EP2857750A1 - Feuerfester Formziegel - Google Patents

Feuerfester Formziegel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2857750A1
EP2857750A1 EP14186916.4A EP14186916A EP2857750A1 EP 2857750 A1 EP2857750 A1 EP 2857750A1 EP 14186916 A EP14186916 A EP 14186916A EP 2857750 A1 EP2857750 A1 EP 2857750A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
face
brick
cold
width
length
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14186916.4A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2857750B1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Michel BROSSARD
Gonzague RAMÉ
Pierre-André HAASSER
Nicolas Tarin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HAASSER PRODUITS REFRACTAIRES
Veolia Proprete SAS
Original Assignee
Haasser Produits Refractaires (societe A Responsabilite Limitee) Ets
Veolia Proprete SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Haasser Produits Refractaires (societe A Responsabilite Limitee) Ets, Veolia Proprete SAS filed Critical Haasser Produits Refractaires (societe A Responsabilite Limitee) Ets
Priority to PL14186916T priority Critical patent/PL2857750T3/pl
Publication of EP2857750A1 publication Critical patent/EP2857750A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2857750B1 publication Critical patent/EP2857750B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/02—Casings; Linings; Walls characterised by the shape of the bricks or blocks used
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
    • F22B37/107—Protection of water tubes
    • F22B37/108—Protection of water tube walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion chambers
    • F23M2900/05002—Means for accommodate thermal expansion of the wall liner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion chambers
    • F23M2900/05004—Special materials for walls or lining

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of refractory bricks, also called tiles or shaped parts, for combustion chamber wall.
  • Combustion chamber means indistinctly an oven or boiler. Concisely, we will describe here only the example of bricks for boiler.
  • the aim here is the bricks for static combustion chamber, in which the bricks are subjected to both a reversible thermal deformation at the temperatures of use, and to a non-reversible chemical deformation.
  • a boiler comprises a combustion chamber. At least one wall of the combustion chamber is equipped with an assembly of at least one tube.
  • the combustion is carried out in the combustion chamber and a fluid flows inside the set of tubes.
  • the heat of combustion is transmitted through the tubes to the coolant circulating there.
  • the fluid makes it possible to value the heat energy transferred typically in the form of heat and / or electricity.
  • combustion generally generates corrosive fumes that degrade the tubes, the corrosion being a function of the fuel used, the flue gas temperature and the temperature of the tubes.
  • Bricks are therefore on the one hand thermal conductors that transfer heat from a combustion made in a boiler combustion chamber to a set of tubes in which a fluid transits; and secondly they exert a protective function of said tubes against corrosion generated by combustion fumes.
  • the bricks are affixed next to each other and fixed to the boiler tube wall by means of metal fastening systems in which the bricks equipped with blind housing are inserted.
  • metal fastening systems in which the bricks equipped with blind housing are inserted.
  • fastening systems associated with blind housing of corresponding design.
  • a seal is affixed around each brick to connect two adjacent bricks together, so as to form a sealed wall impervious to the passage of combustion fumes to the boiler tubes.
  • the bricks are subjected to high temperatures (typically 1200 ° C. to 950 ° C. in flue gas temperature) and to aggressive atmospheres, for example based on alkalis, sulfur or chlorine, typically during heating. incineration of certain wastes or biomass.
  • high temperatures typically 1200 ° C. to 950 ° C. in flue gas temperature
  • aggressive atmospheres for example based on alkalis, sulfur or chlorine, typically during heating. incineration of certain wastes or biomass.
  • the present invention aims to overcome these disadvantages by proposing, according to a first of its objects, a refractory brick (100, 200) for static combustion chamber wall subjected to corrosive atmospheres, the brick comprising a hot face (HF ) having a width (W_h) and a length (L_h) and intended to be exposed to combustion fumes; and comprising a cold face (CF), opposite to the hot face (HF), having a width (W_c) and a length (L_c), and intended to be near or in contact with at least one tube intended for the flow of a fluid, the cold face (CF) being equipped with a blind housing (103, 203) for fixing the brick to a device for fixing the wall.
  • a refractory brick 100, 200 for static combustion chamber wall subjected to corrosive atmospheres
  • the brick comprising a hot face (HF ) having a width (W_h) and a length (L_h) and intended to be exposed to combustion fumes; and comprising
  • the brick in a first embodiment, can be part of a solid having as bases two equal and parallel polygons, the sides of which are united by polygons, in particular of which at least two opposite sides are inscribed. each in an isosceles trapezoid.
  • the brick in a second embodiment, can be part of a prism, that is to say a solid based on two equal and parallel polygons, whose sides are united by parallelograms.
  • the bricks according to the invention have at least one plane of symmetry passing through the center thereof.
  • a cross section (perpendicular to the plane of the hot face and the plane of the cold face) of the brick according to the invention is in a trapezium, in particular isosceles.
  • the brick comprises a material based on silicon carbide.
  • the bricks are of oxide-bonded silicon carbide.
  • the bricks are nitride-bonded silicon carbide or oxy-nitride.
  • the cold face (CF) has at least one recess (102, 202) configured to conform to the shape of said at least one tube.
  • the depth (D_p) of the brick at its periphery is less than or equal to the depth (D_h) of the brick in its heart.
  • the hot face (HF) is substantially flat.
  • the plane in which at least part of the cold face (CF) is inscribed is parallel to the hot face (HF).
  • At least two opposite side faces have a bevel angle ⁇ .
  • the invention relates to a furnace or a static combustion chamber capable of being subjected to corrosive atmospheres which may comprise a plurality of refractory bricks (100, 200) according to the invention.
  • the furnace or combustion chamber comprises a set of identical refractory bricks.
  • the present invention makes it possible to produce a form of brick that makes it possible to anticipate irreversible deformations of chemical origin of the latter during its use, by providing inclinations and withdrawals of material at the places known to undergo the strongest deformations. and which, in their absence, would generate by these deformations additional mechanical stresses on the adjacent bricks, and which could further refer to the fastening system.
  • the refractory bricks according to the invention find particular utility in a furnace or a static combustion chamber, typically a boiler. They are therefore intended for this use, indistinctly suitable for this use or are configured for this use.
  • a first embodiment of firebrick is illustrated in figure 1 to 3 described below.
  • a second embodiment of firebrick is illustrated in figure 4 to 6 described below.
  • the brick is intended to cover a combustion chamber wall.
  • the combustion chamber comprises an assembly of at least one tube for the flow of a coolant.
  • the combustion chamber also includes a fastening system comprising a set of individual fasteners, each individual device being configured to hang an individual brick.
  • An individual brick is intended to be near or in contact with at least one tube.
  • the brick has a hot face HF and a cold face CF.
  • the hot face HF is intended to be exposed to combustion fumes from the combustion chamber.
  • the cold face CF is intended to be near or in contact with at least one tube; it is also equipped with a blind housing for fixing the brick to an individual fixing device.
  • the hot face is flat or has a large radius of curvature, which simplifies their manufacture, the cleaning of the combustion chamber and limits the risk of corrosion by channeling fumes better.
  • the brick fits for example in a polyhedron.
  • the bricks are intended to be affixed to each other, they advantageously have, at least in cross section, a shape that fits in a rectangle.
  • the hot face HF has a width W_h and a length L_h.
  • the cold face CF is opposite to the hot face and has a width W_c and a length L_c.
  • the incineration of waste or the combustion of biomass produces chemical species that penetrate the bricks and generates chemical reactions within them which can cause them to swell by thermal expansion coupled with chemical reactions.
  • the cold face there is no deformation or deformation is negligible compared to that of the hot face.
  • the cold face may have at least one recess configured to conform to the shape of at least one tube, this recess is not deformed.
  • the bricks initially have a shape in a rectangular parallelepiped. After deformation, it has been observed that they have a shape curved (oval) in hot face in the direction of the length and width of the brick.
  • the present invention aims to solve this problem of bricks capable of deforming by cleverly modifying the shape of existing bricks, so as to anticipate the possible deformation they could undergo.
  • the bricks being subjected to a temperature gradient between the face exposed to the fumes and the face in contact with the wall of a boiler tube, a thermal expansion gradient is created within the brick, and this is then subject to a reversible deformation.
  • the temperature gradient then acts as a driving force for the penetration of these chemical species, which then fill the porosities and react with the materials of the brick, thus forming new metallurgical phases (by allotropic transformation) whose molar volume can be more important than that of the initial phases.
  • the chemical deformation ( ⁇ L_chemical) is then a function of the progress of chemical reactions of oxidation of the material of the brick or the formation of new expansive phases.
  • the elastic ⁇ _L_elastic deformation can be neglected, and on the other hand, the large dimensional variations in the hot face generate high stresses within the brick and are partly accommodated by a deformation in front of the brick. cold.
  • the width W_h of the hot face HF is less than the width W_c of the cold face CF.
  • the length L_h of the hot face is less than the length L_c of the cold face.
  • the deformation is essentially in the hot face and in the plane thereof, the dimensions of the hot face lower than those of the cold face, in case of expansion of the hot face, to limit the risk of stall.
  • the value of the difference between the width W_h of the hot face and the width W_c of the cold face is greater than or equal to the value of the deformation of the hot face in the direction of said width in the conditions of use of said brick.
  • the value of the difference between the length L_h of the hot face and the length L_c of the cold face is greater than or equal to the value of the deformation of the hot face in the direction of said length in the conditions of use of said brick.
  • the width W_h_f of the hot face HF after deformation is at most equal to the width W_c of the cold face CF; and the length L_h_f of the hot face after deformation is at most equal to the length L_c of the cold face.
  • the brick after deformation fits in a rectangular parallelepiped and the deformation of a brick does not exert stress on an adjacent brick, but only on the joint which connects them.
  • figure 9 is illustrated a longitudinal section of two adjacent bricks according to a first embodiment described later, identical to each other, under conditions of normal use, before possible deformation.
  • a first brick 100a is attached to a first individual fastener 1000a, and a second brick 100b is attached to a second individual fastener 1000b.
  • the initial distance D_CFi separating the two cold faces CF is smaller than the initial distance D_HFi separating the two hot faces HF.
  • the free space E initially reserved on the cold face CF between the brick and the tubular wall TUB makes it possible to accommodate the deformation of the tile in the hot face HF by limiting the support on the wall and therefore the constraints on the fastening system.
  • this free space E can disappear and the cold face can then be in contact but without constraint with the wall.
  • the final distance D_HFf (not shown) separating the two hot faces HF, is comparable in size to the initial distance D_CFi separating the two cold faces CF, since it is almost invariable.
  • a way of illustrating the invention consists for example in considering that at least two opposite lateral faces have a bevel angle ⁇ .
  • the lateral faces are inclined at an angle ⁇ ranging for example from 0 to 20 °, which increases the initial space between two hot faces of two adjacent bricks and delay or avoid the brick-brick contacts during deformation.
  • the hot face before possible deformation is flat and parallel to the tubes TUB.
  • the angle ⁇ can be determined with reference to a plane P perpendicular to the plane of the hot face.
  • the deformation evoked in the direction of the length and in the direction of the width of a brick can induce a deformation in the direction of the depth and lead to generate constraints by support between the brick CF and the tubes.
  • the depth of the brick D_p at its periphery is less than or equal to the depth D_h of the brick in its heart.
  • D_c at least in cross-section
  • depth D_h of the brick in its heart we mean the maximum thickness of the brick, regardless of the thickness of the blind housing.
  • the brick feet that is to say the depth of the brick D_p at its periphery, are shorter than the maximum height of the brick between the tubes so as to compensate for the horizontal cleavage generated by the swelling of the brick. hot face.
  • a first embodiment of brick is illustrated on the Figures 1 to 3 , in which the brick is inscribed in a polyhedron which is a rectangular parallelepiped.
  • this brick is configured to be arranged against vertical pipes.
  • the figure 1 is a cross section of the brick shown in figure 2
  • the figure 3 is a longitudinal section of the brick illustrated in figure 2 .
  • the figure 3 illustrates, in top view, the lower face DW or the upper face UP of the brick 100, equipped with a groove 101 for a joint between adjacent bricks.
  • the brick 100 has a longitudinal plane of symmetry (AA section of the figure 2 ).
  • the brick comprises at least one recess 102 configured to conform to the shape of at least one tube, as well as a blind housing 103 for fixing the brick to an individual fixing device (in dashed line on the figure 2 ).
  • the present cold face CF is at least partially in a PP plane.
  • the brick 100 has plane recesses at the periphery which, in longitudinal section ( figure 3 ), are beveled angle ⁇ with respect to the plane PP.
  • the bevels of angle ⁇ are symmetrical.
  • the cold face (rear) in contact with the tubes have two plane inclined at an angle ⁇ , symmetrical on two opposite faces, the value of the angle ⁇ is for example between 0 to 15 °, so as to compensate the vertical cleavage generated by swelling in the hot face and limit the stresses exerted by the shaped part on the exchanger tubes.
  • the upper face UP like the lower face DW, preferably has at least one plane portion whose angle is at least 90 ° relative to a hot face HF plane.
  • the upper face UP and the lower face DW both have a flat part (not referenced) substantially perpendicular to the hot face HF and the cold face CF, a grouting groove 101 and a flat part whose angle is greater than 90 ° with respect to the hot face HF, so as to create an angle bevel ⁇ .
  • the bevel angle ⁇ illustrated in cross section ( figure 1 ) is the same as the angle bevel ⁇ shown in longitudinal section ( figure 3 ). It is assumed that the deformation of the brick is the same in the direction of the length and in the direction of the width (with equal thickness).
  • the brick comprises a first plane of symmetry: the plane cut AA of the figure 2 .
  • the brick Excluding the blind housing 103, the brick includes a second plane of symmetry: the plane cuts BB of the figure 2 .
  • a second embodiment of brick is illustrated on the Figures 4 to 6 , in which the brick is inscribed in a polyhedron which is a non-rectangular parallelepiped, in this case a non-right prism.
  • this brick 200 is configured to be disposed against vertical pipes.
  • the brick 200 has a longitudinal plane of symmetry (AA section of the figure 5 ).
  • the brick comprises at least one recess 202 configured to conform to the shape of at least one tube, as well as a blind housing 203 for securing the brick to an individual fixture (dashed on the figure 5 ).
  • the present cold face CF is at least partially in a PP plane.
  • Brick 200 has peripheral recesses which, in longitudinal section ( figure 6 ), are beveled angle ⁇ with respect to the plane PP.
  • the periphery of the brick 200 is defined for example as between the end thereof and the point of inflection between the angle bevel ⁇ with respect to the plane PP and the upper face UP (see figure 6 ).
  • the seal groove 201 has two 45 ° struts which facilitates demolding of the brick during its manufacture.
  • the brick comprises a plane of symmetry: the plane cut AA of the figure 5 .
  • At least a portion of the cold face CF is in a plane, which facilitates for example the manufacture of bricks.
  • the plane in which at least part of the cold face is part is parallel to the hot face, which facilitates for example the manufacture and transport of bricks.
  • the invention is not limited to the previously described embodiments.
  • provision may be made to use silicon carbide bricks with a nitride or oxy-nitride bond; knowing that these deform less than those with oxide bond.
  • the hot face has a relief, for example corrugations (in cross-section) or a shape that conforms to the shape of at least one tube in the cold face and in the hot face, so that the thickness of the brick is substantially constant (regardless of the thickness of the blind housing).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
EP14186916.4A 2013-10-04 2014-09-29 Feuerfester Formziegel Active EP2857750B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL14186916T PL2857750T3 (pl) 2013-10-04 2014-09-29 Cegła ogniotrwała o dostosowanym kształcie

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1359673A FR3011618B1 (fr) 2013-10-04 2013-10-04 Brique refractaire de forme

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2857750A1 true EP2857750A1 (de) 2015-04-08
EP2857750B1 EP2857750B1 (de) 2019-04-03

Family

ID=49949852

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14186916.4A Active EP2857750B1 (de) 2013-10-04 2014-09-29 Feuerfester Formziegel

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2857750B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2725602T3 (de)
FR (1) FR3011618B1 (de)
PL (1) PL2857750T3 (de)
PT (1) PT2857750T (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112201918A (zh) * 2020-11-10 2021-01-08 中国电子科技集团公司第二十研究所 一种用于有源相控阵雷达天线阵面的液冷冷板

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0281863A1 (de) * 1987-02-27 1988-09-14 STEIN INDUSTRIE Société Anonyme dite: Schutzvorrichtung für Heizkesselwände, insbesondere für Abfallverbrennungsöfen sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung dieser Vorrichtung
US20100180806A1 (en) 2009-01-22 2010-07-22 General Electric Company Refractory Brick and Tapered Mortar Joint

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4453352A (en) * 1982-08-18 1984-06-12 Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation Refractory brick with expansion allowance
DE102009039390A1 (de) * 2009-08-31 2011-03-03 Saint-Gobain Industriekeramik Düsseldorf Gmbh Korrosionsschutzkörper

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0281863A1 (de) * 1987-02-27 1988-09-14 STEIN INDUSTRIE Société Anonyme dite: Schutzvorrichtung für Heizkesselwände, insbesondere für Abfallverbrennungsöfen sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung dieser Vorrichtung
US20100180806A1 (en) 2009-01-22 2010-07-22 General Electric Company Refractory Brick and Tapered Mortar Joint

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112201918A (zh) * 2020-11-10 2021-01-08 中国电子科技集团公司第二十研究所 一种用于有源相控阵雷达天线阵面的液冷冷板

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PT2857750T (pt) 2019-05-30
ES2725602T3 (es) 2019-09-25
FR3011618A1 (fr) 2015-04-10
PL2857750T3 (pl) 2019-09-30
FR3011618B1 (fr) 2015-10-23
EP2857750B1 (de) 2019-04-03

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