EP2881662B1 - Buse de pulvérisation et brûleur et dispositif de combustion équipés de celle-ci - Google Patents

Buse de pulvérisation et brûleur et dispositif de combustion équipés de celle-ci Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2881662B1
EP2881662B1 EP13827932.8A EP13827932A EP2881662B1 EP 2881662 B1 EP2881662 B1 EP 2881662B1 EP 13827932 A EP13827932 A EP 13827932A EP 2881662 B1 EP2881662 B1 EP 2881662B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spray
spray nozzle
fuel
flow paths
mixed fluid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP13827932.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2881662A1 (fr
EP2881662A4 (fr
Inventor
Hirofumi Okazaki
Koji Kuramashi
Hideo Okimoto
Akihito Orii
Kenichi Ochi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsubishi Power Ltd
Original Assignee
Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems Ltd
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Publication of EP2881662A1 publication Critical patent/EP2881662A1/fr
Publication of EP2881662A4 publication Critical patent/EP2881662A4/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/38—Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/02—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape
    • B05B1/04—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape in flat form, e.g. fan-like, sheet-like
    • B05B1/044—Slits, i.e. narrow openings defined by two straight and parallel lips; Elongated outlets for producing very wide discharges, e.g. fluid curtains
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/025—Nozzles having elongated outlets, e.g. slots, for the material to be sprayed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0483—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with gas and liquid jets intersecting in the mixing chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/08—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/101—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/101—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet
    • F23D11/102—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet in an internal mixing chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/101—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet
    • F23D11/104—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet intersecting at a sharp angle, e.g. Y-jet atomiser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/12—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlets from the nozzle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F23D17/007—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel liquid or pulverulent fuel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a spray nozzle and a burner and a combustion device that are equipped the spray nozzle, and more particularly to a spray nozzle that is suitable for atomizing a spray fluid (liquid) by using a spray medium (gas) and a burner and a combustion device that are equipped with the spray nozzle.
  • a spray nozzle as described above is often used to burn an auxiliary fuel that is used for activation and flame stabilization.
  • a spray nozzle type there is a two-fluid spray method in which atomization is performed by supplying air or steam as a spray medium used for atomization besides a spray fluid and then mixing it with the spray fluid.
  • the steam supplied into the combustion device becomes moisture in an exhaust combustion gas. If the amount of exhaust combustion gas is increased, the thermal coefficient of the combustion device is lowered due to this moisture.
  • Patent Literature 1 mixed fluids of a spray fluid and a spray medium are supplied so that they face each other in the vicinity of an outlet hole formed at the front end of a spray nozzle and the opposing flows of the mixed fluids collide with each other to facilitate atomization.
  • the spray medium is mixed with the spray fluid in a flow path disposed upstream of the outlet hole in the spray nozzle and the mixed fluid collides with the other mixed fluid in the vicinity of the outlet hole. Since a mixed fluid of a spray fluid and a spray medium is used, atomization is performed with a stronger collision force of the spray fluid than when the spray fluid is used alone.
  • Patent Literature 2 An example of a spray nozzle having a plurality of outlet holes is described in Patent Literature 2.
  • Patent Literature 2 describes an example of a so-called intermediate mixing type of spray nozzle in which a spray fluid and a spray medium are mixed at intermediate point of a flow path.
  • Patent Literature 3 describes an example of a so-called internal mixing type of spray nozzle in which a spray fluid and a spray medium are mixed in a space provided upstream of the outlet hole in the spray nozzle.
  • US 4645129 discloses an atomizing nozzle in which a plurality of oil streams are directed outwardly from an oil stream into a generally annularly shaped gas stream in a annularly shaped mixing chamber to form a mixture of oil and gas. Said mixture is then directed through plural passages inwardly for impingement with one another to form an atomizate, and the atomizate is directed outwardly in a pluarilty of separate streams from the nozzle.
  • the two-fluid spray nozzle described in Patent Literature 1 above internally includes a flow path of a spray fluid (liquid) and a flow path of a spray medium (gas), which is disposed at the outer peripheral position of the flow path of the spray fluid.
  • Directions of flows in the flow paths of the spray fluid and spray medium are changed by partition walls that enclose the outlet hole formed at the front end of the spray nozzle. Since both flow paths cross each other, the spray fluid and spray medium are mixed together. Flow paths of the mixed fluid are provided in the vicinity of the outlet hole in the spray nozzle so as to face each other.
  • effects (1) and (2) are mutually contradictory items: if one of them is strengthened, the other is weakened. That is, if the amount of motion of the spray fluid is increased to strength the effect (1), the amount of motion of the spray medium is relatively reduced in comparison with the spray fluid and mixing is thereby slowed, so the effect (2) is weakened. Conversely, if the amount of flow of the spray medium and its flow rate are increased to increase the effect (2), the spray medium become hard to collide with the partition wall, so the effect (1) is weakened.
  • Another problem is that since a distance traveled after the spray fluid and spray medium are mixed until the resulting mixed fluid is jetted from the outlet hole in the spray nozzle is short, it is difficult to uniformly mix the spray fluid and spray medium. If the spray fluid and spray medium are not uniformly mixed, atomization is worsened at a portion at which the ratio of the spray medium is small. In this case, to facilitate atomization, it is necessary to increase the amount of spray medium to be used or increase a force with which the spray medium is pressurized.
  • a problem with a larger capacity to increase the amount of liquid fuel to be jetted per spray nozzle by increasing the number of holes is that when part of outlet holes in the spray nozzle is blocked, atomization performance is lowered and the flow path is blocked.
  • the liquid fuel flowing as the spray fluid is heated due to radiant heat from the interior of the combustion device and the solid content in the liquid fluid may be deposited. If the solid content in the liquid fluid is deposited, the flow path is blocked and the blocked range expands to the upstream side of the flow path, making it hard to perform maintenance.
  • Patent Literature 3 a space in which the spray fluid and spray medium are mixed together (mixing chamber) in Patent Literature 3 is large, so if part of outlet holes in the spray nozzle is blocked, the flowing state in the mixing chamber is changed, making it difficult to maintain a constant ratio between the spray fluid and the spray medium.
  • the present invention addresses the above problems, with the object of providing a spray nozzle that can facilitate atomization of spray fluid and can also reduce the amount of spray medium to be used and a force with which the spray medium is pressurized and providing a burner and a combustion device that are equipped with the spray nozzle.
  • the present invention has an advantage in that it is possible to facilitate atomization of spray fluid and to reduce the amount of spray medium to be used and a force with which the spray medium is pressurized.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a burner that has the spray nozzle in the present invention
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of a combustion device that has the burner.
  • the burner 20 in this embodiment has a spray nozzle 1 at its center and a central axis 21 through which a spray fluid (liquid fuel) and a spray medium (steam, compressed air, or the like) flow.
  • An obstacle 22 used to stabilize a flame is provided in the vicinity of the front end of the central axis 21.
  • a fuel is jetted from the spray nozzle 1 and a spray 23 with a fan shape is formed.
  • the obstacle 22 is generally a swirling flow generator or a disturbing plate having slits.
  • Combustion air is supplied from a window box 24 in three flow paths.
  • the three flow paths are a primary flow path 25, a secondary flow path 26, and a tertiary flow path 27, which are closer to the spray nozzle 1 at the center of the burner 20 in that order.
  • Primary air 28, secondary air 29, and tertiary air 30 are respectively jetted from the primary flow path 25, secondary flow path 26, and tertiary flow path 27 into a furnace interior 31 as combustion air.
  • Directions of the combustion air flow are changed by swirling flow generators 32 and 33 and guide plates 34 to suppress the generation of soot dust and NOx.
  • the flow rate of the combustion air is controlled by a damper (not illustrated) provided in each flow path.
  • the burner 20 is connected to a furnace wall 35.
  • Heat transfer pipes 36 are provided on the furnace wall 35 to collect heat.
  • a plurality of burners 20 (two in FIG. 2 ) are provided on the furnace wall 35.
  • a combustion air supply system 41, liquid fuel supply systems 42, and spray medium supply systems 43 are connected to each burner 20.
  • the combustion air supply system 41 branches to pipes 45 connected to the burners 20 and to a pipe 46 connected to an air supply port 44, the pipe 46 being disposed downstream of the pipes 45.
  • a flow rate adjustment valve (not illustrated) is connected to each of the pipes 45 and pipe 46.
  • a supply unit (not illustrated), which adjusts pressure and the amount of flow, is connected on the upstream side of each of the liquid fuel supply systems 42 and spray medium supply systems 43.
  • the spray nozzle 1 is attached to the downstream end of each liquid fuel supply system 42 and spray medium supply system 43.
  • This embodiment is characterized in that the spray nozzle 1 has a bent part, which changes a flow direction, in a mixed fluid flow path between a mixing part, at which the spray fluid and spray medium are mixed together, and an outlet hole.
  • the spray nozzle 1 in this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGs. 3 and 4 .
  • spray fluids 2 and spray medium 3 in this embodiment pass through independent spray fluid flow paths 4 and 5 and spray medium flow paths 6 and 7, which constitute the spray nozzle 1, and are mixed at intermediate points in the spray fluid paths 4 and 5.
  • Mixed fluids 8 of the spray fluid 2 and spray medium 3 pass through mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10 and collide with each other in the vicinity of an outlet hole 11 in the spray nozzle 1 and are jetted from the outlet hole 11.
  • the mixed fluid 8 jetted from the outlet hole 11 forms a fan-shaped spray in a direction orthogonal to the flow directions of the mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10 (directions in which the mixed fluid flow paths extends) due to the collision in the vicinity of the outlet hole 11.
  • a groove 12 is formed in the same direction as the direction in which the fan-shaped spray is formed.
  • the outlet hole 11 is a part which the groove 12 and mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10 cross each other.
  • the spray fluid 2 is atomized due to mixing with the spray medium 3 and also becomes a thin liquid film due to a collision of the mixed fluids 8 in the outlet hole 11. After being jetted from the outlet hole 11, the liquid film is broken due to a shear force by an ambient gas and is atomized.
  • a spray method of atomizing a liquid film with a collision force of fluids in this way is generally called a fan spray method.
  • the spray easily spreads and a thin liquid film is thereby formed, so many fine particles (with diameters of less than 100 ⁇ m) are formed. Since the amount of motion is small, fine particles are likely to stay in the vicinity of the spray nozzle.
  • Particles that have been atomized to diameters of less than 100 ⁇ m, if possible, 50 ⁇ m or less (these particles will be referred to below as fine particles), have a large surface area for their volumes, so the temperatures of these particles are easily raised and they are easily burned.
  • the spray is ignited at an early time, contributing to flame stabilization and the facilitation of a combustion reaction.
  • the degree of atomization can be adjusted by adjusting the pressure of the mixed fluid and the amount of spray medium (the ratio of the spray medium to the spray fluid).
  • the central portion of a fan spray includes many large particles (with diameters of 100 to 300 ⁇ m).
  • the amount of motion of a large particle is larger than that of a fine particle, so the large particle is likely to be mixed with combustion air flowing at a distant location, but its combustion reaction is slower than that of the fine particle.
  • the spray fluid 2 and spray medium 3 have different densities and viscosities, so they may not be easily mixed together.
  • the mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10 are short or linear, it can be considered that the spray fluid and spray medium flow to the outlet hole 11 without being mixed together.
  • bent parts 13 and 14 are formed in the mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10 between a part (first joining part) at which the spray fluid 2 and spray medium 3 join together and the outlet hole 11 in a part (second joining part) at which the mixed fluids 8 flowing in the oppositely formed mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10 join together.
  • the ratio of the spray medium 3 in the mixed fluid 8 becomes uniform, uniform atomization proceeds, so the amount of spray medium 3 needed to facilitate atomization can be suppressed and, even if a pressure to be applied to the spray fluid 2 and spray medium 3 is reduced, atomization can be maintained.
  • an angle by which the flow directions are changed at the bent parts 13 and 14 is preferably 30 degrees or more but up to about 120 degrees. This is because if the changing angle is 30 degree or less, the change in the flow direction is small, so turbulence is less and mixing is likely not to be facilitated, and because if the changing angle is 120 degrees or more, a pressure loss due to the change of the flow is large.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an example of atomization performance in the first embodiment of the spray nozzle 1 in the present invention.
  • the vertical axis on the left side in the drawing indicates mean particle diameters in a spray
  • the vertical axis on the right side indicates pressure loss ratios
  • the horizontal axis indicates direction changing angles at the bent parts 13 and 14.
  • the pressure loss is based on a changing angle of 90 degrees.
  • the mean particle diameter was obtained for a fan-shaped spay jetted from the outlet hole 11; particle diameters in the spray were optically measured for the long axis and short axis that pass the central axis of the fan-shaped spray at a position 300 mm downstream of the spray and the mean of the measured particle diameters was indicated as the volume-surface mean diameter.
  • the mean particle diameter is about 10 ⁇ m larger than when the direction changing angle is 30 degrees. This is because if the direction changing angle of the bent parts 13 and bent part 14 is small, the change in the flow direction is small and the turbulence is thereby small, making it difficult to facilitate mixing. However, if the changing angle is 120 degrees or more, a pressure loss due to the change in the flow direction becomes large.
  • the changing angle to cause a turbulence in the flow direction at the bent parts 13 and 14 is preferably 30 degrees or more but up to 120 degrees.
  • the spray fluid flow paths 4 and 5 for the spray fluid 2 and the spray medium flow paths 6 and 7 for the spray medium 3 to join together at a crossing angle of 30 to 90 degrees. This is because if the crossing angle is less than 30 degrees, the change in the flow direction is small and the spray fluid 2 and spray medium 3 thereby flow in parallel, making it difficult to facilitate mixing; if the crossing angle is 90 degrees or more, the spray fluid 2 and spray medium 3 are mixed while flowing oppositely, increasing the pressure loss.
  • the surface area per unit weight of a liquid fuel is increased due to atomization, and the combustion reaction is hastened. Accordingly, non-burned content, soot dust, and carbon monoxide at the outlet of the combustion device are reduced, so the combustion efficient can be increased. Since the combustion reaction is hastened, consumption of oxygen proceeds, so generation of nitrogen oxides can be suppressed. Furthermore, since non-burned content, soot dust, and carbon monoxide are reduced, extra air supplied into the combustion device can be reduced. When extra air is reduced, the amount of exhaust combustion gas is also reduced, so it is possible to reduce sensible heat released to the outside of the combustion device together with the exhaust combustion gas and thereby to increase the thermal efficiency.
  • the amount of energy consumption required for supplies and pressurizing forces can be reduced. If steam is used as the spray medium, the thermal efficiency in the combustion device is lowered due to the steam supplied into the combustion device. When the spray nozzle 1 in this embodiment is used, however, even if the amount of steam to be used is reduced, atomization can be maintained as before, so it is possible to prevent thermal efficiency from being lowered.
  • the embodiment can also be applied to a case in which a solid fuel such as powdered coal is used as the main fuel and a liquid fuel is used as an auxiliary fuel.
  • a solid fuel such as powdered coal
  • a liquid fuel is used as an auxiliary fuel.
  • the combustion air branches to the pipes 45 and pipe 46 and is jetted from the burners 20 and air supply ports 44 into the furnace 31.
  • the combustion air is supplied in parts in this way, the temperature of a flame formed by each burner 20 can be reduced.
  • a reducing agent is created from part of nitrogen included in the fuel and a reaction to reduce NOx generated in the combustion to nitrogen occurs.
  • the NOx density at the outlet of the furnace 31 is lower than when all combustion air is supplied from the burner 20. Since the remaining combustion air is supplied from the air supply ports 44 to completely burn the fuel, non-burned content can be reduced.
  • a combustion gas 47 in which combustion air from the air supply ports 44 is mixed passes through a heat exchanger 48 at the top in the furnace 31, also passes through a flue 49, and is released from a chimney 50 to the atmosphere.
  • the spray nozzle 1 in this embodiment can also be applied to a case in which the combustion air is supplied only from the burners 20 without branching the combustion air.
  • FIGs. 1 and 2 illustrate a case in which the burners 20 are attached to one wall surface of the furnace 31, the spray nozzle 1 in this embodiment can also be applied to a case in which the burners 20 are attached to a plurality of wall surfaces and to a case in which they are attached to corners of wall surfaces.
  • the amount of spray medium to be used to facilitate atomization can be suppressed and even if a pressure to be applied to the spray fluid and spray medium is reduced, an effect of maintaining atomization is obtained.
  • FIGs. 6 and 7 illustrate a second embodiment of the spray nozzle in the present invention.
  • the spray nozzle 1 has a plurality of outlet holes, a plurality of second joining parts, at each of which mixed fluids flowing through mixed fluid flow paths formed so as to face each other join together, and a communication flow path that mutually connect the plurality of second joining parts, the communication path being disposed between the first joining parts, at each of which a flow path of a spray fluid and a flow path of a spray medium join together, and the second joining parts.
  • this embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the spray nozzle 1 has a plurality of outlet holes 11A and 11B and in flow path structures formed upstream of the outlet holes 11A and 11B.
  • the spray nozzle 1 has a plurality of outlet holes 11A and 11B and in flow path structures formed upstream of the outlet holes 11A and 11B.
  • descriptions will focus on the flow path structures.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a case in which the spray nozzle 1 vertically has two outlet holes, which are identified by subscripts A and B. However, even if the spray nozzle 1 has more outlet holes, the structure is the same.
  • the spray fluids 2 and spray medium 3 pass through independent spray fluid flow paths 4A, 4B, 5A and 5B and spray medium flow paths 6A, 6B, 7A, and 7B, pass through bent parts 13A, 13B, 14A and 14B, and are mixed at first joining parts.
  • the mixed fluids 8 of the spray fluid 2 and spray medium 3 pass through mixed fluid flow paths 9A, 9B, 10A and 10B and collide with each other in the vicinity of the outlet holes 11A and 11B, which are second joining parts, and are jetted from their respective outlet holes 11A and 11B.
  • the mixed fluids 8 jetted from the outlet holes 11A and 11B each form a fan-shaped spray in a direction orthogonal to the flow direction of the mixed fluid flow path 9A, 9B, 10A or 10B (direction in which the mixed fluid flow path extends) due to a collision.
  • grooves 12A and 12B are formed in the same direction as the direction in which the fan-shaped spray is formed.
  • the outlet holes 11A and 11B are crossing parts of the grooves 12A and 12B and mixed fluid flow paths 9A, 9B, 10A and 10B.
  • the mixed fluid flow paths 10A and 10B are mutually connected with a communication pipe (communication flow path) 60.
  • the mixed fluid flow paths 9A and 9B are mutually connected with a branching pipe (communication path) 61 (see FIG. 7 ).
  • the spray fluid 2 is atomized due to the mixing with the spray medium 3 and also becomes a thin liquid film due to the collision with the mixed fluid 8 in the outlet holes 11A and 11B. After being jetted from the outlet holes 11A and 11B, the liquid film is broken due to a shear force by an ambient gas and is atomized. Since the thin film is atomized due to the force generated by the fluid collision and the mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10 have the bent parts 13 and 14 as in the first embodiment, the mixing of the spray fluid 2 and spray medium 3 is facilitated and atomization is advanced.
  • the amount of jet from the spray nozzle 1 can be increased without increasing the amount of jet from one outlet hole.
  • a problem with a large capacity due to which the amount of jet from the spray nozzle 1 is increased is that when part of outlet holes in the spray nozzle is blocked, atomization performance is lowered and the flow path is blocked.
  • the outlet hole 11A If, for example, the outlet hole 11A is blocked for some reason, flows stop at a portion of the mixed fluid flow path 9A connected to the outlet hole 11A, the portion being close to the outlet hole 11A, and in the branching mixed fluid flow path 10A.
  • the mixed fluid 8 flows through the branching pipe 61 to the outlet hole 11B.
  • the mixed fluid flow path 10A as well as the spray fluid flow path 5A and spray medium flow path 7A disposed upstream of the mixed fluid flow path 10A, the fluid flows through the communication pipe 60 to the outlet hole 11B.
  • the blocked portion is restricted to a portion from the blocked outlet hole to the branching pipe 61, so the blockage can be easily eliminated. If, for example, the outlet hole 11A described above is blocked, the blocked portion is restricted to portions, in the mixed fluid flow paths 9A and 10A, close to the outlet hole 11A.
  • the spray fluid 2 and spray medium 3 are individually mixed together at intermediate points in flow paths, so the ratio of the spray medium 3 to the mixed fluid 8 can be maintained. Therefore, the atomization characteristics of the mixed fluid 8 jetted from each outlet hole can be kept constant.
  • the atomization characteristics of the mixed fluid 8 can be maintained, so the amount of spray medium 3 to be used can be suppressed.
  • a force with which the spray fluid 2 and spray medium 3 are pressurized is increased to increase the amount of jet, it is possible to suppress the pressurization force from being increased.
  • the surface area per unit weight of the liquid fuel is increased due to the atomization of the mixed fluid 8, hastening the combustion reaction. Accordingly, non-burned content, soot dust, and carbon monoxide at the outlet of the combustion device are reduced, so the combustion efficient can be increased. Since the combustion reaction is hastened, consumption of oxygen proceeds, so generation of nitrogen oxides can be suppressed.
  • the amount of energy consumption required for supplies and pressurizing forces can be reduced. If steam is used as the spray medium 2, the thermal efficiency in the combustion device is lowered due to the steam supplied into the combustion device; however, when the spray nozzle 1 in this embodiment is used, even if the amount of steam to be used is reduced, the atomization of the mixed fluid 8 can be maintained as before, preventing the thermal efficiency from being lowered.
  • FIGs. 8 to 10 illustrate a third embodiment of the spray nozzle in the present invention.
  • the embodiment illustrated in these drawings is characterized in that the spray nozzle 1 has a plurality of outlet holes and that the mixed fluid flow path branches to a plurality of paths downstream of the first joining part at which the spray fluid and spray medium joins together and the branching mixed fluid flow paths form flow paths connected to different outlet holes.
  • this embodiment differs from the second embodiment in flow path structures formed upstream of the outlet holes 11A and 11B.
  • descriptions will focus on the flow path structures.
  • FIGs. 8 to 10 illustrate a case in which the spray nozzle 1 vertically has two outlet holes, outlet holes 11A and 11B. However, even if the spray nozzle 1 has more outlet holes, the structure is the same.
  • the spray fluids 2 and spray medium 3 pass through independent spray fluid flow paths 4A and 4B and spray medium flow paths 6A and 6B and are mixed at first joining parts.
  • Mixed fluids 8 of the spray fluid 2 and spray medium 3 pass through mixed fluid flow paths 9A and 9B.
  • the mixed fluid flow paths 9A and 9B branch in the middle and further branch to circular mixed fluid flow paths 9C, 9D, 9E, and 9F, indicated by the dotted lines in FIG. 8 , through which the mixed fluids 8 flow toward the outlet holes 11A and 11B.
  • the outlet holes 11A and 11B in the spray nozzle 1 in this embodiment are concentrically formed with respect to the central axis of the spray nozzle 1, and the flow paths from the branching mixed fluid flow paths 9C, 9D, 9E, and 9F to the second joining parts are circumferentially formed with respect to the central axis of the spray nozzle 1.
  • the mixed fluids 8 collide with each other in the vicinity of the outlet holes 11A and 11B, which are the second joining parts, and are jetted from the outlet holes 11A and 11B.
  • the mixed fluids 8 jetted from the outlet hole 11A and 11B each form a fan-shaped spray in a direction orthogonal to the flow direction of the mixed fluid flow path 9C, 9D, 9E, or 9F (circumferential direction in FIG. 8 ) due to the collision.
  • sprays are formed radially with respect to the central axis of the spray nozzle 1.
  • grooves 12A and 12B are formed in the same direction as the direction in which the fan-shaped sprays are formed (radial direction).
  • the outlet holes 11A and 11B are parts at which the grooves 12A and 12B and the mixed fuel paths cross each other.
  • the spray fluid 2 is atomized due to the mixing with the spray medium 3 and also becomes a thin liquid film due to the collision with the mixed fluid 8 in the outlet holes 11A and 11B. After being jetted from the outlet holes 11A and 11B, the liquid film is broken due to a shear force by an ambient gas and is atomized.
  • the mixing of the spray fluid 2 and spray medium 3 is facilitated and atomization advances.
  • the blocked portion is restricted to a portion from the blocked outlet hole to the branching pipe 61, so the blockage can be easily eliminated. If, for example, the outlet hole 11A described above is blocked, the blocked portion is restricted to the mixed fluid flow paths 9C and 9E in the mixed fluid flow path 9A, which are close to the outlet hole 11A.
  • the spray fluid 2 and spray medium 3 are individually mixed together at intermediate points in flow paths, so the ratio of the spray medium 3 to the mixed fluid 8 can be maintained. Therefore, the atomization characteristics of the mixed fluid 8 jetted from each outlet hole can be kept constant.
  • the atomization characteristics of the mixed fluid 8 can be maintained, so the amount of spray medium 3 to be used can be suppressed.
  • a force with which the spray fluid 2 and spray medium 3 are pressurized is increased to increase the amount of jet, it is possible to suppress the pressurization force from being increased.
  • a combustion device that burns a solid fuel and a liquid fuel has been described as the combustion device in the embodiments described above, but the embodiments can also be, of course, applied to a combustion device that burn fossil fuels instead of a solid fuel and a liquid fuel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Buse (1) de pulvérisation, comprenant :
    au moins deux chemins d'écoulement (4, 5) de fluide de pulvérisation pour faire s'écouler un fluide (2) de pulvérisation ;
    au moins deux chemins d'écoulement (6, 7) de milieu de pulvérisation pour faire s'écouler un milieu (3) de pulvérisation, à chacun desquels se joint un chemin d'écoulement (4, 5) de fluide de pulvérisation correspondant au niveau d'une première partie de jonction ;
    au moins deux chemins d'écoulement (9, 10) de fluide mixte, dans chacun desquels un fluide mixte (8) du fluide (2) de pulvérisation et du milieu (3) de pulvérisation qui se sont rejoints au niveau de la première partie de jonction s'écoule, dans laquelle les chemins d'écoulement (9, 10) de fluide mixte sont disposés en opposition, de manière à se faire face l'un l'autre, et ont une deuxième partie de jonction à proximité d'un trou (11) de sortie, au niveau duquel les fluides mixtes s'écoulant en opposition entrent en collision l'un avec l'autre et se joignent ; et duquel les fluides mixtes (8) sont projetés, et
    une rainure (12) formée au niveau du trou (11) de sortie dans un sens orthogonal au sens d'écoulement des chemins d'écoulement (9, 10) de fluide mixte, le trou de sortie étant la partie de croisement de la rainure (12) et des chemins d'écoulement (9, 10) de fluide mixte,
    dans laquelle une partie incurvée (13, 14) de chacun des chemins d'écoulement (9, 10) de fluide mixte, au niveau de laquelle une direction d'un écoulement du fluide mixte est changée, est formée entre la première partie de jonction et la deuxième partie de jonction des chemins d'écoulement (9, 10) de fluide mixte.
  2. Buse de pulvérisation selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle un angle duquel la partie incurvée (13, 14) formée dans les chemins d'écoulement (9, 10) de fluide mixte entre la première partie de jonction et la deuxième partie de jonction change une direction du fluide mixte (8) est 30 degrés à 120 degrés.
  3. Buse de pulvérisation selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans laquelle : une pluralité des trous (11) de sortie sont formés dans la buse de pulvérisation ; une pluralité des deuxièmes parties de jonction sont formées ; et un chemin d'écoulement (60, 61) de communication qui connecte mutuellement la pluralité des deuxièmes parties de jonction est prévu entre la première partie de jonction et la deuxième partie de jonction.
  4. Buse de pulvérisation selon la revendication 3, dans laquelle le chemin d'écoulement de communication inclut un tuyau (60) de communication et un tuyau (61) de ramification, le tuyau (60) de communication étant configuré de telle manière que deux chemins d'écoulement (9, 10) de fluide mixte positionnés en une position centrale de la buse de pulvérisation communiquent l'un avec l'autre en un point intermédiaire avant d'atteindre le trou (11) de sortie et le tuyau (61) de ramification étant configuré de telle manière que deux chemins d'écoulement (9, 10) de fluide mixte positionnés sur un côté périphérique extérieur de la buse de pulvérisation communiquent l'un avec l'autre en un point intermédiaire avant d'atteindre le trou de sortie.
  5. Buse de pulvérisation selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans laquelle une pluralité des trous (11) de sortie sont formés dans la buse de pulvérisation, et le chemin d'écoulement (9, 10) de fluide mixte se ramifie en une pluralité de chemins en aval de la première partie de jonction et chacun des chemins d'écoulement de fluide mixte se ramifiant est formé comme un chemin d'écoulement qui est connecté aux différents trous (11) de sortie.
  6. Buse de pulvérisation selon la revendication 5, dans laquelle les trous (11) de sortie dans la buse de pulvérisation sont formés concentriquement par rapport à un axe central de la buse de pulvérisation, et les chemins d'écoulement des chemins d'écoulement de fluide mixte se ramifiant jusqu'aux deuxièmes parties de jonction sont formés circonférentiellement par rapport à l'axe central de la buse de pulvérisation.
  7. Buse de pulvérisation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, dans laquelle, dans le trou (11) de sortie dans la buse de pulvérisation, une rainure (12) est formée dans la même direction qu'une direction dans laquelle une pulvérisation est formée depuis la buse de pulvérisation.
  8. Buse de pulvérisation selon la revendication 7, dans laquelle le trou (11) de sortie est une partie au niveau de laquelle la rainure (12) et le chemin (9, 10) de combustible mixte se croisent l'un l'autre.
  9. Brûleur (20) qui utilise un combustible liquide comme un combustible, dans lequel la buse (1) de pulvérisation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8 est utilisée pour amener le fluide liquide jusqu'à une extrémité avant de la buse (1) de pulvérisation comme le fluide (2) de pulvérisation et également amener de la vapeur ou de l'air comprimé jusqu'à l'extrémité avant de la buse de pulvérisation comme le milieu (3) de pulvérisation.
  10. Brûleur (20) équipé avec une buse à combustible depuis laquelle un combustible solide et un gaz porteur du combustible solide sont projetés, une buse (1) de pulvérisation depuis laquelle un combustible liquide est projeté, et une buse de gaz de combustion depuis laquelle un gaz de combustion utilisé pour brûler le combustible solide et le combustible liquide sont projetés, dans lequel
    la buse de pulvérisation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8 est utilisée comme la buse de pulvérisation pour amener le fluide liquide jusqu'à une extrémité avant de la buse de pulvérisation comme le fluide de pulvérisation et également amener de la vapeur ou de l'air comprimé jusqu'à l'extrémité avant de la buse de pulvérisation comme le milieu de pulvérisation.
  11. Dispositif de combustion qui brûle un combustible solide et un combustible liquide, le dispositif de combustion comprenant : un four de combustion qui brûle un combustible ; un système d'amenée de combustible solide par lequel un combustible solide est amené jusqu'au four de combustion ; un système (42) d'amenée de combustible liquide par lequel un combustible liquide est amené jusqu'au four de combustion ; un système (41) d'amenée de gaz de combustion par lequel un gaz de combustion est amené jusqu'au four de combustion ; une pluralité de brûleurs (20) auxquels les chemins d'amenée de combustibles et le système d'amenée de gaz de combustion sont connectés, la pluralité de brûleurs étant disposés sur une paroi de four du four de combustion et étant configurés pour brûler le combustible solide et le combustible liquide ; un échangeur de chaleur qui recueille une chaleur d'un gaz de combustion d'échappement généré dans le four de combustion ; et un carneau par lequel le gaz de combustion d'échappement recueilli est amené jusqu'à un extérieur du four de combustion ; dans lequel
    le brûleur selon la revendication 9 ou 10 est utilisé comme un des brûleurs.
  12. Dispositif de combustion qui brûle un combustible fossile, le dispositif de combustion comprenant : un four de combustion qui brûle un combustible fossile ; un système d'amenée de combustible par lequel un combustible fossile est amené jusqu'au four de combustion ; un système d'amenée de gaz de combustion par lequel un gaz de combustion est amené jusqu'au four de combustion ; un brûleur selon la revendication 9, auquel le système d'amenée de combustible et le système d'amenée de gaz de combustion sont connectés, le brûleur étant disposé sur une paroi de four du four de combustion et étant configuré pour brûler le combustible fossile ; un échangeur de chaleur qui recueille une chaleur d'un gaz de combustion d'échappement généré dans le four de combustion ; et un carneau par lequel le gaz de combustion d'échappement recueilli est amené jusqu'à un extérieur du four de combustion ; dans lequel
    le brûleur utilise un combustible liquide comme le combustible fossile.
EP13827932.8A 2012-08-06 2013-08-05 Buse de pulvérisation et brûleur et dispositif de combustion équipés de celle-ci Active EP2881662B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2012173996A JP6029375B2 (ja) 2012-08-06 2012-08-06 噴霧ノズル及びそれを備えたバーナ並びに燃焼装置
PCT/JP2013/071102 WO2014024813A1 (fr) 2012-08-06 2013-08-05 Buse de pulvérisation et brûleur et dispositif de combustion équipés de celle-ci

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EP2881662A1 EP2881662A1 (fr) 2015-06-10
EP2881662A4 EP2881662A4 (fr) 2016-04-06
EP2881662B1 true EP2881662B1 (fr) 2017-07-19

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JP (1) JP6029375B2 (fr)
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JP5758926B2 (ja) * 2013-01-28 2015-08-05 佐々木　勉 ミスト発生方法、ミスト発生装置
JP6317631B2 (ja) * 2014-06-12 2018-04-25 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 噴霧ノズル、噴霧ノズルを備えた燃焼装置、及びガスタービンプラント
JP6491898B2 (ja) * 2015-02-05 2019-03-27 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 噴霧ノズルおよび噴霧ノズルを用いた燃焼装置、ガスタービンプラント
CN106122954B (zh) * 2016-06-30 2018-03-20 南通业顺机械制造有限公司 一种高精度燃烧器系统
KR101930009B1 (ko) * 2016-11-30 2018-12-17 주식회사 컴버스텍 고온 가압 환경용 버너
DE102017113207A1 (de) * 2017-06-15 2018-12-20 Alfons Kenter Zerstäuberdüse zum Zerstäuben eines Fluids
CN107083258B (zh) * 2017-06-23 2024-03-26 航天长征化学工程股份有限公司 一种气化烧嘴装置
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JP7003983B2 (ja) * 2019-10-18 2022-01-21 株式会社デンソー 液体噴射ノズル及び車両のセンサ洗浄装置

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2014024813A1 (fr) 2014-02-13
JP2014031990A (ja) 2014-02-20
KR101591634B1 (ko) 2016-02-03
JP6029375B2 (ja) 2016-11-24
KR20150036393A (ko) 2015-04-07
EP2881662A1 (fr) 2015-06-10
EP2881662A4 (fr) 2016-04-06

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