EP2899460A1 - Heizeinheit, Heizvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Dampferzeugung aus einer Flüssigkeit und Erhitzen von Gas in einer Heizeinheit - Google Patents

Heizeinheit, Heizvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Dampferzeugung aus einer Flüssigkeit und Erhitzen von Gas in einer Heizeinheit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2899460A1
EP2899460A1 EP15152434.5A EP15152434A EP2899460A1 EP 2899460 A1 EP2899460 A1 EP 2899460A1 EP 15152434 A EP15152434 A EP 15152434A EP 2899460 A1 EP2899460 A1 EP 2899460A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluid container
heating
liquid
wall
heating unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP15152434.5A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2899460B1 (de
Inventor
Tuomo Juntunen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Loval Oy
Original Assignee
Loval Oy
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Loval Oy filed Critical Loval Oy
Publication of EP2899460A1 publication Critical patent/EP2899460A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2899460B1 publication Critical patent/EP2899460B1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/28—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically
    • F22B1/281—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically other than by electrical resistances or electrodes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H6/00—Combined water and air heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/28—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/28—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically
    • F22B1/284—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically with water in reservoirs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/40—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes
    • F24H1/43—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes helically or spirally coiled

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heating unit according to claim 1, and more particularly to a heating unit as defined in the preamble of independent claim 1.
  • the present invention relates also to a heating device according to claim 10, and more particularly to a heating device as defined in the preamble of independent claim 10.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for generating steam from liquid and heating gas in a heating unit according to claim 12, and more particularly to a method as defined in the preamble of independent claim 12.
  • a heating unit for heating gas and a separate heating unit for heating liquid are required.
  • the steam generation is typically achieved by boiling water with a heating element immersed in water.
  • Steam can be introduced into cooking chamber of bakery ovens or cooking appliances also by spraying water into the cooking chamber, either directly to atmosphere, on hot surfaces, onto the heating elements or onto the steam generating surfaces heated by hot air flow. All these alternatives have a limited steam generating capacity and the effect of short steam pulses is difficult to control. Additionally, thermal shocks caused by steam generation can cause deformation of the structures and consequent premature failure.
  • An object of the present invention is thus to provide a heating unit, a heating device and a method for generating steam and heating gas and so as to alleviate the above disadvantages.
  • the objects of the invention are achieved by a heating unit, a heating device and a method which is characterized by what is stated in the independent claims.
  • the preferred embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the dependent claims.
  • the invention is based on the idea of a compact heating unit for generating steam and heating gas either simultaneously or separately.
  • a heating unit for generating steam from liquid and for heating gas comprises a fluid container and a heating element.
  • the fluid container has a wall comprising an inner surface and an outer surface and the heating element is in contact with the wall of the fluid container.
  • the heating element is arranged to the wall such that liquid arranged in the fluid container is indirectly heated via the inner surface of the wall of the fluid container such that steam is generated from the liquid in the fluid container, and said heating element is also arranged to heat gas on the side of the outer surface of the wall of the fluid container, i.e. outside of the fluid container.
  • the heating element is arranged within the wall of the fluid container between the inner surface and the outer surface of the wall for indirectly heating gas outside of the fluid container, i.e. on the side of the outer surface of the wall of the fluid container.
  • a heating unit is arranged for generating steam from liquid and for heating gas in a heating unit such that the method comprises the steps of supplying liquid into the fluid container, supplying gas toward the heating unit and operating the heating element such that steam is generated from the liquid in the fluid container and/or that gas is heated outside the heating unit.
  • the steps of supplying liquid and supplying gas can be carried out simultaneously, separately or in sequence for generating steam and heating gas.
  • the heating element that is in connection with the wall of the fluid container heats the wall of the fluid container such that the inner surface of the wall which is in contact with the liquid conducts heat from the heating element through the wall to the liquid such that liquid boils and steam is generated.
  • the heating element is brazed, cast in the body of the fluid container or otherwise firmly connected to the fluid container.
  • the gas outside of the fluid container is heated with the energy that the outer surface of the fluid container transfers from the heating element arranged in contact with the fluid container.
  • the outer surface of the fluid container is preferably enlarged for intensifying the heating of the gas. The enlargement can be accomplished for example with ribs protruding from the outer surface of the wall of the fluid container.
  • the heating element may form at least part of said ribs.
  • the heating unit is arranged to heat the gas such that forced air convection is arranged onto the heating element which the heating element is arranged at least partly on the outer surface of the fluid container and air is arranged to flow perpendicularly toward a longitudinal axis of the heating unit.
  • the heating unit comprising the fluid container is preferably arranged such that the longitudinal axis goes through the fluid container from the bottom part of the fluid container to the top part of the fluid container.
  • the fluid container is preferably a flow-through container such that a channel or a passage is arranged through the container for liquid to enter the fluid container and the steam to exit the fluid container.
  • the idea of the invention is that the same heating unit is used for two different kind of heating process which can be operated simultaneously, in sequence or separately. Heating of the liquid is arranged such that the heating element is not directly in contact with the liquid but heating of the liquid is arranged via the wall of the fluid container such that heat transfer through the wall is so effective that the liquid in the fluid container boils and steam is generated.
  • the heating element is arranged on the outer surface of the fluid container or at least partly on the outer surface of the fluid container and is in contact with the wall of the fluid container in such a way that thermal energy is transferred through the wall of the fluid container from the outer surface of the wall of the fluid container to the inner surface of the wall of the fluid container and to the liquid in the fluid container such that the liquid heats up and starts to boil and generate steam.
  • air heating/radiant heating and steam generation are carried out separately or in sequence, but they can as well be carried out simultaneously.
  • the liquid level in the fluid container is arranged in a predetermined level by supplying liquid into the fluid container before or at the same time when the heating element starts to operate and heat the liquid for boiling it.
  • the volume of liquid in the container starts to decrease so that corresponding volume of liquid has to be brought into the fluid container so that the predetermined liquid level is maintained.
  • a liquid level controlling container which is in a fluid communication with the fluid container but in which the temperature is so low that the liquid does not boil and functions by virtue of the communicating vessel principle.
  • the heating device comprises a heating unit for generating steam from liquid and for heating gas.
  • the heating unit comprises a fluid container having a wall comprising an inner surface and an outer surface, and a heating element in contact with the wall.
  • the heating element is arranged to the wall such that liquid arranged in the fluid container is indirectly heated via the inner surface of the wall such that steam is generated from the liquid in the fluid container.
  • the heating element is arranged to heat gas on the side of the outer surface of the wall of the fluid container.
  • the fluid container comprises an inlet for the liquid to enter the fluid container and an outlet for steam to exit the fluid container.
  • the heating device further comprises a liquid connection for supplying liquid to the fluid container through the inlet and a fan for directing gas toward the heating unit.
  • the method further comprises the steps of providing a liquid level controlling container in a fluid communication with the fluid container and controlling liquid level in the fluid container by virtue of communicating vessel principle.
  • the liquid level in the fluid container is preferably maintained on a level which minimizes the splashing of liquid droplets away from the fluid container or prevents the liquid from boiling over the edge of the fluid container.
  • the upper part of the fluid container maintains a moderate temperature while the generated steam cools it on the way out of the fluid container.
  • the volume of liquid in the fluid container is controlled by virtue of the communicating vessel principle such that the heating unit may further comprise a liquid level controlling container which is a separate container and in a fluid communication with the fluid container for controlling the volume of liquid in the fluid container.
  • the liquid level in the fluid container is arranged to an optimum level and this level is kept during the evaporation process in which the steam is generated. If there is less than an optimum volume of liquid the temperature in the upper part of the fluid container in which there is no liquid will become too high. If there is too much liquid in the fluid container the boiling of the liquid will cause splashing of liquid which is an unfavorable situation. Keeping the optimum liquid level during the entire evaporation process is difficult when using conventional liquid level adjustment because in the conventional liquid level adjustment there is no clear liquid level but instead a two-phase system comprising liquid and gas. This problem can be solved with the communicating vessel principle.
  • the liquid level controlling container is arranged such that the liquid inside of said container does not boil. This way the control of the liquid level is much easier.
  • the heating unit further comprises a drop separator for preventing liquid drops escaping together with steam from a fluid container.
  • the drop separator is arranged at least partly inside the fluid container in the upper part of it and comprises plurality of flow restraints.
  • the drop separator is according to one embodiment of the invention separate from the fluid container and the flow restraints are connected together through a connection structure.
  • the drop separator is manufactured from a metal plate as a single piece and bet in the final form.
  • the drop separator is an integral part of the fluid container and said flow restraints are fixedly connected to an inner surface of the fluid container for preventing liquid droplets reaching the outlet of the fluid container.
  • the restraints are preferably made of plates and arranged inside the fluid container such that the plates directly or indirectly stop the movement of the liquid droplets.
  • the restraints are preferably arranged staggered or imbricated.
  • the number, the shape and the distance of restraints have to be modified according to the geometry of the fluid container so that the steam flow is not restricted excessively.
  • the drop separator can be made as a single piece that is cut of a metal plate and bent into the desired shape.
  • the restraints partly fill the cross-section of the fluid container such that the restraints are arranged at regular intervals to a ribbon or banded structure which forms a frame for the drop separator.
  • the restraints are arranged such that the steam stream will not be prevented too much but still the droplets are prevented from escaping the fluid container.
  • One embodiment of the drop separator is a structure that comprises three plates in a horizontal alignment in an approximately 2, 5 cm distance from each other. The form of the plate is preferably a half-circle. Another embodiment of the drop separator is such that the plate is half or more than half of the cross-section of the fluid container and comprises cut-outs, holes or otherwise shaped parts that prevent the drop from escaping. In another embodiment of the drop separator the plates are arranged in an inclined position to the fluid container.
  • the heating unit further comprises an intermediate tank in a fluid communication with the fluid container and with the liquid level controlling container for connecting said fluid container and said liquid level controlling container.
  • the intermediate tank may comprise an inlet for adding additional liquid to the fluid container and/or removing liquid from the fluid container.
  • This additional liquid can be for example decalcifying liquid for descaling the fluid container.
  • Figure 1 a shows one embodiment of the heating unit 1 according to the invention said heating unit 1 comprising a fluid container 2 and a heating element 3.
  • the heating element 3 is arranged on the outer surface of the wall of the fluid container 2 such that the heating element 3 and the fluid container 2 are in contact with each other for transferring the heat from the heating element 3 through the wall of the fluid container 2 to liquid inside the fluid container 2 such that the liquid starts to boil and steam is generated.
  • the heating element 3 is arranged on the outer surface of the fluid container such that gas flow arranged toward the heating element 3 is directly heated up with the heating element 3 and liquid arranged in the fluid container 2 is indirectly heated up with the heating element 3.
  • Figure 1b shows another embodiment of the heating unit 1 according to the invention in which the heating element 3 is arranged within the wall 20 of the fluid container 2 between the inner surface 21 and the outer surface 22 for indirectly heating gas on the outer surface of the fluid container 2 and indirectly heating the fluid arranged in the fluid container 2.
  • the heating element 3 may be arranged inside the wall 20 by casting or some other way.
  • FIG. 2 shows the same heating unit 1 as shown in figure 1 together with liquid level controlling container 4 as a sectional view.
  • the heating unit 1 comprises a heating element 3 arranged on the outer surface 22 of the wall 20 of the fluid container 2.
  • the heating element 3 is preferably brazed to the fluid container 2 such that a firm connection is formed.
  • the fluid container 2 is in a fluid communication with a liquid level controlling container 4 for controlling the liquid level in the fluid container 2. Liquid is added to the liquid level controlling container 4 wherefrom it goes through an inlet in the bottom 5 of the fluid container 2 and enters to the fluid container 2. When the liquid in the fluid container 2 boils steam is generated and the generated steam exits the fluid container 2 via outlet 2b on top of the fluid container 2.
  • Liquid droplets that are present in the steam exiting the fluid container 2 are removed from the steam with a drop separator 6 comprising restraints 7.
  • the restraints 7 are plate-like elements arranged in the inner surface 21 of the wall 20 of the fluid container 2.
  • the restraints 7 may also be of another form, for example a single piece drop separator 6 that is formed by bending a plate such that multiple different restraints 7 are formed in the separator 6 which can be attached to the fluid container 2 by hanging it in the outlet 2b or by attaching it in some other way.
  • 3 restraints 7 are arranged but the amount, size and shape may vary according to the shape and size of the fluid container 2.
  • an additional inlet in the fluid container 2 for adding for example decalcifying liquid to the fluid container 2 may be in some suitable place in between the fluid container 2 and the liquid level controlling container 4.
  • the heating device may comprise multiple heating units 1 arranged in series and communicating with the liquid level controlling container 4.
  • the heating element 3 can be electrically heated or it can be heated with fuel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
EP15152434.5A 2014-01-27 2015-01-26 Heizeinheit, Heizvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Dampferzeugung aus einer Flüssigkeit und Erhitzen von Gas in einer Heizeinheit Active EP2899460B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20145074A FI125460B (en) 2014-01-27 2014-01-27 Heating unit, heating device and method for generating vapor from liquid and heating gas in heating unit

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2899460A1 true EP2899460A1 (de) 2015-07-29
EP2899460B1 EP2899460B1 (de) 2020-10-21

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ID=52396549

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15152434.5A Active EP2899460B1 (de) 2014-01-27 2015-01-26 Heizeinheit, Heizvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Dampferzeugung aus einer Flüssigkeit und Erhitzen von Gas in einer Heizeinheit

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2899460B1 (de)
FI (1) FI125460B (de)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH094803A (ja) * 1995-06-22 1997-01-10 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 蒸気発生装置
JP2000266302A (ja) * 1999-03-17 2000-09-29 Shokuhin Sangyo Denshi Riyo Gijutsu Kenkyu Kumiai 蒸気発生器

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH094803A (ja) * 1995-06-22 1997-01-10 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 蒸気発生装置
JP2000266302A (ja) * 1999-03-17 2000-09-29 Shokuhin Sangyo Denshi Riyo Gijutsu Kenkyu Kumiai 蒸気発生器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2899460B1 (de) 2020-10-21
FI20145074A7 (fi) 2015-07-28
FI125460B (en) 2015-10-15

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