EP2906996B1 - Timepiece - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP2906996B1
EP2906996B1 EP13774694.7A EP13774694A EP2906996B1 EP 2906996 B1 EP2906996 B1 EP 2906996B1 EP 13774694 A EP13774694 A EP 13774694A EP 2906996 B1 EP2906996 B1 EP 2906996B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cage
axis
wheel
balance
fixed wheel
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EP13774694.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2906996A1 (en
Inventor
Stephen Forsey
Léna DUPAN
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Complitime SA
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Complitime SA
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Publication of EP2906996A1 publication Critical patent/EP2906996A1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/28—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of unbalance of the weights, e.g. tourbillon
    • G04B17/285—Tourbillons or carrousels

Definitions

  • a vortex mechanism is a device for averaging the deviation of the positions of the balance of a timepiece.
  • a vortex mechanism comprises, for this purpose, a support, (for example a cage in the case of the traditional vortex) pivotally mounted on the frame, generally an assembly formed of a bridge and a plate and, pivotally mounted on this support, a balance spring and an exhaust comprising in particular an escapement wheel with a wheel and a pinion.
  • the support comprises a gear connected kinematically to the work train of the timepiece, in general to the average wheel.
  • the torque applied by the average wheel on the gear slightly rotates the support, the pendulum pulse being given by the exhaust whose mobile rotates by meshing of its pinion with the gear wheel.
  • the wheels and gears are, in general, arranged and numbered so that the vortex performs one revolution per minute.
  • the position of the neutral point of the balance is therefore one revolution per minute, which average the deviations in the vertical positions.
  • the difference between horizontal and vertical positions remains.
  • a triaxial vortex described in the application EP 1 574 916 comprising a cage containing the balance and the escapement rotated along an axis, the cage being mounted in a second cage so as to be rotatable about another axis, the second cage being rotatably mounted in a third cage rotating around an axis fixed relative to the timepiece, the three axes being perpendicular to one another.
  • the triaxial vortex is driven by a drive wheel mounted on the turntable of the timepiece, which drives a pinion integral with the third cage, and rotates said cage around its axis thereby rotating a pinion meshing with a fixed crown.
  • Such a mechanism has the disadvantage of being bulky and unattractive due to the presence of several toothed crowns appearing in particular dial face.
  • the known triaxial tourbillon mechanisms therefore have elements that are harmful and contrary to the expected characteristics of a vortex, namely to have a system as light as possible to have as little inertia as possible, as well as good visibility of the latter. .
  • An object of the present invention is therefore to overcome these disadvantages by providing a timepiece comprising a vortex mechanism to reduce the moment of inertia of the system.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a timepiece comprising a robust tourbillon mechanism, having a small footprint and improved aesthetic appearance.
  • the second and third axes are perpendicular to each other, the first axis forming a constant angle between 60 ° and 85 ° with the second axis.
  • the first cage comprises a first shaft extending along the first axis, said first shaft is pivotally mounted on the second cage and is integral with a first drive wheel of the first cage, a second fixed wheel being mounted secured to the third cage, said first drive wheel of the first cage being in kinematic connection with said second fixed wheel.
  • the intermediate gear is pivotally mounted on the second cage, said intermediate gear kinematically connecting the second fixed wheel to the first drive wheel of the first cage.
  • This construction reduces the bulk of the tourbillon mechanism and its moment of inertia.
  • the term "cooperate” means both a direct kinematic connection between two elements that an indirect kinematic connection between two elements, references or intermediate part (s) being provided between said two elements.
  • a vortex mechanism 1 mounted on a frame of a timepiece according to the invention.
  • the frame is a set of a bridge and a plate, but it is obvious that the frame can include any support element of the timepiece organs.
  • a driving mobile 2 such as a mobile of a finishing train, for example the wheel of average.
  • the vortex mechanism comprises a first cage 4 movable in rotation about a first axis A and on which are pivotally mounted a rocker arm 6 and an escape wheel, comprising an escape wheel and an exhaust pinion (not shown ).
  • first cage 4 movable in rotation about a first axis A and on which are pivotally mounted a rocker arm 6 and an escape wheel, comprising an escape wheel and an exhaust pinion (not shown ).
  • the vortex mechanism also comprises a second cage 8 rotatable about a second axis B and on which said first cage 4 is pivotally mounted about the first axis A.
  • the vortex mechanism also comprises a third cage 10 rotatably mounted on the frame about a third axis C, said third cage 10 carrying said first and second cages, 4 and 8, and driving them kinematically.
  • the third cage 10 is pivoted by the center, in no by its periphery. This allows on the one hand to reduce the size of the system and on the other hand to reduce the torque to be applied to the system to rotate it.
  • two of the first A, second B and third C axes are perpendicular to each other, the remaining axis of the first A, second B and third C axes forming a constant angle between 60 ° and 85 ° with one of the other two first A, second B and third C axes.
  • the second axis B of the second cage 8 is perpendicular to the third axis C of the third cage 10, the first axis A of the first cage 4 forming with the second axis B of the second cage said angle between 60 ° and 85 °.
  • the remaining axis of the first A, second B and third C axes, and more specifically the axis A forms said angle between 60 ° and 85 °, more preferably between 60 ° and 80 °, with one of the other two first A, second B and third C axes, and more specifically with the B axis.
  • the rocker 6 is pivotally mounted about a fourth axis D, said fourth axis D of the beam 6 forming with the first axis A of the first cage 4 an angle of 0 °.
  • the balance 6 is pivotally mounted about a fourth axis D, said fourth axis D of the balance forming 6 with the first axis A of the first cage 4 at an angle other than 0 °.
  • a first fixed wheel 12 is mounted integral with the second cage 8, said first fixed wheel 12 cooperating with the exhaust pinion mounted in the first cage 4.
  • the first cage 4 comprises a first shaft 14 extending along the first axis A, said first shaft 14 being pivotally mounted on the second cage 8 and being secured to a first drive wheel 16 of the first cage 4.
  • a second fixed wheel 18 is mounted integral with the third cage 10, said first drive wheel 16 of the first cage 4 cooperating with said second fixed wheel 18. This cooperation can be direct or indirect.
  • At least one intermediate gear 20 which is pivotally mounted on the second cage 8, said intermediate gear 20 kinematically connecting the second fixed wheel 18 to the first drive wheel 16 of the first 4.
  • the second fixed wheel 18 and the intermediate gear 20 form a bevel gear.
  • the axis of rotation E of the intermediate gear 20 may be parallel to the axis D of the balance 6, as shown in FIG. figure 2 . In an other alternatively, the axis of rotation E of the intermediate gear 20 can be inclined with respect to said axis D of the balance 6.
  • the second cage 8 comprises a second shaft 22 extending along the second axis B, said second shaft 22 being pivotally mounted on the third cage 10 and being secured to a second drive wheel 24 of the second cage 8.
  • a third fixed wheel 26 is mounted integral with the frame, said second drive wheel 24 of the second cage 8 cooperating with said third fixed wheel 26.
  • the second drive wheel 24 of the second cage 8 and the third fixed wheel 26 form a bevel gear. It is obvious that depending on the configuration of the mechanism, other types of non-conical gearing can be used.
  • the third cage 10 comprises a third shaft 28 extending along the third axis C, said third shaft 28 being pivotally mounted on the frame and being integral with a third drive wheel 30 of the third cage 10 cooperating with the mobile trainer 2 of the gear train.
  • the third cage could be mounted pivoted cantilevered, that is to say that its shaft 28 would be pivotally mounted on the frame of a single side, typically by the lower side, for example by means of a bearing to balls.
  • the shaft 28 is pivotally mounted on the frame by its two ends.
  • the third cage 10 comprises a central portion 10a flowing over the third fixed wheel 26, and a lower portion 10b arranged so that the third drive wheel 30, positioned here at the end of said lower part 10b, cooperates with the driving mobile 2 of the finishing train. It is obvious that an inverted configuration can also be envisaged, according to which the toothing of the third fixed wheel 26 would be directed towards the lower part 10b, the central part then flowing beneath said third fixed wheel 26.
  • the third cage 10 also comprises an upper portion 10c advantageously having, in the variant shown here, the shape of an arch attached to the central portion 10a. The arch is of small width, but rigid enough to maintain the system during an impact, which allows to leave visible the first and second cages 4 and 8 placed inside the third cage 10.
  • the third fixed wheel 26 is dimensioned so that the lower part 10b of the third cage 10 and the second cage 8 and the elements carried by the second cage 8 can pivot and circulate inside said third fixed wheel 26.
  • the axis C of the third cage 10 may be parallel or inclined with the axis of rotation of one of the mobile of the work train, and in particular the driving mobile 2.
  • the axis of rotation of the driving wheel of the work train may be perpendicular or not to the frame, the vortex mechanism being arranged accordingly.
  • the driving mobile 2 of the work train is driven in a rotational manner so as to subject the first stand 4 to a motor torque by meshing with the third drive wheel 26 of the third stand 10.
  • the second drive wheel 24 of the second cage 8 carried by the third cage 10 is capable of meshing with the third fixed wheel 26 to drive the second cage 8 in rotation.
  • the intermediate gear 20 carried by the second cage 8 is capable of meshing with the second fixed wheel 18 integral with the third cage 10, to drive in rotation the first drive wheel 16 of the first cage 4 and therefore the rotation of the first cage 4.
  • the escape pinion since the escape pinion is engaged with the toothing of the first fixed wheel 12, the engine torque can only cause a displacement of the first cage 4 when the exhaust gives a driving pulse to the balance, according to the conventional operation. an exhaust.
  • the construction according to the invention makes it possible to produce a tourbillon mechanism having a reduced moment of inertia with respect to the axis B. Indeed, the fact of having a different angle of 90 ° between the axes of the first cage 4 and the second cage 8 has the effect of bringing the system back to the center of gravity of the vortex mechanism. Considering the configuration of the mechanism according to the invention, it is found that there is more weight in the lower part of the system and in the tilting (that is to say having the angle between the axes A and B different from 0 ° and 90 °), the moment of inertia is reduced with respect to the axis B.
  • the moment of inertia with respect to axis B is 14.95 g.mm 2 .
  • the moment of inertia with respect to the axis B is 14.25 g.mm 2 , a decrease in the moment of inertia with respect to the B axis of 4.68%. This is intended to reduce the resistance to rotation of the second cage 8 and thus to promote the operation of the system with respect to known systems in which the axes are all perpendicular to each other.
  • the cage 8 will rotate about its axis B with greater ease than if its axis of rotation B was perpendicular to the axis A of the cage 4.
  • the construction according to the invention also makes it possible to produce a tourbillon mechanism having a reduced bulk, in particular because of the inclination of the axis E of the intermediate gear 20 with respect to the axis C of the third cage 10. if the axis E is inclined with respect to the axis C, then the diameter of the second fixed wheel 18 can be reduced.
  • inclining the axis D of the balance 6 relative to the axis A of the first cage 4 it is possible, by finding the right compromise between the size of the balance and the distance between the balance and the cage, of further reduce the size of the first cage 4 and thus make the system even more compact.
  • the tourbillon mechanism of the invention is robust and also has a very good impact resistance.
  • the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described.
  • the shape of the cages can vary, as well as the type of exhaust, such as a detent escapement, for example.

Description

Domaine techniqueTechnical area

La présente invention se rapporte aux pièces d'horlogerie mécanique. Elle concerne plus particulièrement une pièce d'horlogerie comprenant un bâti, au moins un mobile entraineur, tel qu'un mobile d'un rouage de finissage, et au moins un mécanisme de tourbillon comprenant :

  • une première cage mobile en rotation autour d'un premier axe et sur laquelle sont montés pivotant un balancier et un mobile d'échappement formé d'une roue d'échappement et d'un pignon d'échappement,
  • une deuxième cage mobile en rotation autour d'un deuxième axe et portant ladite première cage,
  • une troisième cage mobile en rotation autour d'un troisième axe, ladite troisième cage portant lesdites première et deuxième cages et les entrainant cinématiquement.
The present invention relates to mechanical timepieces. It relates more particularly to a timepiece comprising a frame, at least one driving mobile, such as a mobile of a finishing train, and at least one tourbillon mechanism comprising:
  • a first cage movable in rotation about a first axis and on which are mounted pivoting a rocker and an escapement mobile formed of an escape wheel and an exhaust pinion,
  • a second cage movable in rotation about a second axis and carrying said first cage,
  • a third cage movable in rotation about a third axis, said third cage carrying said first and second cages and driving them kinematically.

Etat de la techniqueState of the art

Un mécanisme de tourbillon est un dispositif destiné à moyenner l'écart de marche des positions du balancier d'une pièce d'horlogerie. Un mécanisme de tourbillon comporte, à cet effet, un support, (par exemple une cage dans le cas du tourbillon traditionnel) monté pivotant sur le bâti, en général un ensemble formé d'un pont et d'une platine et, montés pivotant sur ce support, un balancier spiral et un échappement comportant notamment un mobile d'échappement muni d'une roue et d'un pignon. Le support comporte un engrenage relié cinématiquement au rouage de finissage de la pièce d'horlogerie, en général à la roue de moyenne. Une roue dentée, montée fixe sur le bâti, engrène avec le pignon d'échappement. De la sorte, chaque fois que le balancier se trouve en position pour recevoir une impulsion motrice de l'échappement, le couple appliqué par la roue de moyenne sur l'engrenage fait légèrement tourner le support, l'impulsion au balancier étant donnée par l'échappement dont le mobile tourne par engrènement de son pignon avec la roue dentée. Les roues et pignons sont, en général, agencés et nombrés de manière à ce que le tourbillon effectue un tour par minute. Ainsi, lorsque la pièce d'horlogerie est disposée verticalement, la position du point mort du balancier fait donc un tour par minute, ce qui moyenne les écarts de marche dans les positions verticales. Par contre, le décalage entre positions horizontales et verticales subsiste.A vortex mechanism is a device for averaging the deviation of the positions of the balance of a timepiece. A vortex mechanism comprises, for this purpose, a support, (for example a cage in the case of the traditional vortex) pivotally mounted on the frame, generally an assembly formed of a bridge and a plate and, pivotally mounted on this support, a balance spring and an exhaust comprising in particular an escapement wheel with a wheel and a pinion. The support comprises a gear connected kinematically to the work train of the timepiece, in general to the average wheel. A toothed wheel, mounted fixed on the frame, meshes with the exhaust pinion. In this way, each time the balance is in position to receive a driving pulse of the exhaust, the torque applied by the average wheel on the gear slightly rotates the support, the pendulum pulse being given by the exhaust whose mobile rotates by meshing of its pinion with the gear wheel. The wheels and gears are, in general, arranged and numbered so that the vortex performs one revolution per minute. Thus, when the timepiece is disposed vertically, the position of the neutral point of the balance is therefore one revolution per minute, which average the deviations in the vertical positions. On the other hand, the difference between horizontal and vertical positions remains.

Pour pallier cet inconvénient, différentes solutions ont été proposées.To overcome this drawback, various solutions have been proposed.

On connait par exemple un tourbillon triaxial décrit dans la demande EP 1 574 916 , comprenant une cage contenant le balancier et l'échappement en rotation selon un axe, la cage étant montée dans une deuxième cage de manière à pouvoir tourner autour d'un autre axe, la deuxième cage étant à son tour montée rotative dans une troisième cage tournant autour d'un axe fixe par rapport à la pièce d'horlogerie, les trois axes étant perpendiculaires l'un par rapport à l'autre. Le tourbillon triaxial est entrainé par une roue motrice montée sur la platine de la pièce d'horlogerie, laquelle entraine un pignon solidaire de la troisième cage, et fait tourner ladite cage autour de son axe mettant ainsi en rotation un pignon engrenant avec une couronne fixée sur la platine de la pièce d'horlogerie, ce qui entraine en rotation la cage autour de son axe, la deuxième cage mettant en rotation la première cage autour de son axe par l'intermédiaire d'une couronne et du pignon de secondes solidaire de la troisième cage, et ainsi transmettre l'énergie provenant de la roue motrice à l'ensemble formé par le pignon d'échappement, la roue d'échappement et le balancier placé dans la première cage.We know for example a triaxial vortex described in the application EP 1 574 916 , comprising a cage containing the balance and the escapement rotated along an axis, the cage being mounted in a second cage so as to be rotatable about another axis, the second cage being rotatably mounted in a third cage rotating around an axis fixed relative to the timepiece, the three axes being perpendicular to one another. The triaxial vortex is driven by a drive wheel mounted on the turntable of the timepiece, which drives a pinion integral with the third cage, and rotates said cage around its axis thereby rotating a pinion meshing with a fixed crown. on the turntable of the timepiece, which causes the cage to rotate about its axis, the second cage rotating the first cage about its axis by means of a crown and the second pinion secured to the third cage, and thus transmit the energy from the drive wheel to the assembly formed by the exhaust pinion, the escape wheel and the balance placed in the first cage.

Un tel mécanisme présente l'inconvénient d'être encombrant et peu esthétique en raison de la présence de plusieurs couronnes dentées apparaissant notamment côté cadran.Such a mechanism has the disadvantage of being bulky and unattractive due to the presence of several toothed crowns appearing in particular dial face.

On connait également la publication WO 2005/071498 qui décrit un tourbillon triaxial présentant trois axes perpendiculaires entre eux. Le tourbillon est pivoté radialement au moyen d'un dispositif se trouvant à la périphérie de sa cage extérieure. Un tel mécanisme présente une faible résistance aux chocs et est donc très fragile.We also know the publication WO 2005/071498 which describes a triaxial vortex with three axes perpendicular to each other. The vortex is rotated radially by means of a device located at the periphery of its outer cage. Such a mechanism has low impact resistance and is therefore very fragile.

On connait également le tourbillon triaxial décrit dans la publication « The first triple tourbillon » de Richard Good, F.B.H.I., Horological Journal, Avril 1983, pages 15-19 , ledit tourbillon comprenant trois axes perpendiculaires entre eux. La construction imaginée par Richard Good impose toutefois un grand porte-à-faux par rapport à l'axe de rotation horizontal du mécanisme, ce qui provoque un moment d'inertie non négligeable.We also know the triaxial tourbillon described in the publication "The first triple tourbillon" by Richard Good, FBHI, Horological Journal, April 1983, pages 15-19 said tourbillon comprising three axes perpendicular to each other. The construction designed by Richard Good, however, imposes a large overhang relative to the horizontal axis of rotation of the mechanism, which causes a significant moment of inertia.

Une solution pour résoudre ce problème a été proposée par Thomas Prescher dans sa pièce Triple Axis Tourbillon inspirée du brevet CH 696 450 . Cette solution consiste à utiliser un contrepoids pour compenser le porte-à-faux. Toutefois, le contrepoids est entrainé par les cages, ce qui a pour effet de créer un couple supplémentaire que le système devra vaincre.A solution to this problem has been proposed by Thomas Prescher in his piece Triple Axis Tourbillon inspired by the patent CH 696 450 . This solution consists of using a counterweight to compensate the cantilever. However, the counterweight is driven by the cages, which has the effect of creating an additional torque that the system will have to overcome.

Les mécanismes de tourbillon triaxial connus présentent donc des éléments qui sont néfastes et contraires aux caractéristiques attendues d'un tourbillon, à savoir avoir un système le plus léger possible pour avoir une inertie aussi limitée que possible, ainsi qu'une bonne visibilité de ce dernier.The known triaxial tourbillon mechanisms therefore have elements that are harmful and contrary to the expected characteristics of a vortex, namely to have a system as light as possible to have as little inertia as possible, as well as good visibility of the latter. .

Un but de la présente invention est donc de pallier ces inconvénients, en proposant une pièce d'horlogerie comprenant un mécanisme de tourbillon permettant de diminuer le moment d'inertie du système.An object of the present invention is therefore to overcome these disadvantages by providing a timepiece comprising a vortex mechanism to reduce the moment of inertia of the system.

Un autre but de la présente invention est de proposer une pièce d'horlogerie comprenant un mécanisme de tourbillon robuste, présentant un encombrement réduit et une apparence esthétique améliorée.Another object of the present invention is to provide a timepiece comprising a robust tourbillon mechanism, having a small footprint and improved aesthetic appearance.

Divulgation de l'inventionDisclosure of the invention

A cet effet, et conformément à la présente invention, définie par la revendication 1, il est proposé une pièce d'horlogerie comprenant un bâti, au moins un mobile entraineur, tel qu'un mobile d'un rouage de finissage, et au moins un mécanisme de tourbillon comprenant :

  • une première cage mobile en rotation autour d'un premier axe et sur laquelle sont montés pivotant un balancier et un mobile d'échappement formé d'une roue d'échappement et d'un pignon d'échappement,
  • une deuxième cage mobile en rotation autour d'un deuxième axe et portant ladite première cage,
  • une troisième cage mobile en rotation autour d'un troisième axe, ladite troisième cage portant lesdites première et deuxième cages et les entrainant cinématiquement.
For this purpose, and in accordance with the present invention, defined by claim 1, there is provided a timepiece comprising a frame, at least one driving mobile, such as a mobile of a finishing train, and at least one a vortex mechanism comprising:
  • a first cage movable in rotation about a first axis and on which are mounted pivoting a rocker and an escapement mobile formed of an escape wheel and an exhaust pinion,
  • a second cage movable in rotation about a second axis and carrying said first cage,
  • a third cage movable in rotation about a third axis, said third cage carrying said first and second cages and driving them kinematically.

Selon l'invention, les deuxième et troisième axes sont perpendiculaires l'un par rapport à l'autre, le premier axe formant un angle constant compris entre 60° et 85° avec le deuxième axe. Par ailleurs, la première cage comprend un premier arbre s'étendant selon le premier axe, ledit premier arbre est monté pivotant sur la deuxième cage et est solidaire d'une première roue d'entrainement de la première cage, une deuxième roue fixe étant montée solidaire sur la troisième cage, ladite première roue d'entrainement de la première cage étant en liaison cinématique avec ladite deuxième roue fixe. Le rouage intermédiaire est monté pivotant sur la deuxième cage, ledit rouage intermédiaire reliant cinématiquement la deuxième roue fixe à la première roue d'entrainement de la première cage.According to the invention, the second and third axes are perpendicular to each other, the first axis forming a constant angle between 60 ° and 85 ° with the second axis. Furthermore, the first cage comprises a first shaft extending along the first axis, said first shaft is pivotally mounted on the second cage and is integral with a first drive wheel of the first cage, a second fixed wheel being mounted secured to the third cage, said first drive wheel of the first cage being in kinematic connection with said second fixed wheel. The intermediate gear is pivotally mounted on the second cage, said intermediate gear kinematically connecting the second fixed wheel to the first drive wheel of the first cage.

Cette construction permet de réduire l'encombrement du mécanisme de tourbillon ainsi que son moment d'inertie.This construction reduces the bulk of the tourbillon mechanism and its moment of inertia.

Brève description des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, d'un mode de réalisation, donné à titre d'exemple et fait en référence aux dessins dans lesquels:

  • la figure 1 représente une vue en perspective d'un mécanisme de tourbillon de l'invention,
  • la figure 2 représente une vue en coupe dudit mécanisme de tourbillon de l'invention, et
  • la figure 3 représente une vue en perspective du mécanisme de tourbillon de l'invention, la cage extérieure ayant été retirée.
The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, of an embodiment, given by way of example and with reference to the drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 represents a perspective view of a vortex mechanism of the invention,
  • the figure 2 represents a sectional view of said vortex mechanism of the invention, and
  • the figure 3 is a perspective view of the vortex mechanism of the invention, the outer cage having been removed.

Mode(s) de réalisation de l'inventionMode (s) of realization of the invention

Dans la présente description, le terme « coopérer » signifie aussi bien une liaison cinématique directe entre deux éléments qu'une liaison cinématique indirecte entre deux éléments, des renvois ou pièce(s) intermédiaire(s) étant prévus entre lesdits deux éléments.In the present description, the term "cooperate" means both a direct kinematic connection between two elements that an indirect kinematic connection between two elements, references or intermediate part (s) being provided between said two elements.

En référence aux figures 1 à 3, il est représenté un mécanisme de tourbillon 1 monté sur un bâti d'une pièce d'horlogerie selon l'invention. Généralement, le bâti est un ensemble formé d'un pont et d'une platine, mais il est bien évident que le bâti peut comprendre tout élément de support des organes de la pièce d'horlogerie.With reference to Figures 1 to 3 , there is shown a vortex mechanism 1 mounted on a frame of a timepiece according to the invention. Generally, the frame is a set of a bridge and a plate, but it is obvious that the frame can include any support element of the timepiece organs.

Sur le bâti est monté pivotant un mobile entraineur 2, tel qu'un mobile d'un rouage de finissage, par exemple la roue de moyenne.On the frame is pivotally mounted a driving mobile 2, such as a mobile of a finishing train, for example the wheel of average.

Le mécanisme de tourbillon comprend une première cage 4 mobile en rotation autour d'un premier axe A et sur laquelle sont montés pivotant un balancier 6 et un mobile d'échappement, comprenant une roue d'échappement et un pignon d'échappement (non représentés). Ces éléments ainsi que les autres éléments de la première cage 4 (ancre, d'autres moyens d'entrainement du balancier) sont connus de l'homme du métier et ne seront pas décrits ici plus en détails.The vortex mechanism comprises a first cage 4 movable in rotation about a first axis A and on which are pivotally mounted a rocker arm 6 and an escape wheel, comprising an escape wheel and an exhaust pinion (not shown ). These elements and the other elements of the first cage 4 (anchor, other drive means of the balance) are known to those skilled in the art and will not be described here in more detail.

Le mécanisme de tourbillon comprend également une deuxième cage 8 mobile en rotation autour d'un deuxième axe B et sur laquelle ladite première cage 4 est montée pivotante autour du premier axe A.The vortex mechanism also comprises a second cage 8 rotatable about a second axis B and on which said first cage 4 is pivotally mounted about the first axis A.

Le mécanisme de tourbillon comprend également une troisième cage 10 montée mobile en rotation sur le bâti autour d'un troisième axe C, ladite troisième cage 10 portant lesdites première et deuxième cages, 4 et 8, et les entrainant cinématiquement. La troisième cage 10 est pivotée par le centre, en non par sa périphérie. Cela permet d'une part de réduire l'encombrement du système et d'autre part de diminuer le couple à appliquer au système pour le faire tourner.The vortex mechanism also comprises a third cage 10 rotatably mounted on the frame about a third axis C, said third cage 10 carrying said first and second cages, 4 and 8, and driving them kinematically. The third cage 10 is pivoted by the center, in no by its periphery. This allows on the one hand to reduce the size of the system and on the other hand to reduce the torque to be applied to the system to rotate it.

Conformément à l'invention, deux des premier A, deuxième B et troisième C axes sont perpendiculaires l'un par rapport à l'autre, l'axe restant des premier A, deuxième B et troisième C axes formant un angle constant compris entre 60° et 85° avec l'un des deux autres premier A, deuxième B et troisième C axes.According to the invention, two of the first A, second B and third C axes are perpendicular to each other, the remaining axis of the first A, second B and third C axes forming a constant angle between 60 ° and 85 ° with one of the other two first A, second B and third C axes.

Le deuxième axe B de la deuxième cage 8 est perpendiculaire au troisième axe C de la troisième cage 10, le premier axe A de la première cage 4 formant avec le deuxième axe B de la deuxième cage ledit angle compris entre 60° et 85°.The second axis B of the second cage 8 is perpendicular to the third axis C of the third cage 10, the first axis A of the first cage 4 forming with the second axis B of the second cage said angle between 60 ° and 85 °.

L'axe restant des premier A, deuxième B et troisième C axes, et plus spécifiquement l'axe A, forme ledit angle compris entre 60° et 85°, plus préférentiellement entre 60° et 80°, avec l'un des deux autres premier A, deuxième B et troisième axes C, et plus spécifiquement avec l'axe B.The remaining axis of the first A, second B and third C axes, and more specifically the axis A, forms said angle between 60 ° and 85 °, more preferably between 60 ° and 80 °, with one of the other two first A, second B and third C axes, and more specifically with the B axis.

Selon une variante de réalisation, le balancier 6 est monté pivotant autour d'un quatrième axe D, ledit quatrième axe D du balancier 6 formant avec le premier axe A de la première cage 4 un angle égal à 0°.According to an alternative embodiment, the rocker 6 is pivotally mounted about a fourth axis D, said fourth axis D of the beam 6 forming with the first axis A of the first cage 4 an angle of 0 °.

Selon une autre variante de réalisation, le balancier 6 est monté pivotant autour d'un quatrième axe D, ledit quatrième axe D du balancier formant 6 avec le premier axe A de la première cage 4 un angle différent de 0°.According to another embodiment, the balance 6 is pivotally mounted about a fourth axis D, said fourth axis D of the balance forming 6 with the first axis A of the first cage 4 at an angle other than 0 °.

D'une manière avantageuse, une première roue fixe 12 est montée solidaire sur la deuxième cage 8, ladite première roue fixe 12 coopérant avec le pignon d'échappement monté dans la première cage 4.Advantageously, a first fixed wheel 12 is mounted integral with the second cage 8, said first fixed wheel 12 cooperating with the exhaust pinion mounted in the first cage 4.

La première cage 4 comprend un premier arbre 14 s'étendant selon le premier axe A, ledit premier arbre 14 étant monté pivotant sur la deuxième cage 8 et étant solidaire d'une première roue d'entrainement 16 de la première cage 4. De plus, une deuxième roue fixe 18 est montée solidaire sur la troisième cage 10, ladite première roue d'entrainement 16 de la première cage 4 coopérant avec ladite deuxième roue fixe 18. Cette coopération peut être directe ou indirecte.The first cage 4 comprises a first shaft 14 extending along the first axis A, said first shaft 14 being pivotally mounted on the second cage 8 and being secured to a first drive wheel 16 of the first cage 4. In addition a second fixed wheel 18 is mounted integral with the third cage 10, said first drive wheel 16 of the first cage 4 cooperating with said second fixed wheel 18. This cooperation can be direct or indirect.

Dans le cas où ladite coopération est indirecte, il est prévu au moins un rouage intermédiaire 20 qui est monté pivotant sur la deuxième cage 8, ledit rouage intermédiaire 20 reliant cinématiquement la deuxième roue fixe 18 à la première roue d'entrainement 16 de la première cage 4. A cet effet, la deuxième roue fixe 18 et le rouage intermédiaire 20 forment un engrenage conique.In the case where said cooperation is indirect, there is provided at least one intermediate gear 20 which is pivotally mounted on the second cage 8, said intermediate gear 20 kinematically connecting the second fixed wheel 18 to the first drive wheel 16 of the first 4. To this end, the second fixed wheel 18 and the intermediate gear 20 form a bevel gear.

L'axe de rotation E du rouage intermédiaire 20 peut être parallèle à l'axe D du balancier 6, comme cela est représenté sur la figure 2. Dans une autre variante, l'axe de rotation E du rouage intermédiaire 20 peut être incliné par rapport audit axe D du balancier 6.The axis of rotation E of the intermediate gear 20 may be parallel to the axis D of the balance 6, as shown in FIG. figure 2 . In an other alternatively, the axis of rotation E of the intermediate gear 20 can be inclined with respect to said axis D of the balance 6.

La deuxième cage 8 comprend un deuxième arbre 22 s'étendant selon le deuxième axe B, ledit deuxième arbre 22 étant monté pivotant sur la troisième cage 10 et étant solidaire d'une deuxième roue d'entrainement 24 de la deuxième cage 8. De plus, une troisième roue fixe 26 est montée solidaire sur le bâti, ladite deuxième roue d'entrainement 24 de la deuxième cage 8 coopérant avec ladite troisième roue fixe 26. A cet effet, la deuxième roue d'entrainement 24 de la deuxième cage 8 et la troisième roue fixe 26 forment un engrenage conique. Il est bien évident que selon la configuration du mécanisme, d'autres types d'engrenage non coniques peuvent être utilisés.The second cage 8 comprises a second shaft 22 extending along the second axis B, said second shaft 22 being pivotally mounted on the third cage 10 and being secured to a second drive wheel 24 of the second cage 8. In addition a third fixed wheel 26 is mounted integral with the frame, said second drive wheel 24 of the second cage 8 cooperating with said third fixed wheel 26. For this purpose, the second drive wheel 24 of the second cage 8 and the third fixed wheel 26 form a bevel gear. It is obvious that depending on the configuration of the mechanism, other types of non-conical gearing can be used.

Enfin, la troisième cage 10 comprend un troisième arbre 28 s'étendant selon le troisième axe C, ledit troisième arbre 28 étant monté pivotant sur le bâti et étant solidaire d'une troisième roue d'entrainement 30 de la troisième cage 10 coopérant avec le mobile entraineur 2 du rouage de finissage.Finally, the third cage 10 comprises a third shaft 28 extending along the third axis C, said third shaft 28 being pivotally mounted on the frame and being integral with a third drive wheel 30 of the third cage 10 cooperating with the mobile trainer 2 of the gear train.

Il est bien évident que, dans une autre variante de réalisation non représentée, la troisième cage pourrait être montée pivotée en porte-à-faux, c'est-à-dire que son arbre 28 serait monté pivotant sur le bâti d'un seul côté, typiquement par le côté inférieur, au moyen par exemple d'un roulement à billes. Dans la variante ici représentée, l'arbre 28 est monté pivotant sur le bâti par ses deux extrémités.It is obvious that, in another variant embodiment not shown, the third cage could be mounted pivoted cantilevered, that is to say that its shaft 28 would be pivotally mounted on the frame of a single side, typically by the lower side, for example by means of a bearing to balls. In the variant shown here, the shaft 28 is pivotally mounted on the frame by its two ends.

Dans la variante ici représentée, la troisième cage 10 comprend une partie centrale 10a circulant au-dessus de la troisième roue fixe 26, et une partie inférieure 10b agencée pour que la troisième roue d'entrainement 30, positionnée ici à l'extrémité de ladite partie inférieure 10b, coopère avec le mobile entraineur 2 du rouage de finissage. Il est bien évident qu'une configuration inversée peut également être envisagée, selon laquelle la denture de la troisième roue fixe 26 serait dirigée vers la partie inférieure 10b, la partie centrale circulant alors au-dessous de ladite troisième roue fixe 26. La troisième cage 10 comprend également une partie supérieure 10c présentant avantageusement, selon la variante représentée ici, la forme d'une arche fixée à la partie centrale 10a. L'arche est de faible largeur, mais suffisamment rigide pour maintenir le système lors d'un choc, ce qui permet de laisser visibles les première et deuxième cages 4 et 8 placées à l'intérieur de la troisième cage 10. La troisième roue fixe 26 est dimensionnée de sorte que la partie inférieure 10b de la troisième cage 10 et ainsi que la deuxième cage 8 et les éléments portés par la deuxième cage 8 peuvent pivoter et circuler à l'intérieur de ladite troisième roue fixe 26.In the variant shown here, the third cage 10 comprises a central portion 10a flowing over the third fixed wheel 26, and a lower portion 10b arranged so that the third drive wheel 30, positioned here at the end of said lower part 10b, cooperates with the driving mobile 2 of the finishing train. It is obvious that an inverted configuration can also be envisaged, according to which the toothing of the third fixed wheel 26 would be directed towards the lower part 10b, the central part then flowing beneath said third fixed wheel 26. The third cage 10 also comprises an upper portion 10c advantageously having, in the variant shown here, the shape of an arch attached to the central portion 10a. The arch is of small width, but rigid enough to maintain the system during an impact, which allows to leave visible the first and second cages 4 and 8 placed inside the third cage 10. The third fixed wheel 26 is dimensioned so that the lower part 10b of the third cage 10 and the second cage 8 and the elements carried by the second cage 8 can pivot and circulate inside said third fixed wheel 26.

Selon les variantes de réalisation, l'axe C de la troisième cage 10 peut être parallèle ou incliné avec l'axe de rotation de l'un des mobiles du rouage de finissage, et notamment le mobile entraineur 2.According to the alternative embodiments, the axis C of the third cage 10 may be parallel or inclined with the axis of rotation of one of the mobile of the work train, and in particular the driving mobile 2.

Il est bien évident également que l'axe de rotation du mobile entraineur du rouage de finissage peut être perpendiculaire ou non au bâti, le mécanisme de tourbillon étant alors disposé en conséquence.It is also obvious that the axis of rotation of the driving wheel of the work train may be perpendicular or not to the frame, the vortex mechanism being arranged accordingly.

Lorsque le mouvement fonctionne, le mobile entraineur 2 du rouage de finissage est animé d'un mouvement de rotation de manière à soumettre la première cage 4 à un couple moteur par engrènement avec la troisième roue d'entrainement 26 de la troisième cage 10.When the movement is running, the driving mobile 2 of the work train is driven in a rotational manner so as to subject the first stand 4 to a motor torque by meshing with the third drive wheel 26 of the third stand 10.

En effet, lorsque le mobile 2 est en rotation, il est susceptible d'entrainer avec lui la rotation de la troisième cage 10 par l'intermédiaire de la troisième roue d'entrainement 30.Indeed, when the mobile 2 is rotating, it is likely to cause with it the rotation of the third cage 10 by means of the third drive wheel 30.

Lors de ce déplacement, la deuxième roue d'entrainement 24 de la deuxième cage 8 portée par la troisième cage 10 est susceptible d'engrener avec la troisième roue fixe 26 pour entrainer la deuxième cage 8 en rotation.During this movement, the second drive wheel 24 of the second cage 8 carried by the third cage 10 is capable of meshing with the third fixed wheel 26 to drive the second cage 8 in rotation.

Lors de ce déplacement, le rouage intermédiaire 20 porté par la deuxième cage 8 est susceptible d'engrener avec la deuxième roue fixe 18 solidaire de la troisième cage 10, pour entrainer en rotation la première roue d'entrainement 16 de la première cage 4 et donc la rotation de la première cage 4.During this movement, the intermediate gear 20 carried by the second cage 8 is capable of meshing with the second fixed wheel 18 integral with the third cage 10, to drive in rotation the first drive wheel 16 of the first cage 4 and therefore the rotation of the first cage 4.

Toutefois, comme le pignon d'échappement est en prise avec la denture de la première roue fixe 12, le couple moteur ne peut engendrer un déplacement de la première cage 4 que lorsque l'échappement donne une impulsion motrice au balancier, selon le fonctionnement classique d'un échappement.However, since the escape pinion is engaged with the toothing of the first fixed wheel 12, the engine torque can only cause a displacement of the first cage 4 when the exhaust gives a driving pulse to the balance, according to the conventional operation. an exhaust.

La construction selon l'invention permet de réaliser un mécanisme de tourbillon présentant un moment d'inertie réduit par rapport à l'axe B. En effet, le fait d'avoir un angle différent de 90° entre les axes de la première cage 4 et de la deuxième cage 8 a pour effet de ramener le système vers le centre de gravité du mécanisme de tourbillon. En considérant la configuration du mécanisme selon l'invention, on constate qu'il y a plus de poids dans la partie inférieure du système et qu'en l'inclinant (c'est-à-dire en ayant l'angle entre les axes A et B différent de 0° et 90°), on diminue le moment d'inertie par rapport à l'axe B. En effet, dans une pièce d'horlogerie similaire à l'invention mais dans laquelle les axes A et B sont perpendiculaires, le moment d'inertie par rapport à l'axe B est de 14,95 g.mm2. Dans une pièce d'horlogerie selon l'invention, dans laquelle il y a un angle de 70° entre les axes A et B, le moment d'inertie par rapport à l'axe B est de 14,25 g.mm2, soit une diminution du moment d'inertie par rapport à l'axe B de 4,68%. Ceci a pour but de réduire la résistance à la mise en rotation de la deuxième cage 8 et ainsi de favoriser le fonctionnement du système par rapport aux systèmes connus dans lesquels les axes sont tous perpendiculaires entre eux. La cage 8 va tourner autour de son axe B avec plus de facilité que si son axe de rotation B était perpendiculaire à l'axe A de la cage 4. De plus, il est possible d'utiliser un contrepoids de taille très réduite par rapport aux contrepoids utilisés dans l'art antérieur, voire de supprimer un tel contrepoids.The construction according to the invention makes it possible to produce a tourbillon mechanism having a reduced moment of inertia with respect to the axis B. Indeed, the fact of having a different angle of 90 ° between the axes of the first cage 4 and the second cage 8 has the effect of bringing the system back to the center of gravity of the vortex mechanism. Considering the configuration of the mechanism according to the invention, it is found that there is more weight in the lower part of the system and in the tilting (that is to say having the angle between the axes A and B different from 0 ° and 90 °), the moment of inertia is reduced with respect to the axis B. Indeed, in a timepiece similar to the invention but in which the axes A and B are perpendicular, the moment of inertia with respect to axis B is 14.95 g.mm 2 . In a timepiece according to the invention, in which there is an angle of 70 ° between the axes A and B, the moment of inertia with respect to the axis B is 14.25 g.mm 2 , a decrease in the moment of inertia with respect to the B axis of 4.68%. This is intended to reduce the resistance to rotation of the second cage 8 and thus to promote the operation of the system with respect to known systems in which the axes are all perpendicular to each other. The cage 8 will rotate about its axis B with greater ease than if its axis of rotation B was perpendicular to the axis A of the cage 4. In addition, it is possible to use a counterweight of very small size compared to counterweights used in the prior art, or even to remove such a counterweight.

La construction selon l'invention permet également de réaliser un mécanisme de tourbillon présentant un encombrement réduit, du fait notamment de l'inclinaison de l'axe E du rouage intermédiaire 20 par rapport à l'axe C de la troisième cage 10. En effet, si l'axe E est incliné par rapport à l'axe C, alors le diamètre de la deuxième roue fixe 18 peut être réduit. De plus, en inclinant l'axe D du balancier 6 par rapport à l'axe A de la première cage 4, il est possible, en trouvant le bon compromis entre la taille du balancier et la distance entre le balancier et la cage, de diminuer davantage la taille de la première cage 4 et de rendre ainsi le système encore plus compact.The construction according to the invention also makes it possible to produce a tourbillon mechanism having a reduced bulk, in particular because of the inclination of the axis E of the intermediate gear 20 with respect to the axis C of the third cage 10. if the axis E is inclined with respect to the axis C, then the diameter of the second fixed wheel 18 can be reduced. In addition, by inclining the axis D of the balance 6 relative to the axis A of the first cage 4, it is possible, by finding the right compromise between the size of the balance and the distance between the balance and the cage, of further reduce the size of the first cage 4 and thus make the system even more compact.

Le mécanisme de tourbillon de l'invention est robuste et présente également une très bonne résistance aux chocs.The tourbillon mechanism of the invention is robust and also has a very good impact resistance.

Il est bien évident que la présente invention n'est pas limitée à la réalisation décrite. Notamment la forme des cages peut varier, ainsi que le type d'échappement, comme un échappement à détente par exemple.It is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described. In particular, the shape of the cages can vary, as well as the type of exhaust, such as a detent escapement, for example.

Claims (6)

  1. Timepiece comprising a frame, at least one driving wheel (2) and at least one tourbillon mechanism, comprising:
    - a first cage (4) rotatable around a first axis (A) and on which are pivotally mounted a balance (6) and an escapement mobile formed from an escapement wheel and an escapement pinion,
    - a second cage (8) rotatable around a second axis (B) and bearing said first cage (4),
    - a third cage (10) rotatable around a third axis (C), said third cage (10) bearing said first and second chasses (4, 8) and driving them kinematically,
    the second axis (B) of the second cage (8) being perpendicular to the third axis (C) of the third cage (10), the first cage (4) comprising a first arbor (14) extending along the first axis (A), said first arbor (14) being mounted pivotably on the second cage (8) and secured to a first driving wheel (16) of the first cage (4), a second fixed wheel (18) being mounted secured on the third cage (10), said first driving wheel (16) of the first cage (4) being kinematically connected with said second fixed wheel (18), and an intermediate gear train (20) being mounted pivotably on the second cage (8), said intermediate gear train (20) kinematically connecting the second fixed wheel (18) to the first driving wheel (16) of the first cage (4),
    characterized in that the first axis (A) of the first cage (4) forms a constant angle comprised between 60° and 85° with the second axis (B) of the second cage (8).
  2. Timepiece according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the balance (6) is mounted pivotably around a fourth axis (D), said fourth axis (D) of the balance (6) forming an angle equal to 0° with the first axis (A) of the first cage (4).
  3. Timepiece according to claim 1,
    characterized in that the balance (6) is mounted pivotably around the fourth axis (D), said fourth axis (D) of the balance (6) forming an angle different from 0° with the first axis (A) of the first cage (4).
  4. Timepiece according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a first fixed wheel (12) is mounted secured on the second cage (8), said first fixed wheel (12) cooperating with the escapement pinion.
  5. Timepiece according to claim 1, characterized in that the second cage (8) comprises a second arbor (22) extending along the second axis (B), said second arbor (22) being mounted pivotably on the third cage (10) and being secured to a second driving wheel (24) of the second cage (8), and in that a third fixed wheel (26) is mounted on the frame, said second driving wheel (24) of the second cage (8) cooperating with said third fixed wheel (26).
  6. Timepiece according to claim 1, characterized in that the third cage (10) comprises a third arbor (28) extending along the third axis (C), said third arbor (28) being mounted pivoting on the frame and being secured to a third driving wheel (30) of the third cage (10) cooperating with the driving wheel (2).
EP13774694.7A 2012-10-15 2013-10-14 Timepiece Active EP2906996B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH02003/12A CH707079B1 (en) 2012-10-15 2012-10-15 Timepiece with tourbillon.
PCT/EP2013/071410 WO2014060346A1 (en) 2012-10-15 2013-10-14 Timepiece

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EP2906996A1 EP2906996A1 (en) 2015-08-19
EP2906996B1 true EP2906996B1 (en) 2017-12-06

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US (1) US9268308B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2906996B1 (en)
CN (1) CN104737081B (en)
CH (2) CH711316B1 (en)
HK (1) HK1213649A1 (en)
HU (1) HUE038217T2 (en)
WO (1) WO2014060346A1 (en)

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JP6626701B2 (en) * 2015-03-09 2019-12-25 セイコーインスツル株式会社 Motion stabilization, movement and mechanical watches
CH713109B1 (en) 2016-11-04 2021-09-30 Concepto Holding Sa Clockwork movement comprising at least two tourbillons.
EP3650954A1 (en) * 2018-11-09 2020-05-13 Montres Breguet S.A. Governor for a watch
EP3770695B1 (en) 2019-07-23 2022-01-12 Omega SA Timepiece stop-cage with blade for stopping the cage
CH718187A1 (en) * 2020-12-17 2022-06-30 Mft Dhorlogerie Audemars Piguet Sa Tourbillon for watch movement.
EP4113216A1 (en) * 2021-06-30 2023-01-04 TEC Ebauches SA Timepiece movement and clock piece comprising such a movement
CH719469A1 (en) * 2022-03-02 2023-09-15 Richemont Int Sa Watch movement with a mechanism for moving an oscillator.

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WO2005071498A1 (en) * 2004-01-26 2005-08-04 Gübelin AG Tourbillon
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CH699838B1 (en) * 2004-03-09 2010-05-14 Franck Muller Watchland Sa Tourbillon tri-axial timepiece, particularly wristwatch.
DE602005013758D1 (en) * 2004-04-15 2009-05-20 Montres Breguet Sa Manufacture CLOCK WITH AT LEAST TWO TOURBILLONS
DE602004016137D1 (en) * 2004-07-08 2008-10-09 Audemars Piguet Renaud Et Papi Correction mechanism of a plate of a regulating device for a Uhruh coil spring
DE602005009316D1 (en) * 2005-01-28 2008-10-09 Richemont Int Sa Clock with tourbillon
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CH702707B1 (en) * 2007-04-05 2011-08-31 Complitime Sa workpiece movement of tourbillon watches.

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CH711316B1 (en) 2017-01-13
CH707079B1 (en) 2017-01-13
HUE038217T2 (en) 2018-10-29
CN104737081A (en) 2015-06-24
CN104737081B (en) 2017-04-12
HK1213649A1 (en) 2016-07-08
US9268308B2 (en) 2016-02-23
US20150277381A1 (en) 2015-10-01
WO2014060346A1 (en) 2014-04-24
CH707079A1 (en) 2014-04-15
EP2906996A1 (en) 2015-08-19

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