EP2889089A1 - Procédé et dispositif de nettoyage d'un électrofiltre - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de nettoyage d'un électrofiltre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2889089A1
EP2889089A1 EP14195633.4A EP14195633A EP2889089A1 EP 2889089 A1 EP2889089 A1 EP 2889089A1 EP 14195633 A EP14195633 A EP 14195633A EP 2889089 A1 EP2889089 A1 EP 2889089A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid
cleaning
exhaust gas
ash container
electrostatic precipitator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14195633.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2889089B1 (fr
Inventor
Hans-Jürgen BRANDT
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Windhager Zentralheizung Technik GmbH
Original Assignee
Windhager Zentralheizung Technik GmbH
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Publication of EP2889089A1 publication Critical patent/EP2889089A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/74—Cleaning the electrodes
    • B03C3/78—Cleaning the electrodes by washing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/16—Plant or installations having external electricity supply wet type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
    • B03C3/49—Collecting-electrodes tubular
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/66—Applications of electricity supply techniques
    • B03C3/68—Control systems therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/82—Housings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/88—Cleaning-out collected particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/08—Ionising electrode being a rod
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/24—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation for measuring or calculating parameters, efficiency, etc.

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for cleaning an electrostatic filter for the exhaust gas purification of solid fuel firing, in particular pellet firing, wherein a defined amount of cleaning liquid, in particular water, is sprayed onto the electrostatic precipitator at certain time intervals and impurities are washed off on at least one electrode of the electrostatic precipitator by the cleaning liquid. Furthermore, the invention relates to a cleaning device for cleaning an electrostatic precipitator for the purification of solids firing, in particular pellet firing, with at least one controlled by a control device injector to spray a defined amount of cleaning liquid at certain time intervals on the electrostatic precipitator and wash off impurities on the electrostatic precipitator, and an ash container for Collect the solid combustion residues.
  • WO 10/057488 A1 From the WO 10/057488 A1 is a wet-cleaning electrostatic precipitator for exhaust gas purification for the exhaust gases of biomass combustion known, in which the electrostatic precipitator has a Abscheidhunt through which the exhaust gas is passed, wherein in the region of the Abscheidhunt or adjacent to this a charging device for electrostatic charging of located in the exhaust Particles is arranged.
  • a separation device In the region of the deposition chamber, a separation device is arranged, through which the charged particles flow, wherein a discharge device for a cleaning liquid sprays the region of the deposition device periodically and cleans the particles deposited on the surface of the deposition device.
  • the cleaning fluid formed by, for example, water is passed into the sewage network or reused.
  • the dirty water with the impurities washed off by the electrostatic precipitator can contain problematic substances, such as heavy metals, which must not be disposed of via the sewer system.
  • a reprocessing of the dirty water is - especially for small systems - expensive because a variety of components such as pumping equipment, etc. are required.
  • the object of the invention is to avoid these disadvantages and to allow a cost-effective and environmentally friendly cleaning of the electrostatic precipitator.
  • this is achieved by collecting the dirty liquid draining from the electrostatic precipitator in an ash container, and by causing the entire liquid portion of the collected dirty liquid in the ash container to evaporate or evaporate.
  • the drainage running ash container is placed under the electrostatic precipitator so that the entire Dirty liquid draining from the electrostatic filter can be collected in the ash container, and the entire liquid content of the collected dirty liquid in the ash container can evaporate or evaporate.
  • the heat for evaporation or vaporization of the liquid fraction in the dirty liquid is preferably provided by the exhaust gas.
  • the cleaning liquid in particular tap water from the existing water pipe with the available water pipe pressure, passed through a solenoid valve to the injector and the polluted surface of the electrostatic precipitator is supplied with the cleaning liquid via injectors, whereby adhering dirt is removed.
  • the dirty liquid flows or drips downwards and enters the ash container arranged below the electrostatic precipitator.
  • the liquid content of the dirty liquid is evaporated or evaporated, so that only the solid portions remain in the ash container and occasionally together the solid combustion residues in a conventional manner, for example with the residual waste, can be disposed of.
  • the residual moisture in the ash container can be measured via a moisture sensor. If this residual moisture is too high immediately before a planned further injection of the cleaning liquid and is above a defined limit value, then the following injection of the cleaning liquid is not released and thus fails.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a furnace 1 of a solid fuel 2, for example, for combustion of fuel pellets, with an arranged between the solid fuel 2 and a chimney 3 exhaust pipe 5.
  • a cleaning module 6 is arranged, wherein within the housing 7 of the cleaning module 6, a high voltage unit and an electrostatic filter 9 having a positive precipitating electrode 10 formed by, for example, a sheath electrode and a negative spraying electrode 11 formed by a center electrode, for example, are disposed in the exhaust gas flow path 12.
  • the collecting electrode 10 is arranged substantially vertically.
  • the flow also takes place within the electrostatic precipitator 9 in the vertical direction.
  • the flow within the cleaning module 6 is indicated by arrows S.
  • Upstream, ie below, of the electrostatic precipitator 9, an ash container 13, which can be removed from the housing 7, is provided for catching fly ash, which forms an ash collecting space 14.
  • an insulator for the power supply to the spray electrode 11 is designated.
  • the electrostatic filter 9 serves for the separation of the particles in the exhaust gas and works in a known manner on the basis of the electrostatic principle.
  • the deposition in the electrostatic filter 9 comprises the steps: release of electrical charges, Charging the dust particles in the electric field, transporting the charged dust particles to the collecting electrode 10, adhering the dust particles to the collecting electrode 10 and removing the dust layer from the collecting electrode 10.
  • a cleaning device 15 which has an injection device 16 for a cleaning liquid, for example water.
  • a cleaning liquid for example water.
  • the example fed with tap water a supply water line injector 16 is disposed in the ash collecting space 14 below the electrostatic precipitator 9.
  • the cleaning liquid can be injected via one or more nozzles 17 up to the collecting electrode 10, whereby the adhering dust particles are washed off.
  • the dirty cleaning liquid - the dirty liquid - flows through its own weight along with the entrained dust particles along the collecting electrode 10 down and on into the ash container 13.
  • the trained as removable from the housing 7 tray ash tray 13 is executed without running, so that the collected waste liquid remains in the ash container 13, so neither a sewer system, nor a reprocessing system is supplied.
  • the exhaust gas emitted from the solid fuel 2 passes through the inlet opening 18 in the cleaning module 6, is guided through a downpipe 19 down in and horizontally through the ash tray 13 formed by the ash tray 13, wherein it sweeps over the surface of the collected in the ash container 13 dirty liquid and these are heated. Thereafter, the exhaust gas is deflected upward and flows through the inlet hopper 20 into the electrostatic precipitator 9, wherein dust particles are charged and adhered to the collecting electrode 10. After passing through the electrostatic precipitator 9, the exhaust gas leaves the cleaning module 6 through the outlet 21 and is finally fed to the chimney 3.
  • the exhaust gas temperature T A must be sufficiently high. Therefore, it is advantageous if the exhaust gas temperature T A is measured via at least one temperature sensor 22 and / or the moisture of the residues in the ash container 13 via a humidity sensor 23 and a control unit 24 is supplied. If the exhaust gas temperature T A below a limit of, for example, 100 ° C, or indicates the moisture sensor too high a water content in the ash of the ash container 13, so there is no further injection of the cleaning liquid until the exhaust gas temperature and / or the moisture content is back within the desired range ,
  • the time interval t R between two injection events is thus dependent on the exhaust gas temperature T A , the exhaust gas volume, the surface of the dirty liquid in the ash container 13, and / or the collected amount of dirty liquid.
  • the control unit 24 calculates the time interval t R and controls the injection of the cleaning fluid via at least one valve 25 formed, for example, by a magnetic valve.
  • the control unit 24 controls the switching on and off of the current for the electrostatic filter 9, as well as the injection of the cleaning liquid.
  • the electrostatic filter 9 is always turned on when the solid fuel firing is in operation, so even during startup and shutdown of the furnace 1 system, but not with deactivated solid fuel 2.
  • the control unit 23 is a cleaning program - time-controlled and / or by the exhaust gas temperature T.
  • the drying time .DELTA.t F for the electric filter 9 may for example be 5 to 30 minutes.
  • the turn-on time t F for the electrostatic filter 9 may then be more than 2 hours, for example.
  • a cleaning of the electrostatic filter 9 can for example be done 1 to 4 times a day.
  • a quantity of cleaning liquid of, for example, 0.5 liters per injection process is sufficient.
  • water is injected under the available line pressure, whereby feed pumps can be dispensed with. If the line pressure is too low, it is of course also possible to use a self-pump for injection.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
EP14195633.4A 2013-12-27 2014-12-01 Procédé et dispositif de nettoyage d'un électrofiltre Active EP2889089B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA50858/2013A AT514928B1 (de) 2013-12-27 2013-12-27 Verfahren zum Reinigen eines Elektrofilters

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2889089A1 true EP2889089A1 (fr) 2015-07-01
EP2889089B1 EP2889089B1 (fr) 2017-08-23

Family

ID=52101023

Family Applications (1)

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EP14195633.4A Active EP2889089B1 (fr) 2013-12-27 2014-12-01 Procédé et dispositif de nettoyage d'un électrofiltre

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EP (1) EP2889089B1 (fr)
AT (1) AT514928B1 (fr)

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1382037A (en) * 1917-08-11 1921-06-21 Int Precipitation Co Process and apparatus for recovering soluble constituents from furnace-fumes
DE2138247A1 (de) * 1970-08-01 1972-02-10 Masuda Senichi Elektrische Staubsammelvorrichtung
DE2749886A1 (de) * 1977-11-08 1979-05-10 Saarberg Hoelter Verfahren zur ausschleusung der salzfracht fuer rauchgas-waschanlagen, vorzugsweise bei entschwefelungsanlagen von kraftwerken und muellverbrennungsentsorgungsanlagen, aus dem waschfluessigkeitskreislauf
DE3307999A1 (de) * 1982-06-01 1984-09-13 Frank Dieter Dipl.-Phys. Dr. 8000 München Peschanel Verfahren und anlage zur verminderung von schadstoffen in gasen
US6193782B1 (en) * 1999-03-30 2001-02-27 Croll Reynolds Clean Air Technologies, Inc. Modular condensing wet electrostatic precipitators and method
US6294003B1 (en) * 1999-03-30 2001-09-25 Croll Reynolds Clean Air Technologies, Inc. Modular condensing wet electrostatic precipitators
US6488740B1 (en) * 2000-03-01 2002-12-03 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Apparatus and method for decreasing contaminants present in a flue gas stream
WO2010057488A1 (fr) 2008-11-20 2010-05-27 Fachhochschule Gelsenkirchen Électrofiltre d'épuration par voie humide pour épurer des gaz d'échappement ainsi qu'un procédé approprié à cet effet

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT406024B (de) * 1995-05-02 2000-01-25 Scheuch Alois Gmbh Anlage zur elektrostatischen reinigung von staubhaltigem abgas
US8092578B2 (en) * 2008-08-25 2012-01-10 Eisenmann Corporation Method and apparatus for eliminating or reducing waste effluent from a wet electrostatic precipitator
FI20096157A (fi) * 2009-11-06 2011-05-07 Lo Group Oy Menetelmä ilmanpuhdistimen sähköisen suodatinkennon puhdistamiseksi

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1382037A (en) * 1917-08-11 1921-06-21 Int Precipitation Co Process and apparatus for recovering soluble constituents from furnace-fumes
DE2138247A1 (de) * 1970-08-01 1972-02-10 Masuda Senichi Elektrische Staubsammelvorrichtung
DE2749886A1 (de) * 1977-11-08 1979-05-10 Saarberg Hoelter Verfahren zur ausschleusung der salzfracht fuer rauchgas-waschanlagen, vorzugsweise bei entschwefelungsanlagen von kraftwerken und muellverbrennungsentsorgungsanlagen, aus dem waschfluessigkeitskreislauf
DE3307999A1 (de) * 1982-06-01 1984-09-13 Frank Dieter Dipl.-Phys. Dr. 8000 München Peschanel Verfahren und anlage zur verminderung von schadstoffen in gasen
US6193782B1 (en) * 1999-03-30 2001-02-27 Croll Reynolds Clean Air Technologies, Inc. Modular condensing wet electrostatic precipitators and method
US6294003B1 (en) * 1999-03-30 2001-09-25 Croll Reynolds Clean Air Technologies, Inc. Modular condensing wet electrostatic precipitators
US6488740B1 (en) * 2000-03-01 2002-12-03 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Apparatus and method for decreasing contaminants present in a flue gas stream
WO2010057488A1 (fr) 2008-11-20 2010-05-27 Fachhochschule Gelsenkirchen Électrofiltre d'épuration par voie humide pour épurer des gaz d'échappement ainsi qu'un procédé approprié à cet effet

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT514928A4 (de) 2015-05-15
EP2889089B1 (fr) 2017-08-23
AT514928B1 (de) 2015-05-15

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