CN103147480A

CN103147480A - Wear assembly for excavating equipment

Info

Publication number: CN103147480A
Application number: CN2013100668634A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 查尔斯.G.奥林格四世; 克里斯.D.辛德; 约翰.S.克雷茨伯格
Original assignee: Esco Corp
Current assignee: Esco Corp
Priority date: 2007-05-10
Filing date: 2008-05-06
Publication date: 2013-06-12
Also published as: KR101595577B1; CO6241176A2; KR20150044974A; EP2160498A4; CY1116392T1; EP2160498A1; LT2910692T; KR101528984B1; NZ597854A; PT2910692T; DK2865814T3; PL2889434T3; PT2160498E; JP2015135052A; EP2865814A3; HRP20150541T1; CA2880205A1; ES2537085T3; DK2889434T3; JP5620263B2

Abstract

A wear assembly for excavating equipment includes a base fixed to the excavating equipment, a wear member fit over the base, and a lock to releasably hold the wear member to the base. The wear member includes side relief to reduce drag on the system. The wear member and the base each includes a hemispherical front end and a generally trapezoidal rear portion. The base includes a nose and a stop projecting from the nose to cooperate with the lock without an opening being needed to receive the lock into the nose. The lock is an elongate lock positioned generally in an axial direction and which holds the wear member to the base under compressive loads.

Description

The wear assembly that is used for excavating equipment

The application is that application is artificial: Esco Corp., and the applying date is: on May 6th, 2008, application number is: 200880024090.0, name is called: the dividing an application of invention that is used for the wear assembly of excavating equipment.

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of abrasive element is fixed to wear assembly on excavating equipment, particularly relate to and be suitable for attached and be used in wear assembly on strand formula bagger (dredge cutterhead).

Background technology

Strand formula bagger is used for excavating under water for example earth material in riverbed.Usually, strand formula bagger 1 comprises the 4 some arms 2 (Figure 21) that extend from basic ring 3 to hub.These upper-arm circumferences are spaced apart and be formed with wide spiral around the cutterhead central axis around basic ring.Each arm 2 is provided with a series of isolated teeth 5, is used for to mine working.Tooth forms by the adapter that is fixed to arm or base portion 6 and by lock 8 tips 7 that are attached to releasedly base portion.

In use, cutterhead rotates with the mining clay material around its central axis.Suction pipe is arranged near the material that digs out with removal of ring.In order to excavate the expectation swath in soil, cutterhead left and right and moving forward simultaneously.Due to rise and other motion of water, cutterhead also tends to move up and down, and periodically impacts basal surface.Further difficulty causes because the operator can not see the soil that is excavating under water, and is namely different from other dredge operation of great majority, can not be effectively twists the formula bagger along the Route guiding of the landform that is suitable for excavating most.Consider heavy duty and harsh environment, require the interconnection of most advanced and sophisticated and base portion stable and firm.

Make the cutterhead rotation, thereby tooth is rapidly actuated in the soil and passes the soil.Therefore, need sizable power to drive cutterhead, particularly in excavating rock.In order to make great efforts that power demand is minimized, the excavator tip generally has elongated, very thin blade, thereby more easily penetrates the soil.Yet along with blade shortens because of wearing and tearing, installation portion most advanced and sophisticated in cutting operation will begin to engage with the soil.Installation portion is wider than blade, but is not shaped in order to reduce resistance.Force at the resistance of the increase of cutterhead due to the installation portion that obtains, the tip can change before blade weares and teares fully usually.

Summary of the invention

According to an aspect of the present invention, the abrasive element that is used for excavating equipment is formed with front clearance in operation and installation portion, be used for the resistance relevant with digging operation minimized, and, the required power of this equipment of driving is minimized.The reducing and cause more efficient operation and abrasive element longer application life of power consumption.

According to the present invention, abrasive element has transverse configuration, and wherein, the width of front side makes the sidewall of abrasive element follow the shadow of front side, thereby reduces resistance greater than the width of corresponding rear side.Adopt less rear side not only to provide by the operation end, and the part provide to installation end at least.As a result, the resistance that stands of the abrasive element of the resistance ratios routine that stands of the abrasive element that has has worn and torn of the present invention is little.Less resistance changes the use of less power consumption and abrasive element longer time before needs are changed into.Therefore, the operation end of abrasive element can further wearing and tearing before needs are changed.

According to a further aspect in the invention, abrasive element has the excavation profile, and this excavation profile is limited by the transverse configuration of the part of the abrasive element that penetrates the soil on every direction all over moving through the soil in excavating.In another aspect of the present invention, the front clearance in abrasive element is arranged on and excavates in profile, with the resistance that reduces to stand in digging operation.In a preferred embodiment, front clearance is arranged in each excavation profile desired in the life-span of abrasive element, comprises the excavation profile around installation portion.

In another aspect of this invention, abrasive element comprises the jack of nose section that is fixed to the base portion of excavating equipment for reception.Jack is formed with roughly the roughly trapezoidal cross-sectional shape corresponding to the trapezoidal transverse exterior contour of abrasive element.The approximate match of the outside of this jack and installation portion makes easy to manufacture, the size of nose section is maximized, and improved strength-weight ratio.

In preferred structure, in the top surface of trapezoidal nose section, basal surface or side surface, the wall of the correspondence of one or more and jack all bends to arc to be assembled together.These surfaces and wall have progressive curvature, so that install easily, improve the stability of abrasive element, and stop that in use, abrasive element rotates around longitudinal axis.

According to a further aspect in the invention, jack and nose section include the rear surface of stability, should after surface of stability be arranged essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of abrasive element and basically extend around the girth of jack and nose section, the load backward that applies along all directions with opposing.

According to a further aspect in the invention, jack and nose section are formed with complementary front support face, and the front support face of described complementation is hemispherical roughly, reducing the stress in parts, and are controlled at better the quack sound that occurs between abrasive element and base portion.

Another aspect of the present invention, jack and nose section are formed with the front curve bearing surface at front end separately, and the front end rear has roughly trapezoidal cross-sectional shape, be used for to improve stability, make easy to manufacturely, the size of nose section is maximized, reduce resistance, stress and wearing and tearing, and improve strength-weight ratio.

According to a further aspect in the invention, wear assembly comprises base portion, is installed to the abrasive element of base portion and the lock of axial orientation, this be locked in compressive state with reliably, the mode easily using, be easy to make remains to base portion with abrasive element, and can the assembling on base portion carry out fastening to abrasive element.In a preferred embodiment, wear assembly comprises adjustable axial lock.

In another aspect of this invention, abrasive element comprises: opening, and lock is received in this opening; The hole is formed in the rear wall of opening, passes through to be suitable for making lock, thereby lock is stablized and be easy to fastening lock.

In another aspect of this invention, base portion and lock are only by using outstanding retainer to interact.As a result, need not to arrange standing hole, depression or path in nose and receive lock.Therefore the intensity of nose section is strengthened.

In another aspect of this invention, arrange and to regulate for the locking that abrasive element is fixed to base portion, so that regardless of the wear extent that may exist in base portion and/or abrasive element, all apply consistently predetermined fastening force to abrasive element.

In another aspect of this invention, abrasive element comprises labeling section, and this labeling section can be used for identification and when lock by fully fastening.

In another aspect of this invention, base portion is installed and be fixed to abrasive element by easy use, the axial lock that comprises new method.Abrasive element is arranged on nose of the base portion that is fixed to excavating equipment.Base portion comprises the retainer of outwards giving prominence to from nose.Axial lock is received in opening in abrasive element, and extends between the area supported on retainer and abrasive element, releasedly abrasive element is remained to nose section.

In another aspect of this invention, abrasive element first slides being fixed on the base portion of excavating equipment.The locking bit of axial orientation becomes, and bearing surface retainer on the base portion, another bearing surface abutment wall on the abrasive element makes lock be in axial compression.Regulate being locked into row, so that abrasive element moves on base portion tightly.

In another aspect of this invention, the lock that releasedly abrasive element is remained on base portion comprises: the screw thread linear axis has supported end and tool engagement end; Be threaded into the nut on axle; And spring, comprise around thread spindle being arranged on a plurality of annular resilient disc that replace and ring liner between supported end and nut.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is according to wear assembly of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the lateral view of abrasive element of the present invention.

Fig. 2 A is the lateral view of the abrasive element of routine.

Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional view that the line 3-3 in Fig. 2 cuts open.

Fig. 3 A is the cross-sectional view that the line 3A-3A in Fig. 2 A cuts open.

Fig. 4 is the cross-sectional view that the line 4-4 in Fig. 2 cuts open.

Fig. 5 is the cross-sectional view that the line 5-5 in Fig. 2 cuts open.

Fig. 6 is the cross-sectional view that the line 6-6 in Fig. 2 cuts open.

Fig. 6 A is the cross-sectional view that the line 6A-6A in Fig. 2 A cuts open.

Fig. 7 is the cross-sectional view that the line 7-7 in Fig. 2 cuts open.

Fig. 8 is the cross-sectional view that the line 8-8 in Fig. 2 cuts open.

Fig. 9 is the cross-sectional view that the line 9-9 in Fig. 1 cuts open.

Figure 10 is the top view of abrasive element.

Figure 11 is the rear elevation of abrasive element.

Figure 12 is the phantom drawing of the nose section of base portion of the present invention.

Figure 13 is the elevation of nose section.

Figure 14 is the lateral view of nose section.

Figure 15 is the enlarged perspective of the lock in wear assembly.

Figure 16 is the fastening enlarged perspective before that is locked in wear assembly.

Figure 17 is the phantom drawing of lock.

Figure 18 is the lateral view of lock.

Figure 19 is the decomposition diagram of lock.

Figure 20 is the phantom drawing (save at the tip) with lock of nose section.

Figure 21 is the lateral view of the dredge cutterhead of routine.

The specific embodiment

The present invention relates to a kind of wear assembly 10 for excavating equipment, the present invention is particularly suitable for digging operation.In this is used, for the tooth aspect that is suitable for being connected to strand formula bagger, the present invention is described.Yet different aspect of the present invention can be used for the wear assembly (for example, guard shield) of other kind and the excavating equipment (for example, scraper bowl) of other kind.

Sometimes with for example upper and lower, level, relative terms vertical, front and rear, assembly is described; It is necessary that these terms should not be considered to, and be only for convenience of description.Abrasive element is in digging operation, particularly the orientation in dredging operation can have significantly and to change.Except as otherwise noted, these relative terms should be understood in conjunction with the orientation of wear assembly shown in Figure 1 10.

Wear assembly 10 comprises: be fixed to base portion 12, the abrasive element 14 of dredge cutterhead and releasedly abrasive element remained to lock 16 (referring to Fig. 1-10) on base portion 12.

Base portion 12 comprises: outstanding nose 18 forward, abrasive element 14 is installed on this nose 18; With the installation end (not shown), it is fixed on the arm of strand formula bagger (Fig. 1,9 and 11-14).Base portion can be cast into arm a part, be welded to arm or by mechanical device attached.As just example, base portion can be as US patent No.4, disclosed such cutterhead that forms and be installed in 470,210 or US patent No.6,729,052.

In the tooth of bagger, abrasive element 14 is the tips with homework department 21 and installation portion 23, and homework department 21 is forms of elongated very thin blade, and installation portion 23 limits and receives the jack 20 (Fig. 1-10) of nose 18.Most advanced and sophisticated 14 rotate by cutterhead, make it all basically engage with the soil in an identical manner all over excavating for every.As a result, most advanced and sophisticated 14 comprise front side 25 and rear side 27.Along with each rotation of cutterhead, front side 25 is at first to engage and guide a side that penetrates the soil with the soil.In the present invention, by blade 21 (Fig. 5) and at least in part by installation portion 23 (Fig. 4), rear side 27 has the width less than front side 25 (that is, along the plane perpendicular to most advanced and sophisticated 14 longitudinal axis 28).In a preferred embodiment, run through most advanced and sophisticated 14 length, rear side 27 has the width less than front side 25 (Fig. 4,5 and 7).

Most advanced and sophisticated 14 blade 21 preferably has roughly trapezoidal transverse configuration, and wherein, front side 25 is than rear side 27 wide (Fig. 5).Term " transverse configuration " is used in reference to along the two-dimensional structure perpendicular to the plane of the longitudinal axis 28 of abrasive element 14.Due to narrowing down of tip,

sidewall

29,31 is followed the shadow of front side 25 when excavating, thereby produces hardly resistance when digging operation.In preferred structure,

sidewall

29,31 is assembled (Fig. 5) with the about angle θ of 16 degree towards rear side 27; Yet the structure of other angle also is fine.Front side 25, rear side 27 and

sidewall

29,31 can be the plane, curved surface or irregular.In addition, can adopt the shape except trapezoidal that front clearance (side relief) is provided.

In use, all over excavating (that is, along with each rotation of cutterhead), bagger tip 14 penetrates certain depth with the soil along with every.During most of useful life at tip, blade penetrates alone the soil.As an example, a soil height that excavates in circulation roughly extends at every central point all over excavating along line 3-3 (Fig. 2).Because blade only penetrates the soil and blade is relatively thin, so the resistance during dredge operation is in controlled range.Yet along with many teeth are passed the soil with constant airspeed ground driving faster, power demand is always higher, and, when digging rock, be particularly also useful even reduce resistance in blade to operation.

In preferable configuration,

sidewall

29,31 is not only assembled towards rear side 27, and is configured so that sidewall is arranged in the shadow of the front side 25 of excavating profile." excavation profile " is used in reference to the cross-sectional configuration of the part at the tip 14 that penetrates the soil along a plane, and wherein said plane (i) is parallel to direction of advance 34 and (ii) laterally perpendicular to longitudinal axis at the every central point all over excavating that passes the soil.Compare with real cross section, excavating profile is to being applied to the better expression of the resistance on the tip between the operating period.Provide front clearance to depend on angle and axial slope or the expansion of tip end surface on backward directions that sidewall is assembled towards rear side in excavating profile.Aim to provide such width, when considering to excavate the phantom drawing of profile, this width the past side direction rear side basically narrows down.The cutterhead that front clearance in the excavation profile preferably extends through expectation excavates the angle, has such front clearance if still excavate in the angle at least one, still can obtain advantage.As just an example, an of part that the cross-sectional configuration shown in Fig. 3 represents to be driven through the tip 14 in soil excavates profile 35.Just as can be seen, along with

sidewall

29,31 assembles to reduce resistance towards rear side 27, blade 21 even still has front clearance in excavating profile.

Along with blade 21 wearing and tearing, the soil height spreads gradually backward, thereby the thicker part after each excavates in circulation most advanced and sophisticated 14 more lean on is pushed through the soil.Therefore, along with points wear, need more power to drive cutterhead.Finally, enough blades are worn, and make at every installation portion 23 all over tip 14 in excavating and are driven through the soil.In the present invention, installation portion 23 at least the front end 40 (Fig. 4) of installation portion and preferably on whole installation portion (Fig. 4 and 7) comprise continuously front clearance.As shown in Figure 4, installation portion 23 is larger than blade 21, be suitable for nose 18 receive in jack 20 and be provided for most advanced and sophisticated 14 and base portion 12 between interconnective

sufficient intensity.Sidewall

29,31 tilts, to assemble to rear side 27.

Sidewall

29,31 gradients along line 4-4 are the about angle [alpha] (Fig. 4) of 26 degree in this example, but also can adopt other inclination angle.As discussed above, excavate relation between the axial expansion that front clearance that profile hopes mid-term depends on sidewall lateral inclination and tip.

In the most advanced and sophisticated 14a of a routine, blade 21a has trapezoidal transverse configuration, has the front side 25a wider than rear side 27a.Yet blade 21a does not provide front clearance in excavating profile.As what find out in Fig. 3 A, the excavation profile 35a in Fig. 2 A (that is, along line 3A-3A) does not have sidewall 29a, the 31a (Fig. 2 A and 3A) that assembles towards rear side 27a.But, along with sidewall extends towards rear side, excavate sidewall 29a, 31a in profile 35a with the gradient that increases gradually to external expansion.Opening backward of sidewall 29a, 31a will produce the resistance that increases on cutterhead.Compare with just adopt known sidewall in transverse configuration, effectively adopt front clearance in the tip 14 of excavating profile, reduced better resistance.

In another example, the part along line 6-6 (Fig. 2 and 6) that blade 21 has been worn down to installation portion 23 is driven through the degree in soil.Even installation portion 23 is provided for reducing the front clearance of resistance; That is,

sidewall

29,31 is even assembled towards rear side in excavating profile 45.Exist front clearance to make resistance less in excavation profile 45, thereby it is less that the required power in soil is passed in its driving.Conversely, the resistance that reduces can make cutterhead continue to carry out operation with wearing up to the tip that installation portion penetrates the degree in soil.In the most advanced and sophisticated 14a of routine, installation portion 23a does not have band towards the sidewall 29a of rear side 27a convergence, the trapezoidal transverse configuration of 31a.And, as what find out in Fig. 6 A, sidewall 29a, 31a in the excavation profile 45a that cuts open along the line 6a-6a around the front end 40a of installation portion 23a from front side 25a separately.Particularly compare with of the present invention most advanced and sophisticated 14, lack front clearance in the excavation profile and apply very large resistance when most advanced and sophisticated 14a is driven through the soil on most advanced and sophisticated 14a.Due to the very large resistance that most advanced and sophisticated in the case 14a produces, many operators can (even not wearing and tearing fully of blade 21a) change most advanced and sophisticated when installation portion 23a begins to be driven through the soil.By the present invention, most advanced and sophisticated 14 can continue on base portion 12 until blade 21 is is further worn and torn.

In preferred structure,

sidewall

29,31 47 continues to come to a point gradually from most advanced and sophisticated 14 front end 37 to the rear end.As shown in Figure 7, even at the rear portion of installation portion 23,

sidewall

29,31 is also assembled towards rear side 27.In addition, even also providing front clearance in the excavation profile 55 of line 8-8 (Fig. 2 and 8), that is, even

sidewall

29,31 is also assembled towards rear side 27 in the excavation profile 55 of this back.

As mentioned above, use the tip 14 with front clearance in blade 21 and installation portion 23, in fact can use together with any nose and socket configuration.Yet in a preferable configuration, the front end 58 of nose 18 comprises towards front bearing surface 60, should protrude towards front bearing surface 60 around two vertical axises and crooked (Fig. 1,9 and 11-14).Similarly, the front end 62 of jack 20 is formed with complementary recessed and crooked bearing surface 64, against bearing surface 60, (Fig. 1,7,9 and 11) to be set.Shown in structure in,

front support face

60,64 is all consistent with spherical segment, to reduce applying (for example in US patent No.6,729 because of non axial load, disclosed in 052, the full content of this patent is hereby incorporated by) and be created in stress in parts.

Preferably, front end 58,62 is roughly hemispherical, with reduce most advanced and sophisticated 14 and base portion 12 between quack sound, and more effectively resist from directive load.The front support face 64 of jack 20 is preferably slightly wide than the hemispherical of its end and center, thereby be suitable for reliably being arranged on different base portions (namely most advanced and sophisticated 14, need not binding or reduce as far as possible), described base portion is operating as real hemispherical socket surfaces on the hemispherical ball surface at base portion 12 under general load or wearing and tearing subsequently.In the tooth 10a of routine (Fig. 2 A), along with tooth is forced through the soil, most advanced and sophisticated 14a moves on nose.The front end of jack and nose section is angled with respect to flat area supported and hard turning.In use, most advanced and sophisticated 14a moves on nose, and the front portion that makes jack 20a is around nose front end and send quack sound against nose front end, and the jack rear end is moved around nose rear end and sends quack sound against nose rear end.This movement and send quack sound and make most advanced and sophisticated and base portion weares and teares.In the present invention, use hemispheric front support face 60,64 roughly to reduce to a great extent the quack sound (Fig. 1 and 9) at nose 18 and jack 20 front end places.Yet, use level and smooth continuous front support face can make the tip locate to roll to reduce wearing and tearing at nose.Be arranged essentially parallel to the small band bar 65 of longitudinal axis 28 preferably directly in the roughly rear extension of hemispheric area supported, thereby still keeping the ability of the support of expectation when being provided at wearing and tearing for nose section.Term " substantially parallel " be intended to comprise parallel surface and those for make or other purpose with low-angle (for example, approximately 1-7 degree) from surface that axis 28 axially departs from backward.Small band bar 65 preferably is not more than 5 degree with respect to axis 28 axioversions, and most preferably, axioversion is the 2-3 degree approximately.

Be included in the main body 66 (Figure 11-14) at front end 58 rears for nose 18.Main body 66 is limited by upper surface 68, soffit 69 and side surface 70,71.In preferred structure, body surfaces 68-71 disperses backward, makes nose 18 from front end 58 to external expansion, thereby nose the firmer harsh conditions that stand to excavate are provided.Yet, can only make upper and

lower surperficial

68,69 to disperse each other, and

side surface

70,71 is extended axially basically in parallel with each other.Jack 20 has the rear that is positioned at front end 62 to receive the major part 76 of main body 66.This major part 76 comprises the upper wall consistent with body surfaces 68-71 78, lower wall 79 and sidewall 80,81.In a preferred embodiment, main body 66 and major part 76 all have trapezoidal transverse configuration.Adopt mainly along trapezoidal four

turnings

67,77 that provide of jack 20 and nose 's 18 length, rotate around axis 28 to stop abrasive element 14 as isolated ridge at these four

turnings

67,77.

In addition, in a preferred embodiment, in body surfaces 68-71 and Socket walls 78-81 one of at least (and being preferably all these) have and mutually bend to arc structure (Fig. 7,11 and 13); That is, body surfaces 68-71 is preferably being recessed and crooked basically on whole width across it, to limit groove 84 on each side in four sides of main body 66.Similarly, Socket walls 78-81 protrudes and crooked basically being preferably on whole width across it, to limit the protuberance 86 that is received in groove 84.Nose surperficial 68-71 and Socket walls 78-81 are preferably bending to arcly basically on whole width across it, strengthened turning 67,77, most advanced and sophisticated 14 rotations around base portion 12 are provided the resistance of increase in operation.Groove and protuberance also can reduce most advanced and sophisticated rotation quack sound on base portion.Although arcuate surfaces 68-71 and wall 78-81 are preferred, also can adopt other groove and protuberance to construct, for example quote US patent application No.11/706 as a reference here, disclosed in 582.Also can adopt other rotation stopping structure.

The use of groove 84 and protuberance 86, particularly bending also extends through groove 84 and the protuberance 86 of the whole width of surperficial 68-71 and wall 78-81 basically gradually, makes most advanced and sophisticated 14 easily to be assembled on nose 18; That is the correct assembling position on, groove 84 and protuberance 86 import nose 18 with most advanced and sophisticated 14 synergistically when assembling.For example, when being installed to tip 14 on nose, if not correctly align with nose at first and are arranged on nose 18 in tip 14, supplied to backward on nose 18 along with the tip, received protuberance 86 joins to and will make the tip be rotated into correct alignment in groove 84.The synergy of this groove 84 and protuberance 86 is greatly simplified and has been accelerated turning 67 and installed and be set in turning 77.Between the shape of jack and nose section, also can adopt some modification, as long as on the jack main body with the form fit of nose section.

Nose surperficial 68-71 with groove 84 be axioversion preferably all, thus along with extending back to external expansion, to give nose 18 intensity is provided, until arrive the rear surface of stability 85 of nose 18.Similarly, the Socket walls 78-81 that has protuberance 86 also all expands with consistent with surperficial 68-71.Socket walls 78-81 also limits the rear surface of stability 95, with the breasting surface of stability 85.The rear surface of stability 85,95 is basically parallel with longitudinal axis 28.In a preferred embodiment, each surface of stability 85,95 with respect to axis 28 approximately the angles of 7 degree axially disperse backward.The rear surface of stability 85,95 also preferably surrounds (or at least basically surrounding) nose 18 and jack 20, to resist better non axial load.Although contacting and to occur between various socket surfaces during digging operation and nose section, but contacting between corresponding front support surface 60,64 and the rear surface of stability 85,95 is intended to primary prevention and is applied to load on tooth, thereby the stability of expectation is provided.Although the surface of stability 85,95 preferably is formed with the short section that extends axially, they can have longer or different structures.In addition, in some cases, for example, in tight duty operations, can need not to obtain benefit under the surface of stability 85,95 condition.

Front support face

60,64 and the rear surface of

stability

85,95 be arranged to make tip stabilizes on nose, and alleviate the stress in parts.Can stably resist with load (with their orientation independent that applies) diametical axially and non axial backward power at the roughly hemispherical supporting

surface

60,64 at jack 20 and nose 's 18

front end

58,62 places.Adopt crooked continuous front support surface reduced most advanced and sophisticated on nose quack sound and the stress that has when having reduced to have the turning concentrate.As quoting US patent No.5 as a reference here, 709,043 is disclosed, and the quack sound by reducing most advanced and sophisticated rear portion also provides stable opposing to most advanced and sophisticated rear portion, the rear surface of

stability

85,95 and

front support face

60,64 complementations.Around the whole girth of nose 18 or at least basically extend (Fig. 7,9 and 11-14) around whole girth, they also can resist the load of the non axial orientation that applies along any direction by the surface of

stability

85,95.

The major part 76 of jack 20 preferably has nose 18 (Fig. 7 and 11) that roughly trapezoidal transverse configuration receives matched shape.The roughly trapezoidal transverse configuration of jack 20 is generally followed the roughly trapezoidal transverse configuration of most advanced and sophisticated 14 outside 97.The collaborative setting of jack 20 and outside 97 maximizes the sizes of nose 18 that can be accommodated in most advanced and sophisticated 14, and makes most advanced and sophisticated 14 to be easy to create in casting process, and has improved strength-weight ratio.

Can use the different lock of many types that abrasive element 14 is fixed to base portion 12 releasedly.Yet in a preferred embodiment, in lock 16 openings 101 that are received in abrasive element 14, opening 101 preferably is formed in rear wall 27, although it also can be formed on other place (Fig. 1,9 and 15-20).Opening 101 preferably has the shape of axial slender, and comprises antetheca 103, rear wall 105 and sidewall 107,109.Wheel rim 111 is structured in around opening 101, with protection lock and extra intensity is provided.Wheel rim 111 also enlarges along rear wall 105, thereby extends to outside outer surface 97 fartherly, and is identified for making lock 16 holes of passing through 113.This hole makes the position stability of lock 16, and allows the operator easily to approach.

Comprise for nose 18 from the upside 68 of nose 18 outwards outstanding with lock 16 retainers that engage 115.Retainer 115 preferably has the back side 119, and this back side 119 has recessed bent recess 121, and the front end 123 of lock 16 in use is received and remains in this depression 121, but also can adopt other layout to cooperate with lock.In preferred structure, opening 101 long enoughs and rear wall 27 enough tilt, thereby are provided for the gap of retainer 115 when abrasive element 14 is installed on nose 18.Yet, if necessary, can arrange in jack 20 relief or other form the gap so that retainer 115 pass through.In addition, preferably by providing depression 118 to hold the part of lock 16, limit the protuberance of retainer 115.

Lock 16 is linear lock, is orientated roughly axially, so that abrasive element 14 is remained on base portion 12, and carries out fastening to abrasive element 14 to the installation on nose 18.Adopt the linear lock of axial orientation to increase lock abrasive element is arranged on fastening ability on nose; That is, it provides the more big-length that tightens up.In a preferred embodiment, lock 16 comprises having front end 123 and with thread spindle 130, the nut 136 that is threaded into axle 130 and the spring 138 of the rear end 134 of head (Fig. 1,9 and 15-20).Spring 138 is preferably formed by a series of resilient discs 140, and dish 140 is made of foam, rubber or other elastomeric material, and is separated by liner 142, and liner 142 is the form of packing ring preferably.A plurality of dishes 140 are used for enough power, elasticity being provided and tightening up.Packing ring is isolated resilient disc, makes them operate as a series of single spring elements.Packing ring 142 preferably is made of plastics, but also can be made by other material.In addition, the spring of preferable configuration is economical for making and being assembled on axle 130.Yet, can adopt the spring of other kind.Thrust washer 142a or other device preferably are arranged on the end of spring so that enough supports to be provided.

Axle 130 centers extend through spring 138 with coupling nut 136.The front end 123 of axle 130 is installed in depression 121, makes axle 130 be arranged to against retainer 115 to support.The rear end 134 of lock 16 extends through the hole 113 in abrasive element 14, approaches lock can make the user in the outside of opening 101.Axle preferably is set as with respect to axis 28 at angle, makes 134 more easily to approach.Spring 138 is arranged between rear wall 105 and nut 136, makes it can apply bias force to abrasive element during lock is fastened.Hole 113 is preferably large than 134, passes through during being installed to assembly 10 will lock 16 to allow it.Hole 113 also can form open slot, to be suitable for that axle 130 is inserted from the top simply.Also can adopt 134 shown in replacing of other tool engagement structure.

In use, abrasive element 14 slides on nose 18, makes nose 18 and is installed to (Fig. 1 and 9) in jack 20.Lock can be by being positioned at opening 101 outsides and (for example being arranged on axle 130 discharged retainer on every side, the simple band that reverses) temporarily remain on for the hole 113 of transporting, storing and/or installing, perhaps it can be installed after abrasive element is installed on nose.Under any circumstance, axle 130 is inserted via hole 113, and its front end 123 is arranged in the depression 121 of retainer 115.Lock 16 is positioned to along the outside of nose 18, makes to need not to form hole, slit etc. hold lock in nose, thus opposing load.134 by tool engagement and rotate, and so that locking is affixed to compressive state, thereby keeps abrasive element; That is, axle 130 rotates with respect to nut 136, makes front end 123 be pressed against on retainer 115.This motion pulls nut 136 again conversely backward with against spring 138, and this spring 138 is compressed between nut 136 and rear wall 105.The fastening of lock 16 moved abrasive element 14 on nose 18 (that is, front support face 60,64 engages) tightly, thereby is slidably matched during use, and wearing and tearing are less.The further Compress Spring 138 of the lasting rotation of axle 130.Then, begin wearing and tearing along with nose with jack, compressed spring 138 forces abrasive element 14 backward.Preferred nose 18 and most advanced and sophisticated 14 stability make it possible to use axial lock, that is, do not have very large bending force to be applied to and lock, thereby can utilize the high axial compression strength of bolt, and abrasive element is remained to base portion.Lock 16 lightweight, without striker, easily make, do not take a lot of spaces and need not have any opening in nose.

In preferred structure, lock 16 also comprises together with nut 136 and is installed to instruction unit 146 (Figure 15-20) on axle 130.The plate that instruction unit 146 is preferably made by steel or other rigid material has that sidewall 107 near opening 101,109 is installed but is not the lateral edges 148,149 that is installed to tightly in opening 101.Instruction unit 146 comprises fully or receives partly the opening of nut 136, rotates when axle 130 rotates to prevent nut.Lateral edges 148,149 has prevented that to sidewall 107,109 tight reception instruction unit 146 from rotating.Perhaps, instruction unit can have the screwed hole as nut; If save instruction unit, need other device to come retention nut 136 not rotate.Instruction unit 146 can be also discontinuous with nut 136.

Instruction unit 146 provides about when suitably fastening visual indication with pressure from expectation to abrasive element that apply of axle 130, thereby can not apply excessive stress on axle 130 and/or spring 138.In preferred structure, instruction unit 146 with along opening 101, namely the labeling section 152 along wheel rim 111 and/or sidewall 107,109 formation cooperate.Labeling section 152 preferably one of in the sidewall 107,109 or both be positioned on wheel rim 111, but also can have other structure.Labeling section 146 is ridge or some structures preferably, and are not only mark, thus its can wearing and tearing begin to occur and initial be used for making when fastening lock 16 again fastening.

When axle 130 rotates and nut 136 is pulled rearward when dragging, instruction unit 146 is arranged in move backward under the condition of opening 101 (from the position of Figure 16) at nut 136.When instruction unit 146 is alignd with labeling section 152 (Figure 15), the operator knows fastening can stopping.In this position, regardless of the wearing and tearing in nose upper and/or jack 20, lock 16 applies predetermined pressure on abrasive element 14.Therefore, can easily avoid fastening deficiency and the excessive tightness of locking.As selection, instruction unit 146 can be saved, and axle 130 is fastened to the moment of torsion of scheduled volume.

Various aspects of the present invention preferably adopt together, to obtain optimum performance and advantage.Yet different aspects can adopt individually, with the benefit that provides them to be provided separately.

Claims

1. an abrasive element that is used for excavating equipment, comprise homework department and installation portion, and described homework department has elongated blade, and described installation portion comprises the jack of nose section that is fixed to excavating equipment for reception so that abrasive element is arranged on excavating equipment,

Abrasive element has front side, rear side and with respect to advancing at abrasive element by the relative sidewall on the direction in soil, homework department and installation portion have front clearance, along by blade perpendicular to the plane of the longitudinal axis of abrasive element and at least along the front end in abutting connection with blade of installation portion, rear side has the width less than the front side.

2. according to claim 1 abrasive element, wherein homework department has the trapezoidal transverse configuration perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of abrasive element.

3. according to claim 1 abrasive element, the sidewall that wherein extends between front side and rear side is assembled towards rear side.

4. according to claim 3 abrasive element, wherein sidewall is assembled with the angles of about 16 degree.

5. according to claim 3 abrasive element, wherein sidewall is arranged in the shadow that excavates profile, excavate profile and be the cross-sectional configuration of the part of the abrasive element that penetrates the soil along a plane, wherein said plane parallel is in direction of advance and laterally perpendicular to longitudinal axis.

6. according to claim 5 abrasive element, wherein front clearance is present at least one and excavates in profile.

7. according to claim 5 abrasive element, wherein front clearance is present in all and excavates in profiles.

8. according to claim 1 abrasive element, wherein sidewall is the plane.

9. according to claim 1 abrasive element, wherein sidewall is curved surface.

10. according to claim 1 abrasive element, wherein sidewall is irregular.

11. according to the abrasive element of aforementioned claim any one, wherein jack is formed with recessed and crooked front support face.

12. abrasive element according to claim 11, wherein the front support face is recessed and crooked on the both direction of a part that forms spheroid.

13. according to the abrasive element of aforementioned claim any one, wherein jack has major part, this major part comprises upper wall, lower wall and the sidewall that forms perpendicular to the trapezoidal transverse configuration of longitudinal axis.

14. abrasive element according to claim 13, wherein each wall of major part to be axially disperseing backward less than the angles of 7 degree with respect to longitudinal axis, and defines the rear surface of stability with the nose section of breasting.

15. abrasive element according to claim 14, wherein at least one wall in each wall of major part is protrusion and crooked on across the whole width of wall, to limit the protuberance that is assemblied in the groove that is formed on nose.

16. abrasive element according to claim 14, wherein all walls of major part are to be protrusion and crooked on across the whole width of wall, to limit the protuberance that is assemblied in the groove that is formed on nose.

17. abrasive element according to claim 15, wherein protuberance is crooked gradually.

18. abrasive element according to claim 1 also comprises for the opening that receives lock, so that abrasive element is fixed on base portion.