EP2864061A1 - Procédé de production de fibres de carbone et/ou de verre secondaires - Google Patents
Procédé de production de fibres de carbone et/ou de verre secondairesInfo
- Publication number
- EP2864061A1 EP2864061A1 EP13732882.9A EP13732882A EP2864061A1 EP 2864061 A1 EP2864061 A1 EP 2864061A1 EP 13732882 A EP13732882 A EP 13732882A EP 2864061 A1 EP2864061 A1 EP 2864061A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- carbon
- fibers
- heat treatment
- glass fibers
- particles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000004918 carbon fiber reinforced polymer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052704 radon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N radon atom Chemical compound [Rn] SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 52
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- -1 polyethylenes Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMVSDNDAUGGCCE-TYYBGVCCSA-L Ferrous fumarate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]C(=O)\C=C\C([O-])=O PMVSDNDAUGGCCE-TYYBGVCCSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102100040287 GTP cyclohydrolase 1 feedback regulatory protein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710185324 GTP cyclohydrolase 1 feedback regulatory protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010327 methods by industry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002835 noble gases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003797 solvolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001757 thermogravimetry curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2707/00—Use of elements other than metals for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
- B29K2707/04—Carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2709/00—Use of inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29K2703/00 - B29K2707/00, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
- B29K2709/08—Glass
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the production of secondary carbon and / or glass fibers from waste parts and / or rejects made of a carbon fiber reinforced plastic, a glass fiber reinforced plastic or a mixture of carbon fiber and glass fiber reinforced plastics.
- CFRP carbon fiber reinforced plastic
- GRP glass fiber reinforced plastic
- these composites may contain a thermoset, a thermoplastic or an elastomer depending on their desired properties.
- thermoplastics are polyethylenes, polypropylenes, polystyrenes, polycarbonates and polyamides
- suitable thermosets are phenolic resins, epoxy resins, fumar resins, phenylester resins, vinylester resins, thermosetting polyester resins and cyanester resins.
- CFRP materials are very expensive due to the carbon fibers contained therein.
- DE 10 2008 002 846 A1 discloses a process for recycling semifinished products and / or components made of fiber-reinforced plastic, in which the fibers present in the plastic matrix are completely separated from the matrix material before the free fibers thus obtained are wetted with a binder , For the above reasons, it is imperative in this method that the free fibers are not further processed until wetted with the binder and in particular are not moved. This process is therefore technically complex and expensive.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a process for the production of secondary carbon and / or glass fibers, in which carbon fiber and / or glass fibers are obtained from CFRP and / or GRP waste material, which is simple in terms of process engineering and, in particular, inexpensive to carry out , and a good metering and handling of the fibers provides, whereby no application of sizing to avoid a separation of free fibers is no longer required.
- this object is achieved by a method for the production of secondary carbon and / or glass fibers, which comprises the following steps: a) crushing of waste parts and / or rejects made of a carbon fiber reinforced plastic, a glass fiber reinforced plastic or a mixture of carbon fiber and glass fiber reinforced plastics as well
- step b) carrying out a heat treatment with the comminuted waste parts and / or rejects obtained in step a) in an oxygen-containing atmosphere, the heat treatment being carried out in such a way that a part of the plastic contained in the waste parts and / or rejects decomposes into resin coke and the Residual of the plastic is burned to gas (s), so that carbon fibers, glass fibers or a mixture of carbon and glass fibers is / is obtained, which have based on their total weight 3 to 30 wt .-% resin coke.
- This solution is based on the surprising finding that in a process in which comminuted waste or scrap parts of a carbon fiber reinforced plastic, a glass fiber reinforced plastic or a mixture of carbon fiber and glass fiber reinforced plastics in an oxygen-containing atmosphere thermally decomposes by heat treatment be that carbon fibers, glass fibers or a mixture of carbon and glass fibers is / is obtained, which, based on their total weight 3 to 30 wt .-% resin coke, a job of sizing to avoid fiber separation is no longer required. Rather, the Harzkoks present in the aforementioned amount on the fibers takes over the function of the sizing, by stabilizing the fibers or held together.
- the fibers having the desired resin coke content are obtained by breaking up If the CFRP or GFRP is heat-treated sufficiently long at a sufficiently high temperature and at such an oxygen content that a large part of the plastic burns to form reaction gases, a desired proportion of the plastic contained in the starting material is thermally decomposed to carbon. This carbon separates out finely distributed on the fibers and takes over the function of sizing. Thus, carbon fiber and / or glass fibers can be recovered in a quality which corresponds to that of new fibers in a simple and cost-effective manner and in high yield from CFRP and / or GRP waste material.
- the secondary carbon and / or glass fibers thus produced are suitable for the production of carbon fiber reinforced plastic, glass fiber reinforced plastic, carbon fiber reinforced carbon or carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide, which are used for example for the production of blast furnace blocks, cathodes, graphite nipples and the like.
- waste parts or rejects made of any carbon fiber or glass fiber reinforced plastic can be used and in particular corresponding waste parts or rejects, which have a matrix of a resin with lower carbon yield, such as epoxy resin.
- the method according to the invention is not limited to the use of corresponding waste parts with a matrix of a carbonizable resin, such as phenolic resin, which in the art is understood as meaning a resin which has a high carbon yield, ie a resin in which the Ratio between the residue after carbonization and the initial resin is relatively high.
- Resin coke is used for the purposes of the present invention by thermal decomposition of plastic obtained carbon residue.
- This carbon residue corresponds to the carbon residue obtainable by pyrolysis of appropriate plastic material.
- pyrolysis is understood to mean a thermal decomposition with the exclusion of oxygen, so that, strictly speaking, the heat treatment to be carried out in an oxygen-containing atmosphere according to the invention does not involve pyrolysis.
- the oxygen content for the heat treatment is adjusted so that only a part of the plastic contained in the crushed raw material burns, whereas the other part is thermally decomposed into carbon, this heat treatment is a combustion combined with pyrolysis.
- the resin coke content is preferably determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) according to the present invention, most preferably using a TA Instruments TGA Q500 TGA meter, the TGA in an atmosphere of air between room temperature and 1000 ° C C is carried out at a constant heating rate of 1 to 30 ° C / minute.
- TGA thermogravimetric analysis
- most preferably 10 samples each having a weight of between 5 mg to 50 mg, preferably between 10 mg and 20 mg are taken representatively from different fiber bundles of the pyrolyzed material and their resin coke content under the above conditions, but preferably at a heating rate of 2 ° C / minute, determined with a TGA meter from TA Instruments of the type TGA Q500. Thereafter, the arithmetic mean is calculated from the values obtained for each sample. the Those skilled in TGA measurements but also any other skilled in the art of sampling for quantitative analysis are aware of the measures to be taken for representative sampling.
- the resin coke initially burns at a certain temperature, before the fibers begin to burn at a higher temperature.
- the Harzkoksgehalt can be calculated.
- a typical TGA curve is shown by way of example, taken at a heating rate of 2 K / min.
- two large steps are recognizable, namely between about 300 ° C and 500 ° C, the sample loses about 30% mass by burning off the Harzkokses and from about 600 ° C, the fibers burn off.
- the Harzkoksgehalt this sample was almost 30%.
- the fibers having the desired resin coke content are obtained by heat treating comminuted CFRP for a sufficient time at a sufficiently high temperature and oxygen content that most of the plastic burns to form reaction gases, whereas the desired Proportion of the plastic contained in the starting material is thermally decomposed to carbon.
- the optimum combination of temperature of the heat treatment, duration of the heat treatment and oxygen content in the atmosphere in which the heat treatment is carried out depend on the type of starting material used and in particular its fiber content, the chemical nature of the fibers contained therein and the chemical nature of the matrix contained therein. Plastic material.
- the heat treatment is carried out in an atmosphere having a comparatively low oxygen content, preferably in an atmosphere having an oxygen content of 0.1 to 5% by volume, more preferably having an oxygen content of 0.25 to 3% by volume and most preferably having an oxygen content of 0.5 to 2 vol .-%.
- the lower the oxygen content the higher the temperature at which the heat treatment is performed, and the greater the fiber content in the feedstock.
- the heat treatment in addition to the oxygen exclusively gas (s) provide, which (s) in the case of temperatures reached with the heat treatment do not react with the matrix material and the fiber material.
- the heat treatment is preferably carried out in an atmosphere consisting of oxygen and one or more inert gases.
- Suitable inert gases are in particular noble gases and nitrogen, ie gases which are selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon and any mixtures of two or more of the above gases.
- the temperature at which the heat treatment is carried out depends, in addition to the oxygen content and the duration of the heat treatment in particular on the nature of the starting material used, in particular its fiber content, the chemical nature of the fibers contained therein and the chemical nature of the therein contained plastic material. In most cases, the temperature at which the heat treatment is carried out will be 400 to 1000 ° C, with good results in particular, when the heat treatment is carried out at a temperature of 500 to 900 ° C, and more preferably 600 to 800 ° C.
- the heat treatment may be carried out at a constant temperature, for example by first heating the furnace in which the heat treatment is carried out to the desired temperature before introducing the shredded waste and / or rejects obtained in step a) into the furnace and then heat treated.
- the heat treatment is carried out with a temperature profile. This is preferably accomplished so that the shredded waste and / or rejects obtained in step a) are heated to a maximum temperature in a suitable furnace in an atmosphere containing oxygen at room temperature at a rate of 1 ° C / hour to 10 ° C / minute are cooled down to room temperature after a holding time at the maximum temperature, preferably at a cooling rate of 1 ° C / hour to 10 ° C / minute.
- the maximum temperature is 400 to 1,000 ° C, more preferably 500 to 900 ° C, and most preferably 600 to 800 ° C.
- the duration for which the maximum temperature is maintained in the furnace depends on the type of furnace, on the height of the maximum temperature, on the heating rate, on the cooling rate and on the starting material used, in particular on its fiber content. from the chemical nature of the fibers contained therein and from the chemical nature of the plastic material contained therein. In general, the Duration for which the maximum temperature is maintained, 1 hour to 10 days, preferably 1 to 24 hours and more preferably 5 to 20 hours.
- the total duration of the heat treatment ie in the case of a heat treatment with a temperature profile, the total duration including the periods for heating and cooling, 2 hours to 4 weeks.
- the suitable total duration is determined quite decisively by the type of furnace used, but also by the height of the maximum temperature, the heating rate, the cooling rate and the starting material used, in particular its fiber content, of the chemical nature of it contained fibers and the chemical nature of the plastic material contained therein.
- the suitable total duration for the heat treatment may be, for example, 1 to 5 days, or alternatively, for example, 1 to 4 weeks.
- the heat treatment is preferably carried out at a constant temperature
- the heat treatment is preferably carried out under the following conditions:
- the heat treatment is preferably carried out with a temperature profile
- the heat treatment is preferably carried out under the following conditions:
- the present invention is not particularly limited.
- good results are obtained when the heat treatment is carried out in an oven selected from the group consisting of rotary kilns, ring furnaces, push-through furnaces, shuttle kilns, shaft kilns, tunnel kilns, fluidized bed reactors, and fixed bed reactors.
- Particularly good results are achieved with rotary kilns and ring furnaces, which are therefore particularly preferred according to the present invention.
- CFRP and / or GRP materials can be used for the process according to the invention.
- flat waste parts and / or rejects are used from a carbon fiber reinforced plastic, in which the fibers in the form of fabric, scrim, knitted fabric, knitted fabric, non-woven and / or felt are present.
- the term "planar" in this context means that the waste parts each have a length and width which are each at least five times the thickness of the waste parts, in which case the waste parts made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic used are not thicker than 3 mm
- the particles of carbon fibers obtained from the recycling process with the carbon fibers cohesive Harzkoks have the dimensions described below.
- the present invention is also not restricted with regard to the content of carbon fibers or glass fibers of the CFRP and / or GRP waste parts and / or rejects used.
- Particularly suitable starting materials for the process according to the invention are waste parts and / or rejects made from a carbon fiber-reinforced plastic which has a carbon fiber content of from 20 to 80% by volume and preferably from 30 to 70% by volume, of a glass-fiber-reinforced plastic which has a glass fiber content from 20 to 80% by volume and preferably from 30 to 70% by volume, or from a carbon- and glass-fiber-reinforced plastic which has a carbon fiber content of from 20 to 80% by volume and preferably from 30 to 60% by volume , a glass fiber content of 5 to 50 vol .-% and preferably from 5 to 25 vol .-%.
- the remainder to 100% by volume of the abovementioned quantitative ranges is of course the amount of constituents contained in the CFK and / or GFK waste parts used in addition to the carbon fibers or glass fibers, that is to say the amount of polymeric matrix material plus the amount of any further constituents contained in the CFRP and / or GRP waste parts, such as, for example, thermoplastic fibers, such as polypropylene and / or polyester fibers, and / or metals.
- the waste parts and / or rejects are comminuted to increase their packing density in the furnace in which the subsequent heat treatment is carried out, and to improve material transport in the furnace.
- the waste parts and / or rejects in process step a) are comminuted into particles having a length of 0.1 to 400 mm.
- the waste parts and / or rejects are comminuted in the method step a) to particles with a length of 5 to 15 mm.
- the dimensions of the particles are to be selected such that after step b) of the process according to the invention, namely the carbonation in the presence of oxygen, a length of 5 to 15 mm, a width of 5 to 15 mm and a thickness of up to 3 mm, more preferably a thickness of 0.1 to 2.5 mm and even more preferably a thickness of 0.5 to 1, 5 mm.
- the thickness of the particles is of course in connection with the preferred selection of the starting materials described above (thickness of at most 3 mm).
- the particles may shrink more or less in the course of the heat treatment according to the invention (step b). Therefore, the carbonized particles of resin coke-bonded carbon and / or glass fibers need not necessarily have the same dimensions as the comminuted waste parts before the heat treatment. Since the shrinkage of the particles is negligible in most cases, however, the waste particles before carbonization preferably have the same dimensions as intended for the particles obtained after carbonization.
- the particles with dimensions within the ranges mentioned it is also possible for there to be isolated smaller particles which have been formed, for example, due to breakage, and carbon dust. Since the Harzkoks, which holds the fibers together, rather brittle material properties, the proportion of smaller particles and dust in the estate can be increased, for example, by repeated transfer of the material. However, preferably at least 80% by weight, more preferably at least 90% by weight, even more preferably at least 95 wt%, more preferably at least 98 wt%, and most preferably at least 99 wt% of the carbonized particles have the preferred dimensions.
- the carbonized particles comprising carbon fibers and / or glass fibers held together by the remaining resin coke have a number of advantages with the preferred dimensions for any further applications. In particular, they are outstandingly suitable as fillers for a wide variety of applications, which are described below in a non-conclusive manner.
- a surprising advantage is the very good metering ability of the material, which is thus excellent in handling as a bulk material.
- waste parts and / or rejects are preferably comminuted into particles having a length of 200 to 400 mm.
- the secondary carbon and / or glass fibers produced by the process according to the invention can be ground after process step b), for example to a length of less than 1 mm and more preferably to a length of less than 0.1 mm ,
- Crushing devices are used, such as shredders, granulators, impact mills and hammer mills.
- the secondary carbon and / or glass fibers obtained in process step b) can be treated with a size.
- the size does not have the task of making the secondary carbon fibers and / or glass fibers meterable, but in this embodiment this is intended to chemically and / or physically modify the fiber surface partially exposed in the recycling process, for example in the subsequent production of composites of the secondary carbon and / or glass fibers of the present invention and a matrix material to adjust the desired degree of attachment between these secondary carbon and / or glass fibers and the matrix material.
- epoxy resins and their derivatives epoxyesters, epoxy ethers, epoxyurethanes, polyurethane esters, polyurethane ethers, isocyanates, polyimides, polyamides and any mixtures of two or more of the above compounds.
- the actual choice of sizing material will depend on the material of the fibers, the material of the matrix and the desired strength of the bond, and will follow the same criteria as those used in the selection of a sizing for primary, ie newly made, fibers.
- the size can be used, for example, in the form of an aqueous or nonaqueous solution or emulsion, wherein the application of the size to the fibers according to the invention can be effected by known processes for the coating of short fibers, for example in a dipping process.
- the secondary carbon fibers and / or glass fibers are particles bound with resin coke, each having a length and width of 5 to 15 mm and a thickness of up to 3 mm, preferably a thickness of 0.1 to 2, 5 mm and more preferably a thickness of 0.5 to 1.5 mm.
- a preferred subject of the present invention therefore are particles comprising secondary carbon and / or glass fibers bound with resin coke, wherein at least 80% by weight of the particles have a length of 5 to 15 mm, a width of 5 to 15 mm and a Have thickness of up to 3 mm, and wherein the particles based on their total weight 3 to 30 wt .-% resin coke.
- the preferred ranges mentioned above for the proportion of Harzkoks and for the dimensions of the particles of course, also applicable to this subject.
- all features of the invention which are mentioned in connection with the inventive method, also basically applicable to this subject of the invention, except that this is logically excluded.
- These fibers may be used, for example, to make carbon fiber reinforced plastic, glass fiber reinforced plastic, carbon fiber reinforced carbon such as carbon fiber reinforced graphite, or carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide.
- carbon fiber-reinforced carbons can be used, for example, for the production of furnace linings, charging racks, heating elements, brake disks and in the aerospace industry and such carbon fiber-reinforced graphite can be used for example for the production of blast furnace blocks, cathodes or graphite nipples.
- the present invention relates to carbon fiber reinforced plastic, glass fiber reinforced plastic, carbon fiber reinforced carbon or carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide, which is available from the above-described carbon and / or glass fibers.
- Waste parts made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic embedded in an epoxy matrix continuous carbon fibers with a fiber content of 60 vol .-% were comminuted in a shredder to particles with a width of 20 mm and in a cutting mill with a round hole screen with hole diameter 10 mm to an average particle size of 7 mm ground. Subsequently, the thus crushed particles were subjected to heat treatment in a rotary kiln under the following conditions:
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Abstract
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE201210210646 DE102012210646A1 (de) | 2012-06-22 | 2012-06-22 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von sekundären Carbon- und/oder Glasfasern |
PCT/EP2013/063156 WO2013190145A1 (fr) | 2012-06-22 | 2013-06-24 | Procédé de production de fibres de carbone et/ou de verre secondaires |
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EP2864061A1 true EP2864061A1 (fr) | 2015-04-29 |
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EP13732882.9A Withdrawn EP2864061A1 (fr) | 2012-06-22 | 2013-06-24 | Procédé de production de fibres de carbone et/ou de verre secondaires |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP2864061A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE102012210646A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2013190145A1 (fr) |
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DE102014225604B4 (de) * | 2014-12-11 | 2018-02-15 | Sgl Carbon Se | Recyclingverfahren von Carbonfasern und carbonfaserverstärkten Kunststoffen |
JP2017082036A (ja) * | 2015-10-23 | 2017-05-18 | カーボンファイバーリサイクル工業株式会社 | 再生炭素繊維の製造装置および製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (6)
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JP3180463B2 (ja) * | 1992-09-21 | 2001-06-25 | 東レ株式会社 | 炭素繊維強化プラスチックの処理方法 |
DE4325775C2 (de) * | 1993-07-31 | 2002-06-20 | Sgl Carbon Ag | Verfahren zum Wiederverwerten von kohlenstoffaserhaltigen Verbundwerkstoffen |
DE10312370B4 (de) * | 2003-03-20 | 2005-09-15 | Sgl Carbon Ag | Verbindungsstücke für Elektroden aus Kohlenstoff-Werkstoffen |
JP2005307121A (ja) * | 2004-04-26 | 2005-11-04 | Toho Tenax Co Ltd | 再生炭素繊維及びその回収方法 |
DE102008002846B4 (de) | 2008-05-08 | 2010-02-18 | Cfk Valley Stade Recycling Gmbh & Co. Kg | Abfallaufbereitungsverfahren und Anordnung dazu |
DE102010001787A1 (de) * | 2010-02-10 | 2011-08-11 | Sgl Carbon Se, 65203 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Formteils aus einem Kohlenstoffwerkstoff unter Verwendung von wiederverwerteten Carbonfasern |
-
2012
- 2012-06-22 DE DE201210210646 patent/DE102012210646A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2013
- 2013-06-24 WO PCT/EP2013/063156 patent/WO2013190145A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2013-06-24 EP EP13732882.9A patent/EP2864061A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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See references of WO2013190145A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2013190145A1 (fr) | 2013-12-27 |
DE102012210646A1 (de) | 2013-12-24 |
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