EP2902728B1 - Reconnaissance automatique de quantités de remplissage de réfrigérant dans des circuits frigorifiques - Google Patents

Reconnaissance automatique de quantités de remplissage de réfrigérant dans des circuits frigorifiques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2902728B1
EP2902728B1 EP15150586.4A EP15150586A EP2902728B1 EP 2902728 B1 EP2902728 B1 EP 2902728B1 EP 15150586 A EP15150586 A EP 15150586A EP 2902728 B1 EP2902728 B1 EP 2902728B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
expansion valve
opening
determined
degree
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15150586.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2902728A1 (fr
Inventor
Frank Dziwak
Stefan Sobotta
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Vaillant GmbH
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Vaillant GmbH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/22—Preventing, detecting or repairing leaks of refrigeration fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/23—High amount of refrigerant in the system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/24—Low amount of refrigerant in the system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2513—Expansion valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/19—Pressures
    • F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/19—Pressures
    • F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
    • F25B2700/1931—Discharge pressures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
    • F25B2700/21151—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor at the suction side of the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
    • F25B2700/21152—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor at the discharge side of the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2116—Temperatures of a condenser
    • F25B2700/21163—Temperatures of a condenser of the refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2117—Temperatures of an evaporator
    • F25B2700/21175—Temperatures of an evaporator of the refrigerant at the outlet of the evaporator

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for automatic detection of refrigerant charge in refrigeration circuits.
  • EP 1923646 A1 is a refrigeration cycle with an electronic expansion valve known, by means of which the overheating can be adjusted.
  • EP 2088391 A2 shows a method for detecting refrigerant charge in a refrigeration cycle according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention has for its object to determine refrigerant shortage or overfilling automatically.
  • Evaporator 3 a first temperature sensor 11 between the condenser 2 and expansion valve 4, a first pressure sensor 10 between the compressor 1 and the condenser 2, a second temperature sensor 13 and a second pressure sensor 12 between the evaporator 3 and compressor 1 and a third temperature sensor 9 between the compressor 1 and the condenser 2.
  • the condenser 2 is connected to a heating circuit with a heating circuit pump 6 and a volume flow sensor 5.
  • the evaporator 3 is connected to a brine circuit with brine circuit pump 7.
  • a control 15 is used to control the heat pump.
  • the compressor 1 in the refrigerant circuit 8 has the task to raise the superheated refrigerant flowing from the evaporator 3 at the temperature T s of the evaporation pressure p 0 to the condensing pressure p c .
  • the further superheated refrigerant vapor exits at the discharge nozzle of the compressor 1 with the hot gas temperature T d , and flows through the hot gas line to the condenser 2.
  • the condenser 2 has the task to the superheated refrigerant vapor flowing from the compressor 1 to (cool), to liquefy and thereby to pass the enthalpy to the heating water, and then to subcool the refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant flows in liquid form and still under condensing pressure p c through the liquid line to the electronic expansion valve 4.
  • the subcooling of the refrigerant is necessary to ensure proper operation of the expansion valve 4, since gas bubbles the proper operation of the expansion valve. 4 would disturb. An incorrectly injected amount of refrigerant in the evaporator 3 would in turn damage the compressor 1.
  • supercooling ⁇ T U improves performance, as more enthalpy is drawn from the source as subcooling increases.
  • the electronic expansion valve 4 has the task to relax the supercooled refrigerant with the inlet temperature T EI of condensing pressure p c back to evaporation pressure p 0 so that it can get into the evaporator 3 via the injection line.
  • the injected refrigerant amount is determined by the opening degree of the expansion valve 4.
  • the opening degree of the expansion valve 4 is set in the case of an electronic expansion valve 4 with stepping motor 14 by a controller 15 on the number of steps of the stepping motor 14.
  • the controlled variable used here is the so-called overheating ⁇ T O , the difference between the evaporation temperature T 0 and the compressor suction nozzle temperature, the suction temperature T S.
  • the evaporation temperature T 0 is determined via the evaporation pressure p 0 , which is measured by the second pressure sensor 12, and corresponds to the temperature at which the entire refrigerant has evaporated.
  • liquid refrigerant is evaporated.
  • the necessary enthalpy of vaporization is withdrawn from the brine circuit connected to the primary side of the evaporator 3.
  • the control 15 ensures that only so much refrigerant is injected from the electronic expansion valve 4 that it completely evaporates in the evaporator 3 and the compressor 1 is supplied with a predetermined superheating ⁇ T O via the suction line with the suction temperature T S.
  • FIG. 2 shows the operation of the refrigeration cycle in the log p - h diagram. For comparison, certain operating points with Roman numerals I to IV in both the device according to FIG. 1 , as well as in the diagram according to FIG. 2 shown.
  • IV represents the state downstream of the evaporator 3 upstream of the compressor 1.
  • the refrigerant is in vapor form with the suction temperature T S and the evaporation pressure p 0 .
  • the compressor 1 the refrigerant is compressed, whereby the pressure on the condensing pressure p c increases. At the same time the temperature rises to the hot gas temperature T d .
  • the refrigerant is now in state I.
  • the condenser 2 the refrigerant is isobaric cooled, whereby the refrigerant passes through the wet steam area and condenses out. After passing through the wet steam area, the liquid refrigerant is still slightly undercooled, so that the temperature T EI sets (state II).
  • the refrigerant is depressurized to evaporating pressure p 0 and thereby cools to the temperature T E0 down (state III).
  • the refrigerant absorbs isobaric heat, so that the refrigerant evaporates.
  • the overheating ⁇ T o is an important factor for detecting the refrigerant shortage.
  • the evaporation pressure p 0 is determined by means of the second pressure sensor 12 between the evaporator 3 and the compressor 1. From this it is possible to determine the temperature T 0 at which the wet steam region will leave. From the temperature T 0 at the evaporation pressure p 0 and the temperature of the second temperature sensor 13 between the evaporator 3 and the compressor 1, the superheating ⁇ T o is determined as the difference. The variable cross section of the expansion valve 4 is changed by means of the stepping motor 14 until a predetermined overheating ⁇ T o, should set.
  • the degree of opening of the expansion valve 4 is determined and held at a predetermined superheating .DELTA.T o, soll .
  • a setpoint opening degree of the expansion valve 4 is determined from a stored characteristic map or algorithm for the overheating ⁇ T o, soll and the high pressure p c and the hot gas temperature T d ; this is in FIG. 3 shown. Now, the difference between the measured opening degree and the target opening degree of the expansion valve 4 is determined.
  • the condensing pressure p c is determined. From this, the boiling temperature at which the wet steam region is left can be determined. From the boiling point at the condensing pressure p c and the temperature of the first temperature sensor 11 between the condenser 2 and expansion valve 4, the subcooling ⁇ T U is determined as the difference. From a stored map or algorithm is to the superheating .DELTA.T o, soll and the high pressure p c and the hot gas temperature T d, a target subcooling .DELTA.T U, soll determined. Now the difference between measured subcooling ⁇ T U and target subcooling ⁇ T U, soll is determined.
  • the detected opening degree of the expansion valve 4 is larger than the target opening degree by a predetermined deviation, there is a refrigerant shortage, whereas if the detected opening degree of the expansion valve 4 is smaller than the target opening degree by a predetermined deviation, there is a refrigerant surplus.
  • the specified deviations may be different for refrigerant shortage and excess refrigerant. If there is a deviation by a first, predetermined amount, a warning signal is initially output. If a second, larger, predetermined amount is exceeded, the refrigerant circuit is switched off.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Procédé de reconnaissance automatique de quantités de remplissage de réfrigérant dans des circuits frigorifiques (8), de préférence d'une pompe à chaleur, avec un compresseur (1), un condenseur (2), une soupape de détente (4) avec une section transversale variable ainsi qu'une détection du degré d'ouverture, un évaporateur (3), un premier capteur de pression (10) entre le compresseur (1) et la soupape de détente (4), un premier capteur de température (11) entre le condenseur (2) et la soupape de détente (4), un second capteur de pression (12) ainsi qu'un second capteur de température (13) entre l'évaporateur (3) et le compresseur (1),
    caractérisé en ce que la surchauffe ΔTO est déterminée à partir de la pression déterminée au moyen du second capteur de pression (12) ainsi que des températures du second capteur de température (13),
    la section transversale variable de la soupape de détente (4) est modifiée jusqu'à ce qu'une surchauffe ΔTo,soll prédéfinie soit réglée,
    à la suite de quoi une ou les deux vérifications suivantes sont réalisées :
    a) le degré d'ouverture de la soupape de détente (4) est déterminé lors de la surchauffe ΔTO,soll prédéfinie,
    un degré d'ouverture de consigne de la soupape de détente (4) est déterminé pour la surchauffe ΔTo,soll à partir d'un diagramme caractéristique ou d'un algorithme enregistré,
    la différence entre le degré d'ouverture mesuré et le degré d'ouverture de consigne de la soupape de détente (4) est déterminée,
    dans lequel un manque de réfrigérant ou un excédent de réfrigérant est présent en cas d'un écart prédéfini entre le degré d'ouverture détecté et le degré d'ouverture de consigne de la soupape de détente (4),
    b) le sous-refroidissement ΔTU est déterminé à partir de la pression déterminée au moyen du premier capteur de pression (10) ainsi que des températures du premier capteur de température (11),
    un sous-refroidissement de consigne ΔTU,soll est déterminé pour la surchauffe ΔTo,soll à partir d'un diagramme caractéristique ou d'un algorithme enregistré,
    la différence entre le sous-refroidissement ΔTU mesuré et le sous-refroidissement de consigne ΔTU,soll est déterminée,
    dans lequel un manque de réfrigérant ou un excédent de réfrigérant est présent en cas d'un écart prédéfini entre le sous-refroidissement mesuré ΔTU et le sous-refroidissement de consigne ΔTU,soll.
  2. Procédé de reconnaissance automatique de quantités de remplissage de réfrigérant selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que, lorsque le degré d'ouverture détecté de la soupape de détente (4) est plus grand d'un écart prédéfini que le degré d'ouverture de consigne, un manque de réfrigérant est présent,
    tandis que, lorsque le degré d'ouverture détecté de la soupape de détente (4) est plus petit d'un écart prédéfini que le degré d'ouverture de consigne, un excédent de réfrigérant est présent.
  3. Procédé de reconnaissance automatique de quantités de remplissage de réfrigérant selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé en ce que les écarts prédéfinis sont différents en cas de manque de réfrigérant et d'excédent de réfrigérant.
  4. Procédé de reconnaissance automatique de quantités de remplissage de réfrigérant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisé en ce que, en cas de dépassement de l'écart, le circuit de réfrigérant est coupé.
  5. Procédé de reconnaissance automatique de quantités de remplissage de réfrigérant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisé en ce que, en cas de dépassement d'un premier écart prédéfini, un signal de préavertissement est émis et/ou en cas de dépassement d'un second écart prédéfini, le circuit de réfrigérant est coupé.
EP15150586.4A 2014-01-31 2015-01-09 Reconnaissance automatique de quantités de remplissage de réfrigérant dans des circuits frigorifiques Active EP2902728B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA50064/2014A AT515455B1 (de) 2014-01-31 2014-01-31 Automatische Erkennung von Kältemittelfüllmengen in Kältekreisläufen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2902728A1 EP2902728A1 (fr) 2015-08-05
EP2902728B1 true EP2902728B1 (fr) 2017-04-26

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EP15150586.4A Active EP2902728B1 (fr) 2014-01-31 2015-01-09 Reconnaissance automatique de quantités de remplissage de réfrigérant dans des circuits frigorifiques

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EP (1) EP2902728B1 (fr)
AT (1) AT515455B1 (fr)
DK (1) DK2902728T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2633272T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL2902728T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2018141607A (ja) * 2017-02-28 2018-09-13 三菱重工サーマルシステムズ株式会社 冷媒量判定装置、空気調和システム、冷媒量判定方法およびプログラム
CN112781290A (zh) * 2020-04-10 2021-05-11 青岛海尔新能源电器有限公司 热泵系统控制方法及热泵系统
CN112833596B (zh) * 2021-01-21 2022-09-30 四川长虹空调有限公司 一种制冷系统制冷剂状态的判定方法
CN114087710B (zh) * 2021-11-12 2022-11-11 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 一种空调器的缺氟检测方法及装置、存储介质、电子设备

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US6571566B1 (en) * 2002-04-02 2003-06-03 Lennox Manufacturing Inc. Method of determining refrigerant charge level in a space temperature conditioning system
JP4269616B2 (ja) * 2002-09-24 2009-05-27 株式会社Ｉｈｉ 過冷却水製造装置の制御方法及び装置
JP3988780B2 (ja) * 2005-09-09 2007-10-10 ダイキン工業株式会社 冷凍装置
JP4904908B2 (ja) * 2006-04-28 2012-03-28 ダイキン工業株式会社 空気調和装置
JP4225357B2 (ja) * 2007-04-13 2009-02-18 ダイキン工業株式会社 冷媒充填装置、冷凍装置及び冷媒充填方法
JP4245064B2 (ja) * 2007-05-30 2009-03-25 ダイキン工業株式会社 空気調和装置
KR101488390B1 (ko) * 2008-02-05 2015-01-30 엘지전자 주식회사 공기조화장치의 냉매량 판단 방법
US8466798B2 (en) * 2011-05-05 2013-06-18 Emerson Electric Co. Refrigerant charge level detection

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK2902728T3 (en) 2017-08-07
ES2633272T3 (es) 2017-09-20
PL2902728T3 (pl) 2017-09-29
AT515455B1 (de) 2016-05-15
EP2902728A1 (fr) 2015-08-05
AT515455A1 (de) 2015-09-15

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