EP0450373B1 - Loading mechanism for guns, especially armoured howitzers - Google Patents

Loading mechanism for guns, especially armoured howitzers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0450373B1
EP0450373B1 EP91104084A EP91104084A EP0450373B1 EP 0450373 B1 EP0450373 B1 EP 0450373B1 EP 91104084 A EP91104084 A EP 91104084A EP 91104084 A EP91104084 A EP 91104084A EP 0450373 B1 EP0450373 B1 EP 0450373B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
support
mechanism according
loading
spring
chain
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91104084A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0450373A1 (en
Inventor
Josef Dr. Jörg
Rudolf Bobinger
Wolfgang Eyb
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinmetall Landsysteme GmbH
Original Assignee
KUKA Wehrtechnik GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by KUKA Wehrtechnik GmbH filed Critical KUKA Wehrtechnik GmbH
Priority to AT91104084T priority Critical patent/ATE101260T1/en
Publication of EP0450373A1 publication Critical patent/EP0450373A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0450373B1 publication Critical patent/EP0450373B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
    • F41A9/38—Loading arrangements, i.e. for bringing the ammunition into the firing position
    • F41A9/39—Ramming arrangements
    • F41A9/42—Rammers separate from breech-block
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
    • F41A9/01—Feeding of unbelted ammunition
    • F41A9/06—Feeding of unbelted ammunition using cyclically moving conveyors, i.e. conveyors having ammunition pusher or carrier elements which are emptied or disengaged from the ammunition during the return stroke
    • F41A9/09—Movable ammunition carriers or loading trays, e.g. for feeding from magazines
    • F41A9/10—Movable ammunition carriers or loading trays, e.g. for feeding from magazines pivoting or swinging
    • F41A9/13—Movable ammunition carriers or loading trays, e.g. for feeding from magazines pivoting or swinging in a vertical plane
    • F41A9/16—Movable ammunition carriers or loading trays, e.g. for feeding from magazines pivoting or swinging in a vertical plane which is parallel to the barrel axis

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for loading tubular weapons, in particular self-propelled howitzers, with a propellant charge, consisting of a loading arm pivotally mounted on the pivot bearing of the tube with a charging shell for a projectile and an attachment device engaging on the floor of the projectile with a drive, the projectile by means of the Loading arms can be brought into a starting position in alignment with the core axis of the tube and transported into the tube by means of the attachment device and locked in the trains thereof.
  • a known device of the construction mentioned at the beginning gives the possibility of picking up projectiles standing vertically in a floor magazine by means of a gripper from the magazine and of placing them directly in the existing index position of the tube.
  • the gripper on the loading arm can be pivoted about a further axis approximately perpendicular to the pivot axis.
  • the loading arm is pivoted upwards until the projectile resting on a loading shell is aligned with the core axis of the tube. From this starting position, the projectile is then transported into the tube by means of the attachment device.
  • the projectile In the starting position, the projectile is at a considerable distance from its final position in the tube. This distance must be bridged by the piecing in the known embodiment.
  • the projectile In the case of two-piece ammunition, in which the projectile and propellant charge are introduced separately into the pipe, the projectile must be locked in the trains of the pipe. For this purpose, it has on its outside near the bottom a ring made of soft-deformable material, which is sealed in the trains of the pipe. Considerable acceleration forces have to be applied for this. Since the charging cradle can only lead the projectile to the bottom of the tube, the projectile must consequently be transported through the base piece and the propellant charge space in free flight, it is hardly possible to start it properly from the starting position.
  • Attachment is made even more difficult by the fact that the propellant space is narrowed towards the rear by a base ring which projects into the free cross section of the lower apex of the propellant space and has the task of supporting the introduced propellant charge when the pipe is elevated.
  • This floor ring forms a "stumbling edge" for the projectile, in particular for the locking ring on the projectile. This causes the projectile to tilt.
  • the invention has for its object to enable a perfect locking of the projectile in the trains of the tube.
  • this object is achieved according to the invention in that the charging cradle can be moved in a guide on the loading arm between the starting position and a template position centered on the tube, and in that the attachment device has a support moved together in the starting position and engaging on the floor of the projectile , which can be brought into a stretched position in synchronism with the movement of the charging cradle and can be displaced in the stretching position by means of the drive relative to the fixed charging cradle while accelerating the projectile up into the tube in a guide.
  • the projectile lying on the charging cradle is brought up to the tube by means of the charging cradle, the projectile tip projecting above the charging cradle being able to protrude into the tube.
  • the support which is in contact with the floor of the storey is brought synchronously from its retracted position into an extended position which it finally reaches in the template position. From the template position, the support then acts as a piecing device by continuing to run in the guide and accelerating the projectile into the tube by means of the drive. On the one hand, this bridges the relatively large distance between the starting position and the final position of the projectile in the tube.
  • the prop acting as a piecer is only effective in the template position from which the projectile is accelerated.
  • the projectile moves freely in the pipe for a short distance until it is locked in the trains of the pipe.
  • the support moves back to the starting position together with the charging cradle.
  • the support is coupled to the charging cradle via drivers and can be erected into the extended position by its movement is. Only one drive is required to raise the support and move the charging cradle.
  • the drive of the attachment device is formed from at least one motor-preloaded spring, a gear with translation which converts the spring travel into a rotary movement and a chain drive which is coupled to the gear and acts on the support in the extended position.
  • the spring drive provided according to the invention has the advantage that relatively large forces can be released suddenly, so that the projectile experiences sufficient acceleration.
  • the gear unit consists of a toothed rack, a fixed pinion which meshes with it and a transmission wheel which sits on its axis and which drives a chain wheel of the chain drive.
  • the design of the drive according to the invention with a gear and a chain drive has the advantage that the travel can be multiplied in a simple manner in the always cramped space.
  • the spring travel can be translated to at least 1: 2, preferably more than 1: 3, by means of the transmission and the chain drive. This can be achieved in the simplest form by translating the spring travel by means of different diameters of the pinion and the transmission gear connected to it.
  • the toothed rack is connected to one end of the spring and the pinion is mounted in a stationary manner on the loading arm, and that the drive which excites it when the toothed rack is fixed at the other end of the spring attacks. In this way, the biasing force of the spring is transmitted directly to the rack.
  • the chain drive guides a chain wheel via the driving sprocket, one sprocket arranged at each end of the charging cradle to one side of the support and from the driving sprocket via at least one chain wheel attached to the loading arm to the other side of the support their ends are attached to the support, the fixed points being arranged at locations which are not influenced during the extension movement of the support.
  • Another preferred embodiment is characterized in that the support is formed from a lever linkage which can be brought from a flat folded position in the starting position to a stable extended position in the template position.
  • the configuration can in particular be made so that the lever linkage consists of two parallelogram linkages connected in series, the consecutive links each form an articulated lever, which at one end on a base forming the foot of the support and at its other end on one on the ground of the projectile engaging, forming a pressure piece coupling, the articulated joint of the one articulated lever being bridged by a joint spreader whose joint runs in a guide which extends between the articulated levers and on which the joint of the other articulated lever is arranged.
  • the aforementioned training gives the possibility to move the lever linkage together in the smallest space or, conversely, to achieve the greatest possible stretching length with the smallest space requirement.
  • the stability of the support for accelerating the projectile can be supported by the fact that at least one of the articulated levers moves into an over-center system, which is ensured by an additional spring.
  • the folding of the lever linkage can be specifically supported in that a stop device is assigned to the lever linkage, which bends the lever linkage to the side when it moves together.
  • the charging cradle has a longitudinal slot in the region of its lower apex in which a guide carriage arranged on the support runs after reaching the template position during the attachment movement.
  • a further preferred embodiment is characterized in that a triggering device engages at the base of the lever linkage forming the support, which locks the support from the folded position into the extended position during the erection of the lever linkage and at the same time blocks the transmission via the chain and thus also with the rack connected end of the spring fixed, which is biased during the erection of the lever linkage by means of the drive, and that the release device releases the extended support and thus the chain, so that the pretensioning force of the spring acts on the support via the transmission and chain, and this supports this Projectile accelerated into the attachment position.
  • the charging cradle In order to be able to bring the projectile up to or into the tube on the charging cradle, the charging cradle is centered in the template position in the region of the bottom of the tube.
  • the charging cradle is preferably centered on the base ring, ie the charging tray is moved into the base part of the tube and is there on the base ring centered and only then does the support carry out its attachment movement.
  • the projectile which already protrudes into the base of the tube in the template position, can be accelerated without hindrance from the charging cradle via the base ring and locked in the trains.
  • the support by means of the drive for pretensioning the spring, which entrains the chain operation via the relaxed spring, the rack and the gear, from the attachment position the template position can be returned to the starting position, the charging cradle acting on the stop device initiating the folding movement of the lever linkage when the starting position is reached.
  • FIG. 1 the turret 1 of a tank with the pipe 2 is shown.
  • a partially ring-shaped magazine 3 is arranged with the storeys 4 therein, which are guided in a loop on the partially ring-shaped path by means of a chain drive or the like.
  • the magazine 3 has a transfer position 3 '.
  • the magazine 3 is arranged below the tube 2, specifically in the region of the bottom thereof with the closure 5. In the illustration shown, the tube is in a positive index position. The tube 2 can be moved into the index position about the horizontal transverse axis 6.
  • the loading arm 8 is suspended from the tube 2 on pivot bearings, the axis of which coincides with the axis of rotation 6 of the tube 2.
  • the loading arm 8 is assigned a swivel drive 9 fastened to the armored turret, which acts on an extension 10 of the lever of the loading arm 8 shown on the right, which extends beyond the axis 6.
  • At least one gripper 14 is mounted on the loading arm 8 on a vertical axis 11 via arms 12.
  • the gripper 14 can be pivoted by means of the arms 12 about the vertical axis 11 to the projectile 4 'in the takeover position 3', in which the projectile is taken over by the gripper 14.
  • the rotary drive 15 is used to pivot the gripper.
  • a loading shell 13 is also arranged on the loading arm 8, into which the projectile taken over is inserted after the gripper 14 has been pivoted back.
  • the loading arm 8 After taking over the projectile, the loading arm 8 is pivoted about the axis 6 into the index position of the tube 2 by means of the swivel drive 9, in which the projectile reaches the starting position 4 'for loading (see FIG. 2).
  • An attachment device 16 is used for loading.
  • the attachment device 16 has a collapsible support 17 (FIG. 3), not shown in FIG. 2, which engages on the floor of the projectile 4.
  • the charging cradle 13 is guided on the loading arm 8 so that the projectile can be brought from the starting position 4 'according to FIG. 2 by means of the charging cradle into a template position 4''.
  • the support 17 acting on the floor of the projectile comes into a stable extended position, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the projectile is accelerated into the tube 2 by means of the support 17 in the extended position until it is locked in position 4 '''in front of the propellant charge space 18 in the trains 19 of the tube 2 by means of its ring 20 arranged on the outside.
  • the attachment process is carried out by a drive 21, the details of which are described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 7.
  • the charging cradle 13 has a base 22 with laterally projecting guide strips 23 (FIG. 4), by means of which it can be moved in flat guides 24 on the loading arm 8. Furthermore, the charging cradle 13 has an open longitudinal slot 25 in the area of its lower apex and at least in its rear area, in which a downwardly projecting guide slide 26 runs on the support designated overall by 17 in order to prevent the attachment movement from the template position 4 '' (FIG 3) to be able to perform.
  • the guide slide 26 of the support 17 runs with sliders 28 in a stationary guide rail 27 and in the further course of the movement in guides 23 'on the base of the charging cradle 13.
  • the guide rail engages in the base 22 of the charging cradle, so that the support 17 in the extended position is correctly guided during the attachment movement on the loading arm or on the charging cradle.
  • the support 17 is shown schematically in FIG. 3 as a simple buckling bar. In fact, it consists of a multi-link lever linkage, which is shown in more detail in Figures 5 to 7.
  • the retracted position of the lever linkage at the end of the lifting arm is designated 17 '. This position corresponds to the starting position shown in FIG. 2, while in FIG. 6 the extension position is denoted by 17 ′′, which the lever linkage assumes in the presentation position 4 ′′ of the projectile according to FIG. 3.
  • This extended position maintains the lever linkage when moving into the attachment position 4 '' '(FIGS. 3 and 7).
  • the lever linkage consists of two parallelogram-like linkages that are connected in series.
  • the rear parallelogram linkage is formed by links 29, 30, a base 31 forming the foot of the support 17 and a coupling 32, which at the same time establishes the connection to the front parallelogram.
  • This in turn consists of the links 33, 34 with the coupling 32 as the base and the one connecting them at the other end Coupling 35, which in turn forms the pressure piece of the attachment device resting against the floor of the projectile.
  • the two parallelogram linkages have the task of guiding the pressure piece 35 parallel to the floor of the floor 4 during the entire movement sequence.
  • the links 29, 33 and 30, 34 arranged one behind the other each form an articulated lever which is shown in the extended position in FIGS. 6 and 7.
  • the links 29, 33 of one articulated lever are connected to the coupling 32 via a joint 36, and the links 30, 34 forming the other articulated lever are directly connected to one another via a joint 37.
  • the joint 37 of the articulated lever is bridged by means of a joint spreader 38, 39, which in turn has a joint 40.
  • the coupling 32 is designed as a guide in which the joint 40 of the joint struts 38, 39 is guided, for example by means of a sliding block. In this way, a lateral compensation movement is possible, which ensures that the pressure piece 35 is always guided in the tube axis.
  • the extended position of the arms of the articulated levers 29, 33 and 30, 34 is limited by appropriate stops at the ends of the handlebars facing each other.
  • the lever linkage 17 can be folded laterally from the extended position 17 ′′ in order to reach the collapsed position 17 ′.
  • a curve piece 41 controlled by the former during the return of the charging cradle 13 and the support 17 acts on a roller 42 in the region of the rear end of the lever linkage and forces it to fold laterally (downward in the drawing).
  • the charging cradle 13 has its own drive 43, which is designed, for example, as an electric motor and acts via a spindle 44 on an attachment 45 with a spindle nut on the base 22.
  • the drive 43 By means of the drive 43, the charging cradle 13 and the inserted projectile 4 are moved from the initial position 4 ', in which the support 17 is in its folded position 17' (FIG. 5), to the template position 4 ''.
  • the lever linkage is not shown on the driver on the charging cradle taken, erected and brought into the extended position 17 '' (Fig. 6).
  • a motor-tension spring 46 which acts on the support via a multi-unit gear.
  • the spring 46 is relaxed in the starting position (Fig. 5). It extends between two abutments 47, 48, of which the front abutment 48 can be moved to tension the spring.
  • a motor 49 is provided which drives via a chain 50 or the like onto a spindle 51 passing through the spring 46, which in turn drives the abutment 48 and in the template position (FIG. 6) sets the spring under prestress.
  • a gear 52 and a chain drive 53 are arranged between the spring 46 and the support 17.
  • the gear 52 has a rack 54 which forms the abutment 47 at one end and which runs along the entire spring travel.
  • the rack 54 meshes with a fixed pinion 55, on the axis of which a transmission wheel 56 is seated, which in turn meshes with the teeth on a chain wheel 57.
  • Pinion 55, transmission gear 56 and chain wheel 57 are mounted together on a bearing block 58.
  • the driving sprocket 57 belongs to the chain drive, designated as a whole by 53, which has two further stationary deflection wheels 59 and 60.
  • a sprocket 61 and 62 is mounted on the front and rear ends of the charging cradle 13.
  • the chain 63 is connected at both ends to the support 17 or to the lever linkage forming it, namely on the one hand to the guide carriage 26 in the region of the base 31 at 64, and on the other hand to the front end of the guide carriage 26 at 65.
  • the chain 63 is thus guided from a fixed point 65 via the front sprocket 62, the rear sprocket 61 of the charging cradle 13, then in a double loop via the driving sprocket 57 on the bearing block 58 and finally via the fixed deflection wheels 59, 60 to the rear fixed point 64.
  • the translation of the spring travel or the path of the rack 54 via the pinion 55 and the transmission wheel 56 larger diameter is preferably 1: 3.5.
  • the sprocket 61 at the rear end of the charging cradle 13 in FIG. 5 is shown offset to the rear in order to make the other parts visible. The correct location of the arrangement is shown in Figs. 6 and 7.
  • the support 17 or its guide slide 26 is held by a release device 66 with locking hook 67, which only releases the guide slide 26 when the template position 4 ′′ or the extended position 17 ′′ (FIG. 6) has been reached.
  • the trigger device 66 can be controlled by an electromagnet 68 or the like.
  • the propellant charge chamber 18 of the tube 2 has at its rear end in front of the closure 5 (FIGS. 1 and 2) a base ring 69 which projects into the free cross section of the propellant charge chamber at least in the region of the lower apex and serves as a rear support for the propellant charge inserted .
  • This floor ring forms a "stumbling edge" for the projectile 4, in particular the projectile ring 20, which makes it difficult to position the projectile correctly.
  • the charging cradle 13 is therefore moved up to the base ring 69 during the movement from the starting position 4 'according to FIGS. 2 and 5 into the template position 4' 'according to FIGS. 3 and 6 such that the charging cradle creates a flush transition on the base ring 69.
  • the charging cradle 13 has a resilient centering lug 70 at its leading end, which runs into a guide bore 71 on the base ring 69.
  • the lever linkage forming the support 17 is located in the folded position 17 'and is held by the locking hook 67 of the release device 66.
  • the spring 46 is in the relaxed state, in which the rack 54 assumes its rear position (on the far right in the drawing).
  • the charging cradle 13 is moved from the starting position 4 'by means of the drive 43 via the spindle 44 into the template position 4''. Synchronously with this, the tension spring 46 is pre-tensioned by means of the drive 49 via the chain 50 and the spindle 51.
  • the charging cradle 13 takes the coupling 35 of the lever linkage, which forms the thrust piece, with it via a driver (not shown), so that it rises and reaches the extended position 17 ′′.
  • the lever linkage is still locked by the locking hook 67.
  • the charging cradle 13 In the template position 4 ′′, the charging cradle 13 is located in the base of the tube 2, so that the projectile already protrudes into the tube.
  • the charging cradle 13 is centered on the base ring 69 of the propellant charge space 18 by means of the centering lug 70 which engages in the guide bore 71.
  • the release device or its locking hook 68 releases the guide slide 26 of the now extended support so that the spring 46 can relax. It takes the rack 54 with it via the rear abutment 47. This drives the pinion 55 with the transmission wheel 56, the torque of which is transmitted to the chain wheel 57 and thus to the chain 63.
  • the guide carriage 26 and thus the extended support 17 are accelerated forward relative to the charging cradle 13, the pressure piece 35 accelerating the projectile beyond the base ring 69 and the projectile moving freely in the tube into the attachment position 4 '' '.
  • the projectile is locked in the trains of the tube by means of its ring 20.
  • the relaxed spring 46 is moved into the starting position by means of the motor 49 via the front abutment 48 5, with the rack 54 and the rear abutment 47 being carried along.
  • the movement of the rack is transmitted to the support 17 via the chain drive 53, which now runs in reverse.
  • the charging cradle 13 is also moved into the starting position by means of its drive 43.
  • a force is exerted on the curve 42 controlled by the charging cradle 13 on the roller 42 on the handlebar 29, which forces the lever linkage into its folded position (downward in the drawing).
  • the guide carriage 26 has already run into the locking hook 68 of the triggering device 67, so that the starting position according to FIG. 5 is finally reached.
  • the stability of the support for accelerating the projectile is optimized by slightly passing over a dead position of the joints 36, 37 of the lever linkage. This passing over of the dead position can be supported by an appropriately clamped spring.

Abstract

A loading mechanism for guns having a propellant-charge space consists of a loading arm (8), mounted pivotably on the pivot bearing (6) of the barrel, with a loading shell (13) for a projectile (4), and of a feed device engaging on the bottom of the projectile and having a drive, the projectile being capable of being brought by means of the loading arm into an initial position aligned with the core axis of the barrel and being transported into the barrel and rammed into its riflings by means of the feed device. To allow a perfect feed, the loading shell is movable in a guide on the loading arm between the initial position (4') and an advanced position (4'') centred on the barrel, and the feed device has a stay which is contracted in the initial position and engages on the bottom of the projectile and which can be brought, in synchronism with the movement of the loading shell into the advanced position, into an extended position and, in this, can be displaced by means of the drive relative to the loading shell in a guide right into the barrel, with the projectile being accelerated at the same time. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Laden von Rohrwaffen, insbesondere Panzerhaubitzen, mit einem Treibladungsraum, bestehend aus einem am Drehlager des Rohrs schwenkbar gelagerten Ladearm mit einer Ladeschale für ein Geschoß und einer am Boden des Geschosses angreifenden Ansetzeinrichtung mit einem Antrieb, wobei das Geschoß mittels des Ladearms in eine mit der Seelenachse des Rohrs fluchtende Ausgangsposition bringbar ist und mittels der Ansetzeinrichtung in das Rohr transportiert und in dessen Zügen verrammt wird.The invention relates to a device for loading tubular weapons, in particular self-propelled howitzers, with a propellant charge, consisting of a loading arm pivotally mounted on the pivot bearing of the tube with a charging shell for a projectile and an attachment device engaging on the floor of the projectile with a drive, the projectile by means of the Loading arms can be brought into a starting position in alignment with the core axis of the tube and transported into the tube by means of the attachment device and locked in the trains thereof.

Eine bekannte Vorrichtung des eingangs genannten Aufbaus (EP-A-256 250) gibt die Möglichkeit, senkrecht in einem Bodenmagazin stehende Geschosse mittels eines Greifers aus dem Magazin aufzunehmen und unmittelbar in die vorhandene Indexstellung des Rohrs zu verbringen. Zu diesem Zweck ist der Greifer am Ladearm um eine weitere zur Schwenkachse etwa senkrechte Achse verschwenkbar. Auf diese Weise kann bei abgeschwenktem Ladearm der Greifer nach außen geschwenkt werden und in einer Aufnahmeposition am Magazin ein Geschoß aufnehmen. Nach Zurückschwenken des Greifers in seine Ausgangslage wird der Ladearm nach oben verschwenkt, bis das auf einer Ladeschale ruhende Geschoß mit der Seelenachse des Rohrs fluchtet. Aus dieser Ausgangsposition heraus wird das Geschoß dann mittels der Ansetzeinrichtung in das Rohr transportiert.A known device of the construction mentioned at the beginning (EP-A-256 250) gives the possibility of picking up projectiles standing vertically in a floor magazine by means of a gripper from the magazine and of placing them directly in the existing index position of the tube. For this purpose, the gripper on the loading arm can be pivoted about a further axis approximately perpendicular to the pivot axis. In this way, when swiveled Loading arm of the gripper can be pivoted outwards and pick up a projectile in a pick-up position on the magazine. After swiveling the gripper back into its initial position, the loading arm is pivoted upwards until the projectile resting on a loading shell is aligned with the core axis of the tube. From this starting position, the projectile is then transported into the tube by means of the attachment device.

In der Ausgangsposition weist das Geschoß einen erheblichen Abstand von seiner endgültigen Position im Rohr auf. Diese Wegstrecke muß bei der bekannten Ausführungsform durch den Ansetzer überbrückt werden. Bei zweiteiliger Munition, bei der Geschoß und Treibladung getrennt in das Rohr eingebracht werden, muß das Geschoß in den Zügen des Rohrs verrammt werden. Zu diesem Zweck weist es an seiner Außenseite nahe des Bodens einen Ring aus weichverformbarem Material auf, der in den Zügen des Rohrs dichtend verrammt wird. Hierzu sind erhebliche Beschleunigungskräfte aufzubringen. Da die Ladeschale das Geschoß nur bis zum Boden des Rohrs führen kann, das Geschoß folglich durch das Bodenstück und den Treibladungsraum im freien Flug transportiert werden muß, ist ein einwandfreies Ansetzen aus der Ausgangsposition heraus kaum möglich. Das Ansetzen wird noch dadurch erschwert, daß der Treibladungsraum nach hinten durch einen Bodenring verengt ist, der im Bereich des unteren Scheitels des Treibladungsraums in dessen freien Querschnitt hineinragt und die Aufgabe hat, die eingeführte Treibladung bei eleviertem Rohr abzustützen. Dieser Bodenring bildet für das Geschoß, insbesondere für den zum Verrammen dienenden Ring an dem Geschoß eine "Stolperkante". Dadurch kommt es zum Verkanten des Geschosses.In the starting position, the projectile is at a considerable distance from its final position in the tube. This distance must be bridged by the piecing in the known embodiment. In the case of two-piece ammunition, in which the projectile and propellant charge are introduced separately into the pipe, the projectile must be locked in the trains of the pipe. For this purpose, it has on its outside near the bottom a ring made of soft-deformable material, which is sealed in the trains of the pipe. Considerable acceleration forces have to be applied for this. Since the charging cradle can only lead the projectile to the bottom of the tube, the projectile must consequently be transported through the base piece and the propellant charge space in free flight, it is hardly possible to start it properly from the starting position. Attachment is made even more difficult by the fact that the propellant space is narrowed towards the rear by a base ring which projects into the free cross section of the lower apex of the propellant space and has the task of supporting the introduced propellant charge when the pipe is elevated. This floor ring forms a "stumbling edge" for the projectile, in particular for the locking ring on the projectile. This causes the projectile to tilt.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein einwandfreies Verrammen des Geschosses in den Zügen des Rohrs zu ermöglichen.The invention has for its object to enable a perfect locking of the projectile in the trains of the tube.

Ausgehend von der eingangs genannten Vorrichtung wird diese Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Ladeschale in einer Führung am Ladearm zwischen der Ausgangsposition und einer am Rohr zentrierten Vorlageposition verfahrbar ist, und daß die Ansetzeinrichtung eine in der Ausgangsposition zusammengefahrene, am Boden des Geschosses angreifende Stütze aufweist, die synchron mit der Bewegung der Ladeschale in die Vorlageposition in eine Strecklage bringbar ist und in der Strecklage mittels des Antriebs relativ zur feststehenden Ladeschale unter Beschleunigen des Geschosses bis in das Rohr in einer Führung verschiebbar ist.Starting from the device mentioned at the outset, this object is achieved according to the invention in that the charging cradle can be moved in a guide on the loading arm between the starting position and a template position centered on the tube, and in that the attachment device has a support moved together in the starting position and engaging on the floor of the projectile , which can be brought into a stretched position in synchronism with the movement of the charging cradle and can be displaced in the stretching position by means of the drive relative to the fixed charging cradle while accelerating the projectile up into the tube in a guide.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung wird das auf der Ladeschale aufliegende Geschoß mittels der Ladeschale bis an das Rohr herangeführt, wobei die die Ladeschale überragende Geschoßspitze bereits in das Rohr hineinragen kann. Beim Verfahren der Ladeschale wird die dem Geschoßboden als Ansetzer anliegende Stütze aus ihrer zusammengefahrenen Stellung synchron in eine Strecklage gebracht, die sie schließlich in der Vorlageposition erreicht. Aus der Vorlageposition heraus wird dann die Stütze als Ansetzer wirksam, indem sie in der Führung weiterläuft und mittels des Antriebs das Geschoß in das Rohr beschleunigt. Dadurch wird einerseits der relativ große Abstand zwischen der Ausgangsposition und der endgültigen Position des Geschosses im Rohr überbrückt. Ferner wird die als Ansetzer wirksame Stütze erst in der Vorlageposition wirksam, aus der heraus das Geschoß beschleunigt wird. Nach Verlassen der Ladeschale bewegt sich das Geschoß auf einer verkürzten Strecke frei im Rohr, bis es in den Zügen des Rohrs verrammt ist. Nach dem Ladevorgang fährt die Stütze zusammen mit der Ladeschale in die Ausgangsposition zurück.Due to the design according to the invention, the projectile lying on the charging cradle is brought up to the tube by means of the charging cradle, the projectile tip projecting above the charging cradle being able to protrude into the tube. When the charging cradle is moved, the support which is in contact with the floor of the storey is brought synchronously from its retracted position into an extended position which it finally reaches in the template position. From the template position, the support then acts as a piecing device by continuing to run in the guide and accelerating the projectile into the tube by means of the drive. On the one hand, this bridges the relatively large distance between the starting position and the final position of the projectile in the tube. Furthermore, the prop acting as a piecer is only effective in the template position from which the projectile is accelerated. After leaving the charging cradle, the projectile moves freely in the pipe for a short distance until it is locked in the trains of the pipe. After charging, the support moves back to the starting position together with the charging cradle.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, daß die Stütze über Mitnehmer an die Ladeschale angekoppelt ist und durch deren Fahrbewegung in die Strecklage aufrichtbar ist. Für das Aufrichten der Stütze und das Verfahren der Ladeschale ist also nur ein Antrieb erforderlich.According to a preferred embodiment it is provided that the support is coupled to the charging cradle via drivers and can be erected into the extended position by its movement is. Only one drive is required to raise the support and move the charging cradle.

Gemäß einer weiterhin bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der Antrieb der Ansetzeinrichtung aus wenigstens einer motorisch vorgespannten Feder, einem den Federweg in eine Drehbewegung umsetzenden Getriebe mit Übersetzung und einem an das Getriebe angekoppelten und auf die in Strecklage befindliche Stütze wirkenden Kettentrieb gebildet.According to a further preferred embodiment, the drive of the attachment device is formed from at least one motor-preloaded spring, a gear with translation which converts the spring travel into a rotary movement and a chain drive which is coupled to the gear and acts on the support in the extended position.

Der erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene Federantrieb hat den Vorteil, daß relativ große Kräfte schlagartig freigegeben werden können, so daß das Geschoß eine ausreichende Beschleunigung erfährt.The spring drive provided according to the invention has the advantage that relatively large forces can be released suddenly, so that the projectile experiences sufficient acceleration.

Vorzugsweise ist vorgesehen, daß das Getriebe aus einer Zahnstange, einem mit dieser kämmenden ortsfesten Ritzel und einem auf deren Achse sitzenden Übersetzungsrad besteht, das ein Kettenrad des Kettentriebs antreibt.It is preferably provided that the gear unit consists of a toothed rack, a fixed pinion which meshes with it and a transmission wheel which sits on its axis and which drives a chain wheel of the chain drive.

Die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung des Antriebs mit einem Getriebe und einem Kettentrieb hat den Vorteil, daß sich bei den stets beengten Platzverhältnissen in einfacher Weise eine Vervielfachung des Federwegs erreichen läßt. Beispielsweise kann der Federweg mittels des Getriebes und des Kettentriebs auf wenigstens 1:2, vorzugsweise auf mehr als 1:3 übersetzt werden. Dies läßt sich in einfachster Form dadurch erreichen, daß der Federweg mittels verschiedener Durchmesser des Ritzels und des mit ihm verbundenen Übersetzungsrades übersetzt ist.The design of the drive according to the invention with a gear and a chain drive has the advantage that the travel can be multiplied in a simple manner in the always cramped space. For example, the spring travel can be translated to at least 1: 2, preferably more than 1: 3, by means of the transmission and the chain drive. This can be achieved in the simplest form by translating the spring travel by means of different diameters of the pinion and the transmission gear connected to it.

In weiterhin vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung ist vorgesehen, daß die Zahnstange mit einem Ende der Feder verbunden und das Ritzel am Ladearm ortsfest gelagert ist, und daß am anderen Ende der Feder der diese bei feststehender Zahnstange spannende Antrieb angreift. Auf diese Weise wird die Vorspannkraft der Feder unmittelbar auf die Zahnstange übertragen.In a further advantageous embodiment it is provided that the toothed rack is connected to one end of the spring and the pinion is mounted in a stationary manner on the loading arm, and that the drive which excites it when the toothed rack is fixed at the other end of the spring attacks. In this way, the biasing force of the spring is transmitted directly to the rack.

Gemäß einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel ist vorgesehen, daß der Kettentrieb eine über das treibende Kettenrad, je ein an jedem Ende der Ladeschale angeordnetes Kettenrad zu der einen Seite der Stütze und vom treibenden Kettenrad über wenigstens ein am Ladearm angebrachtes Kettenrad zur anderen Seite der Stütze geführt und mit ihren Enden an der Stütze befestigt ist, wobei die Fixpunkte an während der Streckbewegung der Stütze unbeeinflußten Stellen angeordnet sind.According to a preferred embodiment, it is provided that the chain drive guides a chain wheel via the driving sprocket, one sprocket arranged at each end of the charging cradle to one side of the support and from the driving sprocket via at least one chain wheel attached to the loading arm to the other side of the support their ends are attached to the support, the fixed points being arranged at locations which are not influenced during the extension movement of the support.

Eine weiterhin bevorzugte Ausführungsform zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß die Stütze aus einem Hebelgestänge gebildet ist, das aus einer flach zusammengefalteten Lage in der Ausgangsposition in eine stabile Strecklage in der Vorlageposition bringbar ist.Another preferred embodiment is characterized in that the support is formed from a lever linkage which can be brought from a flat folded position in the starting position to a stable extended position in the template position.

Dabei kann die Ausgestaltung insbesondere so vorgenommen sein, daß das Hebelgestänge aus zwei hintereinander geschalteten Parallelogrammgestängen besteht, deren hintereinander liegende Lenker je einen Knickhebel bilden, die an ihrem einen Ende an einer den Fuß der Stütze bildenden Basis und an ihrem anderen Ende an einer am Boden des Geschosses angreifenden, ein Druckstück bildenden Koppel angelenkt sind, wobei das Knickgelenk des einen Knickhebels von einer Gelenkspreize überbrückt ist, deren Gelenk in einer Führung läuft, die sich zwischen den Knickhebeln erstreckt und an der das Gelenk des anderen Knickhebels angeordnet ist.The configuration can in particular be made so that the lever linkage consists of two parallelogram linkages connected in series, the consecutive links each form an articulated lever, which at one end on a base forming the foot of the support and at its other end on one on the ground of the projectile engaging, forming a pressure piece coupling, the articulated joint of the one articulated lever being bridged by a joint spreader whose joint runs in a guide which extends between the articulated levers and on which the joint of the other articulated lever is arranged.

Die vorgenannte Ausbildung gibt die Möglichkeit, das Hebelgestänge auf engstem Raum zusammenzufahren bzw. umgekehrt bei geringstem Platzbedarf eine größtmögliche Strecklänge zu erzielen. Die Stabilität der Stütze für das Beschleunigen des Geschosses kann noch dadurch unterstützt werden, daß wenigstens einer der Knickhebel in eine Übertotpunktanlage fährt, die durch eine zusätzliche Feder sichergestellt wird.The aforementioned training gives the possibility to move the lever linkage together in the smallest space or, conversely, to achieve the greatest possible stretching length with the smallest space requirement. The stability of the support for accelerating the projectile can be supported by the fact that at least one of the articulated levers moves into an over-center system, which is ensured by an additional spring.

Das Zusammenfalten des Hebelgestänges kann dadurch gezielt unterstützt werden, daß dem Hebelgestänge eine Anschlageinrichtung zugeordnet ist, die das Hebelgestänge beim Zusammenfahren zur Seite hin ausknickt.The folding of the lever linkage can be specifically supported in that a stop device is assigned to the lever linkage, which bends the lever linkage to the side when it moves together.

Um der Stütze in der Strecklage die Möglichkeit zu geben, die Ansetzbewegung durchzuführen, ist in weiterer Ausbildung vorgesehen, daß die Ladeschale im Bereich ihres unteren Scheitels einen Längsschlitz aufweist, in dem ein an der Stütze angeordneter Führungsschlitten nach Erreichen der Vorlageposition während der Ansetzbewegung läuft.In order to give the support in the stretched position the possibility of carrying out the attachment movement, it is provided in a further development that the charging cradle has a longitudinal slot in the region of its lower apex in which a guide carriage arranged on the support runs after reaching the template position during the attachment movement.

Ein weiterhin bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß an der Basis des die Stütze bildenden Hebelgestänges eine Auslöseeinrichtung angreift, die die Stütze während des Aufrichtens des Hebelgestänges aus der zusammengefalteten Lage in die Strecklage sperrt und zugleich über die Kette das Getriebe blockiert und damit das mit der Zahnstange verbundene Ende der Feder fixiert, die während des Aufrichtens des Hebelgestänges mittels des Antriebs vorgespannt wird, und daß die Auslöseeinrichtung die gestreckte Stütze und damit die Kette freigibt, so daß die Vorspannkraft der Feder über Getriebe und Kette auf die Stütze wirkt und diese das Geschoß in die Ansetzlage beschleunigt.A further preferred embodiment is characterized in that a triggering device engages at the base of the lever linkage forming the support, which locks the support from the folded position into the extended position during the erection of the lever linkage and at the same time blocks the transmission via the chain and thus also with the rack connected end of the spring fixed, which is biased during the erection of the lever linkage by means of the drive, and that the release device releases the extended support and thus the chain, so that the pretensioning force of the spring acts on the support via the transmission and chain, and this supports this Projectile accelerated into the attachment position.

Um das Geschoß auf der Ladeschale bis an bzw. in das Rohr heranführen zu können, ist die Ladeschale in der Vorlageposition im Bereich des Bodens des Rohrs zentriert.In order to be able to bring the projectile up to or into the tube on the charging cradle, the charging cradle is centered in the template position in the region of the bottom of the tube.

Weist der Treibladungsraum der Rohrwaffe, wie eingangs angedeutet, einen Bodenring auf, so ist vorzugsweise die Ladeschale am Bodenring zentriert, d.h. die Ladeschale wird bis in das Bodenstück des Rohrs hineingefahren, wird dort am Bodenring zentriert und erst dann führt die Stütze ihre Ansetzbewegung durch.If the propellant charge chamber of the barrel weapon has a base ring, as indicated at the beginning, then the charging cradle is preferably centered on the base ring, ie the charging tray is moved into the base part of the tube and is there on the base ring centered and only then does the support carry out its attachment movement.

Auf diese Weise kann das Geschoß, das in der Vorlageposition bereits in das Bodenstück des Rohrs hineinragt, behinderungsfrei aus der Ladeschale über den Bodenring beschleunigt und in den Zügen verrammt werden.In this way, the projectile, which already protrudes into the base of the tube in the template position, can be accelerated without hindrance from the charging cradle via the base ring and locked in the trains.

Eine zweckmäßige Ausführungsform ergibt sich dann, wenn der Bodenring eine Vertiefung und die Ladeschale eine in diese eingreifende Zentriernase aufweist, die gegebenenfalls federgedämpft ist.An expedient embodiment is obtained when the base ring has a recess and the charging cradle has a centering nose which engages in it and which is optionally spring-damped.

Während die Rückholbewegung der Ladeschale in einfacher Weise durch Drehrichtungsumkehr ihres Antriebs möglich ist, ist weiterhin vorgesehen, daß die Stütze mittels des Antriebs zum Vorspannen der Feder, der über die entspannte Feder, die Zahnstange und über das Getriebe den Kettenbetrieb mitnimmt, aus der Ansetzlage über die Vorlageposition in die Ausgangsposition rückholbar ist, wobei die Ladeschale bei Erreichen der Ausgangsposition auf die die Faltbewegung des Hebelgestänges einleitende Anschlageinrichtung wirkt.While the return movement of the charging cradle is possible in a simple manner by reversing the direction of rotation of its drive, it is further provided that the support by means of the drive for pretensioning the spring, which entrains the chain operation via the relaxed spring, the rack and the gear, from the attachment position the template position can be returned to the starting position, the charging cradle acting on the stop device initiating the folding movement of the lever linkage when the starting position is reached.

Nachstehend ist die Erfindung anhand eines in der Zeichnung wiedergegebenen Ausführungsbeispiels beschrieben. In der Zeichnung zeigen:

Figur 1
eine teilperspektivische Ansicht eines Panzerturms mit der Ladevorrichtung in der Grundstellung;
Figur 2
eine der Figur 1 entsprechende Ansicht der Ladevorrichtung in der Ausgangsposition beim Laden;
Figur 3
die Ladevorrichtung gemäß Figur 2 in der Vorlageposition;
Figur 4
eine Ansicht auf die Stütze und die Ladeschale von hinten;
Figur 5
eine schematische Draufsicht auf den Ladearm in der Ausgangsposition;
Figur 6
eine der Figur 5 entsprechende Draufsicht in der Vorlageposition und
Figur 7
eine der Figur 5 entsprechende Draufsicht mit angesetztem Geschoß in etwas verkleinertem Maßstab.
The invention is described below using an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing. The drawing shows:
Figure 1
a partial perspective view of an armored turret with the loading device in the basic position;
Figure 2
a view corresponding to Figure 1 of the loading device in the starting position when loading;
Figure 3
the loading device according to Figure 2 in the template position;
Figure 4
a view of the support and the charging cradle from behind;
Figure 5
is a schematic plan view of the loading arm in the starting position;
Figure 6
a plan view corresponding to Figure 5 in the template position and
Figure 7
a plan view corresponding to Figure 5 with attached floor on a slightly reduced scale.

In Figur 1 ist der Turm 1 eines Panzers mit dem Rohr 2 gezeigt. Auf dem Boden des Turms 1 ist ein teilringförmiges Magazin 3 mit den darin stehenden Geschossen 4 angeordnet, die mittels eines Kettentriebs oder dergleichen auf der teilringförmigen Bahn in einer Schleife geführt sind. Das Magazin 3 weist eine Übergabeposition 3' auf.In Figure 1, the turret 1 of a tank with the pipe 2 is shown. On the bottom of the tower 1, a partially ring-shaped magazine 3 is arranged with the storeys 4 therein, which are guided in a loop on the partially ring-shaped path by means of a chain drive or the like. The magazine 3 has a transfer position 3 '.

Das Magazin 3 ist unterhalb des Rohrs 2, und zwar im Bereich des Bodens desselben mit dem Verschluß 5, angeordnet. Das Rohr befindet sich in der gezeigten Darstellung in einer positiven Indexstellung. Das Rohr 2 ist um die horizontale Querachse 6 in die Indexstellung bewegbar.The magazine 3 is arranged below the tube 2, specifically in the region of the bottom thereof with the closure 5. In the illustration shown, the tube is in a positive index position. The tube 2 can be moved into the index position about the horizontal transverse axis 6.

Zum Laden des Rohrs 2 dient eine insgesamt mit 7 bezeichnete Vorrichtung, die einen Ladearm 8 mit zwei Hebeln aufweist. Der Ladearm 8 ist an das Rohr 2 an Schwenklagern aufgehängt, deren Achse mit der Drehachse 6 des Rohrs 2 zusammenfällt.To load the tube 2 is a device designated 7, which has a loading arm 8 with two levers. The loading arm 8 is suspended from the tube 2 on pivot bearings, the axis of which coincides with the axis of rotation 6 of the tube 2.

Dem Ladearm 8 ist ein am Panzerturm befestigter Schwenkantrieb 9 zugeordnet, der an einer über die Achse 6 hinausreichenden Verlängerung 10 des rechts dargestellten Hebel des Ladearms 8 angreift.The loading arm 8 is assigned a swivel drive 9 fastened to the armored turret, which acts on an extension 10 of the lever of the loading arm 8 shown on the right, which extends beyond the axis 6.

Am Ladearm 8 ist an einer senkrechten Achse 11 über Arme 12 wenigstens ein Greifer 14 gelagert. Der Greifer 14 kann mittels der Arme 12 um die senkrechte Achse 11 an das in der Übernahmeposition 3' stehende Geschoß 4 herangeschwenkt werden, in der das Geschoß vom Greifer 14 übernommen wird. Zum Verschwenken des Greifers dient der Drehantrieb 15. Am Ladearm 8 ist ferner eine Ladeschale 13 angeordnet, in die das übernommene Geschoß nach Zurückschwenken des Greifers 14 eingelegt wird.At least one gripper 14 is mounted on the loading arm 8 on a vertical axis 11 via arms 12. The gripper 14 can be pivoted by means of the arms 12 about the vertical axis 11 to the projectile 4 'in the takeover position 3', in which the projectile is taken over by the gripper 14. The rotary drive 15 is used to pivot the gripper. A loading shell 13 is also arranged on the loading arm 8, into which the projectile taken over is inserted after the gripper 14 has been pivoted back.

Nach Übernahme des Geschosses wird der Ladearm 8 mittels des Schwenkantriebs 9 um die Achse 6 in die Indexstellung des Rohrs 2 verschwenkt, in der das Geschoß die Ausgangsposition 4' für das Laden erreicht (s. Figur 2).After taking over the projectile, the loading arm 8 is pivoted about the axis 6 into the index position of the tube 2 by means of the swivel drive 9, in which the projectile reaches the starting position 4 'for loading (see FIG. 2).

Zum Laden dient eine Ansetzeinrichtung 16. Die Ansetzeinrichtung 16 weist eine in Figur 2 nicht gezeigte, zusammenfahrbare Stütze 17 (Figur 3) auf, die am Boden des Geschosses 4 angreift. Ferner ist die Ladeschale 13 am Ladearm 8 verfahrbar geführt, so daß das Geschoß aus der Ausgangsposition 4' gemäß Figur 2 mittels der Ladeschale in eine Vorlageposition 4' ' bringbar ist. Während dieser Bewegung kommt die am Boden des Geschosses angreifende Stütze 17 in eine stabile Strecklage, wie dies Figur 3 zeigt. Aus dieser Position heraus wird das Geschoß mittels der in Strecklage befindlichen Stütze 17 in das Rohr 2 beschleunigt, bis es in der Position 4' ' ' vor dem Treibladungsraum 18 in den Zügen 19 des Rohrs 2 mittels seines außenseitig angeordneten Rings 20 verrammt ist. Der Ansetzvorgang wird von einem Antrieb 21 bewerkstelligt, dessen Einzelheiten mit Bezug auf die Figuren 5 und 7 beschrieben wird.An attachment device 16 is used for loading. The attachment device 16 has a collapsible support 17 (FIG. 3), not shown in FIG. 2, which engages on the floor of the projectile 4. Furthermore, the charging cradle 13 is guided on the loading arm 8 so that the projectile can be brought from the starting position 4 'according to FIG. 2 by means of the charging cradle into a template position 4''. During this movement, the support 17 acting on the floor of the projectile comes into a stable extended position, as shown in FIG. 3. From this position, the projectile is accelerated into the tube 2 by means of the support 17 in the extended position until it is locked in position 4 '''in front of the propellant charge space 18 in the trains 19 of the tube 2 by means of its ring 20 arranged on the outside. The attachment process is carried out by a drive 21, the details of which are described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 7.

Die Ladeschale 13 weist einen Sockel 22 mit seitlich vorspringenden Führungsleisten 23 auf (Figur 4), mittels der sie in Flachführungen 24 am Ladearm 8 verfahrbar ist. Ferner weist die Ladeschale 13 im Bereich ihres unteren Scheitels und zumindest in ihrem hinteren Bereich einen offenen Längsschlitz 25 auf, in welchem ein nach unten ragender Führungsschlitten 26 an der insgesamt mit 17 bezeichneten Stütze läuft, um die Ansetzbewegung aus der Vorlageposition 4' ' (Figur 3) durchführen zu können. Der Führungsschlitten 26 der Stütze 17 läuft mit Gleitstücken 28 in einer ortsfesten Führungsschiene 27 und im weiteren Verlauf der Bewegung in Führungen 23' am Sockel der Ladeschale 13. Die Führungsschiene greift in den Sockel 22 der Ladeschale hinein, so daß die in Strecklage befindliche Stütze 17 während der Ansetzbewegung am Ladearm bzw. an der Ladeschale einwandfrei geführt ist.The charging cradle 13 has a base 22 with laterally projecting guide strips 23 (FIG. 4), by means of which it can be moved in flat guides 24 on the loading arm 8. Furthermore, the charging cradle 13 has an open longitudinal slot 25 in the area of its lower apex and at least in its rear area, in which a downwardly projecting guide slide 26 runs on the support designated overall by 17 in order to prevent the attachment movement from the template position 4 '' (FIG 3) to be able to perform. The guide slide 26 of the support 17 runs with sliders 28 in a stationary guide rail 27 and in the further course of the movement in guides 23 'on the base of the charging cradle 13. The guide rail engages in the base 22 of the charging cradle, so that the support 17 in the extended position is correctly guided during the attachment movement on the loading arm or on the charging cradle.

Die Stütze 17 ist in Figur 3 als einfacher Knickstab schematisiert wiedergegeben. Tatsächlich besteht sie aus einem mehrgliedrigen Hebelgestänge, das in den Figuren 5 bis 7 näher gezeigt ist. In Figur 5 ist die zusammengefahrene Position des Hebelgestänges am Ende des Hubarms mit 17' bezeichnet. Diese Position entspricht der in Figur 2 gezeigten Ausgangslage, während in Figur 6 mit 17' ' die Strecklage bezeichnet ist, die das Hebelgestänge in der Vorlageposition 4' ' des Geschosses gemäß Figur 3 annimmt. Diese Strecklage behält das Hebelgestänge bei der Bewegung in die Ansetzlage 4' ' ' (Fig. 3 und 7) bei.The support 17 is shown schematically in FIG. 3 as a simple buckling bar. In fact, it consists of a multi-link lever linkage, which is shown in more detail in Figures 5 to 7. In Figure 5, the retracted position of the lever linkage at the end of the lifting arm is designated 17 '. This position corresponds to the starting position shown in FIG. 2, while in FIG. 6 the extension position is denoted by 17 ″, which the lever linkage assumes in the presentation position 4 ″ of the projectile according to FIG. 3. This extended position maintains the lever linkage when moving into the attachment position 4 '' '(FIGS. 3 and 7).

Das Hebelgestänge besteht aus zwei parallelogrammartigen Gestängen, die hintereinander geschaltet sind. Das hintere Parallelogrammgestänge ist von Lenkern 29, 30, einer den Fuß der Stütze 17 bildenden Basis 31 und einer Koppel 32 gebildet, die zugleich die Verbindung zu dem vorderen Parallelogramm herstellt. Dieses wiederum besteht aus den Lenkern 33, 34 mit der Koppel 32 als Basis und der sie am anderen Ende verbindenden Koppel 35, die wiederum das am Boden des Geschosses anliegende Druckstück der Ansetzeinrichtung bildet. Die beiden Parallelogrammgestänge haben die Aufgabe, das Druckstück 35 während des gesamten Bewegungsablaufs parallel zum Boden des Geschosses 4 zu führen. Die hintereinander angeordneten Lenker 29, 33 und 30, 34 bilden je einen Knickhebel der in Fig. 6 und 7 in der Strecklage gezeigt ist. Die Lenker 29, 33 des einen Knickhebels sind über ein Gelenk 36 mit der Koppel 32, die den anderen Knickhebel bildenden Lenker 30, 34 über ein Gelenk 37 unmittelbar miteinander verbunden. Das Gelenk 37 des einen Knickhebels ist mittels einer Gelenkspreize 38, 39 überbrückt, die wiederum ein Gelenk 40 aufweist. Die Koppel 32 ist als Führung ausgebildet, in der das Gelenk 40 der Gelenkspreize 38, 39 beispielsweise mittels eines Nutensteins geführt ist. Auf diese Weise ist eine seitliche Ausgleichsbewegung möglich, die gewährleistet, daß das Druckstück 35 stets in der Rohrachse geführt ist. Die Strecklage der Arme der Knickhebel 29, 33 und 30, 34 wird durch entsprechende Anschläge an den einander zugekehrten Enden der Lenker begrenzt. Aus der Strecklage 17' ' läßt sich das Hebelgestänge 17 seitlich zusammenklappen, um in die zusammengefahrene Lage 17' zu gelangen. Hierzu dient ein beim Rücklauf der Ladeschale 13 und der Stütze 17 von ersterer gesteuertes Kurvenstück 41, das auf eine Rolle 42 im Bereich des hinteren Endes des Hebelgestänges wirkt und dieses zum seitlichen (in der Zeichnung nach unten) Zusammenklappen zwingt.The lever linkage consists of two parallelogram-like linkages that are connected in series. The rear parallelogram linkage is formed by links 29, 30, a base 31 forming the foot of the support 17 and a coupling 32, which at the same time establishes the connection to the front parallelogram. This in turn consists of the links 33, 34 with the coupling 32 as the base and the one connecting them at the other end Coupling 35, which in turn forms the pressure piece of the attachment device resting against the floor of the projectile. The two parallelogram linkages have the task of guiding the pressure piece 35 parallel to the floor of the floor 4 during the entire movement sequence. The links 29, 33 and 30, 34 arranged one behind the other each form an articulated lever which is shown in the extended position in FIGS. 6 and 7. The links 29, 33 of one articulated lever are connected to the coupling 32 via a joint 36, and the links 30, 34 forming the other articulated lever are directly connected to one another via a joint 37. The joint 37 of the articulated lever is bridged by means of a joint spreader 38, 39, which in turn has a joint 40. The coupling 32 is designed as a guide in which the joint 40 of the joint struts 38, 39 is guided, for example by means of a sliding block. In this way, a lateral compensation movement is possible, which ensures that the pressure piece 35 is always guided in the tube axis. The extended position of the arms of the articulated levers 29, 33 and 30, 34 is limited by appropriate stops at the ends of the handlebars facing each other. The lever linkage 17 can be folded laterally from the extended position 17 ″ in order to reach the collapsed position 17 ′. For this purpose, a curve piece 41 controlled by the former during the return of the charging cradle 13 and the support 17 acts on a roller 42 in the region of the rear end of the lever linkage and forces it to fold laterally (downward in the drawing).

Die Ladeschale 13 weist einen eigenen Antrieb 43 auf, der z.B. als Elektromotor ausgebildet ist und über eine Spindel 44 auf einen Ansatz 45 mit Spindelmutter am Sockel 22 wirkt. Mittels des Antriebs 43 wird die Ladeschale 13 und das eingelegte Geschoß 4 aus der Ausgangslage 4' , in der sich die Stütze 17 in ihrer zusammengeklappten Lage 17' befindet (Fig. 5), in die Vorlageposition 4' ' gefahren. Bei dieser Bewegung wird das Hebelgestänge über nicht gezeigte Mitnehmer an der Ladeschale mitgenommen, dabei aufgerichtet und in die Strecklage 17' ' gebracht (Fig. 6).The charging cradle 13 has its own drive 43, which is designed, for example, as an electric motor and acts via a spindle 44 on an attachment 45 with a spindle nut on the base 22. By means of the drive 43, the charging cradle 13 and the inserted projectile 4 are moved from the initial position 4 ', in which the support 17 is in its folded position 17' (FIG. 5), to the template position 4 ''. During this movement, the lever linkage is not shown on the driver on the charging cradle taken, erected and brought into the extended position 17 '' (Fig. 6).

Als Antrieb 21 für die Ansetzbewegung der Stütze 17 dient eine motorisch vorgespannte Zugfeder 46, die über ein mehrgliedriges Getriebe auf die Stütze wirkt. Die Feder 46 ist in der Ausgangslage entspannt (Fig. 5). Sie erstreckt sich zwischen zwei Widerlager 47, 48, von denen das vordere Widerlager 48 zum Spannen der Feder verfahrbar ist. Zu diesem Zweck ist ein Motor 49 vorgesehen, der über eine Kette 50 oder dergleichen auf eine die Feder 46 durchsetzende Spindel 51 treibt, die wiederum das Widerlager 48 antreibt und in der Vorlageposition (Fig. 6) die Feder unter Vorspannung setzt. Zwischen der Feder 46 und der Stütze 17 ist ein Getriebe 52 und ein Kettentrieb 53 angeordnet. Das Getriebe 52 weist eine Zahnstange 54 auf, die an ihrem einen Ende das Widerlager 47 bildet und die den gesamten Federweg mitläuft. Die Zahnstange 54 kämmt mit einem ortsfesten Ritzel 55, auf dessen Achse ein Übersetzungsrad 56 sitzt, das wiederum mit der Verzahnung an einem Kettenrad 57 kämmt. Ritzel 55, Übersetzungsrad 56 und Kettenrad 57 sind gemeinsam an einem Lagerbock 58 gelagert. Das treibende Kettenrad 57 gehört zu dem insgesamt mit 53 bezeichneten Kettentrieb, der zwei weitere ortsfeste Umlenkräder 59 und 60 aufweist. Ferner ist am vorderen und hinteren Ende der Ladeschale 13 je ein Kettenrad 61 und 62 gelagert. Die Kette 63 ist mit beiden Enden mit der Stütze 17 bzw. dem sie bildenden Hebelgestänge verbunden, nämlich einerseits am Führungsschlitten 26 im Bereich der Basis 31 bei 64, andererseits am vorderen Ende des Führungsschlittens 26 bei 65 befestigt. Die Kette 63 ist also von einem Fixpunkt 65 über das vordere Kettenrad 62, das hintere Kettenrad 61 der Ladeschale 13, dann in einer Doppelschleife über das treibende Kettenrad 57 am Lagerbock 58 und schließlich über die ortsfesten Umlenkräder 59, 60 zum hinteren Fixpunkt 64 geführt. Die Übersetzung des Federwegs bzw. des Wegs der Zahnstange 54 über das Ritzel 55 und das Übersetzungsrad 56 größeren Durchmessers beträgt vorzugsweise 1:3,5. An dieser Stelle sei bemerkt, daß das Kettenrad 61 am hinteren Ende der Ladeschale 13 in Fig. 5 nach hinten versetzt gezeichnet ist, um die anderen Teile sichtbar machen zu können. Der richtige Ort der Anordnung ist in Fig. 6 und 7 gezeigt.As the drive 21 for the attachment movement of the support 17, a motor-tension spring 46 is used, which acts on the support via a multi-unit gear. The spring 46 is relaxed in the starting position (Fig. 5). It extends between two abutments 47, 48, of which the front abutment 48 can be moved to tension the spring. For this purpose, a motor 49 is provided which drives via a chain 50 or the like onto a spindle 51 passing through the spring 46, which in turn drives the abutment 48 and in the template position (FIG. 6) sets the spring under prestress. A gear 52 and a chain drive 53 are arranged between the spring 46 and the support 17. The gear 52 has a rack 54 which forms the abutment 47 at one end and which runs along the entire spring travel. The rack 54 meshes with a fixed pinion 55, on the axis of which a transmission wheel 56 is seated, which in turn meshes with the teeth on a chain wheel 57. Pinion 55, transmission gear 56 and chain wheel 57 are mounted together on a bearing block 58. The driving sprocket 57 belongs to the chain drive, designated as a whole by 53, which has two further stationary deflection wheels 59 and 60. Furthermore, a sprocket 61 and 62 is mounted on the front and rear ends of the charging cradle 13. The chain 63 is connected at both ends to the support 17 or to the lever linkage forming it, namely on the one hand to the guide carriage 26 in the region of the base 31 at 64, and on the other hand to the front end of the guide carriage 26 at 65. The chain 63 is thus guided from a fixed point 65 via the front sprocket 62, the rear sprocket 61 of the charging cradle 13, then in a double loop via the driving sprocket 57 on the bearing block 58 and finally via the fixed deflection wheels 59, 60 to the rear fixed point 64. The translation of the spring travel or the path of the rack 54 via the pinion 55 and the transmission wheel 56 larger diameter is preferably 1: 3.5. At this point it should be noted that the sprocket 61 at the rear end of the charging cradle 13 in FIG. 5 is shown offset to the rear in order to make the other parts visible. The correct location of the arrangement is shown in Figs. 6 and 7.

Die Stütze 17 bzw. ihr Führungsschlitten 26 ist von einer Auslöseeinrichtung 66 mit Sperrhaken 67 gehalten, die den Führungsschlitten 26 erst freigibt, wenn die Vorlageposition 4' ' bzw. die Strecklage 17' ' (Fig.6) erreicht ist. Die Auslöseeinrichtung 66 kann von einem Elektromagnet 68 oder dergleichen gesteuert werden.The support 17 or its guide slide 26 is held by a release device 66 with locking hook 67, which only releases the guide slide 26 when the template position 4 ″ or the extended position 17 ″ (FIG. 6) has been reached. The trigger device 66 can be controlled by an electromagnet 68 or the like.

Der Treibladungsraum 18 des Rohrs 2 weist an seinem rückwärtigen Ende vor dem Verschluß 5 (Fig. 1 und 2) einen Bodenring 69 auf, der zumindest im Bereich des unteren Scheitels in den freien Querschnitt des Treibladungsraums hineinragt und als rückwärtige Stütze für die eingelegte Treibladung dient. Dieser Bodenring bildet für das Geschoß 4, insbesondere den Geschoßring 20 eine "Stolperkante", die ein korrektes Ansetzen des Geschosses erschwert. Es wird deshalb die Ladeschale 13 beim Verfahren aus der Ausgangsposition 4' gemäß Fig. 2 und 5 in die Vorlageposition 4' ' gemäß Fig. 3 und 6 bis an den Bodenring 69 herangefahren derart, daß die Ladeschale einen bündigen Übergang am Bodenring 69 herstellt. Zu diesem Zweck weist die Ladeschale 13 an ihrem vorlaufenden Ende eine federnde Zentriernase 70 auf, die in eine Führungsbohrung 71 am Bodenring 69 einläuft.The propellant charge chamber 18 of the tube 2 has at its rear end in front of the closure 5 (FIGS. 1 and 2) a base ring 69 which projects into the free cross section of the propellant charge chamber at least in the region of the lower apex and serves as a rear support for the propellant charge inserted . This floor ring forms a "stumbling edge" for the projectile 4, in particular the projectile ring 20, which makes it difficult to position the projectile correctly. The charging cradle 13 is therefore moved up to the base ring 69 during the movement from the starting position 4 'according to FIGS. 2 and 5 into the template position 4' 'according to FIGS. 3 and 6 such that the charging cradle creates a flush transition on the base ring 69. For this purpose, the charging cradle 13 has a resilient centering lug 70 at its leading end, which runs into a guide bore 71 on the base ring 69.

Nachstehend ist die Funktion des Ansetzvorgangs beschrieben:The function of the attachment process is described below:

In der Ausgangsposition 4' gemäß Fig. 5, in der das in der Ladeschale 13 liegende Geschoß 4 mit der Seelenachse des Rohrs fluchtet, befindet sich das die Stütze 17 bildende Hebelgestänge in der zusammengeklappten Stellung 17' und ist vom Sperrhaken 67 der Auslöseeinrichtung 66 gehalten. Die Feder 46 befindet sich im entspannten Zustand, in der die Zahnstange 54 ihre hintere Position (in der Zeichnung am weitesten rechts) einnimmt. Aus der Ausgangsposition 4' wird die Ladeschale 13 mittels des Antriebs 43 über die Spindel 44 in die Vorlageposition 4' ' gefahren. Synchron hiermit wird die Zugfeder 46 mittels des Antriebs 49 über die Kette 50 und die Spindel 51 unter Vorspannung gesetzt. Ferner nimmt die Ladeschale 13 über einen nicht gezeigten Mitnehmer die das Druckstück bildende Koppel 35 des Hebelgestänges mit, so daß sich dieses aufrichtet und in die Strecklage 17' ' gelangt. Dabei ist das Hebelgestänge nach wie vor durch den Sperrhaken 67 arretiert. In der Vorlageposition 4' ' befindet sich die Ladeschale 13 im Bodenstück des Rohrs 2, so daß das Geschoß bereits in das Rohr hineinragt. In der Vorlagepostion ist die Ladeschale 13 mittels der in die Führungsbohrung 71 eingreifenden Zentriernase 70 am Bodenring 69 des Treibladungsraums 18 zentriert.In the starting position 4 'according to FIG. 5, in which the projectile 4 lying in the charging cradle 13 is aligned with the core axis of the tube, the lever linkage forming the support 17 is located in the folded position 17 'and is held by the locking hook 67 of the release device 66. The spring 46 is in the relaxed state, in which the rack 54 assumes its rear position (on the far right in the drawing). The charging cradle 13 is moved from the starting position 4 'by means of the drive 43 via the spindle 44 into the template position 4''. Synchronously with this, the tension spring 46 is pre-tensioned by means of the drive 49 via the chain 50 and the spindle 51. Furthermore, the charging cradle 13 takes the coupling 35 of the lever linkage, which forms the thrust piece, with it via a driver (not shown), so that it rises and reaches the extended position 17 ″. The lever linkage is still locked by the locking hook 67. In the template position 4 ″, the charging cradle 13 is located in the base of the tube 2, so that the projectile already protrudes into the tube. In the template position, the charging cradle 13 is centered on the base ring 69 of the propellant charge space 18 by means of the centering lug 70 which engages in the guide bore 71.

In der Vorlagepostion 4' ' (Fig. 6) gibt die Auslöseeinrichtung bzw. deren Sperrhaken 68 den Führungsschlitten 26 der jetzt gestreckten Stütze frei, so daß sich die Feder 46 entspannen kann. Dabei nimmt sie über das hintere Widerlager 47 die Zahnstange 54 mit. Diese treibt das Ritzel 55 mit dem Übersetzungsrad 56, dessen Drehmoment auf das Kettenrad 57 und damit auf die Kette 63 übertragen wird. Der Führungsschlitten 26 und damit die gestreckte Stütze 17 werden gegenüber der Ladeschale 13 nach vorne beschleunigt, wobei das Druckstück 35 das Geschoß über den Bodenring 69 hinaus beschleunigt und und das Geschoß sich im Rohr bis in die Ansetzposition 4' ' ' frei weiterbewegt. In der Ansetzposition 4' ' ' ist das Geschoß mittels seines Rings 20 in den Zügen des Rohrs verrammt.In the template position 4 ″ (FIG. 6), the release device or its locking hook 68 releases the guide slide 26 of the now extended support so that the spring 46 can relax. It takes the rack 54 with it via the rear abutment 47. This drives the pinion 55 with the transmission wheel 56, the torque of which is transmitted to the chain wheel 57 and thus to the chain 63. The guide carriage 26 and thus the extended support 17 are accelerated forward relative to the charging cradle 13, the pressure piece 35 accelerating the projectile beyond the base ring 69 and the projectile moving freely in the tube into the attachment position 4 '' '. In the attachment position 4 '' ', the projectile is locked in the trains of the tube by means of its ring 20.

Nach dem Ansetzen wird die entspannte Feder 46 mittels des Motors 49 über das vordere Widerlager 48 in die Ausgangsposition gemäß Fig. 5 zurückgefahren, wobei die Zahnstange 54 und das hintere Widerlager 47 mitgenommen wird. Die Bewegung der Zahnstange wird über den Kettentrieb 53, der jetzt umgekehrt läuft, auf die Stütze 17 übertragen. Während der Rückholbewegung der Stütze 17 wird auch die Ladeschale 13 mittels ihres Antriebs 43 in die Ausgangsposition verfahren. Gegen Ende der Rückholbewegung der Stütze 17 wird über das von der Ladeschale 13 gesteuerte Kurvenstück 41 auf die Rolle 42 am Lenker 29 eine Kraft ausgeübt, die das Hebelgestänge in seine Klapplage (in der Zeichnung nach unten) zwingt. Zuvor ist der Führungsschlitten 26 bereits in den Sperrhaken 68 der Auslöseeinrichtung 67 eingelaufen, so daß schließlich die Ausgangsposition gemäß Fig. 5 erreicht ist.After attachment, the relaxed spring 46 is moved into the starting position by means of the motor 49 via the front abutment 48 5, with the rack 54 and the rear abutment 47 being carried along. The movement of the rack is transmitted to the support 17 via the chain drive 53, which now runs in reverse. During the return movement of the support 17, the charging cradle 13 is also moved into the starting position by means of its drive 43. Towards the end of the return movement of the support 17, a force is exerted on the curve 42 controlled by the charging cradle 13 on the roller 42 on the handlebar 29, which forces the lever linkage into its folded position (downward in the drawing). The guide carriage 26 has already run into the locking hook 68 of the triggering device 67, so that the starting position according to FIG. 5 is finally reached.

Es sei noch angemerkt, daß die Stabilität der Stütze für das Beschleunigen des Geschosses durch ein geringes Überfahren einer Totlage der Gelenke 36, 37 des Hebelgestänges optimiert wird. Dieses Überfahren der Totlage kann durch eine entsprechend aufgespannte Feder unterstützt werden.It should also be noted that the stability of the support for accelerating the projectile is optimized by slightly passing over a dead position of the joints 36, 37 of the lever linkage. This passing over of the dead position can be supported by an appropriately clamped spring.

Claims (19)

  1. Mechanism for loading guns, particularly armoured howitzers, with a propellant charge chamber, comprising a loading arm (8) pivotably mounted on the pivot bearing of the tube (2) and having a loading tray (13) for a shell (4) and a rammer (16) acting on the bottom of the shell (4) and having a drive, the shell (4) being bringable by means of the loading arm (8) into a starting position (4') aligned with the core axis of the tube (2) and is transported by means of the rammer (16) into the tube (2) and is rammed therein, characterized in that the loading tray (13) in a guide (24) on the loading arm (8) can be moved between the starting position (4') and a receiving position (4'') centered on the tube and that the rammer (16) has a support (17) brought into the starting position (4') and acting on the bottom of the shell (4), which must synchronously with the movement of the loading tray into the receiving position (4''), can be brought into an extended position (17''), in which by means of the drive (21) it is displaceable in a guide (23',27) relative to the fixed loading tray (13) and accompanied by the acceleration of the shell into the tube (2).
  2. Mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the support (17) is coupled by means of dogs to the loading tray (13) and can be raised into the extended position (17'') by the travelling motion thereof.
  3. Mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the drive (21) of the rammer (16) is formed by at least one motor-pretensioned spring (46), a gear (52) with a transmission (56) converting the spring deflection into a rotary movement and a chain drive (53) coupled to the gear and acting on the support (17) in the extended position.
  4. Mechanism according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the gear comprises a rack (54), a fixed pinion (55) meshing with the latter and a pulley (56) located on the spindle thereof and which drives a chain wheel (57) of the chain drive (53).
  5. Mechanism according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the spring deflection is geared up by means of the gear (52,56) to at least 1:2 and preferably to more than 1:3.
  6. Mechanism according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the spring deflection is geared up by means of different diameters of the pinion (55) and the pulley (56) connected thereto.
  7. Mechanism according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the rack (54) is connected to one end of the spring (46) and the pinion (55) is mounted in fixed manner on the loading arm (8) and that on the other end of the spring acts the motor (49) tensioning it with the rack (54) fixed.
  8. Mechanism according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the chain drive (53) comprises a chain (63) which is guided over the driving chain wheel (56), two chain wheels (61,62) arranged one at each end of the loading tray (13) to one side of the support (17) and from the driving chain wheel (57) by means of at least one chain wheel (59,60) fitted to the loading arm (8) to the other side of the support and which chain is fixed with its ends to the support, the fixed points (64,65) being located at points not influenced during the extending movement of the support (17).
  9. Mechanism according to one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the support (17) is formed from a lever bar, which can be brought from a flat folded together position (17') in the starting position (4') into a stable extended position (17'') in the receiving position (4'').
  10. Mechanism according to one of the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the lever bar comprises two successively connected parallelogram linkages, whose successive guide rods (29,33 or 30,34) in each case form an articulated lever articulated at one end to a base (31) forming the foot of the support and at the other end to a pressure piece-forming connecting rod (35) acting on the bottom of the shell (4), the toggle joint (37) of one articulated lever (30,34) being bridged by a joint brace (38,39), whose joint (40) runs in a guide which extends between the articulated levers and is placed on the joint (36) of the other articulated lever (29,33).
  11. Mechanism according to one of the claims 1 to 10, characterized in that with the lever bar forming the support (17) is associated a stop device (41,42), which bends the lever bar to the side on bringing together.
  12. Mechanism according to one of the claims 1 to 11, characterized in that in the vicinity of its lower apex the loading tray (13) has an elongated slot (25) in which runs a slide (26) arranged on the support (17) after reaching the receiving position (4'') during the ramming movement.
  13. Mechanism according to one of the claims 1 to 12, characterized in that on the base (31) of the lever bar forming the support (17) acts a release mechanism (67), which locks the support during the raising of the lever bar from the folded up position (17') into the extended position (17'') and at the same time by means of the chain (53) blocks the gear (52) and consequently fixes the end of the spring (46) connected to the rack (54), which during the raising of the lever bar is pretensioned by means of the motor (49), and that the release mechanism (67) releases the extended support (17) and therefore the chain, so that the biasing force of the spring acts via the gear and the chain on the support and the latter accelerates the shell (4) into the ramming position.
  14. Mechanism according to one of the claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the loading tray (13) in the receiving position (4'') is centered in the vicinity of the bottom of the tube (2).
  15. Mechanism according to one of the claims 1 to 14 for a gun, whose propellant charge chamber is rearwardly bounded by a bottom ring for supporting the inserted propellant charge projecting into the vicinity of the lower apex in the free cross-section of the tube, characterized in that the loading tray (13) is centered on the bottom ring (69).
  16. Mechanism according to one of the claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the bottom ring (69) has a depression (71) and the loading tray (13) a centering nose (70) engaging in the latter.
  17. Device according to one of the claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the centering nose (51) is spring-absorbed.
  18. Mechanism according to one of the claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the loading tray (13) can be returned by means of its drive (43) from the receiving position (4'') into the starting position (4').
  19. Mechanism according to one of the claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the support (17) can be returned from the ramming position (4'''), via the receiving position (4'') into the starting position (4') by means of the motor (49) for pretensioning the spring (46), which by means of the relaxed spring carries along the rack (54) and via the gear (52) the chain drive (53), the loading tray (13) acting on the stop device initiating the folding movement of the lever bar on reaching the starting position.
EP91104084A 1990-04-04 1991-03-16 Loading mechanism for guns, especially armoured howitzers Expired - Lifetime EP0450373B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT91104084T ATE101260T1 (en) 1990-04-04 1991-03-16 DEVICE FOR LOADING TUBE WEAPONS, ESPECIALLY ARMORED HOWITZES.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4010845 1990-04-04
DE4010845 1990-04-04

Publications (2)

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EP0450373A1 EP0450373A1 (en) 1991-10-09
EP0450373B1 true EP0450373B1 (en) 1994-02-02

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US (1) US5196643A (en)
EP (1) EP0450373B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE101260T1 (en)
DE (2) DE59100969D1 (en)

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CN102288069B (en) * 2011-06-16 2013-06-19 南京理工大学 Coordinator capable of achieving filling under condition of dynamic and random firing angle
KR101974079B1 (en) 2014-10-28 2019-04-30 한화디펜스 주식회사 Apparatus for feeding charge
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FR1015102A (en) * 1938-03-28 1952-08-27 Schneider & Cie Automatic device for loading large caliber guns
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DE59100969D1 (en) 1994-03-17
US5196643A (en) 1993-03-23
ATE101260T1 (en) 1994-02-15
EP0450373A1 (en) 1991-10-09
DE4108662A1 (en) 1991-10-10

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