EP2888064B1 - Procédé de formage - Google Patents

Procédé de formage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2888064B1
EP2888064B1 EP13752631.5A EP13752631A EP2888064B1 EP 2888064 B1 EP2888064 B1 EP 2888064B1 EP 13752631 A EP13752631 A EP 13752631A EP 2888064 B1 EP2888064 B1 EP 2888064B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
forming
workpiece
tool
rotary
wobble
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP13752631.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2888064A1 (fr
Inventor
Sönke RÜSCH
Lars WETTERAU
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Volkswagen AG
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Volkswagen AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Volkswagen AG filed Critical Volkswagen AG
Publication of EP2888064A1 publication Critical patent/EP2888064A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2888064B1 publication Critical patent/EP2888064B1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
    • B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J9/00—Forging presses
    • B21J9/02—Special design or construction
    • B21J9/025—Special design or construction with rolling or wobbling dies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/28—Making machine elements wheels; discs
    • B21K1/30—Making machine elements wheels; discs with gear-teeth

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tumble forming or rotary forging process in which a workpiece is brought to a certain temperature range and formed by means of a forming tool, the forming force transmitted during the forming by an upper, first tool of the forming tool that is tilted and rotated relative to the workpiece a partial area of an essentially rotationally symmetrical first deformation surface of the workpiece to be deformed acts, and the partial area which does not exceed the size of a sector of the first deformation surface with a reduced area compared to the entire first deformation surface is continuously changed during the action of the essentially constant deformation force, so that at the end of a cycle the entire first forming surface was subjected to the forming force, and wherein the forming tool acts with a lower, second tool that is also tilted in relation to the workpiece and is rotatingly moved on a partial surface, which is congruent to the partial surface of the first forming surface, of a second forming surface of the workpiece opposite the first forming surface, wherein the two tools of the
  • a ring-like component is forged in that two punches, each at an angle from above and below, carry out a synchronously tumbling movement and pressing the workpiece between them.
  • the workpiece is enclosed by a toothed die, in the gaps between the teeth of which material displaced outwards flows during the forming process.
  • a double rotary forging process which differs from the aforementioned double wobble forming process essentially in the choice of the axis of rotation of the punches, is from JP S62 21439 A known.
  • the FR 2 819 203 A1 discloses the rapid manufacture of short stub shaft sections.
  • a tubular shaft blank is advanced step by step by means of a feed tool, so that its end face by means of a tumbling Forming punch can be formed into a flange.
  • the feed tool then moves back and leaves the machined part standing so that a finished stub shaft section can be sheared off.
  • the feed tool then moves forward again in order to bring the new end face of the blank into the machining position.
  • the WO 93/01906 A1 relates to a wobble press with a wobbling first die half and an axially parallel moving second die half.
  • the products of the mass and the distance from the center of gravity should cancel each other out by means of a counter mass, and continuous operation with increased wobble frequency and a reduction in the forming time of a workpiece, especially in the half and hot range, should be achieved.
  • the second half of the die is not moved.
  • the SU 1430146 A discloses a tumbling process with a tumbling upper die half and a fixed lower die half.
  • the WO 2001/034323 A1 discloses a method for axial forming rolling or stamping of workpieces by means of two rotors with axes of rotation inclined to one another. For this purpose, several tools are arranged exactly opposite one another on the circumference and close to form a cavity when the rollers come into contact.
  • the DE 10 2005 027 259 A1 describes a forging process for the production of metallic components by warm forming of blanks made of alloys with a superplastic structure. As a result, the forming pressure in the forming tool is kept well below the forming pressure of the corresponding alloy required for forging.
  • the DE 10 2007 023 087 A1 relates to a method for producing cams from a hardenable steel material for a camshaft in an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle.
  • the manufacturing method comprises a reshaping of a semi-finished product to produce a cam blank and a subsequent heat treatment of the cam blank.
  • the bar material or the cam disk can, depending on the material, be heated to a temperature of up to 400 ° C - 500 ° C before the forming, so that the forming takes place as warm forming.
  • Such a temperature increase naturally increases the deformability.
  • the temperature is selected in such a way that the deformation takes place without impairing the structure and no scaling occurs.
  • the DE 10 2009 025 023 A1 relates to a method of manufacturing a camshaft using warm pressing.
  • Warm forging uses lower temperatures than hot forging, which means that there is generally no material hardening.
  • high-strength materials can be used which already have high-strength properties.
  • the temperature only needs to be increased in areas that facilitate forming - in particular to temperatures below 850 ° C., preferably between 500 ° C. and 700 ° C.
  • the basic rule is that high degrees of deformation require a high deformation temperature.
  • hot forming in the temperature range between 1,000 ° C and 1,200 ° C achieves a high formability of ⁇ > 4.
  • this is associated with a high consumption of energy when heating the workpiece to the high temperature.
  • Another major disadvantage associated with hot forming is the high cost of post-machining, in particular due to the need to remove the scale that arises at high temperatures, for example by means of blasting.
  • the loss of material proves to be disadvantageous because considerable oversize must be provided to compensate for the deviations and inaccuracies that occur. Due to the layers of scale, it is also impossible in practice to integrate several process steps into one tool, since disruptive scale could impair the function.
  • the advantage of forming at lower temperatures lies in the lower energy consumption for heating and the high level of accuracy that can be achieved in this way, with no scaling at the same time.
  • a method for producing a rack by cold forming in which a cylindrical blank is formed between an upper and lower tool.
  • a die part performs a tumbling motion on the blank during the pressing process. Due to the partial deformation area compared to upsetting, a lower normal stress is achieved, which leads to an increase in the tool life.
  • a starting material with a substantially circular cross-section is inserted between the molding tools in a first step using an embossing device with at least three molding tools movable relative to one another.
  • a force is then exerted on at least one of the molding tools in a direction through which the molding tools move relative to one another.
  • the starting material is formed into a blank for the rack, which in the axial area of the rack teeth is given a shape that deviates from a circular cylinder.
  • the starting material can be shaped without major strain hardening in those areas of the blank which experience major deformations in the further course of the production of the rack.
  • An additional advantage of this method is that a blank shape can be achieved in a simple manner with which burr formation is avoided in a subsequent forming process, in particular in the case of a tumbling process.
  • the invention is based on the object of making a method of the generic type more energy-efficient and precise.
  • a forming process is therefore provided in which the forming force transmitted by the forming tool acts during the forming process only on a small sub-area as a partial area of the forming area of the workpiece to be reshaped, the sub-area being in particular continuously changed during the effect of an essentially constant reshaping force, so that after At the end of a cycle, a deformation force is applied to the entire surface.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that at a comparatively low temperature, in the area of cold forming or only slightly above and thus far below the temperature of warm forming, a significantly improved formability can be achieved if the forming force is not transmitted to the entire forming surface at the same time, but acts successively on a step-by-step or continuously changing partial surface until the entire forming surface is at least once with the Forming force is loaded.
  • the deformation force is thus partially or incrementally transferred to the sub-area, the selected sub-area being changed, in particular continuously, in relation to the deformation area after a predetermined cycle.
  • the forming process is used in a temperature range between 50.degree. C. and 450.degree.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the method is also implemented in that the workpiece is heated to a temperature between 100 ° C. to 300 ° C., in particular is heated between 150 ° C and 250 ° C and that the temperature is kept essentially constant during the deformation. According to current knowledge, this temperature range constitutes an optimum in terms of formability and the required post-processing effort.
  • the forming tool can be designed in such a way that different positions can be set and thus partial areas of different sizes can be acted upon in order to increase the pressure locally.
  • the forming tool has an adjustable active surface or is arranged interchangeably on a tool holder, the size of the partial surfaces can easily be predetermined.
  • the change in the partial area takes place continuously, so that the relative movement between the forming tool and the surface of the workpiece is carried out continuously parallel to the surface. In this way, homogeneous deformation is achieved, which leads to a further improvement in the material quality.
  • the forming process according to the invention is limited to certain workpiece geometries, namely to shapes in which the surface to be formed is point-symmetrical or essentially rotationally symmetrical, the partial surface on which the forming tool acts during the transfer of the forming force, the size of a sector with a reduced area compared to the surface to be formed Area share does not exceed.
  • workpieces are suitable in which an in particular at least partially cylindrical blank made of steel is used.
  • the workpiece can be fixed in place during the forming process or it can be moved relative to the forming tool.
  • the partial introduction of the forming force results essentially from an inclination of the forming tool in that the active surface of the forming tool is not aligned parallel to the partial surface of the workpiece.
  • the forming tool acts with a first tool on a partial surface of the first forming surface of the workpiece and with a second tool acts on a partial surface of a second forming surface of the workpiece that is in particular uniform to the partial surface of the first forming surface.
  • This realizes a double partial reshaping in which both tools are tilted relative to the workpiece. This results in low friction both on the upper and on the lower tool.
  • high degrees of deformation can be achieved on both outer surfaces of the workpiece, which means that, for example, spur gears can be optimally manufactured.
  • the method is also suitable, for example, for spur gears with a small toothing module or for high toothing, which for the first time can be produced by forming at temperatures below the scaling limit.
  • the two tools are moved synchronously with one another, that is to say in particular carry out uniform rotational movements.
  • the two tools preferably each have a tool axis which, for example, also enclose an angle between 0 ° and 7 ° that also coincides with the central axis of the workpiece.
  • the tools can also have different angles with respect to the workpiece.
  • both tools or only one tool can perform a feed movement.
  • a substantial increase in the degree of deformation that can be achieved can be achieved by applying a liquid or solid lubricant to the workpiece or the forming tool prior to forming.
  • Figure 1 shows a side view of a forming tool 1 for producing a workpiece 2 designed as a toothed component in a wobble or rotary forging process known per se.
  • the forming tool 1 has a rotationally symmetrical tool 3 which, in order to transmit a forming force to the workpiece 2 held in a die 4, is set in a tumbling movement relative to the central axis 5 or a rotary movement around the tilted tool axis 6. So there is no reversing, but a revolving, rotating movement.
  • a deformation force F of the tool 3 acts on the workpiece 2 held in a die 4 in the area of a partial surface 7, corresponding to a momentary contact surface starting from the central axis 5 to the periphery of the workpiece 2, the deformation force F being between the central axis 5 and a periphery of the molded part has its maximum F max and its minimum F min in the edge area.
  • the workpiece 2 is heated to a temperature of approx.
  • the forming force F is partially transferred to the respective partial surface 7, the selected partial surface 7 changing continuously with respect to the forming surface 8 after a predetermined cycle.
  • the different partial areas 7, 7 ', 7 ", 7"' determined in this way each have a corresponding size and are in FIG Figure 2 indicated. Due to the continuously progressing force F on different partial surfaces 7, 7 ', 7 ", 7'", a swelling force introduction is generated in connection with shear forces, which opposes the purely axial force introduction common according to the prior art with a reduced deformation moment.
  • the forming process according to the invention at lukewarm forming temperatures combines the advantages of hot and cold forming.
  • FIG 3 a representation of a forming tool 9 which can be used in the forming process according to the invention and which has two tools 3, 10 is shown while the forming process is being carried out.
  • the forming tool 9 acts with a first tool 3 on an in Figure 2 Partial surface 7 of the first forming surface 8 of the workpiece shown in more detail and, with a second tool 10, on a partial surface of a second forming surface 11 of the workpiece 2 that is equal to the partial surface 7 of the first forming surface 8. Since the two tools 3, 10 are each not loaded over their entire surface, a low level of friction with simultaneously high degrees of deformation is achieved on both outer surfaces of the workpiece 2.
  • the two tools 3, 10 each have a tool axis 6, 12 which enclose a matching angle with respect to the workpiece 2, so that the tool axes 6, 12 of the two tools 3, 10 are each arranged inclined with respect to a workpiece center axis.
  • a workpiece 2 produced by the forming process according to the invention is also shown as a toothed component, with FIG Figure 4 a bevel gear and in Figure 5 a spur gear is shown.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Procédé de forgeage rotatif ou de formage oscillant, dans lequel une pièce à travailler (2) est amenée à une plage de températures définie et déformée au moyen d'un outil de formage (1, 9), la force de formage (F) transmise pendant le formage par un premier outil supérieur (1) de l'outil de formage (1, 9) basculé et déplacé en rotation par rapport à la pièce à travailler (2), agissant sur une surface partielle (7) d'une première surface de formage (8) de la pièce à travailler (2) essentiellement symétrique en rotation devant être formée, et la surface partielle (7), qui ne dépasse pas la taille d'un secteur de la première surface de formage (8) avec une part de surface réduite par rapport à la totalité de la première surface de formage (8), étant modifiée en continu pendant l'action de la force de formage (F) essentiellement constante, de sorte qu'à la fin d'un cycle, la totalité de la première surface de formage (8, 11) ait été exposée à la force de formage (F),
    et l'outil de formage (9) agissant avec un deuxième outil inférieur (10) également basculé et déplacé en rotation par rapport à la pièce à travailler (2) sur une surface partielle congruente par rapport à la surface partielle (7) de la première surface de formage (8) d'une deuxième surface de formage (11) opposée à la première surface de formage (11) de la pièce à travailler (2),
    les deux outils (1, 9) de l'outil de formage étant déplacés de manière synchrone l'un par rapport à l'autre selon des mouvements de rotation uniformes caractérisé en ce
    que le procédé de formage est réalisé entre 50 °C et 450 °C dans la plage de température de formage tiède de la pièce à travailler et avec un degré de formage de partiellement ϕ > 4.
  2. Procédé de forgeage rotatif ou de formage oscillant selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la piece à travailler (2) est chauffée à une température entre 100 °C et 300 °C, en particulier entre 150 °C et 250 °C, et que la température est maintenue essentiellement constante pendant le formage.
  3. Procédé de forgeage rotatif ou de formage oscillant selon au moins une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le formage est réalisé avec une course sans recuit intermédiaire.
  4. Procédé de forgeage rotatif ou de formage oscillant selon au moins une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le formage est réalisé depuis un état de départ jusqu'à une géométrie de consigne prédéfinie pendant un seul cycle ou plusieurs cycles complets.
  5. Procédé de forgeage rotatif ou de formage oscillant selon au moins une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les surfaces partielles (7) exposées à la force de formage (F) pendant un cycle sont de dimensions essentiellement identiques.
  6. Procédé de forgeage rotatif ou de formage oscillant selon au moins une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la surface de formage (8, 11) est essentiellement de forme circulaire, la surface partielle (7) ne dépassant pas la taille d'un secteur avec une aire de surface de 25 % de la surface de formage (8, 11).
  7. Procédé de forgeage rotatif ou de formage oscillant selon au moins une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les deux outils (3, 10) présentent respectivement un axe d'outil (6, 12), qui forme un angle concordant avec l'axe médian de la pièce à travailler (2).
EP13752631.5A 2012-08-27 2013-08-22 Procédé de formage Active EP2888064B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012016926.4A DE102012016926A1 (de) 2012-08-27 2012-08-27 Umformverfahren und ein nach diesem Umformverfahren hergestelltes Formteil
PCT/EP2013/067433 WO2014033038A1 (fr) 2012-08-27 2013-08-22 Procédé de formage et composant d'engrenage fabriqué selon ce procédé de formage

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2888064A1 EP2888064A1 (fr) 2015-07-01
EP2888064B1 true EP2888064B1 (fr) 2020-10-14

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EP13752631.5A Active EP2888064B1 (fr) 2012-08-27 2013-08-22 Procédé de formage

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EP (1) EP2888064B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN104582874B (fr)
DE (1) DE102012016926A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014033038A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102020200649A1 (de) * 2020-01-21 2021-07-22 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Partielle Umformung zum Herstellen von Kühlkörpern

Citations (3)

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JPS6221439A (ja) * 1985-07-18 1987-01-29 Kobe Steel Ltd 回転鍛造装置
JPS6277145A (ja) * 1985-09-30 1987-04-09 Kobe Steel Ltd 揺動鍛造装置
DE19525868A1 (de) * 1995-05-30 1996-12-05 Thyssen Industrie Verfahren zum Herstellen von ringförmigen Werkstücken aus Metall mit profiliertem Querschnitt und Walzwerk zu dessen Durchführung

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DE3202254C2 (de) * 1982-01-25 1986-02-20 Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen Ag, 7990 Friedrichshafen Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen einer Zahnstange
SU1430146A1 (ru) * 1986-11-10 1988-10-15 Предприятие П/Я Р-6205 Способ штамповки металлических заготовок
US4899570A (en) * 1988-04-05 1990-02-13 Teledyne Industries, Inc. Apparatus and method of rotary forging with induction heating
CH685105A5 (de) * 1991-07-22 1995-03-31 Colcon Anstalt Taumelpresse.
CN2187503Y (zh) * 1994-02-26 1995-01-18 方东 摆动辗压机
DE19839428A1 (de) * 1998-08-29 2000-03-02 Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Zahnstange und Prägevorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens
WO2001034323A1 (fr) * 1999-11-05 2001-05-17 Fritz Feldmeier Machine de formage
DE10100868B4 (de) * 2001-01-11 2008-01-17 Sms Eumuco Gmbh Kaltwalz-Umformmaschine und Werkzeug zum Herstellen von flanschförmigen Erzeugnissen bzw. von Flanschen aus einem zylindrischen Vorprodukt
DE10339350B4 (de) 2003-08-25 2011-06-30 ISE Automotive GmbH, 51702 Verfahren zum Halbwarm-oder Warmumformen von Blechen
DE102005027259B4 (de) 2005-06-13 2012-09-27 Daimler Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von metallischen Bauteilen durch Halbwarm-Umformung
DE102007023087B4 (de) 2007-05-16 2017-03-02 Daimler Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Nockens
CN101185952A (zh) * 2007-11-05 2008-05-28 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 双面辗压成形方法及双面辗压成形设备
DE102009025023A1 (de) 2009-06-10 2010-12-16 Neumayer Tekfor Holding Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Nockenwelle und entsprechende Nockenwelle

Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6221439A (ja) * 1985-07-18 1987-01-29 Kobe Steel Ltd 回転鍛造装置
JPS6277145A (ja) * 1985-09-30 1987-04-09 Kobe Steel Ltd 揺動鍛造装置
DE19525868A1 (de) * 1995-05-30 1996-12-05 Thyssen Industrie Verfahren zum Herstellen von ringförmigen Werkstücken aus Metall mit profiliertem Querschnitt und Walzwerk zu dessen Durchführung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102012016926A1 (de) 2014-02-27
EP2888064A1 (fr) 2015-07-01
CN104582874A (zh) 2015-04-29
WO2014033038A1 (fr) 2014-03-06
CN104582874B (zh) 2017-08-11

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