EP2898281B1 - Propellant charge loader, weapon and method for loading propellant charges - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a propellant charge applicator with a linearly movable along a Ansetzrichtung feed slide for supplying propellant charges in a scheduled position in the cargo space of a gun barrel. Another object of the invention is a weapon with such a propellant charge piecemeal. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for applying propellant charges in a cargo space of a gun barrel, wherein the propellant charges are fed via a linearly movable feed slider in a scheduled position in the cargo space.

Such propellants, weapon and method for applying propellants are for example GB202290 A known.

Especially in the field of large-caliber guns, such as artillery guns, divided ammunition is usually used, which consists of the actual projectile and ignitable to speed up the projectile propellant charges. In contrast to cartridged ammunition, the projectile and the propellant charges are thereby introduced separately into the weapon barrel of the weapon, so that it is possible to vary the amount of propellant depending on the situation.

For attaching the propellant charges in the gun barrel are usually propellant charge application used, which have a movable in Ansetzrichtung feed slider, through which the propellants are pushed from behind into the cargo space of the gun barrel.

Due to the spatial conditions of the cargo space of conventional weapon tubes, it is usually not possible to introduce the feeding slide in the cargo space. Rather, the movement of the feed slider is stopped abruptly in front of the rear end of the gun barrel, so that the accelerated over the feed slider propellant move solely due to the inertia of their mass in their scheduled position in the interior of the cargo space.

Such propellant charge can bring the propellant charges at high speed in the gun barrel, creating a quick firing with the weapon is possible. A disadvantage of such propellant charges, however, is that the propellant charges after insertion into the gun barrel due to the lack of contact with the feeder slide back out of the gun barrel can slide out, which can be a problem especially at larger elevation angles of the gun barrel.

The invention therefore has the task of preventing slipping out of the propellant charges from their position set in the gun barrel.

In a propellant charge applicator of the type mentioned, the object is achieved by a movable on the feeder slide retainer for securing the position of the propellant charges in their attached position.

In order to prevent the propellant charges from sliding out of the weapon barrel after being introduced into the barrel, the retainer can be moved in the direction of the propellant charges. About the retainer, the propellant charges can be kept in their scheduled position in the cargo space of the weapon, so that even with large elevation angles unintentional slipping out is not to be feared.

An advantageous embodiment provides that the retainer is pivotally articulated to the feed slider, so that the retainer can be activated with a pivoting movement.

It is particularly advantageous if the retainer can be transferred from a retracted feed position into a set-up restraint position. In the feed position of the retainer, the propellant charges can be introduced via the feed slider in the barrel. In the erected restraint position, the retainer may protrude in the manner of a holding finger of the feed slider. In this position, the retainer protrudes into the cargo space of the weapon and the propellant charges are held by attachment to the retainer in the cargo space of the gun barrel.

Preferably, the feed slide on a thrust surface over which the propellant charges can be pushed in the direction of attachment. The retainer can be folded in the feed position such that it forms at least a portion of the thrust surface. In the restraint position, the retainer can project from the feed slider such that only the retainer but not the feed slider is in contact with the propellant charges.

A further advantageous embodiment provides that the retainer, in particular via a spring, is biased in the direction of the retracted feed position. About the bias, the movement of the retainer can be generated in the direction of the feed position. It is therefore not necessary to provide drive elements for pivoting the retainer from the retaining position to the feed position.

In a hingedly hinged to the feed slider retainer, it has also proven to be advantageous if the retainer for transfer from the feed position to the rest position is pivotable by an angle of more than 90 °. In the restraint position, the retainer and the thrust surface of the feed slider may include an obtuse angle so that the retainer can not be pivoted back into the retracted feed position by the propellant charges applied against the retainer.

It is also advantageous if the retainer protrudes beyond the propellant charge receptacle in the restraint position in the attachment direction. By the supernatant can be achieved that the retainer extends into the cargo space of the gun barrel and can hold the propellant charges in the gun barrel.

It is constructively advantageous if the feed slide is guided in a guide in the propellant charge receptacle. About the leadership of the feed slide be forced in its movement in a linear path of movement along the Ansetzrichtung.

Also advantageous is an embodiment with an erection device, via which the movement of the feed slider can be transferred in an erecting movement of the retainer. About the Aufstellinrichtung the movement of the feeder can be used to set up the retainer. The set-up device is preferably designed without drive, so that it is not necessary to provide a separate drive for setting up the retainer.

In this case, it is particularly preferred if the raising movement can be triggered via a triggering element arranged on the propellant charge receptacle. The triggering element can be arranged on the propellant charge receptacle in such a way that the raising movement is automatically triggered when the supply pusher reaches the triggering element.

Moreover, it is advantageous if the trigger element is arranged in the end region of the feed path described by the feed movement of the feed slider, so that the raising movement of the retainer can be initiated in the end region of the feed path. It can thus be prevented that the retainer already sets up during the feed movement of the feed slide and possibly damage the propellant charges.

A further advantageous embodiment provides that on the retainer, a coupling element, in particular a rope, is connected in such a way that the triggering element can engage in the coupling element for setting up the retainer. The coupling element may be movable together with the feed slide in such a way that when the triggering element is reached with the triggering element interacts and initiates the erection movement. When designed as a rope coupling element, it is particularly advantageous if the trigger element is designed in the manner of a roll. The moving rope can be caught and stretched over the roller. Due to the tension of the rope, the retainer can be set up.

It has also proven to be advantageous if an overload protection is provided for the trigger element, so that an excessive force acting on the trigger element can not damage the trigger element.

Preferably, the triggering element is arranged movable in the direction of attachment against the force of a spring. By the spring, the force acting on the trigger element can be damped. The triggering element can be arranged on a carrier which is movable relative to the propellant charge receptacle and which is mounted spring-damped.

Embodiments of the propellant charge converter will first be described below, which further details relate to the mobility of the propellant charge intake, before then discussing further aspects of the propellant charge converter, such as a guide plate.

It is advantageous if the propellant charge receptacle on an elevation adjustment element for adjusting the elevation position of the weapon barrel is arranged to be translationally movable transversely to the attachment direction relative to the elevation adjuster element. About the elevation adjustment, the position of the propellant charge can be adapted to the elevation of the weapon barrel, so that the propellant charges can be applied in different directions of the weapon. Due to the translational mobility of the propellant charge this can be compared to the elevation adjuster be moved in a straight line from a position behind the barrel to a position next to the weapon and vice versa. Therefore, the movement of the propellant charge intake requires a much smaller space than is the case when pivoting the propellant charge, which is why the propellant charge can be used even in confined spaces.

Particularly advantageous is an embodiment in which the propellant charge receptacle is arranged to be movable perpendicular to the Ansetzrichtung, which results in addition to structural advantages, a short way the propellant charge from the position behind the weapon in the position next to the weapon.

A structurally advantageous embodiment of the propellant charge applicator provides that the elevation adjusting element is designed in the manner of a pivoting jib. By pivoting the pivot arm, the orientation of the propellant charge recording the directional position of the gun barrel can be tracked.

Preferably, the elevation adjustment element is pivotable about a pivot axis extending horizontally. To the horizontal pivot axis, the elevation adjuster can be directed in elevation and thus the propellant charge recording easily be adjusted. Particularly preferably, the pivot axis of the elevation adjusting element corresponds to the elevation aiming axis of the weapon barrel, resulting in a coaxial arrangement. An offset between the pivot axes of the gun barrel and the elevation adjuster is avoided, which has proven to be advantageous especially in terms of control technology.

Furthermore, it has been found to be advantageous if the propellant charge absorption via a connected to the elevation adjustment element movement means is translationally movable. By the connection of the movement means to the elevation adjustment element, the movement means is directed together with the Treiblandungsaufnahme on the elevation adjustment in elevation. In addition, the propellant charge uptake can be moved linearly with respect to the elevation adjustment element via the movement means, in particular in a direction parallel to the pivot axis of the elevation adjustment element, wherein the elevation movement and the transverse movement can also overlap to realize short loading times.

With regard to the actual piecing process, it has proven to be advantageous if the propellant charge receptacle is designed to be movable in the attachment direction. Due to the movement of the propellant charge intake in the direction of attachment, the propellant charges can be brought from a lying behind a bottom piece of the weapon position directly to the cargo space of the weapon. Here, the propellant charge can be moved by a provided in the bottom of the gun opening up to the cargo space of the weapon zoom, to then allow insertion of the propellant charges from the propellant charge in the gun barrel.

In this context, it is preferred if the movement means connected to the elevation adjustment element are arranged so as to be movable in the attachment direction along the elevation adjustment element. The movability of the movement means along the elevation adjustment element is advantageous insofar as the propellant charge absorption can be moved via the movement means both transversely to the attachment direction and in the attachment direction.

In order to shorten the duration of the piecing process, means are advantageously provided for increasing the relative speed of the propellant charge intake in the direction of attachment relative to the elevation adjuster.

Via the means for increasing the relative speed, it can be achieved that the relative speed of the propellant charge receptacle relative to the elevation adjuster element in the attachment direction is greater than the corresponding relative speed of the motive means. The propellant charges taken up in the propellant charge intake can therefore be introduced into the weapon barrel with a speed that is greater in comparison to the movement of the motive means, as a result of which short attachment times can be achieved.

It is particularly advantageous if the movement means has a lifting table for generating a lifting movement and a drive for actuating the lifting table. About the lift table, the propellant charge can be easily moved translationally. The propellant charge receptacle can be coupled to the lifting side of the lifting table, which is translationally movable relative to the drive side of the lifting table coupled to the drive.

In this context, an embodiment is advantageous in which the drive is connected via switching means to the lifting table in such a way that the lifting table is both actuatable and linearly movable via the drive. About the lift table two independent movements can be performed. By actuating the lifting table, the lifting side of the lifting table coupled to the propellant charge receptacle can be moved translationally relative to the drive side coupled to the elevation adjusting element. In addition, the lift table can be moved linearly, wherein the lift side and the drive side are moved in a common direction. Since the actuation of the lifting table and the linear movement of the lifting table are carried out via the same drive, it is not necessary to provide a plurality of separate drives for actuating and moving the lifting table, resulting in an overall simple structure.

In this context, it is preferred if the connection of the drive with the lifting table is designed such that the lifting table is movable transversely to its stroke direction. In this way, coupled to the lifting side of the lifting table propellant charge recording can be moved in two independent spatial directions.

Particularly preferably, the connection of the drive with the lifting table is designed such that the lifting table is movable as a unit. The lift table can be actuated via the drive as well as moved linearly as a whole.

In this case, an embodiment has proven to be advantageous in which the connection of the drive with the lifting table is designed such that the lifting table is either actuated or movable. The drive can either move only the stroke side of the lift table in the stroke direction or linearly move the lift table as a unit. About the switching means can be switched between the actuation of the lifting table and the movement of the lifting table. Preferably, the switching can take place automatically in an end position of the lifting movement of the lifting table, so that it is not necessary to initiate the switching from the outside, for example via a control signal. Alternatively, the connection of the drive with the lifting table can be designed such that the lifting table can be actuated and moved simultaneously, as a result of which non-linear courses of movement of the lifting side of the lifting table can be realized.

In connection with the lifting table, it has also proven to be advantageous if the lifting table has two scissor arms whose drive-side end is coupled to the switching means. The scissor arms can be pivotally connected to each other, so that generated by a pivoting movement of the scissor arms against each other, the lifting movement of the lifting table can be. The movement of the scissor arms can be controlled via the switching means coupled on the drive side.

It is advantageous if the drive-side end of a first scissor arm is translatorily fixed. The first scissor arm can be set translationally for actuating the lifting table, so that the pivoting of a second scissor arm relative to the first, fixed scissor arm triggers a lifting movement.

It is also advantageous if the drive-side end of the second scissor arm is translationally movable. If the drive-side end of the first scissor arm is fixed, the scissors can be closed and the lifting movement of the lifting table can be generated by translatory movement of the drive-side end of the second scissor arm. Preferably, the drive-side end of the second scissor arm is coupled via a spindle to the drive, so that the drive-side end of the second scissor arm can be moved translationally along the spindle.

Preferably, the definition of the drive-side end of the first scissor arm is detachably formed. By releasing the fixing, the drive-side end of the first scissor arm can be released for translational movement, whereby it is possible to move the lift table as a whole linearly.

Particularly preferably, the ends of the scissor arms are designed for linear movement of the lifting table against each other fixable. After releasing the fixing of the drive-side end of the first scissor arm, the drive-side end of the first scissor arm can be fixed relative to the drive-side end of the second scissor arm. The drive-side ends of the scissor arms can then be moved together with a fixed distance translational, so that the lifting table is moved linearly as a unit.

With regard to the movement of the lifting table, it has also proved to be advantageous if the movement of the ends of the scissor arms is guided in a drive-side guide, so that the ends perform a guided linear movement upon actuation of the drive.

A further advantageous embodiment provides that the switching means comprise a first form-fitting element, in particular a claw, for fixing the first scissor arm to the drive side of the movement means. The first form-fitting element can be positively connected to the end of the first scissor arm or to an element connected to the end of the first scissor arm, for example a guide element, in order to translate the first scissor arm to a fixed point. The first scissor arm can be pivotably coupled to the guide element, so that the first scissor arm can be pivoted in spite of the translational fixing for actuating the lifting table.

Preferably, the switching means further comprise a second positive locking element, in particular also a claw, which is arranged to be movable together with the drive-side end of the second scissor arm. About the second positive locking element, the drive-side ends of the two scissor arms for linear movement of the lifting table can be coupled together. For this purpose, the second form-fitting element can be connected to the drive-side end of the first scissor arm or to an element connected to the end of the first scissor arm, for example a guide element, in the manner of a driver. However, this is the connection before between the first positive locking element and the first scissor arm to solve.

Furthermore, the first positive locking element can be latched to the first scissor arm.

Preferably, the latching via the second positive locking element is releasable. For example, the second positive locking element can for this purpose be approximated to the first positive locking element, in order thereby to release the latching of the first scissor arm.

In order to prevent tilting of the propellant charges during attachment to the feed slide, the propellant charge receptacle may have a guide for the propellant charges.

To guide the propellant charges, it has also proven to be advantageous if the propellant charge applicator has a guide element for guiding the propellant charges when feeding in their set position, which is arranged in the direction of attachment relatively movable relative to the propellant charge recording. The propellant charge can be moved through a narrow opening in the tail of the weapon to the cargo space of the gun barrel zoom. When introducing the propellant charge receptacle into the end piece, the guide element can be moved backwards in the direction of attachment relative to the propellant charge receptacle such that the guide element remains outside of the end piece. It is therefore possible to introduce the propellant charges through a relatively narrow opening of the tail up to the cargo space, wherein the movements of the propellant charges are always guided in Ansetzrichtung.

In the following, further advantageous embodiments of the propellant charge applicator will be described, which relate to the guide element formed in particular as a guide plate.

It is advantageous if the guide element has a guide surface extending parallel to the attachment direction. The propellant charges moved in the direction of attachment can be guided in the direction of attachment via the guide surface.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the guide element is movably mounted on a guide axis arranged parallel to the attachment direction. By movement along the guide axis, the guide element can be moved translationally parallel to the Ansetzrichtung.

Preferably, the guide element is arranged to pivot with respect to the propellant charge receptacle, so that the guide element for introducing propellant charges into the propellant charge receptacle can be pivoted relative to the propellant charge receptacle.

In this context, it has proven to be structurally advantageous if the guide element is pivotally mounted about the guide axis. The guide shaft thus has a dual function, since the guide axis serves as a guide for the movement in the direction of the Ansetzrichtung and at the same time as a bearing for the pivotal movement of the guide member relative to the propellant charge.

Particularly advantageous is an embodiment in which the guide element is pivotable against the force of a spring, so that the guide element is always biased by the spring in the direction of the propellant charge received in the propellant charge recording.

According to a structural design, the guide element can be cup-shaped and adapted to the radius of the propellant charges such that a flat contact and thus good guidance results.

In a weapon of the type mentioned above, the object is achieved by a movable on the feed slide retainer for securing the position of the propellant charges in their attached position.

In order to prevent the propellant charges from sliding out of the weapon barrel after being introduced into the barrel, the retainer can be moved in the direction of the propellant charges. About the retainer, the propellant charges can be kept in their scheduled position in the cargo space of the weapon, so that even with large elevation angles unintentional slipping out is not to be feared.

In a method of the type mentioned, the object is achieved in that a arranged on the feed slider retainer for securing the position of the propellant charges is moved in their position set.

In order to prevent the propellant charges from sliding out of the weapon barrel after being introduced into the weapon barrel, the retainer is moved in the direction of the propellant charges. About the retainer, the propellant charges can be kept in their scheduled position in the cargo space of the weapon, so that even with large elevation angles unintentional slipping out is not to be feared.

All of the features described above in connection with the propellant charge applicator can be used alone or in combination also in the weapon or the method according to the invention.

Fig. 1

einen Treibladungsansetzer in perspektivischer Ansicht,

Fig. 2

eine Waffe mit einem Treibladungsansetzer gemäß Fig. 1 in perspektivischer Ansicht,

Fig. 3

eine der Darstellung in Fig. 2 entsprechende Ansicht von der anderen Seite her betrachtet,

Fig. 4-8

die Waffe gemäß Fig. 2 in perspektivischen Detailansichten zur Veranschaulichung des Ansetzvorgangs,

Fig. 9

den Treibladungsansetzer gemäß Fig. 1 in einer perspektivischen Ansicht, in welcher sich die Treibladungen in deren angesetzter Stellung im Ladungsraum der Waffe befinden,

Fig. 10

eine perspektivische Detailansicht des Treibladungsansetzers gemäß der Darstellung in Fig. 9,

Fig. 11

den Zuführschieber des Treibladungsansetzers mit aufgestelltem Rückhalter in perspektivischer Ansicht,

Fig. 12

eine der Darstellung in Fig. 11 entsprechende Ansicht von der anderen Seite her betrachtet,

Fig. 13

das Bewegungsmittel des Treibladungsansetzers in perspektiver Ansicht,

Fig. 14a

das Bewegungsmittel gemäß Fig. 13 in perspektiver Ansicht zur Veranschaulichung der Vorgänge beim Lösen der Festlegung des ersten Scherenarms,

Fig. 14b

eine der Darstellung in Fig. 14a entsprechende perspektivische Ansicht aus einer anderen Richtung betrachtet,

Fig. 15a

das Bewegungsmittel gemäß Fig. 13 in perspektiver Ansicht zur Veranschaulichung der Verfahrbewegung des Hubtischs,

Fig. 15b

eine der Darstellung in Fig. 15a entsprechende perspektivische Ansicht aus einer anderen Richtung betrachtet,

Fig. 16-18

einen Treibladungsansetzer in verschiedenen perspektivischen Ansichten, in welchen sich die Treibladungsaufnahme in einer Stellung neben der Waffe befindet,

Fig. 19-20

einen Treibladungsansetzer in verschiedenen perspektivischen Ansichten, in welchen sich die Treibladungsaufnahme hinter dem Waffenrohr befindet und

Fig. 21-22

einen Treibladungsansetzer in verschiedenen perspektivischen Ansichten zur Veranschaulichung der Bewegung der Treibladungsaufnahme in Richtung der Ansetzrichtung.

Further advantages and details of the propellant charge applicator, the weapon and the method for applying propellant charges will be described below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings. Show:

Fig. 1

a propellant charge applicator in perspective view,

Fig. 2

a weapon with a propellant charge according to Fig. 1 in perspective view,

Fig. 3

one of the illustration in Fig. 2 view from the other side,

Fig. 4-8

the weapon according to Fig. 2 in perspective detail views to illustrate the piecing process,

Fig. 9

the propellant charge according to Fig. 1 in a perspective view, in which the propellant charges are in their attached position in the cargo space of the weapon,

Fig. 10

a detailed perspective view of the propellant charge according to the representation in Fig. 9 .

Fig. 11

the feed slider of the propellant charge applicator with the retainer in perspective view,

Fig. 12

one of the illustration in Fig. 11 view from the other side,

Fig. 13

the moving means of the propellant charge converter in perspective view,

Fig. 14a

the moving means according to Fig. 13 in a perspective view for illustrating the processes when releasing the fixing of the first scissor arm,

Fig. 14b

one of the illustration in Fig. 14a corresponding perspective view viewed from another direction,

Fig. 15a

the moving means according to Fig. 13 in a perspective view to illustrate the movement of the lift table,

Fig. 15b

one of the illustration in Fig. 15a corresponding perspective view viewed from another direction,

Fig. 16-18

a propellant charge applicator in various perspective views, in which the propellant charge receptacle is in a position next to the weapon,

Fig. 19-20

a propellant charge applicator in various perspective views, in which the propellant charge is behind the gun barrel and

Fig. 21-22

a propellant charge applicator in various perspective views to illustrate the movement of the propellant charge intake in the direction of Ansetzrichtung.

In Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 is designed as an artillery gun, large-caliber weapon 1 with a gun only 101 shown in sections. The weapon 1 can be arranged, for example, on a military vehicle or a mobile or stationary weapon platform.

In order to be able to direct the weapon barrel 101 in azimuth, such weapon barrels 101 are mounted in a rotatable carriage, for example a rotatable tower of a military vehicle. For straightening the weapon barrel 101 in elevation, this is mounted pivotably about an elevation direction axis E, which extends along a shield 105 of the weapon 1.

The weapon 1 is operated with divided ammunition, which consists of the actual projectile and stored separately from the projectile propellant charges 8. The projectile and the propellant charges 8 are introduced separately into the weapon barrel 101 of the weapon, so that it is possible to select the amount of propellant depending on the number of propellant charges 8 depending on the situation. In the embodiment, modular propellant charges 8 are used which have a cylindrical shape and can be plugged together in the axial direction.

For attaching the propellant charges 8 in the barrel 101, ie for introducing the propellant charges 8 in the cargo space of the gun barrel 101, a propellant charge 2 is provided on the weapon 1, which in detail in Fig. 1 is shown.

The propellant charge converter 2 has a propellant charge receptacle 5, which is designed in the manner of a propellant charge shell and serves to receive a plurality of propellant charges 8. From the propellant charge intake 5, the propellant charges 8 can be introduced along the Ansetzrichtung A in the barrel 101. In order to be able to apply the propellant charges 8 independently of the elevation direction of the weapon barrel 101, the propellant charge applicator 2 has a propellant charge receptacle 5, which is tracked to the elevation direction of the weapon barrel 101.

The propellant charge receptacle 5 is for this purpose connected to an elevation adjustment element 3. The elevation adjustment element 3 is designed in the manner of a pivot arm, which is articulated on the pivot 105 of the weapon 1. The elevation adjustment element 3 is mounted pivotably about the elevation direction axis E of the weapon 1. Therefore, the position of the propellant charge recording 5 of elevation direction of the gun barrel 1 can be tracked so that the attachment of propellant charges 8 regardless of the directional position of the gun barrel 101 is possible. It is also possible, at the same time to direct the gun barrel 101 and still apply the propellant charges 8 during the directional movement, which can be implemented very fast firing.

In order to introduce the propellant charges 8, for example, from a propellant charge magazine of a vehicle or a weapon platform in the propellant charge 5, the propellant charge 5 can be pivoted about the elevation adjustment 3 in a position in which the propellant charge 5 has a different position from the direction of the weapon 1, which will be explained in more detail below.

For pivoting the elevation adjuster element 3, the propellant charge applicator 2 has a pivoting drive 300 which is connected via a drive motor 302 telescopic drive element 301 has. One end of the drive element 301 is connected to the elevation adjustment element 3 and the opposite end of the drive element 301 to the tower carrying the weapon 1. The elevation adjustment element 3 can be controlled and pivoted independently of the weapon barrel 101 via the pivot drive 300.

For introducing the propellant charges 8 into the weapon barrel 101, an axially movable feed pusher 6 is arranged on the propellant charge receptacle 5. By moving the feed gate 6, the propellant charges 8 are conveyed along the direction of attachment A in the direction of the cargo space 103 of the weapon barrel 101, wherein the movement of the propellant charges 8 is guided via a guide element 7. On the feed slider 8 and the guide member 7 will be discussed in more detail.

In Fig. 2 and 3 This position is taken to receive propellant charges 8 from a magazine or to release the area behind the gun barrel 101 for the return movement of the gun barrel 101. Due to the firing reaction forces occurring during firing, there is a considerable recoil movement of the barrel 101 and the bottom piece 102 of the weapon 1 arranged in the area behind the gun barrel. In order to prevent damage to the propellant charge propeller 2, the propellant charge receptacle 5 therefore becomes in the position shown in FIG Fig. 2 and 3 transferred.

Before discussing further details of the propellant charge converter 2, will be described below with reference to the Fig. 4-9 the processes when attaching the propellant charges 8 in the cargo space 103 of the weapon 1 are briefly outlined. First, the position of the propellant charge receptacle 5 is adjusted by pivoting the elevation adjusting element 3 to the elevation direction of the weapon barrel 101. From the in Fig. 4 shown position next to the weapon 1 or next to the gun barrel 101, the propellant charge recording 5 is then in the in Fig. 5 shown position behind the gun barrel 101 spent. Starting from this position, the propellant charge receiver 5 is then moved in the direction of the Ansetzrichtung A of the propellant charges 8. As in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 can be seen, the propellant charge receptacle 5 is thereby brought up through an opening 104 of the bottom piece 102 to the cargo space of the weapon 1. In a further step, the propellant charges are then transported via the feed slide 6 in the cargo space, see. Fig. 8 and 9 ,

To be able to transfer the propellant charge receptacle 5 from the position next to the weapon 1 into the position behind the weapon barrel 101 and vice versa in cramped installation situations, the propellant charge receptacle 5 is arranged to be translationally movable transversely to the attachment direction A relative to the elevation adjustment element 3.

The propellant charge receptacle 5 can be transferred directly in a straight line from the position behind the weapon barrel 101 into the position next to the weapon 1 and vice versa. This offers an advantage over those solutions which provide for pivoting the propellant charge receptacle 5 from the position behind the weapon barrel 101 to the position next to the weapon barrel 101, since only a substantially cubic clearance is required for the movement of the propellant charge receptacle 5.

At the in Fig. 1 illustrated propellant charge applicator 2, the translational movement of the propellant charge receiver 5 is carried out with respect to the elevation adjustment element 3 via a connected to the elevation adjuster 3 Movement means 4. The movement means 4 is connected to the elevation adjustment element 3 in such a way that the propellant charge receptacle 5 of the in Fig. 4 shown position next to the weapon 1 linear in the in Fig. 5 shown position can be transferred, from which the propellant charges 8 can be introduced in Ansetzrichtung A in the barrel 101.

The moving means 4 has as an essential element a lifting table 400 for generating a lifting movement and a drive 410 for actuating the lifting table 400, which is described below with reference to the illustrations in FIG Fig. 4 to Fig. 9 will be explained in more detail.

In the position according to Fig. 4 the propellant charge receiver 5 is initially in a position next to the weapon 1. In this position, the propellant charges 8 can be inserted by hand or via a supply automatic from a propellant charge magazine into the propellant charge receptacle 5. In this case, it is not necessary to completely equip the propellant charge receptacle 5 with a total of six propellant charges 8 in the exemplary embodiment. Rather, fewer propellant charges 8 can be introduced into the propellant charge receptacle 5.

In order to facilitate the introduction of the propellant charges 8 in the propellant charge receptacle 5, the guide member 7 is pivotally hinged to the propellant charge receptacle 5. The guide member 7 can be pivoted away for loading the propellant charge receptacle 5 against the force of a spring 700 to the side to provide the space required for inserting the propellant charges 8. On the guide element 7, a nose 701 is provided, via which the guide element 7 can be pivoted. The nose 701 may, for. B. interact with an opening element not shown in the figures.

In order to transfer the propellant charge intake 5 together with the propellant charges 8 into a position behind the bottom piece 102 of the weapon 1, the movement means 4 is actuated. In this case, the lifting table 400 of the moving means 4 is extended via the drive 410. The arranged on the lifting side of the lifting table 400 propellant charge receptacle 5 is thereby translationally moved in a small space in a direction of movement B, which is aligned perpendicular to the Ansetzrichtung A of the propellant charges 8.

From the in Fig. 5 shown position behind the bottom piece 102 of the weapon 1, the propellant charge receptacle 5 is then moved in Ansetzrichtung A on the bottom piece 102 to. In order to move the propellant charge receptacle 5 in the attachment direction A, the movement means 4 is moved linearly along the elevation adjustment element 3. The moving means 4 or the lifting table 400 is moved as a unit together with the arranged on this propellant charge receptacle 5 in Ansetzrichtung A.

It should be emphasized in this connection that the drive 410 is connected to the lifting table 400 via switching means to be described in detail in such a way that the lifting table 400 can be actuated both linearly and linearly via the drive 410. translatory, is movable. This has the advantage that only one drive 410 is required for actuating the lifting table 400 and for moving the lifting table 400 along the elevation adjusting element 3. The propellant charge converter 2 has only one drive 410 for movement of the propellant charge receptacle 5 in the direction of attachment A and transversely to the Ansetzrichtung A, resulting in a simple structure.

The connection between the drive 410 and the lifting table 400 is designed such that the lifting table 400 can be moved transversely to its stroke direction B. is. The lifting table 400 can be moved linearly as a unit via the drive 410. For this purpose, switching means are provided, via which the lifting table 400 is connected to the drive 410. The switching means for connecting the drive 410 with the lifting table 400 are designed such that the lifting table 400 is either actuated or movable, which will be discussed in more detail below.

In the illustrations according to Fig. 6 and 7 is the propellant charge receptacle 5 in a position in which it is partially driven through an opening 104 in the bottom piece 102 in the bottom piece 102. In this position, the propellant charge receptacle 5 is moved up through the bottom piece 102 to the rear end of the weapon barrel 101, so that the propellant charge receptacle 5 bears directly against the charge chamber end of the weapon barrel 101. Starting from this position, the propellant charges 8 can be pushed over the feed slide 6 from the propellant charge receptacle 5 into the charge space 104.

As the representations in Fig. 6 and 7 can be seen further, the propellant charge applicator 2, a guide member 7, via which the propellant charges 8 are held and guided during their movement in Ansetzrichtung A in the propellant charge receptacle 5. The guide element 7 is arranged relative to the propellant charge receptacle 5 in the attachment direction A, so that it can be moved when inserting the propellant charge receptacle 5 in the bottom piece 102 relative to the propellant charge receptacle 5 and thus remain outside of the bottom piece 102. Further details of the guide element 7 will be described in more detail.

The feeding of the propellant charges 8 in their scheduled position in which they are in the interior of the cargo space 103 of the gun barrel 101 with a located at a certain distance to the rear opening of the cargo space is carried out in the propellant charge converter 2 via the in the propellant charge receiving 5 axially guided feed slide 6, which consists of the in Fig. 6 shown position at the rear end of the propellant charge recording 5 in the in Fig. 8 and 9 shown position at the front, charge space side end of the propellant charge receptacle 5 is movable. About a provided on the feed slide 6 thrust surface the propellant charges 8 are pushed along the propellant charge receptacle 5 in Ansetzrichtung A in the cargo space. Here, the propellant charges 8 are accelerated so that they are spent alone due to their inertia without further action of Zuführschiebers 6 on the charge side end of the propellant charge receptacle 5 out into the cargo space 103 of the gun barrel 101.

In order to prevent the propellant charges 8 from slipping back out of the gun barrel 101 from their attached position, a movably arranged retainer 601 is provided on the feed slider 6, via which the propellant charges 8 can be secured in position in their set position.

As in Fig. 10 shown, the retainer 601 is pivotally hinged about a pivot axis R on the feed slider 6. The pivot axis R is located at the upper end of the feed slide 6. In the retracted feed position, which in Fig. 1 is shown, the retainer 601 is oriented substantially perpendicular to the Ansetzrichtung A. The retainer 601 is overall fork-shaped and has two prongs 608, 609. The tines 608, 609 are arranged in the feed position such that they form an enlargement of the thrust surface of the feed slide 6. The enlargement is due to the fact that the tines 608, 609 are in the feed position in the area adjacent to the thrust surface of the feed slide 6.

The retainer 601 can from the folded feed position in the in Fig. 10 shown erected retention position. The pivoting angle between the feed position and the retaining position of the retainer 601 is more than 90 °. This has the advantage that the propellant charge 8 applied to the retainer 601 can not pivot the retainer 601 out of the retaining position in the direction of its feed position. The propellant charge 8 is prevented from collapsing the retainer 601.

In order to keep the propellant charges 8 in their attached position in the cargo space 103 of the weapon 1, the retainer 601 is further designed such that it protrudes forward in the restraint position on the propellant charge receptacle 5, see. Fig. 9 and 10 , It is therefore not necessary to move the feed slide 6 beyond the charge-space-side end of the propellant charge receptacle 5 in order to keep the propellant charges 8 in a defined position in the weapon barrel 101.

To set up the retainer 601, an erection device is provided on the feed slide 6, via which the movement of the feed slide 6 in the application direction A can be converted into an erection movement of the retainer 601. This set-up is to be described below with particular reference to the Fign.10-12 be explained in more detail.

The feed slide 6 is guided in a guide 503 of the propellant charge receptacle 5 along the Ansetzrichtung A and a threaded spindle 507 movable. For this purpose, the feed slide 6 has a guide slide 606 designed in the manner of a spindle nut, which is seated on the threaded spindle 507. The threaded spindle 507 is coupled to a drive 509, cf. Fig. 11 and 12 , The drive 509 is firmly connected to the propellant charge intake 5.

At the propellant charge receptacle 5, a trigger element 504 is also arranged, via which the raising movement of the retainer 601 can be triggered. The triggering element 504 is designed in the manner of a roller, by way of which a coupling element 602 designed as a cable and connected to the retainer 601 can be captured in the direction of attachment A during the movement of the feeding slider 6. The coupling element 602 is connected to the retainer 601 in such a manner that the retainer 601 can be set up by pulling against the coupling element 602 against the force of a spring 603. As Fig. 10 can be seen, the coupling element 602 is fixed to a connection point 605 on the retainer 601 and extends over a pulley 604 to a further connection point 607 on the guide carriage 606 of the feed slide 6, see. Fig. 12 ,

The triggering element 504 is arranged on the propellant charge receptacle 5 in such a way that it can engage the cable 602 as soon as the cable 602 moved with the feed pusher 6 is moved into the region of the triggering element 504. The trigger element 504 catches the rope 602 as in FIG Fig. 11 and 12 shown pulls due to the relative movement of the cable 602 and thus sets the retainer 601 on. So that the setting-up operation of the retainer 601 takes place at the end of the feed path described by the feed movement of the feed slider 6, ie in the region of the charge chamber-side end of the propellant charge receiver 5, the trigger element 502 is arranged in the end region of the feed path.

Furthermore, an overload protection for the trigger element 504 is provided. As the illustration in Fig. 12 can be seen, the trigger element 504 on the propellant charge receptacle 5 is not rigid, but movable against the force of a spring 506, disposed on the propellant charge receptacle 5. For this purpose, the triggering element 504 is arranged on a carrier 505 which is in the direction of attachment movably guided in the propellant charge receptacle 5. The trigger element 504 is movable together with the carrier 505 in the direction of attachment A against the force of a spring 506, which is designed as a tension spring. As a result, the force is limited to the trigger element 504 or the force applied by this to the cable 602 force.

In order to transfer the retainer 601 from the erected restraint position back into the feed position, the retainer 601 is biased in the direction of the retracted feed position. The bias is via a spring 603, which is designed in the manner of a torsion spring and is arranged coaxially to the pivot axis R of the retainer 601. Due to the bias, it is not necessary to provide a drive to move the retainer 601 from its retainer position to its feed position.

The following are based on the representations in the Fig. 13 to 15 Further details of the moving means 4 and provided on the moving means 4 switching means 421, 422 for coupling the lifting table 400 to the drive 410 will be described.

Like the illustration in Fig. 13 shows, the lifting table 400 is formed as a scissor table. The lift table 400 has two scissor arms 401, 402 which are pivotally connected to each other and extend between a drive side and a lift side of the lift table 400. The lifting side of the lifting table 400 is coupled to the propellant charge receptacle 5 so that the propellant charge receptacle 5 can be moved linearly with respect to the drive side of the lifting table connected to the elevation adjuster 3. The stroke-side ends of the scissor arms 401 and 402 are pivotally mounted in the propellant charge receptacle 5 in a sliding bearing 403, 404, respectively. The slide bearings 403, 404 are arranged linearly movable in the propellant charge receptacle 5, see FIG that the distance of the stroke-side ends of the scissor arms 401, 402 may change during the actuation of the lifting table 400.

The scissor arms 401, 402 are designed in the manner of double scissor arms, which each have two parallel arranged, over several axes 423, 424 interconnected legs. The two legs of the second scissor arm 402 are connected by a plate 405.

On the side of the elevation adjustment element 3 is the drive side of the lift table 400. The drive-side ends of the scissor arms 401 and 402 are coupled to switching means 421, 422 to be described in more detail below, cf. Fig. 13 ,

The drive end of the first scissor arm 401 is pivotally mounted about an axis 423. The axis 423 is connected via a fork-like strut 409 with a guide element 425, which is guided linearly in the elevation adjustment element 3. On the guide element 425 is designed as a bolt 426 locking element is provided, in which in the in Fig. 13 shown position a positive locking element 421 engages latching. The form-locking element 421 is designed in the manner of a claw, which surrounds the bolt 426. The interlocking element 421 is pivotally mounted in a bearing 308 which is fixedly connected to the elevation adjusting element 3. About the form-locking element 421, the drive-side end of the first scissor arm 401 can be set translationally with respect to the elevation adjustment element 3.

The drive-side end of the second scissor arm 402 is designed to be translationally movable. For this purpose, the scissor arm 402 is connected via an axis 424 with a spindle nut 412, which is seated on a threaded spindle 411. The threaded spindle 411 is coupled to the drive 410. By moving the drive-side end of the second scissor arm 402 in the direction of the drive-side end of the first scissor arm 401 of the lifting table 400 can be actuated or the scissors are clamped. The end of the second scissor arm 402 is moved counter to the Ansetzrichtung A. Here, the lift table from the in Fig. 13 shown position in a position according to Fig. 14a in which the lifting side of the lifting table 400 is disposed away from the elevation adjusting element 3. The drive-side ends of the scissor arms 401, 402 are in this position both in the region of an end face 304 of the elevation adjustment element 3. One of the lateral representation in FIG Fig. 14a corresponding supervision on the front side 304 shows Fig. 14b ,

As will be described in detail below, the fixing of the drive side end of the first scissor arm 401 can be solved to move the lift table 400 as a whole.

For this purpose, the fixing of the first scissor arm 401 is achieved by the first positive locking element 421 via the second positive locking element 422. The second positive locking element 422 is biased by a spring 428 in a downwardly pivoted position. As a result of the movement of the drive side end of the second scissor arm 402 toward the drive side end of the first scissor arm 401, the second interlocking member 422 comes into contact with the first interlocking member 421. The first interlocking member 412 has an inclined control surface 429 which is in contact with a bracket 432 of the second positive locking element occurs. In this case, the positive-locking element 421 is set up in such a way that it is lifted off the bolt 426 of the guide element 425. The locking of the first positive locking element 421 with the bolt 426 is released. The first scissor arm 421 is thus released for translational movement.

In the same train the end of the first scissor arm 401 is fixed relative to the end of the second scissor arm 402. The second positive locking element 422 has a guide surface 430, which slides during the movement of the second positive locking element 422 in the direction of the first positive locking element 421 via the bolt 426. As a result, the second positive locking element 422 is pivoted upwardly and locked with the bolt 426. The ends of the scissor arms 401, 402 are fixed against each other and can be translated translationally with a defined distance.

As soon as the ends of the two scissor arms 401, 402 are coupled to one another via the switching means 421, 422, the drive direction of the drive 410 is reversed. The lifting table 400 is moved via the drive 410 in the direction of attachment A. The movement of the ends of the scissor arms 401, 402 is guided on the drive side via the threaded spindle 411. The lift table 400 is moved from the in Fig. 14a shown position in a position Fig. 15a drawn. The Fig. 15b shows one of the Fig. 15a corresponding view on the end face 304 of the elevation readjustment element 3. It can be seen that the form-fitting element 422 is in engagement with the bolt 426 of the guide element 425. The drive-side end of the first scissor arm 401 is thus moved via the second positive-locking element 422 in the direction of the drive 410.

The released first positive locking element 421 is biased by a spring 427 such that it is pressed in a downwardly pivoted position, see. Fig. 15a , In order to lock the first positive locking element 421 again with the bolt 426 of the guide element 425, it is necessary to reverse the drive direction of the drive 410 again and thus to move the lifting table 400 in the direction of the first positive locking element 421.

When retracting the lifting table 400 against the Ansetzrichtung A, the second positive locking element 422 is guided with its control surface 430 on the bracket 431 of the first positive locking element 421, whereby the second positive locking element 422 is pivoted upwards and thus solved the locking of the second positive locking element 422 with the bolt 426 becomes. At the same time, the first positive locking element 421 is guided via its control surface 429 via the bolt 426 and pivoted upwards. The positive-locking element 421 latches with the bolt 426 and fixes the drive-side end of the first scissor arm 421 to the elevation adjustment element 3.

As already described above, the propellant charge receptacle 5 is movably arranged in the attachment direction A on the elevation adjustment element 3. In order to increase the relative speed of the propellant charge receptacle 5 in the direction of attachment A with respect to the elevation adjustment element 3, means for increasing the relative speed are provided in the propellant charge applicator 2, which are to be described in detail below.

The increase in the relative speed takes place in the propellant charge applicator 2 according to the embodiment via arranged between the elevation adjuster 3 and the propellant charge receptacle 5 ropes 451 and 452, which in detail in the Fig. 19 and 20 are shown. The first cable 451 serves to accelerate the propellant charge receptacle 5 in the attachment direction A. The second cable 452 is provided to increase the speed of the propellant charge receptacle 5 counter to the Ansetzrichtung A.

As the illustration in Fig. 19 can be seen, the first cable 451 is connected to a connection point 501 on the propellant charge receptacle 5. The cable 451 extends over a deflection roller 457 on the sliding bearing 404 of the second scissor arm 402 in the propellant charge receptacle 5 via a deflection roller 455 in FIG Area of the pivot axis of the scissor arms 401 and 402 to another guide roller 453 in the region of the end of the first scissor arm 401, see. Fig. 15b , Starting from the guide roller 453, the cable 451 extends parallel to the threaded spindle 411 of the movement means 4 to a connection point 305 in the region of the end face 304 of the elevation adjustment element 3. About the cable 451 can speed doubling the propellant charge 5 with respect to the elevation adjustment 3 in the movement of the lift table 400th take place in Ansetzrichtung.

The second cable 452 is connected to the propellant charge receptacle 5 at a connection point 502, cf. Fig. 20 , The cable 452 extends from the connection point 502 via a deflection roller in the region of the sliding bearing 404 of the second scissor arm 402 via a deflection roller 456 in the region of the pivot axis of the pivot arms 401 and 402 to a deflection roller 454 in the region of the end of the first scissor arm 401, cf. Fig. 15b , Starting from the deflection roller 454, the cable 452 furthermore runs parallel to the drive spindle 411 in the direction of the drive 410. The attachment point of the second cable 452 lies in the region of the drive 410 on the elevation adjustment element 3 and is concealed in the figures. On the basis of the second cable 452, the speed of the propellant charge receptacle 5 can be doubled with respect to the elevation adjuster element 3 in the movement counter to the attachment direction A.

Finally, it will be discussed in more detail on the guide element 7, which is arranged on the propellant charge receptacle 5. This is based on the representations in Fig. 16-22 Referenced.

As the representations in Fig. 16-18 can be seen, the guide element 7 is a total of bowl-shaped. The guide element 7 has a guide surface 702, which runs parallel to the Ansetzrichtung A. The propellant charges can be guided along the guide surface 702 guided in the direction of the gun barrel 101.

In addition, the propellant charges 8 received in the propellant charge receptacle 5 can be secured in position during the movement of the propellant charge receptacle 5 from a position next to the weapon 1 to a position behind the weapon 1 via the guide element 7.

As in the comparison of the representations in Fig. 19 . 20 and Fig. 21 . 22 can be seen, the guide member 7 is movably mounted on a parallel to the Ansetzrichtung A guide axis F, so that the guide member 7 is moved in the process of propellant charge 5 in the direction of the charge space 103 relative to the propellant charge 5 backwards.

In addition, the guide element 7 is arranged pivotably about this guide axis F on the propellant charge receptacle 5. The guide element 7 can be pivoted relative to the propellant charge receptacle 5 in order to introduce propellant charges 8 into the propellant charge receptacle 5. The guide element 7 is biased by a spring 700 so that the guide element 7 is pressed onto the propellant charges 8 received in the propellant charge receptacle 5. This results in an improved guidance of the propellant charges 8 during the piecing process.

The above-described weapon 1 and the propellant charge applicator 2 have a linearly movable along the Ansetzrichtung A Zuführschieber 6 for supplying propellant charges 8 in a scheduled position in the cargo space 103 of the gun barrel 101, on which a retainer 601 for securing the position of the propellant charges 8 in their attached position is movably arranged.

About the retainer 601, the propellant charges 8 can be kept lower in the attached position in the interior of the cargo space 103 of the weapon 1, so that even with large elevation angles unintentional slipping out is not to be feared.

Reference numerals:

1

weapon

2

Treibladungsansetzer

3

Elevationsnachstellelement

4

means

5

Propellant charge acceptance

6

feed pusher

7

guide element

8th

propellant

101

barrel

102

breech

103

cargo space

104

opening

105

trunnion

300

Rotary actuator

301

driving element

302

drive motor

304

front

305

access point

307

access point

308

camp

400

Lift table

401

Scherenarm

402

Scherenarm

403

bearings

404

bearings

405

sheet

409

strut

410

drive

411

screw

412

spindle nut

421

Form-fitting element

422

Form-fitting element

423

axis

424

axis

425

guide element

426

bolt

427

feather

428

feather

429

control surface

430

control surface

431

hanger

432

hanger

451

rope

452

rope

453

idler pulley

454

idler pulley

455

idler pulley

456

idler pulley

457

idler pulley

458

idler pulley

501

access point

502

access point

503

guide

504

triggering element

505

carrier

506

feather

507

spindle

509

drive

601

restrainer

602

rope

603

feather

604

idler pulley

605

access point

606

guide carriage

607

access point

608

prong

609

prong

700

feather

701

nose

A

attachment direction

B

movement direction

e

Elevation sight axis

F

guide axis

R

swivel axis

Claims (15)

1. Propellant charge loader with a feeding slide (6), which is movable linearly along a loading direction (A), for feeding propellant charges (8) into a loaded position in the charge chamber (103) of a weapon barrel (101), characterized by a retainer (601), which is arranged movably on the feeding slide (6), for securing the position of the propellant charges (8) in their loaded position.
2. Propellant charge loader according to Claim 1, characterized in that the retainer (601) is coupled pivotably to the feeding slide (6).
3. Propellant charge loader according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that the retainer (601) is transferable from a retracted feeding position into an erected retaining position.
4. Propellant charge loader according to Claim 3, characterized in that the retainer (601) is prestressed in the direction of the retracted feeding position, in particular via a spring (603).
5. Propellant charge loader according to either of Claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the retainer (601) is pivotable by an angle of more than 90° for the transfer from the feeding position into the retaining position.
6. Propellant charge loader according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a propellant charge receptacle (5) for receiving the propellant charges (8), along which the feeding slide (6) is movable.
7. Propellant charge loader according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the retainer (601) protrudes over the propellant charge receptacle (5) in the retaining position.
8. Propellant charge loader according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by an erecting device via which the movement of the feeding slide (6) is transferable into an erecting movement of the retainer (601).
9. Propellant charge loader according to Claim 8, characterized in that the erecting movement is triggerable via a triggering element (504) arranged on the propellant charge receptacle (5).
10. Propellant charge loader according to Claim 9, characterized by overload protection for the triggering element (504).
11. Propellant charge loader according to either of Claims 9 or 10, characterized in that the triggering element (504) is arranged so as to be movable in the loading direction counter to the force of a spring (506).
12. Propellant charge loader according to one of Claims 6 to 11, characterized in that the propellant charge receptacle (5) is arranged on an elevation adjustment element (3) for adjusting the elevation position of the weapon barrel (101) so as to be movable in a translatory manner in relation to the elevation adjustment element (3) transversely with respect to the loading direction (A).
13. Propellant charge loader according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a guide element (7) for guiding the propellant charges (8) during the feeding into the loaded position, said guide element being arranged so as to be movable relative to the propellant charge receptacle (5) in the loading direction (A).
14. Weapon with a weapon barrel (101) and a propellant charge loader (2) according to one of the preceding claims.
15. Method for loading propellant charges (8) into a charge chamber (103) of a weapon barrel (101), wherein the propellant charges (8) are fed via a linearly movable feeding slide (6) into a loaded position in the charge chamber (103), characterized in that a retainer (601) which is arranged movably on the feeding slide (6) is moved in order to secure the position of the propellant charges (8) in their loaded position.

Images