EP2874979A1 - Procédé de production d'engrais à libération progressive à partir de résidus de fermentation par encapsulage - Google Patents

Procédé de production d'engrais à libération progressive à partir de résidus de fermentation par encapsulage

Info

Publication number
EP2874979A1
EP2874979A1 EP13740266.5A EP13740266A EP2874979A1 EP 2874979 A1 EP2874979 A1 EP 2874979A1 EP 13740266 A EP13740266 A EP 13740266A EP 2874979 A1 EP2874979 A1 EP 2874979A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
digestate
encapsulation
fermentation residues
fertilizer
fermentation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13740266.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Satyanarayana Narra
Peter Ay
Claudia Glaser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Brandenburgische Technische Universitaet Cottbus
Original Assignee
Brandenburgische Technische Universitaet Cottbus
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Brandenburgische Technische Universitaet Cottbus filed Critical Brandenburgische Technische Universitaet Cottbus
Publication of EP2874979A1 publication Critical patent/EP2874979A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
    • C05F5/006—Waste from chemical processing of material, e.g. diestillation, roasting, cooking
    • C05F5/008—Waste from biochemical processing of material, e.g. fermentation, breweries
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
    • C05G5/16—Films or sheets; Webs; Fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
    • C05G5/37—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings layered or coated with a polymer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/40—Fertilisers incorporated into a matrix
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/45—Form not covered by groups C05G5/10 - C05G5/18, C05G5/20 - C05G5/27, C05G5/30 - C05G5/38 or C05G5/40, e.g. soluble or permeable packaging
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the production of long-term fertilizer from digestate, wherein the ingredients are released from the resulting preparations for a long time.
  • renewable resources are becoming increasingly important for the production of energy, whether in the form of biofuels or in the production of biogas.
  • the process steps to provide these forms of energy are complex and must be checked in terms of carbon footprint, water consumption or the disposal of waste materials.
  • the increasing number of biogas plants leads to a new problem in the field of digestate disposal.
  • a large part of the digestate is used as fertilizer.
  • the exact timing of fertilizer application, as well as the strict monitoring of the ingredients lead to difficulties.
  • new methods must be considered, to store them meaningfully and to protect the ingredients from environmental influences.
  • a currently common method for processing the digestate includes drying prior to application in the field and the discharge of the recovered wastewater into surface waters.
  • a disadvantage of the prior art is that the high proportion of nutrients in the wastewater is associated with a great danger of eutrophication. If there is no separation of liquid and solid phases, there is a risk of the liquid phase seeping into deeper soil layers. The nutrient-rich wastewater can reach groundwater via the groundwater and lead to over-fertilization.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method and a preparation which does not have the disadvantages and deficiencies of the prior art.
  • the invention relates to a method for the encapsulation of digestate, which comprises the following steps:
  • the encapsulation in particular comprises a process in which at least two starting materials are connected to one another. These substances can be present in different states of aggregation. Preferably, one of the substances serves as encasing substance for the other components and includes these. According to the invention, it is preferable if in particular different forms of the encapsulation take place, for example a single, multiple or partial encapsulation, but also a direct and indirect encapsulation is a preferred embodiment. It is further preferred if, in the case of the encapsulation according to the invention, in particular, fermentation residues comprise the capsule contents. In the method, the sequence of the method steps preferably takes place in succession in accordance with steps a) to f). The fermentation residues are especially moist, fibrous, particulate, solid or semi-solid.
  • Fertilizer in the context of the present invention comprises in particular slow-release fertilizer, farm fertilizer, intensive fertilizer.
  • Long-term fertilizer comprises in particular fermentation residues, which are encapsulated in particular by the method according to the present invention.
  • fermentation residues comprise a mixture of liquid and / or solid components, wherein the solid constituents, fibers and / or particles, a length of 1 ⁇ to 100 cm, preferably from 1 mm to 50 cm, more preferably from 500 mm to 25 cm and most preferably from 1 cm to 10 cm.
  • the fermentation residues come from biotechnological processes, in particular fermentations with biogenic material and the production of gas (biogas), liquids (bioethanol) and the process residues.
  • process residues are in particular fermentation residues, digestate residues, digestate residues or fermentation substances.
  • the digestate includes solid-liquid or liquid-liquid mixtures in various proportions. Digestate are subject to during the fermentation process in particular an accumulation of nitrogen and potassium. An enrichment takes place both in solid phase (fibers and / or particles) and liquid phase (soluble ammonium).
  • the fermentation residues after the encapsulation according to the invention are used in particular directly as slow-release fertilizers, enable a long-lasting, controlled release of nutrients, in particular nitrogen and potassium, and there is no pollution (eutrophication) of groundwater, surface waters and wastewater.
  • a surprising effect is that the encapsulation improves soil quality, forms humus, improves crop yield, and enables nutrient accumulation in the soil without the disadvantages of the prior art. It is preferred if the process according to the invention and the preparation according to the invention are used in particular for replacing / reducing the production and use of commercial fertilizer.
  • the use of the present invention in particular as slow-release fertilizer according to the regulatory regulation of fertilization time and fertilization period on the basis of statutory provisions (Regulation on the marketing of fertilizers, culture substrates and plant auxiliaries) is made possible by the encapsulation. It is preferred if the invention makes it possible in particular fertilization in the winter months. That the fertilization can be achieved in particular in winter by the encapsulation of fermentation residues according to the invention was completely surprising. Preferably, the invention prevents in particular an excessive nutrient entry into the soil and also prevents contamination of soil and / or groundwater. It is also surprising that with the present invention in particular an odor nuisance is reduced or eliminated by the digestate.
  • fermentation residues are, in particular, animal or vegetable waste products which are produced, for example, during the production of biogas and the fermentation taking place in the process.
  • the fermentation residues from, for example, biogas plants can, depending on their origin, be subject to include different properties in terms of material composition.
  • the dry matter content varies as well as the proportion of acids and the density of the fibrous content.
  • the size and shape distributions of the fibers may vary depending on the origin of the starting materials.
  • fertilizers from fermentation residues in particular include farmyard manure and organic fertilizers. Farmyard manure refers to those fermentation residues that have arisen from the fermentation of vegetable substances from forestry, agriculture or horticultural enterprises. These may also be partially mixed with animal excreta.
  • organic fertilizers are fertilizers which, for example, have arisen from co-digestion of biowaste in particular.
  • Digestate from animal excretions includes as starting material, for example, pork and / or cattle manure.
  • the unfermented cattle slurry preferably has a dry matter content of, for example, 8%.
  • an average total nitrogen content of, for example, 3.6 kg / t (solid meter) is included, for example, 1, 6 kg / t (solid meter) of ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) are present.
  • phosphorus is contained at 0.7 kg / t (solid meter), potassium at 2.8 kg / t (solid meter) and magnesium at 0.6 kg / t (solid meter).
  • the content of dry matter is, for example, about 6% and is thus lower than that of the cow manure.
  • the average value of total nitrogen is, for example, 3.8 kg / t (solid meter) and the content of NH4-N is 2.5 kg / t (solid meter).
  • 0.6 kg / t (solid meter) of phosphorus, 2.1 kg / t (solid meter) of potassium and in particular 0.4 kg / t (solid meter) of magnesium are included.
  • Pig manure and cattle slurry can also be mixed. There is also the possibility that in smaller parts other types of manure such as chicken dry manure can be used.
  • Fermentation residues within the meaning of the present invention have, for example, altered properties after anaerobic fermentation.
  • the dry matter is converted to methane and, for example, the dry matter content is reduced.
  • the dry matter content of the cattle slurry after fermentation is, for example, 5.8% and the value of pig slurry, for example, 3.8%.
  • the fermentation residues, in particular after anaerobic fermentation are more free-flowing and the pH of the fermentation residues in comparison to the starting material is in particular increased.
  • organic acids are due to fermentation reduced.
  • the total nitrogen content of the digestate is in particular comparable to the starting substance before fermentation.
  • the phosphate, potassium and magnesium contents also preferably remain constant during the fermentation process.
  • cereal and maize silage and other vegetable residual products serve as starting materials for fermentation residues of plant origin. Fermentation residues from corn silage in particular contain particles of different sizes.
  • corn silage has a dry matter content of 32% before fermentation.
  • the total nitrogen content is, for example, 1, 2% (dry matter) and a content of, for example, 1 1, 3% (dry matter) is in the form of NH4-N.
  • 0.24% (dry substance) of phosphate and 1, 13% (dry substance) of potassium are contained.
  • the dry matter content of the silage is for example 10.6%.
  • the mass of nitrogen is in particular 3.42 kg / t (solid meter), of which in particular 20% NH4-N.
  • 0.001 kg / t (solid meter) of potassium and, for example, 0.004 kg / t (solid meter) of phosphates are included.
  • the liquid phase of the fermentation residues comprises in particular a dry matter content of, for example, 5.7% and the solid phase a content of, for example, 24.3%.
  • the total nitrogen value is in particular 4.9 kg / m 3 in the liquid phase and in the solid phase at 5.8 kg / m 3 .
  • the phosphate content (P 2 0 5 ) dominates in the solid phase with 5 kg / m 3 , in contrast, the content of P 2 0 5 in the liquid part of the fermentation residues at, for example, 2.3 kg / m 3 .
  • the NH4 content is slightly higher in the liquid phase at 3.0 kg / m 3 , in contrast to 2.7 kg / m 3 in the solid.
  • the potassium content prevails in the liquid phase with 6.2 kg / m 3 to 5.8 kg / m 3 .
  • Adjuvants include in particular biopolymers, binders and additives.
  • Biopolymers are preferably selected from the group cellulose, polylactic acid (PLA), zein, poly-3-hydroxybutyrate, polyglonic acid, polyethylene, lignin and / or substances which are classified as polypeptide, polynucleotide and polysaccharide.
  • the binders are selected from starch, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), gelatin, pectin, flour, silicon dioxide, lime, water glass, gypsum, clay, which can be used in particular in various concentrations.
  • the binders are preferably capable of binding liquids and solids in the constituent agglomeration process.
  • the additives are in particular able to provide a fertilizing effect depending on the soil specification.
  • the additives preferably include phosphate and potassium.
  • palm fat is preferred, which is preferably obtained by the hydrogenation of palm oil and which, for example, has a density of 826 kg / m 3 (at 105 ° C) and for example a vapor pressure of ⁇ 0.01 mbar (at 20 ° C).
  • the melting temperature of the fat is in particular between 58 ° C and 60 ° C, the dynamic viscosity (at 75 ° C) is preferably 19.5 10 "3 Pa * s.
  • bleached palm oil is used. This includes saturated fatty acids such as palmitic and stearic acid.
  • Castor fat for example, has a melting range of between 88-90 ° C and a density (at 105 ° C) of, for example, 822 kg / m 3 .
  • the vapor pressure (at 20 ° C) is in particular ⁇ 0.01 mbar and the dynamic viscosity of palm fat is preferably 25.3 10 "3 Pa * s (at 100 ° C).
  • the fat is obtained by hydrogenating castor oil.
  • Rizinusfett includes in particular organic fatty acids, such as palmitic and stearic acid.
  • starch is used in the encapsulation according to the invention.
  • the starch granules used in the context of the invention comprise about 20-30% amylose and 70-80% amylopectin and may vary in their physical and chemical properties.
  • the amylose consists of glucose molecules, which are strung together to unbranched chains and linked via a (1, 4) -glucosidic bonds.
  • the main constituent of starch, amylopectin, as well as amylose, consists of D-glucose units. These are in particular branched and arranged in shorter chains.
  • wheat and potato starch is preferably used according to the invention, but corn, rice and cereal starch are also constituents of the present invention.
  • the starch used has a density of between 530-750 kg / m 3.
  • the addition of different enzymes leads, for example, to a breakdown of the structure of the starch chains into different forms and thus to different end products.
  • the enzyme amylase cleaves the structure of linear starch and forms a complex network of ring structures that are free in solution (liquid phase).
  • the spray-drying of starch-amylase solution produces granules with exhaust holes or pores that lead to an inside surface comparable to that of a sponge.
  • These sponge-like granules can in particular absorb within the meaning of the present invention, in particular diverse types and amounts of liquids and allow, for example, that the liquid fermentation residues are released via controlled release to the environment.
  • the mechanical strength of the intermediate and / or end products and the absorption capacity of liquid can be influenced.
  • alginate is used as polysaccharide derivatives in the encapsulation, which is obtained in a further preferred form of brown algae by various treatment steps.
  • Alginate is preferably used in the context of the present invention, which has a solid state and is poorly soluble in water.
  • gelatin is used in particular in the encapsulation according to the invention, comprising 84-86% pure, natural proteins.
  • a small proportion of mineral salts and water is preferably also contained.
  • the gelatin is produced in particular from collagen-containing animal raw materials. Both type A gelatin, which is obtained by acid hydrolysis, mostly from pig skins, and type B gelatin, which is prepared by basic hydrolysis, find particular application in the present invention.
  • the present invention preferably makes use of the property of gelatin, which consists, for example, in that temperature-dependent gels can be formed and from a temperature below 30 ° C gelatin begins to solidify. It is preferred if the melting temperature of anhydrous gelatin is in particular at 230 ° C and the average density, for example at 1350 kg / m 3 .
  • carboxymethyl cellulose is used in the encapsulation according to the invention.
  • carboxymethyl cellulose is used to bind the liquid phase of digestates with fibers.
  • Carboxymethylcellulose is a typical derivative of cellulose and is used, for example, for the production of wallpaper glue.
  • the polysaccharide is obtained as modified cellulose from plant fibers.
  • the polymer carboxymethylcellulose comprises anhydroglucose units and, depending on the degree of polymerization and degree of substitution, has different degrees of solubility and forms more or less viscous solutions.
  • Carboxymethyl cellulose is not soluble in ethanol and only slightly soluble in water.
  • the production of the agglomerates of liquid fermentation residues in the context of the invention takes place, for example, without removal of water. It is further preferred if the agglomeration can be carried out in particular with or without additives.
  • the encapsulation process according to the invention in particular solid and / or liquid fiber material can be obtained as agglomerate. It was surprising that not only unpleasant odors are reduced or eliminated with the method of encapsulation and in particular the agglomeration step for the production of fertilizer capsules in particular from fermentation residues, but preferably also the handling of digestate as fertilizer is simplified. This relates in particular to storage of the fertilizer according to the invention and the transport of the fertilizer according to the invention.
  • an intermediate product is formed which comprises one or more liquid cores of digestate and is surrounded by a shell of auxiliaries.
  • the fermentation residues are encapsulated with a shell comprising alginate and calcium.
  • an intermediate product is formed, which comprises a network structure of liquid and / or solid digestate.
  • the encapsulation according to the invention is usable in particular with respect to the particle size for macroscopically visible particles and / or fibers. But for example, only microscopically visible particles are covered by the invention. Accordingly, the present invention includes in particular methods for microencapsulation as well as methods for macroencapsulation in order to encapsulate fermentation residues, liquid and / or solid. Encapsulation within the meaning of the invention also includes, in particular, coating processes, so-called coatings, in which the fermentation residues are enveloped by auxiliaries and thus encapsulated.
  • microencapsulation and / or macroencapsulation as the production and coating method in the sense of the encapsulation according to the invention is carried out, for example, with the aid of spray nozzles, via which excipients, for example biopolymers and / or additives, are sprayed from the outside onto the fermentation residues.
  • excipients for example biopolymers and / or additives
  • a wrapping of the digestate for example by means of coating, preferably calcium chloride and alginate is used.
  • Coating of the fermentation residues with biopolymers is also preferred according to the invention and can be used, in particular, to produce sponge-like granules as intermediates during agglomeration and to improve these intermediates with regard to the retention of active ingredients, the nutrients of the fermentation residues, in the core material.
  • the biopolymers crosslinked by means of calcium chloride and alginate improve the retention capacity of Active ingredients / ingredients and the granule integrity of the intermediates of the invention.
  • the release of ingredients can be influenced by, in particular, mechanical compression, diffusion or degradation.
  • the preparation in particular comprises films. Further preferred is the use of the preparation as fertilizer and the use of the preparation for the position of sponges and films.
  • the present invention comprises in particular spray-drying processes as a method of encapsulating fermentation residues by means of which, for example, in the presence of, in particular, amylase and starch, sponges and foils are obtainable.
  • the encapsulation of digestate is carried out in such a way that the foams are further processed into films by means of pressing and stamping tools, roller compactors and so-called encapsulation machines.
  • the preparation according to the invention is preferably produced from digestates by the process according to the invention and comprises in particular intermediate and / or end products which comprise auxiliaries, preferably retarding agents, with release-delaying properties.
  • the present invention comprises in particular sponge-like structures, which are capsules with cavities, which are produced by means of an impregnation process, followed by drying. The parameters used are comparable to those of a spray-drying process.
  • the encapsulation of fermentation residues within the meaning of the present invention also includes in particular the filling of capsules.
  • the present invention preferably uses constituent agglomeration processes by means of, for example, pelletizing plates or mixers.
  • the method according to the invention comprises in particular encapsulations with or without dehydration technique, with or without grinding, with or without binder or additives, single or multiple encapsulation, porous or encapsulating encapsulation and combinations thereof.
  • the agglomeration according to the invention preferably comprises a constitutive agglomeration and constituent granulation in which, in particular, various auxiliaries are added and in this way the usability for an individual and specific fertilization effect corresponding to the respective soil types is possible.
  • the invention comprises in particular a direct or indirect encapsulation and the process preparation steps dewatering and / or comminution.
  • the method is so flexible that based on the characteristics of the digestate (solid-liquid or liquid-liquid mixtures) and based on the soil properties and the nature of the fertilizer machines to be used, the method and the respective process steps of the invention can be set individually particular.
  • the release of ingredients from the preparations according to the invention, prepared by the method according to the invention specifically adjustable. This is preferably done by selection
  • agglomerates porous or non-porous, intermediate or final product
  • the biodegradability of the capsules in the soil is achieved by the activity of microorganisms, enzymes or other biomolecules. It is preferred if it is in particular possible with the preparations according to the invention, for example the capsules for use as slow-release fertilizer, to set the desired release frequency of the encapsulated ingredients as a function of time (short-term and long-term effects) and depending on the corresponding soil profile, the fertilization effect.
  • An important parameter in the controlled release of ingredients from capsules is the permeability of the biopolymer.
  • the biopolymer according to the invention allows water-dependent release characteristics of the active substances to be constant over a long period of time.
  • the capsules with their characteristics according to the invention, in particular very effectively improve the long-lasting fertilization time in comparison to conventional products and agglomerates.
  • the controlled release characteristics of capsules are also able to prevent and / or reduce risks related to soil and groundwater contamination and also nitrous oxide emissions.
  • the macroencapsulation comprises agglomerates with fibers and / or particles having a length of from 1 ⁇ m to 100 cm, preferably from 1 mm to 50 cm, more preferably from 500 mm to 25 cm and most preferably from 1 cm to 10 cm includes.
  • the diameter of the fibers and / or particles comprises a range from 1 mm to 100 cm, preferably from 10 mm to 50 cm, more preferably from 100 mm to 10 cm and the diameter most preferably up to 1 cm is.
  • the macroencapsulation in particular uses biodegradable materials (biopolymers) for the encapsulation of, for example, biogenic fermentation residues.
  • the invention encompasses various possibilities of encapsulation, for example single-step or two-step processes. It is preferred if, for example, a porous or enveloping encapsulation in the context of the invention is feasible. It is further preferred if the capsules obtained as the end product can be obtained in various embodiments and sizes such as, for example, spherical, cylindrical, conical or angular shape. Most preferred is the spherical shape.
  • the invention comprises biodegradable polymers (preferably polylactic acid, starch and aginates in combination, alginates, polyethylene and lignin) as encapsulating material.
  • This encapsulant material is preferably processed so that the manufactured capsules for use as slow-release fertilizer meet the requirements of fertilizer guidelines, soil standards and environmental standards.
  • the biopolymers are used in both the direct and indirect enveloping encapsulation of digestate.
  • the most preferred material is starch in combination with other biopolymers in both direct and indirect encapsulation.
  • crushing biogas residues is not mandatory.
  • the processing / encapsulation of the digestate with the method according to the invention is carried out in particular without qualitative and / or quantitative loss of the ingredients / nutrients in the digestate.
  • nitrous oxide emissions are reduced compared to unprocessed digestate or prior art processes.
  • the handling characteristics of the encapsulated digestate are improved compared to the unprocessed digestate or prior art processes.
  • the intermediate and end products obtained by means of the process according to the invention allow, in particular, a long-term fertilization effect by, for example, nitrogen binding and delayed release.
  • the intermediate and end products obtained by means of the process according to the invention show, in particular, a high fertilization efficiency.
  • digestate can be made available as a naturally derived fertilizer (without an industrial production process) for sustained release of soil nutrients.
  • the method comprising the agglomeration of fermentation residues and / or their encapsulation can be varied as required, in particular by selecting the process parameters and / or by, for example, the excipient components. In this way, environmental factors such as soil properties, weather conditions or even seasons can be taken into account by the release rate of nutrients is specifically adjusted. That this is possible with digestates, which constitute a waste product, is surprising and was not obvious to the skilled person by the prior art. Although the suitability of inorganic fertilizer as long-term fertilizer is known to those skilled in the art. It was completely surprising that fermentation residues which are, for example, fibrous, liquid and / or semi-solid and in particular of organic origin, can be obtained as ecologically advantageous long-term fertilizer with the method on which the invention is based.
  • the present invention represents an abrupt improvement of the previous teaching, because fermentation residues discharged as fertilizer have hitherto rapidly released a large proportion of the nutrients, which can lead to a water pollution, for example.
  • the combination of agglomeration and encapsulation opens the possibility for the person skilled in the art to process fermentation residues to slow-release fertilizers, which was hitherto impossible due to their fibrous and heterogeneous structure and the high liquid content.
  • Especially the functional sequence of the individual process steps has proved to be a surprising advantage.
  • the liquid fraction can be separated and also be processed for example by means of encapsulation for long-term fertilizer, which is also a surprising advantage. Achieving a long-term effect especially with liquids is a challenge that has hitherto been unsolved in the field of fertilizers.
  • the method of encapsulating digestate provides in particular an optimal solution for achieving a sustained controlled release of nutrients into the soil with the intermediate and / or final products obtained.
  • the soil fertility is improved with the use of the fertilizer according to the invention, in particular the crop yield is increased and the use of intensive fertilizers can be reduced. Further advantageous measures are contained in the remaining subclaims.
  • FIG. 1 shows agglomerated fibers.
  • FIG. 2 shows encapsulated fermentation liquid with fiber casing.
  • FIG. 3 shows fermentation liquid capsules agglomerated in fibers.
  • Figure 4 shows agglomerated fibers with sheath.
  • FIG. 5 shows encapsulated fermentation liquid with fiber casing and enveloping capsule.
  • FIG. 6 shows fermentation liquid capsules agglomerated in fibers in a casing.
  • FIG. 7 shows the schematic representation of encapsulation processes.
  • FIG. 8 shows the schematic representation of encapsulation processes.
  • FIG. 9 shows the schematic representation of encapsulation processes.
  • FIG. 10 shows the schematic representation of encapsulation processes.
  • FIG. 11 shows the schematic representation of encapsulation processes.
  • FIG. 1 shows the representation of a target product obtained, for example, in a buildup agglomeration.
  • target product 1 and / or target product 3 which are obtained from the processes shown in FIGS. 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11.
  • FIG. 2 for example, represents target product 5, which can be obtained by means of the processes illustrated in FIGS. 7, 9, 10 and 11.
  • FIG. 3 shows target product 5 in the form of a matrix. This matrix can be obtained, for example, by the methods shown in FIGS. 7, 9, 10 and 11.
  • FIG. 4 shows target product 2 and / or 4, which are produced, for example, by means of the schematically illustrated method in FIGS. 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11.
  • target product 4 can be seen, which can be prepared for example by the methods shown in Figures 7, 8, 9, 10 and 1 1.
  • the target product 4 in FIG. For example, the target product 5 provided with a capsule shell.
  • FIG. 6 shows, for example, the target product 4 of the processes shown in FIGS. 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11.
  • Target product 4 comprises as capsule content, for example, the target product 5 in the form of a matrix.
  • Digestate can be crushed, crushed (10 mm particle classification) and crushed (6 mm particle classification).
  • capsules may contain fermentation residues. Fermentation residues are, for example, encapsulated with gelatin or shaken by a PLA shell. Liquid fermentation residues are for example directly or indirectly, after separation of the solids, encapsulated.
  • the direct encapsulation of liquids is possible, for example.
  • liquids can be encapsulated in a matrix.
  • the multiple encapsulation of already encapsulated digestate can also be achieved with PLG as a biopolymer.
  • An indirect encapsulation takes place, for example, with pelletizing plates or mixers.
  • a buildup agglomeration is possible.
  • the resulting agglomerates are to be encapsulated by means of alginate.
  • FIG. 7 shows, for example, which intermediate and end products can be obtained with the encapsulation process and which variations are possible. For example, the process can be done with and without dehydration or with and without comminution.
  • a direct and indirect encapsulation is shown in Figure 7, for example.
  • FIG. 8 shows, for example, an illustration of the method for the direct encapsulation of digestate.
  • FIG. 8 shows the process without drainage and without crushing.
  • FIG. 9 shows, for example, the process for the indirect encapsulation of digestate with dehydration and with comminution. It can be seen, for example, from FIG. 10 how the process for direct encapsulation without drainage and the process for indirect encapsulation with drainage take place.
  • FIG. 11 shows, for example, the process of direct encapsulation without comminution and the process of indirect encapsulation with comminution.
  • Starch-fiber agglomerates with starch as binder are produced. 200 g of dry fibers are mixed with 200 g of gelled starch solution and agglomerated on a granulating plate at a speed of 156 rpm. In order to gelatinize the starch, a starch / water mixture is heated on a hotplate to 70 ° C. with constant stirring. The ratio of starch-water solution will varies in descending order and the experiments are repeated until no more agglomeration succeeds.
  • 200 g of dry fibers are agglomerated with 200 g of liquid gelatin solution. The instant gelatin does not need to be supplied with heat as it starts to gel without temperature.
  • CMC carboxymethylcellulose
  • 200 g of fibers are mixed with 200 g of CMC solution and agglomerated.
  • CMC does not require a gelation temperature.
  • the binder content may for example be between 2% and 50%.
  • Fermentation residues are processed into agglomerates, which are first separated into two phases with a centrifuge at a speed of 2000 rpm.
  • the further experimental procedure differs from that in Example 1 only in three points.
  • the fermentation liquid is used instead of water, the gelling temperature in the starch solution drops by about 8 ° C and the digestate fibers have a high water content.
  • Same binders and comparable proportions as in Example 1 are applicable.
  • the liquid phase is not free. Therefore, in order to process previously untreated fermentation residues into agglomerates, the binders must be mixed directly in solid form under the digestate.
  • the varying ratios of binder are based on the liquid phase. For this, the mass of liquid in 200 g of digestate are determined.
  • the binders can thus gel directly in the wet fibers and exert a binding effect.
  • Starch can not be used in this example 3, as these gelled only by a temperature increase.
  • Gelatin and CMC can be used. It can be produced in this way, different types of products, which differ only in the proportion of the binder contained.
  • the binder content may be, for example, between 2% and 50%, as in Example 1. Subsequent wrapping with alginate is possible.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de production d'engrais à partir de résidus de fermentation par encapsulage des résidus de fermentation, les composants étant libérés des préparations ainsi obtenues sur une longue période. Cette invention concerne en outre l'utilisation de ladite préparation en tant que résidu de fermentation, l'utilisation de la préparation pour produire des structures spongieuses et des films, ainsi qu'un film renfermant cette préparation.
EP13740266.5A 2012-07-20 2013-07-22 Procédé de production d'engrais à libération progressive à partir de résidus de fermentation par encapsulage Withdrawn EP2874979A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012106610.8A DE102012106610B4 (de) 2012-07-20 2012-07-20 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Langzeitdünger aus Gärresten mittels Verkapselung
PCT/EP2013/065416 WO2014013086A1 (fr) 2012-07-20 2013-07-22 Procédé de production d'engrais à libération progressive à partir de résidus de fermentation par encapsulage

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2874979A1 true EP2874979A1 (fr) 2015-05-27

Family

ID=48874282

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13740266.5A Withdrawn EP2874979A1 (fr) 2012-07-20 2013-07-22 Procédé de production d'engrais à libération progressive à partir de résidus de fermentation par encapsulage

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2874979A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102012106610B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014013086A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014003036A1 (de) 2014-03-07 2015-09-24 Gedor Recycling & Rohstoffhandel Gmbh Langzeitdünger
DE102014111821A1 (de) 2014-08-19 2016-02-25 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover Verfahren zur Abtrennung von stickstoffreichen und stickstoffarmen Kondensatfraktionen und Vorrichtung zum Erhalt hiervon
DE102023000322A1 (de) 2022-10-05 2024-04-11 Luce Patent Gmbh Verfahren zur stofflichen und energetischen Verwertung der festen Rückstände der Methanfermentation von Pflanzenteilen
WO2024075126A1 (fr) * 2022-10-06 2024-04-11 Gigablue Ltd Population de particules, procédé de préparation et utilisations de celles-ci

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2082026A5 (en) * 1969-12-26 1971-12-10 Bayer Ag Granular agricultural chemicals - having a solid core coated with absorbent powder
GB2129785B (en) * 1982-08-21 1986-04-30 Chemical Discoveries Sa Plant growing media
DE4040771C1 (fr) * 1990-12-19 1992-07-30 Mfe Marienfelde Gmbh Unternehmen Fuer Ernaehrung, 8542 Roth, De
DE4443881A1 (de) * 1994-12-09 1996-06-13 Tebbe Gerold Düngeelement
DE19717219A1 (de) * 1997-04-24 1998-10-29 Holger Dr Brill Düngemittel
DE10214327A1 (de) * 2001-10-23 2003-05-22 Innogel Ag Zug Netzwerk auf Polysaccharidbasis und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
DE102004058934B4 (de) * 2004-12-07 2010-04-29 Josef Moser Langzeitdünger/Bodenverbesserer mit wildabweisender Wirkung
DE102005048116A1 (de) * 2005-10-06 2007-04-12 Nawaro Bioenergie Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Düngemittelformkörpern aus durch die Energieerzeugung mittels Fermentation in einer Biogasanlage erhaltenen Gärresten
EP2017243B1 (fr) * 2007-06-11 2016-03-16 Landesbetrieb Hessisches Landeslabor Engrais donnant une structure destiné à l'augmentation de la capacité de conservation de l'eau
EP2284141A1 (fr) * 2009-08-12 2011-02-16 Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik Potsdam-Bornim e.V. (ATB) Procédé et dispositif de fabrication de particules de charbon enrichies avec des matières minérales
FR2969464B1 (fr) * 2010-12-23 2015-10-23 Inst Rech Developpement Ird Nouvelles compositions d'inocula fongiques, leur procede de preparation et leur application a l'amelioration de la croissance des cultures

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2014013086A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2014013086A1 (fr) 2014-01-23
DE102012106610B4 (de) 2015-04-09
DE102012106610A1 (de) 2014-01-23

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN103613447B (zh) 一种多元高肥效缓释颗粒肥及其制备方法
EP2307333A1 (fr) Matériau composite à base de matières polymères et d'une matrice minérale, poreuse, ainsi que sa fabrication et son utilisation
DE102011010329A1 (de) Wasser speicherndes und abgebendes organisch basiertes Kompositmaterial sowie dessen Herstellung und Anwendung
WO2011009441A2 (fr) Matière composite expansible pouvant stocker des liquides, sa production et son utilisation
EP1740517A1 (fr) Element moule servant de fertilisant et procede de production associe
DE102012106610B4 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung von Langzeitdünger aus Gärresten mittels Verkapselung
CN104177171A (zh) 一种具有高能活性的草莓包膜肥料及其制备方法
EP3194334B1 (fr) Procede de fabrication de materiau microporeux de carbone et son utilisation
KR101688766B1 (ko) Tpa를 함유한 유기질비료 제조 방법
CN104892326A (zh) 一种以甘蔗渣为主要原料的保水肥
WO1996006060A1 (fr) Procede de traitement, valorisation et transformation en boulettes de composes organiques et inorganiques sous forme solide et liquide, en particulier de biomasse et de boues biogenes telles que des boues d'epuration
DE102004057841A1 (de) Formkörper zum Düngen und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
DE202011004661U1 (de) Expandierender und Flüssigkeiten speichernder Materialverbund und Formkörper
DE102004017876A1 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung von organischen und organisch-mineralischen Düngemitteln unter Verwendung von Vinasse und die nach dem Verfahren hergestellten Düngemittel
DE102006019939B4 (de) Düngemittel und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
DE10339624A1 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung von Düngemitteln durch Konditionierung der Düngungsstoffe vor der Verformung zu Agglomeraten
CN105000950A (zh) 一种富含生物质胶的包膜肥料及其制备方法
WO2022167595A1 (fr) Corps, en particulier corps moulé ou film, produit à partir d'une masse versable ou pâteuse ou d'un matériau granulaire
DE1792218A1 (de) Verfahren zur Verarbeitung organischer feuchter bzw. pastoeser Abfallprodukte
DE102014003036A1 (de) Langzeitdünger
CN110950710A (zh) 一种有机肥料及制备方法
DE3724551A1 (de) Verfahren zur herstellung eines organisch-organischen duengemittels
DE19900071A1 (de) Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Düngemittels aus den Endprodukten biochemischer Gärungsprozesse
DE102018116414A1 (de) Festes rieselfähiges Mehrkomponentengranulat, Verfahren zum Herstellen eines festen rieselfähigen Mehrkomponentengranulates und vollwertiges Düngergranulat
WO2019120964A1 (fr) Nappe de fibres de bois destinée à être utilisée comme substrat pour plantes

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20150211

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 20170201