EP2827081B1 - Procédé de commande d'une pompe à chaleur - Google Patents

Procédé de commande d'une pompe à chaleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2827081B1
EP2827081B1 EP14170062.5A EP14170062A EP2827081B1 EP 2827081 B1 EP2827081 B1 EP 2827081B1 EP 14170062 A EP14170062 A EP 14170062A EP 2827081 B1 EP2827081 B1 EP 2827081B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compressor
temperature
heat pump
function
cooling medium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14170062.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2827081A3 (fr
EP2827081A2 (fr
Inventor
Gunnar Eklund
Jonny Lundborg
Markus Johansson
Kjell Gustafsson
Andreas Akerstedt
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2827081A3 publication Critical patent/EP2827081A3/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F25B49/022—Compressor control arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F25B49/025—Motor control arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/26—Problems to be solved characterised by the startup of the refrigeration cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/02—Compressor control
    • F25B2600/025—Compressor control by controlling speed
    • F25B2600/0251—Compressor control by controlling speed with on-off operation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2513—Expansion valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
    • F25B2700/21151—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor at the suction side of the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
    • F25B2700/21152—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor at the discharge side of the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
    • F25B2700/21156—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor of the motor
    • F25B2700/21157—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor of the motor at the coil or rotor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling a heat pump according to claim 1, a control device according to claim 11 and a heat pump according to claim 12.
  • a compression refrigeration circuit with at least one compressor, a condenser, a throttle and an evaporator is monitored in such a way that the pressure on the high pressure side between the compressor and the throttle is detected, the boiling temperature on the high pressure side as a function of the pressure on the high pressure side and the cooling medium is calculated, the temperature between the condenser and the throttle is detected, the temperature difference is formed between the boiling temperature on the high pressure side and the temperature between the condenser and the throttle, and in the event that the temperature difference falls below a predetermined limit value for the first time, an error status is activated, and in the case in which the temperature difference repeatedly falls below the predetermined limit value by a predetermined number, the compression refrigeration circuit is switched off.
  • a heat pump system with an indoor heat exchanger coil, an outdoor heat exchanger coil and a compressor is known, which are operated in a heating mode and in a cooling mode can.
  • a sensor is provided for determining one or more properties of the refrigerant in the compressor delivery line, a control being provided which adjusts the output of the compressor as a function of the sensor signal.
  • WO 2012/070082 A1 Another heat pump is known, the heat pump having a main circuit with a compressor, a heat exchanger, a throttle device and an evaporator.
  • the invention is to provide an improved method of controlling a heat pump.
  • the object of the invention is achieved by the method according to claim 1. Furthermore, the object of the invention is achieved by the control device according to claim 10 and claim 11 and by the heat pump according to claim 12.
  • a heat pump is also understood, depending on the context, to be a reversible heat pump, a refrigeration machine or a refrigeration system.
  • a cooling medium is also called a refrigerant.
  • the temperature of the compressor is recorded and a function of the heat pump is controlled as a function of the temperature of the compressor. In this way, efficient control of the heat pump can be achieved. In particular, overloading of the compressor or damage to the compressor can be avoided.
  • the temperature of the compressor is used to prevent the compressor from starting when the temperature of the compressor is below a first limit value. This will prevent damage to the compressor.
  • the temperature of the compressor should be at least a predetermined value higher than the temperature of the surroundings. For example, 10 ° C should be sufficient as a difference between the ambient temperature and the temperature of the compressor.
  • an opening cross section of the throttle is defined as a function of the temperature of the compressor, in particular an opening cross section of the throttle is limited. In this way, further cooling of the compressor can be avoided.
  • Monitoring the temperature of the compressor has the advantage, for example, that the cooling medium of the heat pump does not dissolve in the oil of the compressor.
  • the cooling medium can dissolve in the compressor oil if the compressor oil is too cold.
  • the absorption of the cooling medium in the oil affects the properties of the oil, in particular the lubricity of the oil can be reduced.
  • operation of the compressor is prevented if the temperature of the compressor is below a second limit value. This function also prevents the compressor from malfunctioning.
  • the temperature of the cooling medium is detected in the direction of flow upstream of the compressor, and the delivery rate of the compressor is controlled as a function of the detected value. For example, the delivery rate of the compressor can be reduced or the compressor can be switched off if the temperature of the cooling medium is below a predetermined value. This ensures that the compressor is not damaged by liquid refrigerant.
  • the temperature of the cooling medium in the flow direction downstream of the compressor is recorded and the delivery rate of the compressor is controlled as a function of the recorded value, in particular the delivery rate is reduced or the compressor is switched off.
  • the delivery rate of the compressor is reduced if the detected temperature value is below a predetermined limit value. This also reduces the risk of damaging the compressor.
  • a period of time can be provided during which the recorded value of the temperature must be below the predetermined limit value before an intervention in the function of the compressor, in particular a reduction in the delivery rate of the compressor or a shutdown of the compressor he follows. This ensures that brief, uncritical temperature fluctuations do not interfere with the functioning of the compressor.
  • sensors in particular temperature sensors, which are used to detect the temperature of the compressor, are monitored with regard to a malfunction. If a malfunction is detected, at least one error signal is output and / or the compressor is switched off. This can prevent a malfunction of the heat pump or damage to the compressor.
  • a torque of the compressor is monitored, an error signal being generated and / or the power of the compressor being at least limited when a predetermined limit value is exceeded.
  • the compressor is preferably switched off when the limit value is exceeded. This procedure prevents damage to the compressor in the event of excessive torque.
  • the torque of the compressor is monitored during a starting phase of the compressor. This situation can occur, for example, if the compressor is iced up. A start should be avoided if the compressor is iced up. The start phase is aborted when the torque of the compressor is above a specified value. In this way, overloading or damage to the compressor during the start-up phase is reliably avoided.
  • the operation of the compressor is prevented and an error signal is output if more than a predetermined number of aborted start phases have occurred. This avoids unnecessary repetition of start phases. This means that the compressor is not unnecessarily stressed.
  • the invention is explained below using the example of a heat pump. However, the invention can also be applied accordingly to a reversible heat pump, a refrigeration machine or refrigeration system.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a structure of a heat pump 1.
  • the heat pump 1 has an evaporator 2, a compressor 3, a condenser 4 and a throttle 5.
  • an outlet of the evaporator 2 is connected to a switching valve 7 via a first line 6.
  • the first line 6 is connected to a separator 9 via a second line 8.
  • the separator 9 is provided in order to separate liquid from the cooling medium.
  • the separator 9 is connected to an input of the compressor 3 via a third line 10. Depending on the chosen embodiment, can The separator 9 can also be dispensed with.
  • An output of the compressor 3 is connected to the switching valve 7 via a fourth line 11.
  • the fourth line 11 is connected to a fifth line 12 which is led to an input of the capacitor 4.
  • the switching valve 7 can be dispensed with, the lines being correspondingly directly connected to one another.
  • An output of the capacitor 4 is connected to the choke 5 via a sixth line 13.
  • the throttle 5 is preferably designed as a controllable throttle with a variable opening cross-section.
  • An output of the throttle 5 is connected via a seventh line 14 to a reservoir 15 for liquid cooling medium.
  • the reservoir 15 is connected to an injection line 17 via an eighth line 16 via a first valve 18.
  • the injection line 17 is connected to the compressor 3 and is designed to supply cooling medium of the circuit to the compressor 3 or the compressor 3 is designed to suck in cooling medium via the injection line 17.
  • a bypass line 19 is provided, via which the eighth line 16 is connected to a second valve 20.
  • the second valve 20 is connected to an inlet of the evaporator 2 via a ninth line 21.
  • a fan 22 is assigned to the evaporator 2.
  • a first temperature sensor 23 is provided on the evaporator 2.
  • a second temperature sensor 24 and a first pressure sensor 25 are provided in the second line 8.
  • a third temperature sensor 26 is provided on the compressor, which is preferably connected to an oil reservoir of the compressor 3.
  • a second pressure sensor 27 and a fourth temperature sensor 28 are provided on the fourth line 11.
  • a fifth temperature sensor 29 is provided on the capacitor 4.
  • a sixth temperature sensor 30 is provided on the sixth line 13.
  • a seventh temperature sensor 31 is provided on the ninth line 21.
  • a control device 32 is provided, which is connected to the temperature sensors 23, 24, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31 and to the pressure sensors 25, 27.
  • the controllable valves 18, 20, the controllable throttle 5 and the switching valve 7 are connected to the control device 32.
  • the control device 32 is connected to the compressor 3, the control device 32 being designed to start the compressor 3 and operate it with a selectable delivery rate, to limit the torque of the compressor and / or to reduce the delivery rate of the compressor or to switch off the compressor.
  • the output of the blower 22 can be regulated and the output can be specified by the control unit 32. In the illustrated switching position of the switching valve 7, heat is absorbed via the evaporator 2 and heat is emitted via the condenser 4.
  • the control unit 32 is designed to switch the heat pump 1 in an inverse state.
  • the control device 32 switches the switching valve 7 to a second switching position in which the fifth line 12 is connected to the second line 8 and the first line 6 is connected to the fourth line 11.
  • the evaporator 2 is operated as a condenser and the condenser 4 is operated as an evaporator.
  • the inverse state is used, for example, to warm up and defrost an iced condenser 4.
  • the circuit of the heat pump 1 is filled with the cooling medium.
  • the cooling medium is heated in the evaporator 2 by absorbing heat, for example from the air, via a flow through the fan 22 and is converted into a gaseous cooling medium, which is fed to an inlet of the compressor 3 via the first line 6, the switching valve 7 and the second line 8 becomes.
  • the separator 9 is provided in front of the inlet of the compressor 3, which separates liquid from the cooling medium or further dries the gaseous cooling medium before the gaseous cooling medium reaches the compressor 3 via the third line 10. According to the method described, the separator 9 can also be dispensed with and the second line 8 can be connected directly to the third line 10 and thus to the inlet of the compressor 3.
  • the compressor 3 compresses the gaseous cooling medium and forwards the compressed, heated gaseous cooling medium via the fourth line 11, the switching valve 7 and the fifth line 12 to the condenser 4.
  • the gaseous cooling medium condenses in the condenser 4 and gives off heat in the process.
  • the condensed, cooled and liquid cooling medium is fed from the condenser 4 via the sixth line 13 to the throttle 5.
  • the gaseous cooling medium expands.
  • the liquefied cooling medium is fed to the reservoir 15 via the seventh line 14.
  • a storage volume of liquid cooling medium is provided in the reservoir 15.
  • the liquid cooling medium is fed to the evaporator 2 via the eighth line 16 and the second valve 20 and the ninth line 21. If the first valve 18 is opened by the control device 32, then liquid cooling medium can be fed to the compressor 3 via the injection line 17. Depending on the embodiment selected, the injection line 17 can also be dispensed with.
  • the first temperature sensor 23 is provided in order to detect the ambient temperature in the area of the evaporator 2 and to forward it to the control unit 32.
  • the second temperature sensor 24 is provided in order to detect the temperature of the gaseous cooling medium in the suction area of the compressor.
  • the third temperature sensor 26 is provided in order to detect the temperature of the compressor 3, for example the housing temperature of the compressor 3 or the oil temperature of the compressor 3.
  • the fourth temperature sensor 28 is provided in order to detect the temperature of the compressed, hot gaseous cooling medium in the direction of flow after the compressor 3.
  • the fifth temperature sensor 29 is provided in order to detect the temperature at the condenser 4 so that the control unit 32 can detect icing of the condenser 4.
  • the sixth temperature sensor 30 is provided in order to detect the temperature of the at least partially liquid, supercooled cooling medium.
  • the seventh temperature sensor 31 is provided in order to detect the temperature of the supercooled, liquid cooling medium in the inlet to the evaporator 2.
  • the first pressure sensor 25 is provided in order to detect the pressure of the gaseous cooling medium in the flow direction upstream of the compressor 3 in the low-pressure range.
  • the second pressure sensor 27 is provided in order to detect the pressure of the gaseous cooling medium in the high pressure area in the direction of flow after the compressor 3.
  • the opening cross section of the throttle 5 can be controlled as a function of the temperature that is detected by the sixth temperature sensor 6.
  • the opening cross section of the second valve 20 can be controlled as a function of the temperature that is detected by the second temperature sensor 24.
  • the opening cross-section of the throttle 5 is controlled as a function of the temperature of the second temperature sensor 24.
  • the opening cross section of the second valve 20 is controlled as a function of the temperature of the seventh temperature sensor 31.
  • the opening cross section of the first valve 18 can be controlled as a function of the temperature that is detected by the fourth temperature sensor 28.
  • control device 32 can protect the heat pump 1, in particular the compressor 3, against overloading or damage.
  • the control device 32 detects the temperature of the cooling medium in the second line 8 in the inlet to the compressor 3 via the second temperature sensor 24. In addition, the control device 32 detects the pressure in the second line 8 via the first pressure sensor 25. The overheating of the gas with respect to the dew line in the second line 8 is determined by the control unit 32 as a function of the cooling medium used. This can be done, for example, using the diagram of the Figure 2 be performed. Corresponding tables, values and characteristic curves are stored in the memory 33 of the control device 32 for this purpose.
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of a working process of the heat pump 1, a logarithmic pressure p being plotted on the ordinate and a specific enthalpy h being plotted on the abscissa.
  • a dew line 34 is drawn in the diagram.
  • a critical point 35 is drawn in on the dew line, which separates a boiling line 36 from the dew line 34 at the maximum pressure of a wet steam region 37.
  • the dew line 34 separates the wet steam area 37 from the area of the superheated gas.
  • the boiling line 36 separates the area of the supercooled liquid from the wet steam area.
  • the cooling medium is in gaseous form at point A.
  • the temperature difference between point A and the state of the cooling medium at the same pressure on the dew line 34 corresponds to a superheating temperature.
  • the overheating temperature represents a value for overheating the gas.
  • the overheating temperature should have a minimum value in order to exclude the risk of liquid refrigerant appearing in the compressor.
  • the cooling medium is also in gaseous form at point B at a higher pressure and at a higher temperature.
  • the cooling medium is in a liquid state at point C.
  • the cooling medium is partly liquid and partly gaseous at point D.
  • the distance between point B and dew line 34 at the same pressure as at point B determines a second superheating temperature and can be used to influence the performance of the compressor.
  • the first overheating temperature of the cooling medium upstream of the compressor and / or the second overheating temperature after the compressor should not fall below certain limit values. These limit values are stored in a memory 33 of the control device 32, for example.
  • the control unit 32 can reduce the power of the compressor, in particular switch off the compressor.
  • corresponding programs or methods are stored in the memory 33 of the control device 32, which specify which control of the compressor is to be carried out at which temperature values.
  • control device 32 monitors the functioning of the temperature sensors and / or the pressure sensors. If, for example, a malfunction of the first and / or the second pressure sensor 25, 27 is detected by the control unit 32, the control unit 32 can reduce the output of the compressor 3 or, in particular, switch off the compressor 3 in order to prevent a malfunction of the heat pump and in particular an overload or damage to the Avoid compressor.
  • the control unit 32 uses the third temperature sensor 26 to detect the temperature of the compressor 3, for example the temperature of the housing of the compressor 3 and / or the temperature of an oil reservoir of the compressor 3.
  • the temperature can be detected by the control unit 32 when a heater for the compressor 3 is not active.
  • the temperature of the compressor detected by the control unit 32 can be used, for example, to suppress a start of the compressor.
  • To start the compressor it can be prescribed, for example, that the temperature of the compressor 3 is at least above a predetermined limit value.
  • the temperature of the compressor 3 must be greater than an ambient temperature by at least a differential value of, for example, 10 ° C.
  • other limit values can also be used.
  • control unit 32 can influence an opening behavior of the throttle 5 as a function of the temperature of the compressor 3.
  • the duration and / or an opening cross section of the throttle 5 can be controlled or regulated as a function of the temperature of the compressor 3.
  • corresponding tables or diagrams or characteristic curves can be stored in the memory 33 of the control device 32, which define the opening cross-section as a function of the temperature of the compressor.
  • the temperature of the compressor 3 can be taken into account by the control unit 32 in such a way that the output of the compressor 3 is reduced or the compressor 3 is switched off completely.
  • Characteristic curves or limit values can be stored for this purpose.
  • the power of the compressor 3 can be reduced, in particular the compressor 3 can be switched off, if the temperature of the cooling medium after the compressor 3 compared to the temperature of the cooling medium before the compressor 3 has a difference that is greater than a predetermined limit value.
  • corresponding values or characteristics or tables can be stored in the memory 33 of the control device 32.
  • the control unit 32 can also reverse the working process of the heat pump 1 by switching the switching valve 7 to a second state in which the switching valve 7 connects the fifth line 12 to the second line 8 and the fourth line 11 to the first Line 6 connects.
  • the evaporator 2 is used as a condenser and the condenser 4 as an evaporator.
  • the condenser 4 is preferably completely emptied into the reservoir 15 by opening the throttle 5, that is, the liquid cooling medium in the condenser 4 is completely emptied into the reservoir 15. In this way it is avoided that liquid cooling medium gets into the compressor and damages the compressor during the compression process.
  • the switching valve 7 is then switched to the second position.
  • the reservoir 15 has a sufficient volume to completely accommodate the cooling medium emptied from the condenser 4.
  • the throttle 5 is already opened before the switchover to drain the capacitor 4 when the speed of the compressor is slowly reduced to an output for the inverse operation for the switchover.
  • the control unit 32 monitors the torque generated by the compressor 3 when the compressor is started, that is to say when the compressor 3 is started up to a desired compression output or speed.
  • the torque can be measured, for example, with a torque sensor or estimated using a corresponding electrical power that the compressor 3 consumes.
  • the control unit 32 compares the torque applied by the compressor 3 with a limit value. If the applied torque is greater than the limit value, the control device 32 aborts the start phase and starts a start phase again after a predetermined period of time, for example a few seconds later.
  • an error signal can be generated by the control device 32 after a predetermined number of aborted start phases and output via output means 38, for example.
  • the start-up of the compressor 3 can be prevented by the control device 32 or only allowed again after an input has been made by an operator. In this way, damage to the compressor 3, for example due to the presence of liquid cooling medium in the compressor 3 or in the case of a frozen compressor 3, can be avoided.
  • control unit 32 can also control the torque of the compressor during normal operation of the heat pump 1 3 monitor and at least reduce the power of the compressor 3 or switch off the compressor 3 if the monitored torque is greater than a predetermined limit value. In this way, damage to the compressor 3, for example due to the penetration of liquid into the compressor 3, is avoided even during the operation of the compressor 3.
  • a limit value for the temperature upstream of the compressor, a limit value for the temperature after the compressor and, in addition, a time period for falling below the two temperatures can be stored. For example, if the temperature upstream of the compressor is below the limit temperature of 2 ° C. and the temperature downstream of the compressor is below a second limit temperature of 20 ° C. over a specified period of time of, for example, 10 minutes, the control unit 32 detects a malfunction and the output of the compressor reduced or the compressor switched off.
  • the control device 32 reduces an opening cross-section of the throttle 5 if the temperature of the compressor is not more than 10 ° C. above an expected condensation temperature that is stored in the memory 33 of the control device 32. If the compressor has a temperature which is in the range of the ambient temperature, the throttle 5 is reduced to a minimal cross section and then slowly increased until the temperature of the compressor has risen again to a range of about 15 ° C. above the ambient temperature.
  • the throttle is limited in the opening cross-section until the temperature of the compressor has risen to the temperature of the cooling medium at the compressor outlet.
  • a starting phase is aborted if the compressor generates more than a predetermined maximum torque during a predetermined period of time of, for example, 5 seconds.
  • the torque can be measured with a torque sensor or estimated from the power consumption of the electrically operated compressor.
  • a start process is then attempted again. For example, after five may be unsuccessful Starting processes, an alarm signal is generated and output by the control device 32.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Procédé pour commander une pompe à chaleur comprenant un compresseur, un condenseur, un étrangleur et un évaporateur, la température du compresseur étant détectée et une fonction de la pompe à chaleur étant commandée en fonction de la température du compresseur, caractérisé en ce qu'un démarrage du compresseur est inhibé lorsque la température détectée est inférieure à une première valeur limite.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, une section transversale d'ouverture de l'étrangleur étant fixée, notamment limitée en fonction de la température mesurée.
  3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, un fonctionnement du compresseur étant inhibé lorsque la température détectée est inférieure à une deuxième valeur limite.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, la température d'un fluide frigorigène étant détectée avant le compresseur dans le sens de l'écoulement et une capacité de refoulement du compresseur étant commandée, notamment réduite en fonction de la valeur détectée.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, la température d'un fluide frigorigène étant détectée après le compresseur dans le sens de l'écoulement et une capacité de refoulement du compresseur étant commandée, au moins réduite en fonction de la valeur détectée.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 4 et 5, la température étant détectée avec un capteur, un fonctionnement du capteur étant surveillé et au moins la puissance du compresseur étant réduite dans le cas d'un défaut de fonctionnement du capteur, le compresseur étant de préférence mis à l'arrêt.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, un couple du compresseur étant surveillé et, en cas de dépassement d'un couple prédéfini, un signal de défaut étant généré et/ou la puissance du compresseur étant au moins limitée, le compresseur étant notamment mis à l'arrêt.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, le couple lors d'une phase de démarrage du compresseur étant surveillé, la phase de démarrage étant interrompue lorsque le couple dépasse une valeur prédéfinie.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, une phase de démarrage étant de nouveau effectuée après une interruption de la phase de démarrage, et le démarrage du compresseur étant inhibé et un signal de défaut étant généré après un nombre prédéfini de phases de démarrage interrompues.
  10. Contrôleur, qui est configuré pour mettre en œuvre un procédé selon l'une des revendications 1, 2, 3, 7, 8 et 9.
  11. Contrôleur, qui est configuré pour mettre en œuvre un procédé selon l'une des revendications 4, 5 et 6.
  12. Pompe à chaleur (1), comprenant un compresseur (3), un condenseur (4), un étrangleur (5), un évaporateur (2), un contrôleur (32) selon la revendication 10 et un capteur de température (26) qui est configuré pour détecter une température du compresseur (3) et la communiquer au contrôleur (32).
EP14170062.5A 2013-07-16 2014-05-27 Procédé de commande d'une pompe à chaleur Active EP2827081B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013213885 2013-07-16
DE102013214059.2A DE102013214059A1 (de) 2013-07-16 2013-07-17 Verfahren zum Steuern einer Wärmepumpe

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EP2827081A2 EP2827081A2 (fr) 2015-01-21
EP2827081A3 EP2827081A3 (fr) 2015-04-15
EP2827081B1 true EP2827081B1 (fr) 2021-07-07

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CN106482379A (zh) * 2016-10-25 2017-03-08 重庆美的通用制冷设备有限公司 空调及其制冷系统

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DE102007038614A1 (de) 2006-08-21 2008-02-28 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren zum Überwachen eines Kompressionskältekreises
ES2620819T3 (es) * 2008-01-02 2017-06-29 Lg Electronics Inc. Sistema de acondicionamiento de aire
JP4854779B2 (ja) * 2009-12-09 2012-01-18 シャープ株式会社 空気調和機、膨張弁の開度制御方法およびプログラム
JP5108923B2 (ja) * 2010-09-09 2012-12-26 パナソニック株式会社 空気調和機
US20120067070A1 (en) * 2010-09-17 2012-03-22 Albertson Luther D Low temperature heat pump
JP5653451B2 (ja) * 2010-11-24 2015-01-14 三菱電機株式会社 ヒートポンプ式給湯装置

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EP2827081A2 (fr) 2015-01-21
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