CN101688385B

CN101688385B - Wear assembly for excavating equipment

Info

Publication number: CN101688385B
Application number: CN2008800240900A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 查尔斯·G·奥林格四世; 克里斯·D·辛德; 约翰·S·克雷茨伯格
Original assignee: Esco Corp
Current assignee: ASCO Refco Group Ltd
Priority date: 2007-05-10
Filing date: 2008-05-06
Publication date: 2013-08-14
Anticipated expiration: 2028-05-06
Also published as: PL2865814T3; NZ581007A; CN103147480A; DK2889434T3; LT2889434T; EP2910692A3; CN102720244B; AU2008251647A1; KR101618022B1; CA2686620A1; MX2009012181A; PT2865814T; BR122015006394B1; HK1138893A1; EP2889434A1; SI2910692T1; CO6241176A2; KR20150044974A; PT2910692T; CY1116392T1

Abstract

A wear assembly for excavating equipment includes a base fixed to the excavating equipment, a wear member fit over the base, and a lock to releasably hold the wear member to the base. The wear member includes side relief to reduce drag on the system. The wear member and the base each includes a hemispherical front end and a generally trapezoidal rear portion. The base includes a nose and a stop projecting from the nose to cooperate with the lock without an opening being needed to receive the lock into the nose. The lock is an elongate lock positioned generally in an axial direction and which holds the wear member to the base under compressive loads.

Description

The wear assembly that is used for excavating equipment

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of abrasive element is fixed to wear assembly on the excavating equipment, particularly relate to and be suitable for attached and be used in wear assembly on the strand formula bagger (dredge cutterhead).

Background technology

Strand formula bagger is used for excavating under water for example earth material in riverbed.Usually, strand formula bagger 1 comprises the 4 some arms 2 (Figure 21) that extend from basic ring 3 to hub.These upper-arm circumferences are spaced apart and be formed with wide spiral around the cutterhead central axis around basic ring.Each arm 2 is provided with array of spaced tooth 5, is used for to mine working.Tooth is formed by the adapter that is fixed to arm or base portion 6 and by lock 8 tips 7 that are attached to base portion releasedly.

In use, cutterhead rotates with the mining clay material around its central axis.Suction pipe is arranged near the material that digs out with removal of ring.In order to excavate the expectation swath in soil, move forward about cutterhead and simultaneously.Because the rise of water and other motion, cutterhead also tends to move up and down, and periodically impacts basal surface.Further difficulty causes because the operator can not see the soil that is excavating under water, and is namely different with other dredge operation of great majority, can not be effectively guides strand formula bagger along the path of the landform that is suitable for excavating most.Consider heavy duty and rigorous environment, require the interconnection of most advanced and sophisticated and base portion stable and firm.

Make the cutterhead rotation, thereby tooth is rapidly actuated in the soil and passes the soil.Therefore, need sizable power to drive cutterhead, particularly in excavating rock.In order to make great efforts that power demand is minimized, the excavator tip generally has elongated, very thin blade, thus the easier soil that penetrates.Yet along with blade shortens because of wearing and tearing, installation portion most advanced and sophisticated in cutting operation will begin to engage with the soil.Installation portion is wideer than blade, but is not shaped in order to reduce resistance.Because the installation portion that obtains is forced at the resistance of the increase of cutterhead, the tip can change before blade weares and teares fully usually.

Summary of the invention

According to an aspect of the present invention, the abrasive element that is used for excavating equipment is formed with front clearance in operation and installation portion, be used for the resistance relevant with digging operation minimized, and, the required power of this equipment of driving is minimized.The reducing and cause more efficient operation and abrasive element longer application life of power consumption.

According to the present invention, abrasive element has transverse configuration, and wherein, the width of front side makes the sidewall of abrasive element follow the shadow of front side, thereby reduces resistance greater than the width of corresponding rear side.Adopt littler rear side not only to provide by the operation end, and the part provide to installation end at least.As a result, the resistance that stands of the abrasive element of the resistance ratios routine that stands of the abrasive element that has worn and torn of the present invention is little.Littler resistance changes the use of littler power consumption and abrasive element longer time before needs are changed into.Therefore, the operation end of abrasive element can further wearing and tearing before needs are changed.

According to a further aspect in the invention, abrasive element has the excavation profile, and this excavation profile is by limiting all over that part of transverse configuration that penetrates the abrasive element in soil in the direction that moves through the soil in excavating every.In another aspect of the present invention, the front clearance in the abrasive element is arranged on and excavates in the profile, with the resistance that reduces to stand in the digging operation.In a preferred embodiment, front clearance is arranged in each desired in the life-span of abrasive element excavation profile, comprises the excavation profile around installation portion.

In another aspect of this invention, abrasive element comprises the jack of nose portion that is fixed to the base portion of excavating equipment for reception.Jack is formed with roughly the roughly trapezoidal cross-sectional shape corresponding to the trapezoidal transverse exterior contour of abrasive element.The approximate match of the outside of this jack and installation portion makes easy to manufacture, makes the size maximization of nose portion, and has improved strength-weight ratio.

In preferred structure, the wall of the correspondence of one or more and jack all bends to arc to be assembled together in the top surface of trapezoidal nose portion, basal surface or the side surface.These surfaces and wall have progressive curvature, so that install easily, improve the stability of abrasive element, and stop use in abrasive element rotate around longitudinal axis.

According to a further aspect in the invention, jack and nose portion include the back surface of stability, this back surface of stability is arranged essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of abrasive element and centers on the girth extension of jack and nose portion basically, to resist the load backward that applies along all directions.

According to a further aspect in the invention, jack and nose portion are formed with complementary preceding bearing surface, and the preceding bearing surface of described complementation is hemispherical roughly, reducing the stress in the parts, and control the quack sound that occurs better between abrasive element and base portion.

Another aspect of the present invention, jack and nose portion are formed with the front curve bearing surface at front end separately, and the front end rear has roughly trapezoidal cross-sectional shape, be used for to improve stability, make easy to manufacturely, make the size maximization of nose portion, reduce resistance, stress and wearing and tearing, and improve strength-weight ratio.

According to a further aspect in the invention, wear assembly comprises base portion, is installed to the abrasive element of base portion and the lock of axial orientation, this be locked in compressive state with reliably, the mode using easily, be easy to make remains to base portion with abrasive element, and can carry out fastening to the assembling of abrasive element on base portion.In a preferred embodiment, wear assembly comprises adjustable axial lock.

In another aspect of this invention, abrasive element comprises: opening, and lock is received in this opening; The hole is formed in the rear wall of opening, passes through to be suitable for making lock, thereby makes lock stable and be easy to fastening lock.

In another aspect of this invention, base portion and lock are only by using outstanding retainer to interact.As a result, need not in nose, to arrange standing hole, depression or path and receive lock.Therefore the intensity of nose portion is strengthened.

In another aspect of this invention, arrange and to regulate for the locking that abrasive element is fixed to base portion, so that regardless of the wear extent that may exist in base portion and/or the abrasive element, all apply predetermined fastening force consistently to abrasive element.

In another aspect of this invention, abrasive element comprises labeling section, and this labeling section can be used for identification and when lock by fully fastening.

In another aspect of this invention, base portion is installed and be fixed to abrasive element by easy use, the axial lock that comprises new method.Abrasive element is installed on nose of the base portion that is fixed to excavating equipment.Base portion comprises the retainer of outwards giving prominence to from nose.Axial lock is received in the opening in the abrasive element, and extends between the area supported on retainer and the abrasive element, releasedly abrasive element is remained to nose portion.

In another aspect of this invention, abrasive element slides at the base portion that is fixed to excavating equipment earlier.The locking bit of axial orientation becomes, and bearing surface retainer on the base portion, another bearing surface abutment wall on the abrasive element makes lock be in the axial compression.Lock is regulated, so that abrasive element moves on the base portion tightly.

In another aspect of this invention, the lock that abrasive element is remained on the base portion comprises releasedly: the screw thread linear axis has supported end and tool engagement end; Be threaded into the nut on the axle; And spring, comprise around thread spindle being installed in a plurality of annular resilient disc that replace and ring liner between supported end and the nut.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is according to wear assembly of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the lateral view of abrasive element of the present invention.

Fig. 2 A is the lateral view of the abrasive element of routine.

Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional view that the line 3-3 in Fig. 2 cuts open.

Fig. 3 A is the cross-sectional view that the line 3A-3A in Fig. 2 A cuts open.

Fig. 4 is the cross-sectional view that the line 4-4 in Fig. 2 cuts open.

Fig. 5 is the cross-sectional view that the line 5-5 in Fig. 2 cuts open.

Fig. 6 is the cross-sectional view that the line 6-6 in Fig. 2 cuts open.

Fig. 6 A is the cross-sectional view that the line 6A-6A in Fig. 2 A cuts open.

Fig. 7 is the cross-sectional view that the line 7-7 in Fig. 2 cuts open.

Fig. 8 is the cross-sectional view that the line 8-8 in Fig. 2 cuts open.

Fig. 9 is the cross-sectional view that the line 9-9 in Fig. 1 cuts open.

Figure 10 is the top view of abrasive element.

Figure 11 is the rear elevation of abrasive element.

Figure 12 is the phantom drawing of the nose portion of base portion of the present invention.

Figure 13 is the elevation of nose portion.

Figure 14 is the lateral view of nose portion.

Figure 15 is the enlarged perspective of the lock in the wear assembly.

Figure 16 is the fastening enlarged perspective before that is locked in the wear assembly.

Figure 17 is the phantom drawing of lock.

Figure 18 is the lateral view of lock.

Figure 19 is the decomposition diagram of lock.

Figure 20 is the phantom drawing (save at the tip) with lock of nose portion.

Figure 21 is the lateral view of the dredge cutterhead of routine.

The specific embodiment

The present invention relates to a kind of wear assembly 10 for excavating equipment, the present invention is particularly suitable for digging operation.In this is used, at the tooth aspect that is suitable for being connected to strand formula bagger the present invention is described.Yet different aspect of the present invention can be used for the wear assembly (for example, guard shield) of other kind and the excavating equipment (for example, scraper bowl) of other kind.

Sometimes with upper and lower, level for example, vertical, preceding and after relative terms assembly is described; It is necessary that these terms should not be considered to, and only be for convenience of description.Abrasive element is in digging operation, particularly the orientation in dredging operation can have significantly and to change.Except as otherwise noted, these relative terms should be understood in conjunction with the orientation of wear assembly shown in Figure 1 10.

Wear assembly 10 comprises: be fixed to base portion 12, the abrasive element 14 of dredge cutterhead and releasedly abrasive element remained to lock 16 (referring to Fig. 1-10) on the base portion 12.

Base portion 12 comprises: outstanding nose 18 forward, abrasive element 14 is installed on this nose 18; With the installation end (not shown), it is fixed on the arm of strand formula bagger (Fig. 1,9 and 11-14).Base portion can be cast into arm a part, be welded to arm or by mechanical device attached.As just example, base portion can be as US patent No.4, disclosed such cutterhead that forms and be installed in 470,210 or US patent No.6,729,052.

In the tooth of bagger, abrasive element 14 is the tips with homework department 21 and installation portion 23, and homework department 21 is forms of elongated very thin blade, and installation portion 23 limits and receives nose 18 jack 20 (Fig. 1-10).Most advanced and sophisticated 14 rotate by cutterhead, make it all engage with the soil in an identical manner basically all over excavating for every.As a result, most advanced and sophisticated 14 comprise front side 25 and rear side 27.Along with each rotation of cutterhead, front side 25 is at first to engage and guide a side that penetrates the soil with the soil.In the present invention, by blade 21 (Fig. 5) and at least in part by installation portion 23 (Fig. 4), rear side 27 has the width littler than front side 25 (that is, along the plane perpendicular to most advanced and sophisticated 14 longitudinal axis 28).In a preferred embodiment, run through most advanced and sophisticated 14 length, rear side 27 has the width (Fig. 4,5 and 7) littler than front side 25.

Most advanced and sophisticated 14 blade 21 preferably has roughly trapezoidal transverse configuration, and wherein, front side 25 is than rear side 27 wide (Fig. 5).Term " transverse configuration " is used in reference to along the two-dimensional structure perpendicular to the plane of the longitudinal axis 28 of abrasive element 14.Because most advanced and sophisticated narrows down,

sidewall

29,31 is followed the shadow of front side 25 when excavating, thereby produces resistance when digging operation hardly.In preferred structure, sidewall 29, the 31 angle θ with about 16 degree assemble (Fig. 5) towards rear side 27; Yet the structure of other angle also is fine.Front side 25, rear side 27 and

sidewall

29,31 can be the plane, curved surface or irregular.In addition, can adopt the shape except trapezoidal that front clearance (side relief) is provided.

In use, all over excavating (that is, along with each rotation of cutterhead), bagger tip 14 penetrates certain depth with the soil along with every.During most of useful life at tip, blade penetrates the soil alone.As an example, a soil height that excavates in the circulation roughly extends all over the central point that excavates every along line 3-3 (Fig. 2).Because only blade penetrates the soil and blade is thinner relatively, so the resistance during dredge operation is in the controlled range.Yet, along with being driven consistently with fast speeds, many teeth pass the soil, and power demand is always higher, and, when digging rock, also be useful even in blade, reduce resistance to operation particularly.

In preferable configuration,

sidewall

29,31 is not only assembled towards rear side 27, and is configured so that sidewall is arranged in the shadow of the front side 25 of excavating profile." excavation profile " is used in reference to the cross-sectional configuration of the part at the tip 14 that penetrates the soil along a plane, and wherein said plane (i) whenever is parallel to direction of advance 34 and (ii) laterally perpendicular to longitudinal axis all over the central point that excavates what pass the soil.Compare with real cross section, excavating profile is to being applied to the better expression of the resistance on the tip between the operating period.In excavating profile, provide front clearance to depend on angle and axial slope or the expansion of tip end surface on backward directions that sidewall is assembled towards rear side.Aim to provide such width, when considering to excavate the phantom drawing of profile, this width the past side direction rear side basically narrows down.The cutterhead that front clearance in the excavation profile preferably extends through expectation excavates the angle, if but at least one excavation angle, there is such front clearance, still can obtain advantage.As just an example, an of part that the cross-sectional configuration shown in Fig. 3 represents to be driven through the tip 14 in soil excavates profile 35.Just as can be seen, along with

sidewall

29,31 assembles to reduce resistance towards rear side 27, blade 21 even in excavating profile, still have front clearance.

Along with blade 21 wearing and tearing, the soil height spreads gradually backward, thereby the thicker part after each excavates in the circulation most advanced and sophisticated 14 more lean on is pushed through the soil.Therefore, along with points wear, need more power to drive cutterhead.Finally, enough blades are worn, and make to be driven through the soil at every installation portion 23 all over tip 14 in excavating.In the present invention, installation portion 23 at least the front end 40 (Fig. 4) of installation portion and preferably in whole erection portion (Fig. 4 and 7) comprise front clearance continuously.As shown in Figure 4, installation portion 23 is bigger than blade 21, be suitable for nose 18 receive in the jack 20 and be provided for most advanced and sophisticated 14 and base portion 12 between interconnective

sufficient intensity.Sidewall

29,31 tilts, to assemble to rear side 27.

Sidewall

29,31 gradients along line 4-4 are the angle [alpha] (Fig. 4) of about 26 degree in this example, but the inclination angle that also can adopt other.As discussed above, excavate relation between the axial expansion that front clearance that profile hopes mid-term depends on sidewall lateral inclination and tip.

In the most advanced and sophisticated 14a of a routine, blade 21a has trapezoidal transverse configuration, has the front side 25a wideer than rear side 27a.Yet blade 21a does not provide front clearance in excavating profile.As what find out in Fig. 3 A, the excavation profile 35a among Fig. 2 A (that is, along line 3A-3A) does not have sidewall 29a, the 31a (Fig. 2 A and 3A) that assembles towards rear side 27a.But along with sidewall extends towards rear side, the sidewall 29a, the 31a that excavate among the profile 35a outwards expand with the gradient that increases gradually.Opening backward of

sidewall

29a, 31a will produce the resistance that increases at cutterhead.Compare with just in transverse configuration, adopting known sidewall, in the tip 14 of excavating profile, effectively adopt front clearance, reduced resistance better.

In another example, the part along line 6-6 (Fig. 2 and 6) that blade 21 has been worn down to installation portion 23 is driven through the degree in soil.Even installation portion 23 is provided for reducing the front clearance of resistance; That is

sidewall

29,31 even in excavating profile 45, assemble towards rear side.Exist front clearance to make resistance littler in the excavation profile 45, thereby it is littler that the required power in soil is passed in its driving.Conversely, the resistance that reduces can make cutterhead continue to carry out operation with wearing up to the tip that installation portion penetrates the degree in soil.In the most advanced and sophisticated 14a of routine, installation portion 23a does not have band towards the sidewall 29a of rear side 27a convergence, the trapezoidal transverse configuration of 31a.And as what find out in Fig. 6 A,

sidewall

29a, 31a separate from front side 25a in the excavation profile 45a that the line 6a-6a along the front end 40a that centers on installation portion 23a cuts open.Particularly compare with of the present invention most advanced and sophisticated 14, lack front clearance in the excavation profile and when most advanced and sophisticated 14a is driven through the soil, apply very big resistance at most advanced and sophisticated 14a.Because the very big resistance that most advanced and sophisticated in the case 14a produces, many operators can (even not wearing and tearing fully of blade 21a) change most advanced and sophisticated when installation portion 23a begins to be driven through the soil.By the present invention, most advanced and sophisticated 14 can continue further to be worn and torn until blade 21 on base portion 12.

In preferred structure,

sidewall

29,31 47 continues to come to a point gradually to the rear end from most advanced and sophisticated 14 front end 37.As shown in Figure 7, even at the rear portion of installation portion 23,

sidewall

29,31 is also assembled towards rear side 27.In addition, even also providing front clearance in the excavation profile 55 of line 8-8 (Fig. 2 and 8), that is, even

sidewall

29,31 is also assembled towards rear side 27 in the excavation profile 55 of this back.

As mentioned above, in blade 21 and installation portion 23, use the tip 14 with front clearance, in fact can use with any nose and socket configuration.Yet in a preferable configuration, nose 18 front end 58 comprises towards preceding bearing surface 60, should protrude towards preceding bearing surface 60 around two vertical axises and crooked (Fig. 1,9 and 11-14).Similarly, the front end 62 of jack 20 is formed with complementary recessed and crooked bearing surface 64, against bearing surface 60 (Fig. 1,7,9 and 11) to be set.Shown in structure in, preceding

bearing surface

60,64 is all consistent with spherical segment, to reduce the stress that is created in because of the applying of non axial load (for example at US patent No.6, disclosed in 729,052, the full content of this patent is hereby incorporated by) in the parts.

Preferably,

front end

58,62 is roughly hemispherical, with reduce most advanced and sophisticated 14 and base portion 12 between quack sound, and more effectively resist load from all directions.The preceding bearing surface 64 of jack 20 is preferably slightly wide than the hemispherical of its end and center, thereby be suitable for reliably being installed on the different base portions (namely most advanced and sophisticated 14, need not to bundle or reduce as far as possible), described base portion is being operated as real hemispherical socket surfaces on the hemispherical ball surface at base portion 12 under general load or the wearing and tearing subsequently.In the tooth 10a of routine (Fig. 2 A), along with tooth is forced through the soil, most advanced and sophisticated 14a is nose movement.The front end of jack and nose portion is angled with respect to flat area supported and hard turning.In use, most advanced and sophisticated 14a is nose movement, makes the front portion of jack 20a send quack sound around nose front end and against nose front end, and the jack rear end is moved around nose rear end and sent quack sound against nose rear end.This movement and send quack sound and make most advanced and sophisticated and base portion weares and teares.In the present invention, use roughly hemispheric before bearing

surface

60,64 reduced the quack sound (Fig. 1 and 9) at nose 18 and jack 20 front end places to a great extent.Yet, use level and smooth continuous preceding bearing surface can make the tip locate to roll to reduce wearing and tearing at nose.The little tape 65 that is arranged essentially parallel to longitudinal axis 28 preferably directly extends at the rear of hemispheric area supported roughly, thereby is still keeping the ability of the support of expectation when being provided at wearing and tearing for nose portion.Term " substantially parallel " be intended to comprise parallel surface and those for make or other purpose with low-angle (for example, about 1-7 degree) from surface that axis 28 axially departs from backward.Little tape 65 preferably is not more than 5 degree with respect to axis 28 axioversions, most preferably, and the about 2-3 degree of axioversion.

Be included in the main body 66 (Figure 11-14) at front end 58 rears for nose 18.Main body 66 is limited by upper surface 68, soffit 69 and side surface 70,71.In preferred structure, body surfaces 68-71 disperses backward, makes nose 18 outwards to expand from front end 58, thereby nose the firmer harsh conditions that stand to excavate are provided.Yet, can only make upper and

lower surperficial

68,69 to disperse each other, and

side surface

70,71 is extended axially basically in parallel with each other.Jack 20 has the rear that is positioned at front end 62 to receive the major part 76 of main body 66.This major part 76 comprises the upper wall consistent with body surfaces 68-71 78, lower wall 79 and sidewall 80,81.In a preferred embodiment, main body 66 and major part 76 all have trapezoidal transverse configuration.Adopt mainly along trapezoidal four

turnings

67,77 that provide of jack 20 and nose 's 18 length, rotate around axis 28 to stop abrasive element 14 as isolated ridge at these four

turnings

67,77.

In addition, in a preferred embodiment, among body surfaces 68-71 and the Socket walls 78-81 one of at least (and being preferably all these) have and bend to arc structure (Fig. 7,11 and 13) mutually; That is, body surfaces 68-71 preferably being recessed and crooked across its whole width basically, limits groove 84 with each side in four sides of main body 66.Similarly, Socket walls 78-81 protrudes and crooked being preferably across its whole width basically, to limit the protuberance 86 that is received in the groove 84.Nose surperficial 68-71 and Socket walls 78-81 are preferably bending to arcly basically on the whole width across it, strengthened turning 67,77, most advanced and sophisticated 14 rotations around base portion 12 are provided the resistance of increase in operation.Groove and protuberance also can reduce most advanced and sophisticated rotation quack sound on base portion.Though arcuate surfaces 68-71 and wall 78-81 are preferred, also can adopt other groove and protuberance to construct, for example quote US patent application No.11/706 as a reference here, disclosed in 582.Also can adopt other rotation stopping structure.

The use of groove 84 and protuberance 86, particularly crooked and extend through groove 84 and the protuberance 86 of the whole width of surperficial 68-71 and wall 78-81 basically gradually, make most advanced and sophisticated 14 to be assembled into easily on nose 18; That is the correct assembling position on, groove 84 and protuberance 86 import nose 18 with most advanced and sophisticated 14 synergistically when assembling.For example, when being installed to tip 14 on nose, if not correctly align with nose at first and are installed on nose 18 in tip 14, then supplied to backward on nose 18 along with the tip, received protuberance 86 joins to and will make the tip be rotated into correct alignment in the groove 84.The synergy of this groove 84 and protuberance 86 is simplified greatly and has been accelerated turning 67 and installed and be set in the turning 77.Between the shape of jack and nose portion, also can adopt some modification, as long as on the jack main body with the form fit of nose portion.

Nose surperficial 68-71 with groove 84 be axioversion preferably all, thus the outwards expansion along with extending back, to give nose 18 intensity is provided, up to the back surface of stability 85 that arrives nose 18.Similarly, the Socket walls 78-81 with protuberance 86 also all expands with consistent with surperficial 68-71.Socket walls 78-81 also limits the back surface of stability 95, with the breasting surface of stability 85.The back surface of stability 85,95 is parallel with longitudinal axis 28 basically.In a preferred embodiment, each surface of stability 85,95 is axially to disperse backward with respect to the angle of axis 28 about 7 degree.The back surface of stability 85,95 also preferably surrounds (or surrounding at least basically) nose 18 and jack 20, to resist non axial load better.Though contacting and to occur between various socket surfaces during the digging operation and nose portion, but area supported 60 before corresponding, 64 with the back surface of stability 85,95 between contact and be intended to primary prevention and be applied to load on the tooth, thereby desirable stability is provided.Though the surface of stability 85,95 preferably is formed with the short portion that extends axially, they can have longer or different structures.In addition, in some cases, for example, in tight duty operations, can need not to obtain benefit under the surface of stability 85,95 the condition.

Before bearing

surface

60,64 and the back surface of

stability

85,95 be arranged to make tip stabilizes on nose, and alleviate the stress in the parts.Can stably resist with load (with their orientation independent that applies) diametical axially and non axial backward power at the roughly hemispherical supporting

surface

60,64 at jack 20 and nose 's 18

front end

58,62 places.Adopt crooked continuously before area supported reduced most advanced and sophisticated on nose quack sound and the stress that has when having reduced to have the turning concentrate.As quoting US patent No.5 as a reference here, 709,043 is disclosed, and the quack sound by reducing most advanced and sophisticated rear portion also provides stable opposing to most advanced and sophisticated rear portion, the back surface of

stability

85,95 and preceding

bearing surface

60,64 complementations.Around nose 18 whole girth or extend (Fig. 7,9 and 11-14) around whole girth at least basically, they also can resist the load of the non axial orientation that applies along any direction by the surface of

stability

85,95.

The major part 76 of jack 20 preferably has nose 18 (Fig. 7 and 11) that roughly trapezoidal transverse configuration receives matched shape.The roughly trapezoidal transverse configuration of jack 20 is generally followed the roughly trapezoidal transverse configuration of most advanced and sophisticated 14 outside 97.The collaborative setting of jack 20 and outside 97 makes nose 18 the sizes maximization that can be accommodated in most advanced and sophisticated 14, and makes tip 14 be easy to create in casting process, and has improved strength-weight ratio.

Can use the different lock of many types that abrasive element 14 is fixed to base portion 12 releasedly.Yet in a preferred embodiment, in lock 16 openings 101 that are received in the abrasive element 14, opening 101 preferably is formed in the rear wall 27, though it also can be formed on other place (Fig. 1,9 and 15-20).Opening 101 preferably has axially elongated shape, and comprises antetheca 103, rear wall 105 and sidewall 107,109.Wheel rim 111 is structured in around the opening 101, with protection lock and extra intensity is provided.Wheel rim 111 also enlarges along rear wall 105, thereby extends to outside the outer surface 97 fartherly, and is identified for making lock 16 holes of passing through 113.This hole makes the position stability of lock 16, and allows the operator to approach easily.

Comprise for nose 18 from nose 18 upside 68 outwards outstanding with lock 16 retainers that engage 115.Retainer 115 preferably has the back side 119, and this back side 119 has recessed bent recess 121, and the front end 123 of lock 16 in use is received and remains in this depression 121, but also can adopt other layout to cooperate with lock.In preferred structure, opening 101 long enoughs and rear wall 27 enough tilt, thereby are provided for the gap of retainer 115 when abrasive element 14 is installed on nose 18.Yet, if desired, can in jack 20, arrange relief or other form the gap so that retainer 115 pass through.In addition, preferably by providing depression 118 to hold the part of lock 16, limit the protuberance of retainer 115.

Lock 16 is linear lock, is orientated roughly axially, so that abrasive element 14 is remained on the base portion 12, and carries out fastening to abrasive element 14 to the installation on nose 18.Adopt the linear lock of axial orientation to increase lock abrasive element is installed in fastening ability on nose; That is, it provides the bigger length of tightening up.In a preferred embodiment, lock 16 comprises the thread spindle 130 of the rear end 134 that has front end 123 and have the head, the nut 136 that is threaded into axle 130 and spring 138 (Fig. 1,9 and 15-20).Spring 138 is preferably formed by a series of resilient discs 140, and dish 140 is made of foam, rubber or other elastomeric material, and is separated by liner 142, and liner 142 is the form of packing ring preferably.A plurality of dishes 140 are used for enough power, elasticity being provided and tightening up.Packing ring is isolated resilient disc, makes them operate as a series of single spring elements.Packing ring 142 preferably is made of plastics, but also can be made by other material.In addition, the spring of preferable configuration is economical for making and being assembled on the axle 130.Yet, can adopt the spring of other kind.Thrust washer 142a or other device preferably are arranged on the end of spring so that enough supports to be provided.

Axle 130 centers extend through spring 138 with coupling nut 136.The front end 123 of axle 130 is installed in the depression 121, makes axle 130 be arranged to against retainer 115 to support.The rear end 134 of lock 16 extends through the hole 113 in the abrasive element 14, approaches lock can make the user in the outside of opening 101.Axle preferably is set at respect to axis 28 at angle, feasible 134 easier approaching.Spring 138 is arranged between rear wall 105 and the nut 136, makes it can apply bias force to abrasive element during lock is fastened.Hole 113 is preferably big than 134, passes through during being installed to assembly 10 will locking 16 to allow it.Hole 113 also can form open slot, to be suitable for that axle 130 is inserted from the top simply.Also can adopt 134 shown in replacing of other tool engagement structure.

In the use, abrasive element 14 slides at nose 18, makes to be installed to (Fig. 1 and 9) in the jack 20 for nose 18.Lock can be by being positioned at opening 101 outsides and (for example being installed in axle 130 discharged retainer on every side, simply reverse band) temporarily remain on the hole 113 for transportation, storage and/or installation, perhaps it can be installed after abrasive element is installed on nose.Under any circumstance, axle 130 is inserted via hole 113, and its front end 123 is arranged in the depression 121 of retainer 115.Lock 16 is positioned to along nose 18 outside, make need not in nose, to form the hole, slit waits to hold lock, thereby opposing load.134 by tool engagement and rotate, and so that locking is affixed to compressive state, thereby keeps abrasive element; That is, axle 130 rotates with respect to nut 136, makes front end 123 be pressed against on the retainer 115.This motion pulls nut 136 again conversely backward with against spring 138, and this spring 138 is compressed between nut 136 and the rear wall 105.The fastening of lock 16 moved abrasive element 14 on nose 18 (that is, preceding bearing surface 60,64 engages) tightly, thereby is slidingly matched during use, and wearing and tearing are littler.Spring 138 is further compressed in the lasting rotation of axle 130.Then, begin wearing and tearing along with nose with jack, compressed spring 138 forces abrasive element 14 backward.Preferred nose 18 and most advanced and sophisticated 14 stability make it possible to use axial lock, that is, do not have very big bending force to be applied to and lock, thereby can utilize the high axial compression strength of bolt, and abrasive element is remained to base portion.Lock 16 in light weight, no strikers, make easily, do not take a lot of spaces and need not and in nose, have any opening.

In preferred structure, lock 16 also comprises together with nut 136 and is installed to instruction unit 146 (Figure 15-20) on the axle 130.The plate that instruction unit 146 is preferably made by steel or other rigid material has that sidewall 107 near opening 101,109 is installed but is not the lateral edges 148,149 that is installed to tightly in the opening 101.Instruction unit 146 comprises fully or receives partly the opening of nut 136, rotates when axle 130 rotates to prevent nut.Lateral edges 148,149 has prevented that to sidewall 107,109 tight reception instruction unit 146 from rotating.Perhaps, instruction unit can have the screwed hole as nut; If save instruction unit, then need other device to come retention nut 136 not rotate.Instruction unit 146 can be discontinuous with nut 136 also.

Instruction unit 146 provides about when suitably fastening visual indication with pressure from expectation to abrasive element that apply of axle 130, thereby can not apply excessive stress at axle 130 and/or spring 138.In preferred structure, instruction unit 146 with along opening 101, namely the labeling section 152 along wheel rim 111 and/or sidewall 107,109 formation cooperate.Labeling section 152 preferably one of in the sidewall 107,109 or both be positioned on the wheel rim 111, but also can have other structure.Labeling section 146 is ridge or some structures preferably, and are not only mark, thus its can wearing and tearing begin to occur and initial be used for making when fastening lock 16 fastening again.

When axle 130 rotates and nut 136 is pulled rearward when dragging, instruction unit 146 is arranged in move backward under the condition of opening 101 (from the position of Figure 16) at nut 136.When instruction unit 146 is alignd with labeling section 152 (Figure 15), the operator knows fastening can stopping.In this position, regardless of nose go up and/or jack 20 in wearing and tearing, lock 16 applies predetermined pressure at abrasive element 14.Therefore, can easily avoid fastening deficiency and the excessive tightness of locking.As selection, instruction unit 146 can be saved, and axle 130 is fastened to the moment of torsion of scheduled volume.

Various aspects of the present invention preferably adopt together, to obtain optimum performance and advantage.Yet different aspects can adopt individually, with the benefit that provides them to be provided separately.

Claims

1. abrasive element that is used for excavating equipment comprises:

The homework department and the installation portion that roughly align of axis along the longitudinal, this installation portion comprises the jack that is fixed to the base portion of excavating equipment for reception, so that abrasive element is installed on the excavating equipment, and homework department be abrasive element be positioned at that part of of jack front,

The front side, in dredge operation, this front side in abrasive element advances by the soil process, be suitable for as to front surface and

Rear side, this rear side are suitable for conduct to the rear surface in abrasive element advances by the soil process,

Front side and rear side extend axially and stride across homework department and installation portion, and along at least a portion of installation portion and homework department, in the cross section perpendicular to longitudinal axis, the front side has the width bigger than rear side.

2. according to the abrasive element of claim 1, comprise opening, be used for receiving lock, so that abrasive element is fixed to base portion.

3. according to the abrasive element of claim 1, wherein, homework department is elongated blade.

4. according to the abrasive element of claim 1, wherein, installation portion has the roughly trapezoidal transverse configuration perpendicular to longitudinal axis.

5. according to the abrasive element of claim 4, wherein, homework department has the roughly trapezoidal transverse configuration perpendicular to longitudinal axis.

6. according to the abrasive element of claim 4, wherein, the whole length basically of installation portion has the roughly trapezoidal transverse configuration perpendicular to longitudinal axis.

7. according to the abrasive element of claim 1, wherein, at least one wall of jack archwise that curves inwardly is to limit the protuberance that is installed in the groove that forms on the base portion.

8. according to the abrasive element of claim 1, wherein, jack has roughly trapezoidal transverse configuration.

9. abrasive element according to Claim 8 wherein, determines that each wall of the jack of trapezoidal shape has the protrusion shape of the general curved of the whole width basically that strides across wall.

10. according to each abrasive element of aforementioned claim, also comprise:

In the excavation profile of the part at least forward of installation portion, the sidewall that extends between front side and rear side is roughly assembled towards rear side, excavates profile and be to penetrate central point in excavation and be parallel to the direct of travel that passes the soil and extend and excavate angle perpendicular to the cross section of longitudinal axis horizontal expansion with at least one.

11. according to the abrasive element of claim 10, wherein, in the excavation profile across the whole length basically of installation portion, sidewall is roughly assembled towards rear side.

12. according to each abrasive element of claim 1-9, wherein, this jack has across the roughly trapezoidal structure of longitudinal axis and by the surface institute of the archwise that all curves inwardly and is limited.

13. according to the abrasive element of claim 12, wherein, the surface of jack is basically across the whole width on the surface of the jack archwise that curves inwardly.

14. according to the abrasive element of claim 12, wherein, the front end of jack comprises roughly hemispheric preceding bearing surface.

15. according to each abrasive element of claim 1-9, wherein, this jack comprises and limiting around all being recessed into perpendicular to two axles of longitudinal axis and the front end of crooked preceding bearing surface, and at this front end rear and have a major part across the roughly trapezoidal configuration of longitudinal axis.

16. a wear assembly that is used for excavating equipment comprises:

Be fixed to the base portion on the excavating equipment;

According to each abrasive element of claim 1-9; And

Abrasive element is fixed to lock on the base portion releasedly.

17. according to the wear assembly of claim 16, wherein, base portion comprises the nose portion that is received in the jack, and wherein, nose and jack all have the roughly trapezoidal transverse configuration perpendicular to longitudinal axis.

18. according to the wear assembly of claim 16, wherein, base portion comprises the nose portion that is received in the jack, this nose portion comprises a plurality of grooves, and this jack comprises a plurality of protuberances that are received in the groove.