EP2865814A2 - Wear assembly for excavating equipment - Google Patents
Wear assembly for excavating equipment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2865814A2 EP2865814A2 EP20140180150 EP14180150A EP2865814A2 EP 2865814 A2 EP2865814 A2 EP 2865814A2 EP 20140180150 EP20140180150 EP 20140180150 EP 14180150 A EP14180150 A EP 14180150A EP 2865814 A2 EP2865814 A2 EP 2865814A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wear member
- lock
- socket
- longitudinal axis
- nose
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/88—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements acting by a sucking or forcing effect, e.g. suction dredgers
- E02F3/90—Component parts, e.g. arrangement or adaptation of pumps
- E02F3/92—Digging elements, e.g. suction heads
- E02F3/9212—Mechanical digging means, e.g. suction wheels, i.e. wheel with a suction inlet attached behind the wheel
- E02F3/9225—Mechanical digging means, e.g. suction wheels, i.e. wheel with a suction inlet attached behind the wheel with rotating cutting elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/96—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements for alternate or simultaneous use of different digging elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/96—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements for alternate or simultaneous use of different digging elements
- E02F3/961—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements for alternate or simultaneous use of different digging elements with several digging elements or tools mounted on one machine
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/28—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits
- E02F9/2808—Teeth
- E02F9/2816—Mountings therefor
- E02F9/2833—Retaining means, e.g. pins
- E02F9/2841—Retaining means, e.g. pins resilient
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/28—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits
- E02F9/2808—Teeth
- E02F9/2858—Teeth characterised by shape
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/28—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits
- E02F9/2866—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits for rotating digging elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/28—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits
- E02F9/2883—Wear elements for buckets or implements in general
Abstract
Description
- The present invention pertains to a wear assembly for securing a wear member to excavating equipment, and in particular to a wear assembly that is well suited for attachment and use on a dredge cutterhead.
- Dredge cutterheads are used for excavating earthen material that is underwater, such as a riverbed. In general, a
dredge cutterhead 1 includesseveral arms 2 that extend forward from abase ring 3 to a hub 4 (Fig, 21 ). The arms are spaced about the base ring and formed with a broad spiral about the central axis of the cutterhead. Eacharm 2 is provided with a series of spaced apartteeth 5 to dig into the ground. The teeth are composed of adapters orbases 6 that are fixed to the arms, andpoints 7 that are releasabty attached to the bases by locks 8. - In use, the cutterhead is rotated about its central axis to excavate the earthen material. A suction pipe is provided near the ring to remove the dredged material. To excavate the desired swath of ground, the cutterhead is moved side-to-side as well as forward. On account of swells and other movement of the water, the cutterhead also tends to move up and down, and periodically impact the bottom surface. Further difficulties are caused by the operator's inability to see the ground that is being excavated underneath the water; i.e., unlike most other excavating operations, the dredge cutterhead cannot be effectively guided along a path to best suit the terrain to be excavated. In view of the heavy loads and severe environment, the point and base interconnection needs to be stable and secure.
- The cutterheads are rotated such that the teeth are driven into and through the ground at a rapid rate. Consequently, considerable power is needed to drive the cutterhead, particularly when excavating in rock. In an effort to minimize the power requirements, dredge points are typically provided with elongate, slender bits for easier penetration of the ground. However, as the bit becomes shorter due to wear, the mounting sections of the points will begin to engage the ground in the cutting operation. The mounting section is wider than the bit and is not shaped for reduced drag. On account of the resulting increased drag the mounting sections impose on the cutterhead, the points are usually changed at this time before the bits are fully worn away.
- In accordance with one aspect of the invention, a wear member for excavating equipment is formed with side relief in the working and mounting sections to minimize the drag associated with the digging operation and, in turn, minimize the power needed to drive the equipment. Reduced power consumption, in turn, leads to a more efficient operation and a longer usable life for the wear member.
- In accordance with the invention, the wear member has a transverse configuration where the width of the leading side is larger than the width of the corresponding trailing side so that the sidewalls of the wear member follow in the shadow of the leading side to decrease drag. This use of a smaller trailing side is provided not only through the working end but also at least partially into the mounting end. As a result, the drag experienced by a worn wear member of the invention is less than that of a conventional wear member. Less drag translates into less power consumption and a longer use of the wear member before it needs to be replaced. Accordingly, the working ends of the wear member can be further worn away before replacement is needed.
- In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the wear member has a digging profile that is defined by the transverse configuration of that portion of the wear member that penetrates the ground in one digging pass and in the direction of motion through the ground. In one other aspect of the present invention, side relief in the wear member is provided in the digging profile to lessen the drag experienced during a digging operation. In a preferred embodiment, side relief is provided in every digging profile expected through the life of the wear member including those which encompass the mounting section.
- In another aspect of the invention, the wear member includes a socket for receiving a nose of a base fixed to the excavating equipment. The socket is formed with a generally trapezoidal transverse shape that generally corresponds to the transverse trapezoidal exterior profile of the wear member. This general matching of the socket to the exterior of the mounting section eases manufacture, maximizes the size of the nose, and enhances the strength to weight ratio.
- In a preferred construction, one or more of the top, bottom or side surfaces of a trapezoidal shaped nose and the corresponding walls of the socket are each bowed to fit together. These surfaces and walls have a gradual curvature to ease installation, enhance stability of the wear member, and resist rotation of the wear member about the longitudinal axis during use.
- In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the socket and nose each includes rear stabilizing surfaces that extend substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the wear member and substantially around the perimeter of the socket and nose to resist rearward loads applied in all directions.
- In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the socket and nose are formed with complementary front bearing faces that are substantially hemispherical to lessen stress in the components and to better control the rattle that occurs between the wear member and the base.
- In another aspect of the invention, the socket and nose are formed with front curved bearing faces at their front ends, and with generally trapezoidal transverse shapes rearward of the front ends to improve stability, ease manufacture, maximize the size of the nose, reduce drag, stress and wear, and enhance the strength to weight ratio.
- In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the wear assembly includes a base, a wear member that mounts to the base, and an axially oriented lock that in a compressive state holds the wear member to the base in a manner that is secure, easy to use, readily manufactured, and can tighten the fit of the wear member on the base. In one preferred embodiment, the wear assembly includes an adjustable axial lock.
- In another aspect of the invention, the wear member includes an opening into which the lock is received, and a hole that is formed in a rear wall of the opening to accommodate passage of a lock to stabilize the lock and facilitate easy tightening of the lock.
- In another aspect of the invention, the base interacts with the lock solely through the use of a projecting stop. As a result, there is no need for a hole, recess or passage in the nose such as is typically provided to receive the lock. The nose strength is thus enhanced.
- In another aspect of the invention, the locking arrangement for securing the wear member to the base can be adjusted to consistently apply a predetermined tightening force to the wear member irrespective of the amount of wear that may exist in the base and/or wear member.
- In another aspect of the invention, the wear member includes a marker that can be used to identify when the lock has been adequately tightened.
- In another aspect of the invention, the wear member is installed and secured to the base through an easy to use, novel process involving an axial lock. The wear member fits over a nose of a base fixed to the excavating equipment. The base includes a stop that projects outward from the nose. An axial lock is received into an opening in the wear member and extends between the stop and a bearing surface on the wear member to releasably hold the wear member to the nose.
- In another aspect of the invention, the wear member is first slid over a base fixed to the excavating equipment. An axially oriented lock is positioned with one bearing face against a stop on the base and another bearing face against a bearing wall on the wear member such that the lock is in axial compression. The lock is adjusted to move the wear member tightly onto the base.
- In another aspect of the invention, a lock to releasably hold a wear member to a base includes a threaded linear shaft, with a bearing end and a tool engaging end, a nut threaded onto the shaft, and a spring including a plurality of alternating annular elastomeric disks and annular spacers fit about the threaded shaft between the bearing end and the nut.
- Further advantages, features and potential applications of the present invention may be gathered from the description which follows, in conjunction with the embodiments illustrated in the drawings.
- Throughout the description, the claims and the drawings, those terms and associated reference signs will be used as are notable from the enclosed list of reference signs. In the drawings is shown
- Fig. 1
- a wear assembly in accordance with the present invention;
- Fig. 2
- a side view of a wear member of the invention;
- Fig. 2A
- a side view of a conventional wear member;
- Fig. 3
- a cross-sectional view taken along line 3-3 in
Fig. 2 ; - Fig. 3A
- a cross-sectional view taken along
line 3A-3A inFig. 2A ; - Fig. 4
- a cross-sectional view taken along line 4-4 in
Fig. 2 ; - Fig. 5
- a cross-sectional view taken along line 5-5 in
Fig. 2 ; - Fig. 6
- a cross-sectional view taken along line 6-6 in
Fig. 2 ; - Fig. 6A
- the cross-sectional view taken along
line 6A-6A inFig 2A ; - Fig. 7
- a cross-sectional view taken along line 7-7 in
Fig. 2 ; - Fig. 8
- a cross-sectional view taken along line 8-8 in
Fig. 2 ; - Fig. 9
- a cross-sectional view taken along line 9-9 in
Fig. 1 ; - Fig. 10
- a top view of the wear member;
- Fig. 11
- a rear view of the wear member;
- Fig. 12
- a perspective view of a nose of a base of the invention;
- Fig. 13
- a front view of the nose;
- Fig. 14
- a side view of the nose;
- Fig. 15
- an enlarged perspective view of a lock in the wear assembly;
- Fig. 16
- an enlarged perspective view of the lock in the wear assembly prior to tightening;
- Fig. 17
- a perspective view of the lock;
- Fig. 18
- a side view of the lock;
- Fig. 19
- an exploded, perspective view of the lock;
- Fig. 20
- a perspective view of the lock with the nose (the point has been omitted), and
- Fig. 21
- a side view of a conventional dredge cutterhead.
- The present invention pertains to a
wear assembly 10 for excavating equipment, and is particularly well suited for dredging operations. In this application, the invention is described in terms of a dredge tooth adapted for attachment to a dredge cutterhead. Nevertheless, the different aspects of the invention can be used in conjunction with other kinds of wear assemblies (e.g., shrouds) and for other kinds of excavating equipment (e.g., buckets). - The assembly is at times described in relative terms such as up, down, horizontal, vertical, front and rear; such terms are not considered essential and are provided simply to ease the description. The orientation of a wear member in an excavating operation, and particularly in a dredge operation, can change considerably. These relative terms should be understood with reference to the orientation of
wear assembly 10 as illustrated inFig. 1 unless otherwise stated. -
Wear assembly 10 includes a base 12 secured to a dredge cutterhead, awear member 14, and alock 16 to reteasably hold the wear member to base 12 (Figs. 1-10 ). -
Base 12 includes a forwardly projectingnose 18 onto which wearmember 14 is mounted, and a mounting end (not shown) that is fixed to an arm of a dredge cutterhead (Figs. 1 ,9 and11-14 ). The base may be cast as part of the arm, welded to the arm, or attached by mechanical means. As examples only, the base may be formed and mounted to the cutterhead such as disclosed inU.S. Patent No. 4,470,210 orU.S. Patent No. 6,729,052 . - In a dredge tooth,
wear member 14 is a point provided with a workingsection 21 in the form of an elongate slender bit and a mountingsection 23 that defines asocket 20 to receive nose IS (Figs. 1-10 ).Point 14 is rotated by the cutterhead such that it engages the ground in generally the same way with each digging pass. As a result,point 14 includes a leadingside 25 and a trailingside 27. Leadingside 25 is the side that first engages and leads the penetration of the ground with each rotation of the cutterhead. In the present invention, trailingside 27 has a smaller width than leading side 25 (i.e., along a plane perpendicular to thelongitudinal axis 28 of point 14) through bit 21 (Fig. 5 ) and at least partially through mounting section 23 (Fig. 4 ). In a preferred embodiment, trailingside 27 has a smaller width than leadingside 25 throughout the length of point 14 (Ftgs. 4, 5 and 7). -
Bit 21 ofpoint 14 preferably has a generally trapezoidal transverse configuration with a leadingside 25 that is wider than trailing side 27 (Fig. 5 ). The term "transverse configuration" is used to refer to the two-dimensional configuration along a plane perpendicular to thelongitudinal axis 28 ofwear member 14. On account of this narrowing of the point, sidewalts 29,31 follow in the shadow of leadingside 25 during digging and thereby create little drag on the cutting operation. In a preferred construction, sidewafls 29, 31 converge toward trailingside 27 at an angle 9 of about 16 degrees (Fig. 5 ); however, other angular configurations are possible. The leadingside 25, trailingside 27 and sidewalls 29, 31 can be planar, curved or irregular. Moreover, shapes other than trapezoidal can be used that provide side relief. - In use, dredge
point 14 penetrates the ground to a certain depth with each digging pass (i.e., with each rotation of the cutterhead). During much of the point's useful life, the bit aione penetrates the ground. As one example, the ground level in one digging cycle extends generally along line 3-3 (Fig. 2 ) at the center point of a digging pass. Since only the bit penetrates the ground and the bit is relatively thin, the drag placed on the digging operation is within manageable limits. Nevertheless, with many teeth being constantly driven through the ground at a rapid rate, power requirements are always high and reducing the drag even in the bit is beneficial to the operation, especially when digging through rock. - In a preferred construction, sidewalls 29, 31 not only converge toward trailing
side 27, but are configured so that the sidewalls lie within the shadow of the leadingside 25 in the digging profile. The "digging profile" is used to mean the cross-sectional configuration of the portion ofpoint 14 that penetrates the ground along a plane that is (i) parallel to the direction oftravel 34 at the center point of a digging pass through the ground and <ii) laterally perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The digging profile is a better indication of the drag to be imposed on the point during use than a true transverse cross section. The provision of side relief in the digging profile is dependent on the angle at which the sidewalls converge toward the trailing side and the axial slope or expansion of the point surfaces in a rearward direction. The intention is to provide a width that generally narrows from the leading side to the trailing side when considered from the perspective of the digging profile. Side relief in the digging profile preferably extends across the expected cutterhead digging angles, but benefit can still be obtained if such side relief exists in at least one digging angle. As one example only, the cross-sectional configuration illustrated inFig. 3 represents one diggingprofile 35 for a portion ofpoint 14 being driven through the ground. As can be seen,bit 21 is still provided with side relief even in the digging profile assidewalls side 27 for reduced drag. - As
bit 21 wears away, the ground level gradually creeps rearward so that more rearward, thicker portions of thepoint 14 are pushed through the ground with each digging cycle. More power is therefore required to drive the cutterhead as the points wear. Eventually, enough of the bit wears away such that the mountingsection 23 of thepoint 14 is being driven through the ground with each digging pass. In the present invention, the mountingsection 23 continues to include side relief at least at thefront end 40 of the mounting section (Fig. 4 ), and preferably throughout the mounting section (Figs, 4 and7 ). As seen inFig. 4 , mountingsection 23 is larger thanbit 21 to accommodate the receipt ofnose 18 intosocket 20 and to provide ample strength for the interconnection betweenpoint 14 andbase 12.Sidewalls side 27. The inclination ofsidewalls Fig. 4 ), but other inclinations can also be used. As discussed above, the desired side relief in the digging profile depends on the relation between the transverse inclination of the sidewalls and the axial expansion of the point. - In one
conventional point 14a,bit 21a has a trapezoidal transverse configuration with a leadingside 25a that is wider than trailingside 27a. However, bit 21 a does not provide side relief in the digging profile. As seen inFig. 3A , the diggingprofile 35a (i.e. alongline 3A-3A) inFig. 2A does not have sidewalls 29a, 31a that converge toward trailingside 27a (Figs. 2A and 3A ). Rather, sidewalls 29a, 31a in diggingprofile 35a expand outward at an increasingly greater slope as the sidewails extend toward the trailing side. This outward flaring ofsidewalls point 14 for the digging profile is a better reduction of drag than simply using sidewalls that convey in a transverse configuration. - In one other example,
bit 21 has worn down to an extent where the portion of mountingsection 23 along line 6-6 (Figs. 2 and6 ) is driven through the ground. Even the mountingsection 23 provides side relief for reduced drag; i.e., sidewalls 29,31 converge toward trailing side even in diggingprofile 45. The presence of side relief in diggingprofile 45 imposes less drag and, hence, requires less power to be driven through the ground. The reduced drag, in turn, enables the cutterhead to continue to operate with points worn to the point where the mounting section penetrates the ground. Inconventional point 14a, mountingsection 23a does not have a trapezoidal transverse configuration withsidewails side 27a. Moreover, as seen inFig. 6A , sidewalls 29a, 31 a diverge from leadingside 25a in diggingprofile 45a taken along line 6a-6a encompassing the front end 40a of mountingsection 23a. The lack of side relief in the digging profile imposes a heavy drag on thepoint 14a as it is driven through the ground especially as compared to the presentinventive point 14. With the heavy drag produced bypoints 14a in this condition, many operators will replace the points when the mountingsections 23a begin to be driven through the ground even thoughbits 21 a are not fully worn out. With the present invention, points 14 can stay onbases 12 untilbits 21 are further worn out. - In a preferred construction, the tapering of
sidewalls front end 37 torear end 47 ofpoint 14. As seen inFig. 7 , sidewalls 29,31 converge toward trailingside 27 even at the rear of mountingsection 23. Moreover, side relief is provided even in adigging profile 55 along line 8-8 {Figs. 2 and8 ), i.e., sidewalls 29,31 converge toward trailingside 27 even in this rearward diggingprofile 55. - The use of a
point 14 with side relief inbit 21 and mountingend 23 as described above can be used with virtually any nose and socket configuration. Nonetheless, in one preferred construction,front end 58 ofnose 18 includes a forward-facing bearing face 60 that is convex and curved about two perpendicular axes (figs. 1 ,9 and11-14 ). Likewise, thefront end 62 ofsocket 20 is formed with a complementary concave and curved bearing face 64 to set against bearing face 60 (Figs. 1 ,7 ,9 and11 ). In the illustrated construction, front bearing faces 60, 64 each conforms to a spherical segment to lessen stress in the components due to the application of non-axial loads such as disclosed inUS Patent No. 6,729,052 , which is incorporated in its entirety herein by reference. - Preferably, front ends 58, 62 are each generally hemispherical to reduce the rattle between
point 14 andbase 12 and more effectively resist loads from all directions.Front bearing surface 64 ofsocket 20 is preferably slightly broader than hemispherical at its ends and center to accommodate reliably mounting ofpoints 14 on different bases (i.e., without binding or bottoming out), but which under common loads or following wear operate as a true hemispherical socket surface on the hemispherical bail surface ofbase 12. In aconventional tooth 10a (Fig. 2A ), the point shifts 14a around on the nose as the tooth is forced through the ground. The front ends of the socket and nose are angular with flat bearing surfaces and hard corners. During use,point 14a shifts around on the nose such that the front of the socket 20a rattles around and against the front end of the nose, and the rear end of the socket shifts around and rattles against the rear end of the nose. This shifting and rattling causes the point and base to wear, In the present invention, the use of generally hemispherical front bearing faces 60, 64 substantially reduces the rattle at the front end of thesocket 20 and nose 18 (Figs. 1 and9 ). Rather, the use of smooth, continuous front bearing faces enables the point to roll about the nose to reduce wear. Asmall band 65, substantially parallel to thelongitudinal axis 28, preferably extends directly rearward of the generally hemispherical bearing surfaces to provide additional capacity for the nose to wear and still maintain the desired support. The term "substantially parallel" is intended to include parallel surfaces as well as those that axially diverge rearwardly fromaxis 28 at a small angle (e.g., of about 1-7 degrees) for manufacturing or other purposes. Thesmall band 65 ls preferably axially inclined no more than 5 degrees toaxis 28, and most preferably is axially inclined about 2-3 degrees. -
Nose 18 includes abody 66 rearward of front end 58 (Figs. 11-14 ).Body 66 is defined by anupper surface 68, alower surface 69 and side surfaces 70, 71. In a preferred construction, body surfaces 68-71 diverge rearwardly so thatnose 18 expands outward fromfront end 58 to provide a more robust nose to withstand the rigors of digging. Nevertheless, it is possible for only the upper andlower surfaces Socket 20 has amain portion 76 rearward offront end 62 to receivebody 66.Main portion 76 includes anupper wall 78,lower wall 79 and sidewalls 80,81 that conform to body surfaces 68-71. In a preferred embodiment,body 66 andmain portion 76 each have a trapezoidal transverse configuration. The use of a trapezoidal shape predominantly along the length ofnose 18 andsocket 20 provides fourcorners wear member 14 aboutaxis 28. - Also, in a preferred embodiment, at least one of the body surfaces 68-71 and socket walls 78-81 (and preferably all of them) have mutually bowed configurations (
Figs. 7 ,11 and13 ); that is, body surfaces 68-71 are preferably concave and curved across substantially their entire widths to define atrough 84 on each of the four sides ofbody 66. Likewise, socket walls 78-81 are preferably convex and curved across substantially their entire widths to defineprojections 86 received intotroughs 84. The preferred bowing of nose surfaces 68-71 and socket walls 78-81 across substantially their entire widths accentuatecorners point 14 aboutbase 12 during operation. The troughs and projections will also reduce rotational rattle of the point on the base. While the bowed surfaces 68-71 and waits 78-81 are preferred, other trough and projection configurations such as disclosed inU.S. Patent Application No. 13/706,582 , which is incorporated herein by reference, could also be used. Other rotation resisting constructions could also be used. - The use of
troughs 84 andprojections 86, and particularly those that are gradually curved and extending substantially across the entire widths of the surfaces 68-71 and walls 78-81 eases the assembly ofpoint 14 ontonose 18; i.e., thetroughs 84 andprojections 86 cooperativelydirect point 14 into the proper assembled position onnose 18 during assembly. For example, ifpoint 14 is initially installed onnose 18 out of proper alignment with the nose as it is fit onto the nose, the engagement ofprojections 86 being received into thetroughs 84 will tend to rotate the point into proper alignment as the point is fed rearward ontonose 18. This cooperative effect oftroughs 84 andprojections 86 greatly eases and speeds installation and the setting ofcorners 67 intocorners 77. Some variations could also be used between the shapes of the socket and the nose so long as the socket predominantly matches the shape of the nose. - Nose surfaces 68-71 with
troughs 84 are each preferably inclined axially to expand outward as they extend rearward to provide strength tonose 18 until reaching arear stabilizing surface 85 ofnose 18. Likewise, socket walls 78-81 withprojections 86 also each expand to conform to surfaces 68-71. Socket walls 78-81 also define rear stabilizingsurfaces 95 to bear against stabilizing surfaces 85.Rear stabilizing surfaces longitudinal axis 28. In one preferred embodiment, each stabilizingsurface axis 28 of about 7 degrees. Therear stabilizing surfaces nose 18 andsocket 20 to better resist non-axial loads. While contact between the various socket surfaces and the nose will likely occur during an excavating operation, contact between the corresponding front bearing surfaces 60, 64 and rear stabilizingsurfaces surfaces surfaces - Front bearing faces 60, 64 and rear stabilizing
surfaces nose 18 andsocket 20 are able to stably resist axial and non-axial rearward forces in direct opposition to the loads irrespective of their applied directions. This use of curved, continuous front bearing surfaces reduces rattling of the point on the nose and reduces the stress concentrations that otherwise exist when corners are present.Rear stabilizing surfaces U.S. Patent No. 5,709,043 incorporated herein by reference, With stabilizingsurfaces nose 18 or at least substantially about the entire perimeter (Figs. 7 ,9 and11-14 ), they are also able to resist the non-axially directed loads applied in any direction. -
Main portion 76 ofsocket 20 preferably has a generally trapezoidal transverse configuration to receive a matingly shaped nose 18 (Figs. 7 and11 ). The generally trapezoidal transverse configuration ofsocket 20 generally follows the generally trapezoidal transverse configuration of theexterior 97 ofpoint 14. This cooperative shaping of thesocket 20 andexterior 97 maximizes the size of thenose 18 that can be accommodated withinpoint 14, eases the manufacturing ofpoint 14 in a casting process, and enhances the strength to weight ratio. - A wide variety of different locks can be used to reteasably
secure wear member 14 tobase 12. Nonetheless, in a preferred embodiment, lock 16 is received into anopening 101 inwear member 14, preferably formed in trailingwall 27 though it could be formed elsewhere (Figs. 1 ,9 and15-20 ). Opening 101 preferably has an axially elongated shape and includes afront wail 103, arear wall 105, and sidewalls 107,109. A rim 111 is built up around opening 101 for protection of the lock and for additional strength. Rim 111 is also enlarged alongrear wall 105 to extend farther outward ofexterior surface 97 and define ahole 113 for passage oflock 16. The hole stabilizes the position oflock 16 and permits easy access to it by the operator. -
Nose 18 includes astop 115 that projects outward fromupper side 68 ofnose 18 to engagelock 16. Stop 115 preferably has arear face 119 with a concave,curved recess 121 into which afront end 123 oflock 16 is received and retained during use, but other arrangements could be used to cooperate with the lock. In a preferred construction,opening 101 is long enough and trailingwall 27 sufficiently inclined to provide clearance forstop 115 whenwear member 14 is installed ontonose 18. Nevertheless, a relief or other forms of clearance could be provided insocket 20 if needed for the passage ofstop 115. Further, the projection ofstop 115 is preferably limited by the provision of adepression 118 to accommodate a portion oflock 16. -
Lock 16 is a linear lock oriented generally axially to holdwear member 14 ontobase 12, and to tighten the fit ofwear member 14 ontonose 18. The use of a linear lock oriented axially increases the capacity of the lock to tighten the fit of the wear member on the nose; i.e., it provides for a greater length of take up. In a preferred embodiment, lock 16 Includes a threadedshaft 130 having afront end 123 and a rear end withhead 134, a nut 136 threaded toshaft 130, and a spring 138 (Figs. 1 ,9 and15-20 ).Spring 138 is preferably formed of a series ofelastomeric disks 140 composed of foam, rubber or other resilient material, separated byspacers 142 which are preferably in the form of washers.Multiple disks 140 are used to provide sufficient force, resiliency and take up. The washers isolate the elastomeric disks so that they operate as a series of individual spring members.Washers 142 are preferably composed of plastic but could be made of other materials. Moreover, the spring of the preferred construction is economical to make and assemble onshaft 130. Nevertheless, other kinds of springs couid be used. Athrust washer 142a or other means is preferably provided at the end of the spring to provide ample support. -
Shaft 130 extends centrally throughspring 138 to engage nut 136.Front end 123 ofshaft 130 fits intorecess 121 so that theshaft 130 is set againststop 115 for support.Rear end 134 oflock 16 extends throughhole 113 inwear member 14 to enable a user to access the lock outside ofopening 101. The shaft is preferably set at an angle toaxis 28 so thathead 134 is more easily accessed.Spring 138 sets betweenrear wall 105 and nut 136 so that it can apply a biasing force to the wear member when the lock is tightened.Hole 113 is preferably larger thanhead 134 to permit its passage during installation oflock 16 intoassembly 10.Hole 113 could also be formed as an open slot to accommodate insertion ofshaft 130 simply from above. Other tool engaging structures could be used in lieu of the illustratedhead 134. - In use,
wear member 14 is slid overnose 18 so thatnose 18 is fit into socket 20 (Figs. 1 and9 ). The lock can be temporarily held inhole 113 for shipping, storage and/or installation by a releasable retainer (e.g., a simple twist tie) fit aroundshaft 130 outside of opening 101 or it can be installed after the wear member is fit onto the nose. In any event,shaft 130 is inserted throughhole 113 and itsfront end 123 set inrecess 121 ofstop 115.Lock 16 is positioned to tie along the exterior ofnose 18 so that no holes, slots or the like need to be formed in the nose to contain the lock for resisting the loads.Head 134 is engaged and turned by a tool to tighten the lock to a compressive state to hold the wear member; i.e.,shaft 130 is turned relative to nut 136 so thatfront end 123 presses againststop 115. This movement, in turn, draws nut 136 rearward againstspring 138, which is compressed between nut 136 andrear wall 105. This tightening oflock 16 pullswear member 14 tightly onto nose 18 (i.e., with front bearing faces 60, 64 engaged) for a snug fit and less wear during use. Continued turning ofshaft 130further compresses spring 138. Thecompressed spring 138 then urges wearmember 14 rearward as the nose and socket begin to wear. The stability of thepreferred nose 18 andpoint 14 enables the use of an axial lock, i.e., no substantial bending forces will be applied to the lock so that the high axial compressive strength of the bolt can be used to hold the wear member to the base.Lock 16 is lightweight, hammerless, easy to manufacture, does not consume much space, and does not require any openings in the nose. - In a preferred construction, lock 16 aiso includes an
indicator 146 fit ontoshaft 130 in association with nut 136 (Figs. 15-20 ).Indicator 146 is preferably a plate formed of steel or other rigid material that has side edges 148, 149 that fit closely to sidewalls 107, 109 ofopening 101, but not tightly intoopening 101.Indicator 146 includes an opening that fully or partially receives nut 136 to prevent rotation of the nut whenshaft 130 is turned. The close receipt of side edges 148, 149 tosidewalls indicator 146 from turning. Alternatively, the indicator could have a threaded bore to function as the nut; if the indicator were omitted, other means would be required to hold nut 136 from turning.Indicator 146 could also be discrete from nut 136. -
Indicator 146 provides a visual indication of whenshaft 130 has been suitably tightened to apply the desired pressure to the wear member without placing undue stress onshaft 130 and/orspring 138. In a preferred construction,indicator 146 cooperates with amarker 152 formed alongopening 101, e.g., along rim 111 and/or sidewalls 107,109.Marker 152 is preferably on rim 111 along one or both sidewalls 107,109, but could have other constructions.Marker 146 is preferably a ridge or some structure that is more than mere indicia so that it can be used to retightenlock 16 when wear begins to develop as well as at the time of initial tightening. - When
shaft 130 is turned and nut 136 drawn rearward,indicator 146 moves rearward (from the position inFig. 16 ) with nut 136 withinopening 101. Whenindicator 146 aligns with marker 152 (Fig. 15 ), the operator knows that tightening can be stopped. At this position, lock 16 applies a predetermined pressure onwear member 14 irrespective of the wear on the nose and/or in thesocket 20. Hence, both under-tightening and over-tightening of the lock can be easily avoided. As an alternative,indicator 146 can be omitted andshaft 130 tightened to a predetermined amount of torque. - The various aspects of the invention are preferably used together for optimal performance and advantage. Nevertheless, the different aspects can be used individually to provide the benefits they each provide.
Claims (44)
- A wear member for excavating equipment comprising
a working section and a mounting section generally aligned along a longitudinal axis, the mounting section including a socket for receiving a base fixed to the excavating equipment,
a leading side adapted to be a forward surface during advance of the wear member through the ground during a digging operation, and
a trailing side adapted to be a rearward surface during advance of the wear member through the ground,
the leading and trailing sides extending axially across the working and mounting sections, and the leading side having a greater width than the trailing side in transverse cross sections perpendicular to the longitudinal axis along at least part of the mounting section. - A wear member in accordance with claim 1 including an opening for receiving a lock to secure the wear member to the base.
- A wear member in accordance with claim 1 wherein the working section is an elongate bit.
- A wear member in accordance with claim 1 wherein the mounting section has a generally trapezoidal transverse configuration perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
- A wear member in accordance with claim 4 wherein the working section has a generally trapezoidal transverse configuration perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
- A wear member in accordance with claim 4 wherein substantially the entire length of the mounting section has a generally trapezoidal transverse configuration perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
- A wear member in accordance with claim 1 wherein at least one wall of the socket is bowed inwardly to define a projection that fits into a trough formed on the base.
- A wear member in accordance with claim 1 wherein the socket has a generally trapezoidal transverse configuration.
- A wear member in accordance with claim 8 wherein each wall of the socket defining the trapezoidal shape has a generally curved, convex shape across substantially the entire width of the wall.
- A wear member in accordance with claim 1 wherein the leading side has a greater width than the trailing side in transverse cross-sections perpendicular to the longitudinal axis along at least part of the working section.
- A wear member for excavating equipment comprising
a working section and a mounting section generally aligned along a longitudinal axis, the mounting section including a socket for receiving a base fixed to the excavating equipment, a leading side adapted to be a forward surface during advance of the wear member through the ground during a digging operation, and
a trailing side adapted to be a rearward surface during advance of the wear member through the ground,
the leading and trailing sides extending axialfy across the working and mounting sections, sidewalls extending between the leading and trailing sides generally converging toward the trailing side in digging profiles of at least a forward portion of the mounting section, the digging profiles being cross sections extending parallel to the direction of travel through the ground at a center point of a digging pass and extending laterally perpendicular to the longitudinal axis for at least one digging angle. - A wear member in accordance with claim 11 including an opening for receiving a lock to secure the wear member to the base.
- A wear member in accordance with claim 11 wherein the sidewalls generally converge toward the trailing side in the digging profiles across substantially the entire length of the mounting section.
- A wear member in accordance with claim 11 wherein the working section is an elongate bit.
- A wear member for excavating equipment comprising a working section and a mounting section generally aligned along a longitudinal axis, the mounting section including a socket for receiving a base fixed to the excavating equipment, and the socket having a generally trapezoidal configuration transverse to the longitudinal axis and being defined by surfaces that are each curved and bowed inwardly.
- A wear member in accordance with claim 15 wherein the surfaces of the socket are bowed inwardly across substantially their entire widths.
- A wear member in accordance with claim 15 wherein the front end of the socket includes a generally hemispherical front bearing face.
- A wear member in accordance with claim 15 including an opening for receiving a lock to secure the wear member to the base.
- A wear member for excavating equipment comprising a working section and a mounting section generally aligned along a longitudinal axis, the mounting section including a socket for receiving a base fixed to the excavating equipment, and the socket including a front end defining a generally hemispherical front bearing face and a main portion rearward of the front end.
- A wear member in accordance with claim 19 wherein the main portion has a generally trapezoidal configuration transverse to the longitudinal axis.
- A wear member in accordance with claim 19 wherein the main portion includes at least one stabilizing surface that axially extends substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis.
- A wear member in accordance with claim 19 including an opening for receiving a lock to secure the wear member to the base.
- A wear member for excavating equipment comprising a working section and a mounting section generally aligned along a longitudinal axis, the mounting section including a socket for receiving a base fixed to the excavating equipment, and the socket including a front end defining a front bearing face that is concave and curved about two axes which are each perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, and a main portion rearward of the front end having a generally trapezoidal configuration transverse to the longitudinal axis.
- A wear member in accordance with claim 23 including an opening for receiving a lock to secure the wear member to the base.
- A wear member for excavating equipment comprising a working section and a mounting section generally aligned along a longitudinal axis, the mounting section including a socket for receiving a base fixed to the excavating equipment, the socket including a front end defining a generally hemispherical front bearing face and a main portion rearward of the front end, the main portion including stabilizing surfaces axially extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis and transversely extending substantially around a perimeter of the socket.
- A wear member in accordance with claim 25 wherein the main portion has a generally trapezoidal configuration transverse to the longitudinal axis.
- A wear member in accordance with claim 25 including an opening for receiving a lock to secure the wear member to the base.
- A wear member for excavating equipment comprising a working section and a mounting section generally aligned along a longitudinal axis, the mounting section including a socket for receiving a base fixed to the excavating equipment, and an opening in communication with the socket for receiving a lock to releasably hold the wear member to the excavating equipment, the opening having a front wall and a rear wall, and the rear wall including a hole through which the lock extends from the opening at an inclination to the longitudinal axis for easy access by an operator for tightening of the lock.
- A wear member in accordance with claim 28 wherein a marker is provided adjacent the opening to provide a visual indicating to the operator when the lock has been sufficiently tightened.
- A wear member in accordance with claim 28 wherein the socket includes rear stabilizing surfaces axially extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis and positioned rearward of the hole.
- A wear assembly for excavating equipment comprising:a base fixed to the excavating equipment;a wear member including a working section and a mounting section generally aligned along a longitudinal axis, the mounting section including a socket for receiving a base fixed to the excavating equipment, a leading side adapted to be a forward surface during advance of the wear member through the ground during a digging operation, and a trailing side adapted to be a rearward surface during advance of the wear member through the ground, the leading and trailing sides extending axially across the working and mounting sections, and the leading side having a greater width than the trailing side in transverse cross sections perpendicular to the longitudinal axis along at least part of the mounting section; anda lock to releasably secure the wear member to the base.
- A wear assembly in accordance with claim 31 wherein the base includes a nose received into the socket, and wherein the nose and the socket each has a generally trapezoidal transverse configuration perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
- A wear assembly in accordance with claim 31 wherein the base includes a nose received into the socket, the nose includes a plurality of troughs, and the socket includes a plurality of projections received into the troughs.
- A wear assembly for excavating equipment comprising
a base fixed to the excavating equipment;
a wear member including a working section and a mounting section generally aligned along a longitudinal axis, the mounting section including a socket for receiving a base fixed to the excavating equipment, a leading side adapted to be a forward surface during advance of the wear member through the ground during a digging operation, and a trailing side adapted to be a rearward surface during advance of the wear member through the ground, the leading and trailing sides extending axialiy across the working and mounting sections, sidewalls extending between the leading and trailing sides generally converging toward the trailing side in digging profiles of at least a portion of the mounting section, the digging profiles being cross sections extending parallel to the direction of travel through the ground at a center point of a digging pass and extending laterally perpendicular to the longitudinal axis for at least one digging angle; and
a lock for releasably securing the wear member to the base. - A wear assembly for excavating equipment comprising:a base fixed to the excavating equipment;a wear member including a working section and a mounting section generally aligned along a longitudinal axis, the mounting section including a socket having a generally trapezoidal configuration transverse to the longitudinal axis and beign defined by surfaces that are each curved and bowed inwardly; anda lock for releasably holding the wear member to the base.
- A wear assembly in accordance with claim 31 wherein the base includes a nose which has a generally trapezoidal configuration transverse to the longitudinal axis to substantially conform to the shape of the socket.
- A wear assembly for excavating equipment comprising:a base fixed to the excavating equipment and including a first surface;a wear member including a working section and a mounting section generally aligned along a longitudinal axis, the mounting section having a socket in which to receive the base, and an opening having a second surface; andan elongate lock oriented in the same general direction as the longitudinal axis to fit between the first surface and the second surface in a compressive state to releasably hold the wear member to the base.
- A wear assembly in accordance with claim 37 wherein the lock includes a threaded shaft to bear against the first surface, a nut threaded to the shaft, and a spring about the shaft to be compressed between the second surface and the nut.
- A method for installing a wear member onto excavating equipment comprising:fitting a wear member with a socket over a nose fixed to the excavating equipment such that the nose is received into the socket;positioning an elongate lock in an opening in the wear member so that a first bearing surface of the lock fits against a bearing surface on the nose, a second bearing surface of the lock fits against a bearing surface on the wear member, and a longitudinal axis of the lock is oriented generally in the direction the wear member is fit over the nose;adjusting the lock to tighten the fit of the wear member onto the nose so that the lock is in a compressive state to hold the wear member to the base.
- A method in accordance with claim 39 wherein the lock includes a threaded shaft to bear against the first surface, a nut threaded to the shaft, and a spring about the shaft to be compressed between the second surface and the nut.
- A method for installing a wear member onto excavating equipment comprising:providing a nose fixed to the excavating equipment having a stop that projects outward from one side thereof;fitting a wear member with a socket over the nose so that an opening extending through the wear member is placed in general axial alignment with the stop rearward of the stop;positioning lock along an exterior side of the nose to abut against the stop and a wall of the opening to releasably hold the wear member to the nose.
- A method in accordance with claim 41 wherein the lock is tightened to be in a compressive state between the stop and the wall of the opening.
- A method for installing a wear member onto excavating equipment comprising:fitting a wear member with a socket over a nose fixed to the excavating equipment such that the nose is received into the socket;positioning a lock so that a first bearing surface of the lock fits against a bearing surface on the nose, a second bearing surface of the lock fits against a bearing surface on the wear member;adjusting the lock to tighten the fit of the wear member onto the nose until a visual indicator of the lock generally aligns with a marker on the wear member.
- A lock for releaseably securing a wear member to a base fixed to excavating equipment, the lock comprising a linear, threaded shaft having a bearing end and a tool engaging end, a nut threaded onto the shaft, and a spring, the spring including a plurality of alternating annular elastomeric disks and annular spacers fit about the threaded shaft between the bearing end and the nut.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SI200832038T SI2865814T1 (en) | 2007-05-10 | 2008-05-06 | Wear assembly for excavating equipment |
PL14180150T PL2865814T3 (en) | 2007-05-10 | 2008-05-06 | Wear assembly for excavating equipment |
HRP20190291TT HRP20190291T1 (en) | 2007-05-10 | 2019-02-13 | Wear assembly for excavating equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US92878007P | 2007-05-10 | 2007-05-10 | |
US92882107P | 2007-05-10 | 2007-05-10 | |
US93048307P | 2007-05-15 | 2007-05-15 | |
PCT/US2008/062724 WO2008140993A1 (en) | 2007-05-10 | 2008-05-06 | Wear assembly for excavating equipment |
EP08747674.3A EP2160498B1 (en) | 2007-05-10 | 2008-05-06 | Wear assembly for excavating equipment |
Related Parent Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP08747674.3A Division EP2160498B1 (en) | 2007-05-10 | 2008-05-06 | Wear assembly for excavating equipment |
EP08747674.3A Division-Into EP2160498B1 (en) | 2007-05-10 | 2008-05-06 | Wear assembly for excavating equipment |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2865814A2 true EP2865814A2 (en) | 2015-04-29 |
EP2865814A3 EP2865814A3 (en) | 2015-10-28 |
EP2865814B1 EP2865814B1 (en) | 2019-01-02 |
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EP14180150.6A Active EP2865814B1 (en) | 2007-05-10 | 2008-05-06 | Wear assembly for excavating equipment |
EP15151786.9A Active EP2889434B1 (en) | 2007-05-10 | 2008-05-06 | Wear member and wear assembly for excavating equipment |
EP08747674.3A Active EP2160498B1 (en) | 2007-05-10 | 2008-05-06 | Wear assembly for excavating equipment |
EP14180148.0A Active EP2910692B1 (en) | 2007-05-10 | 2008-05-06 | Wear assembly for excavating equipment |
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EP15151786.9A Active EP2889434B1 (en) | 2007-05-10 | 2008-05-06 | Wear member and wear assembly for excavating equipment |
EP08747674.3A Active EP2160498B1 (en) | 2007-05-10 | 2008-05-06 | Wear assembly for excavating equipment |
EP14180148.0A Active EP2910692B1 (en) | 2007-05-10 | 2008-05-06 | Wear assembly for excavating equipment |
Country Status (23)
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EP (4) | EP2865814B1 (en) |
JP (4) | JP5620263B2 (en) |
KR (5) | KR101528984B1 (en) |
CN (3) | CN103147480A (en) |
AP (1) | AP2751A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2008251647C1 (en) |
BR (4) | BR122015006403B1 (en) |
CA (2) | CA2686620C (en) |
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HK (1) | HK1138893A1 (en) |
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MY (3) | MY154678A (en) |
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PT (4) | PT2865814T (en) |
SI (4) | SI2865814T1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008140993A1 (en) |
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2008
- 2008-05-06 WO PCT/US2008/062724 patent/WO2008140993A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-05-06 KR KR1020137011723A patent/KR101528984B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2008-05-06 KR KR1020157000485A patent/KR101589007B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2008-05-06 PT PT14180150T patent/PT2865814T/en unknown
- 2008-05-06 PL PL14180150T patent/PL2865814T3/en unknown
- 2008-05-06 SI SI200832038T patent/SI2865814T1/en unknown
- 2008-05-06 CN CN2013100668634A patent/CN103147480A/en active Pending
- 2008-05-06 EP EP14180150.6A patent/EP2865814B1/en active Active
- 2008-05-06 CA CA2686620A patent/CA2686620C/en active Active
- 2008-05-06 PT PT15151786T patent/PT2889434T/en unknown
- 2008-05-06 BR BR122015006403-1A patent/BR122015006403B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2008-05-06 BR BR122015006394A patent/BR122015006394B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2008-05-06 MX MX2009012181A patent/MX2009012181A/en active IP Right Grant
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US4470210A (en) | 1983-05-25 | 1984-09-11 | Esco Corporation | Mounting for excavating implement and method |
US5709043A (en) | 1995-12-11 | 1998-01-20 | Esco Corporation | Excavating tooth |
US6729052B2 (en) | 2001-11-09 | 2004-05-04 | Esco Corporation | Assembly for securing an excavating tooth |
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