EP2856562B1 - Système de raccordement électrique - Google Patents

Système de raccordement électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2856562B1
EP2856562B1 EP13718549.2A EP13718549A EP2856562B1 EP 2856562 B1 EP2856562 B1 EP 2856562B1 EP 13718549 A EP13718549 A EP 13718549A EP 2856562 B1 EP2856562 B1 EP 2856562B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cable
connection system
electrical connection
protrusion
longitudinal axis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP13718549.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2856562A1 (fr
Inventor
Jens Schumacher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Auto Kabel Management GmbH
Original Assignee
Auto Kabel Management GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Auto Kabel Management GmbH filed Critical Auto Kabel Management GmbH
Publication of EP2856562A1 publication Critical patent/EP2856562A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2856562B1 publication Critical patent/EP2856562B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/28—Clamped connections, spring connections
    • H01R4/30—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a screw or nut clamping member
    • H01R4/34—Conductive members located under head of screw
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R11/00—Individual connecting elements providing two or more spaced connecting locations for conductive members which are, or may be, thereby interconnected, e.g. end pieces for wires or cables supported by the wire or cable and having means for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal, or conductive member, blocks of binding posts
    • H01R11/11—End pieces or tapping pieces for wires, supported by the wire and for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal or conductive member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/02—Contact members
    • H01R13/26—Pin or blade contacts for sliding co-operation on one side only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R2101/00—One pole

Definitions

  • the subject matter relates to an electrical connection system, in particular a ground cable with two interconnecting connectors.
  • connection of underground cables is known per se. Especially in the area of the medium voltage level, the laying of underground cables is nowadays preferred.
  • the problem here is, however, that at the junctions of the cable earthworks are necessary. Ditches are to be excavated and then the cables are to be connected together. Since the exact connection point is not known, pits of different lengths are to dig, which makes the laying of underground cables consuming and expensive.
  • the US 2010/0105233 A1 shows a submarine cable.
  • a bolt is inserted into a sleeve.
  • the bolt is slotted so that a better connection between the bolt and sleeve is formed.
  • the contact surface is defined in this arrangement by the circumference of the bolt and the insertion depth and may possibly be too small.
  • the object of the object to provide an electrical connection system, which allows a particularly simple laying especially in the field of underground cables.
  • the connectors have connection surfaces on the sides facing the respective cables.
  • the cables can preferably be arranged cohesively.
  • the cables can be welded to the connection surfaces.
  • friction welding as will be shown below.
  • resistance welding methods are also suitable for making connections between the front ends of the cables and the connecting pieces or connecting surfaces of the connecting pieces.
  • the first connector extends toward a pad for one end of the first cable. In this extension direction, the first connector forms a longitudinal axis.
  • the second connector extends toward a second pad for one end of the second cable. In this extension direction, the second connector also forms a longitudinal axis.
  • the first connector has a receptacle for receiving a projection.
  • the projection is formed on the second connector.
  • By telescoping the projection into the receptacle it is possible to produce an electrically conductive connection between the two connecting pieces and thus between the cables arranged on the connecting pieces.
  • a friction welding of the connector to a cable end allows a small-sized connection.
  • the diameter of the connection between connector and Cable is approximately equivalent to the diameter of the cable itself.
  • the entire connection thus preferably has a same or smaller diameter than the cable to be connected or is minimal (eg 10%) larger.
  • the line ends can be particularly easily connected by means of the subject connection system when the receptacle extends parallel to the first longitudinal axis and the projection parallel to the second Lssensache.
  • the projection may then be displaced in the receptacle parallel to the first longitudinal axis (axially to the longitudinal axis), so that telescoping in the direction of the longitudinal axes between the receptacle and projection is possible.
  • the so nested connectors form by recording and projection a large contact surface.
  • the contact surface formed between the projection and the receptacle is regularly larger than the cross-sectional area of a single cable. This minimizes the contact resistance between the connectors.
  • connection system so interconnected cables can be laid in the ground, without having to dug shafts. A horizontal installation by drilling or pushing the cable is possible with the help of the objective connection system.
  • the receptacle is a groove running parallel to the longitudinal axis.
  • a groove preferably has two groove walls and a groove bottom. The Sum of the surfaces of the two groove walls and the groove bottom is greater than the cross-sectional area of the cable.
  • the projection is a parallel to the second longitudinal axis extending web.
  • the web preferably corresponds to the groove.
  • the area of the web walls is greater than the cross-sectional area of the cable. The web can be inserted into the groove, which is possible by a movement of the web parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cable.
  • a particularly low contact resistance between the projection and the receptacle is possible if the cross section of the projection is substantially complementary to the cross section of the receptacle. In this case, the projection nestles particularly well in the recording. This leads to a large contact surface between projection and receptacle, resulting in a low contact resistance.
  • the insertion of the projection into the receptacle is particularly easy if the receptacle is V-shaped, bulky or C-shaped.
  • the cross section of the connecting piece in particular in the region of the projection, can then be correspondingly complementary thereto.
  • the cross section of the second connecting piece in particular in the region of the projection, is T-shaped or L-shaped.
  • an axis of the connecting piece serve as a web for the projection and in to intervene.
  • the inclusion has a complementary cross-section.
  • the two interconnected connectors allow a low contact resistance through a large contact surface.
  • a mechanical securing of the connecting pieces to each other is necessary in order to prevent detachment of the projection from the receptacle.
  • a torque which acts on one of the connecting pieces can cause the projection is pressed out of the receptacle.
  • the projection is secured in the receptacle by a securing element.
  • This securing element can pierce a groove base according to an embodiment and be attached to the projection or pierce the projection and be secured in the groove bottom. Depending on the positional relationship between the projection and the receptacle, it may be useful either to push the securing element through the groove base and to secure it with the projection or vice versa.
  • the securing element is a screw, in particular a tear-off screw or a screw fastened with a defined torque.
  • a tear-off screw or a screw fastened with a defined torque is advantageous in that it prevents the screw from being tightened with torque is so large that the thread shears off.
  • the use of a torque wrench is also advantageous because it ensures that the projection is arranged with a defined tightening torque in the receptacle. It has been shown that the contact pressure between projection and recording must be in a defined range in order to produce a sufficiently good contact resistance.
  • the length of the recording is selected depending on the current carrying capacity of the connection. In the medium voltage range, there are different requirements for current carrying capacity for cables.
  • the connection area between the receptacle and the projection is selected.
  • the size of the connection surface is inter alia also dependent on the length of the receptacle in which the projection is inserted.
  • the receptacle and projection have approximately the same length.
  • At least one connecting piece has a connection surface and that the connecting surface can be connected in a material-locking manner to the cable.
  • the cable or the front end of the cable is preferably welded to the connection surfaces by means of a butt welding process, in particular a friction welding process.
  • the cohesive connection minimizes the contact resistance between the connection surface and the cable.
  • the connectors are also made of aluminum. This has the advantage that no contact resistances or contact corrosion occur at the junctions between the cables and the connecting pieces.
  • the surface of the connectors be tinned. It is also possible that the surface is first nickel-plated and then tinned. The nickel plating achieves a durable coating and tin plating allows low contact resistance to be achieved.
  • a stripped cable end be disposed in a sleeve.
  • the sleeve may be pressed around the cable ends so that the individual strands or wires of the stripped cable are firmly pressed.
  • the front end of the sleeve can be cut off or überfrässt so that the cable ends terminate at the front ends of the sleeve and are free of alumina.
  • the connecting piece which may have an end face facing the cable end, can be welded to the sleeve and the cable end along the end face.
  • a friction welding in particular a rotary friction welding can be applied.
  • an ultrasonic welding or a Resistance welding is used to weld the connectors to the sleeve and cable ends.
  • the sleeve is formed of aluminum.
  • the sleeve can also be tinned and / or nickel-plated, as described above.
  • a particularly high electrical conductivity is achieved when using aluminum cables, if they have a high purity.
  • the use of Al 99.5 has proved to be advantageous.
  • the use of higher or lower grade aluminum is possible.
  • the pad has a diameter that is less than or equal to the cable diameter.
  • the connecting piece preferably has a diameter which is smaller than or equal to the diameter of the cable. This is particularly advantageous if the cable is to be laid in the ground and preferably to be propelled by pushing.
  • the compound which preferably has a diameter corresponding to the cable diameter, a maximum of 10% is greater or less, it is ensured that even the junction can be installed in the ground. The digging of a trench is avoided.
  • the support sleeve is shorter than the stripped end of the cable to a distance to a cable insulation at the stripped end of the cable Cable is arranged.
  • a free space in which a clamping element can engage With the help of this clamping element, it is possible to exert a force in the direction of the connection between recording and projection.
  • an insulating sleeve is preferably placed around the connecting pieces.
  • the connecting pieces in order to allow the insulating sleeve to absorb tensile forces in the longitudinal direction, this must be applied to the connecting pieces.
  • the connecting pieces according to an embodiment in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis extending, at least partially around the connecting pieces circumferential flanges. Ring shoulders of insulating sleeves can rest against these flanges.
  • the flanges may also be formed by a space formed between the support sleeves and the insulation of the cables.
  • the insulating sleeve prevents environmental influences from acting on the electrical connection at the connecting pieces.
  • the insulating sleeve may be configured to seal the electrical connection to the connectors so that moisture can not reach the electrical connection.
  • the insulation sleeve bears moisture-tight on the insulation of the cable in the region of the cable end. This can be realized for example by the use of an O-ring.
  • a shrink tube is shrunk around the insulation sleeve and is shrunk to the insulation of the cable.
  • an insulating sleeve acts on the flanges and holds the connecting pieces in the longitudinal direction against each other.
  • the insulating sleeve is in two parts, wherein a first part is arranged on the flange of the first connector and a second part is arranged on the flange of the second connector and wherein the parts are captive mechanically connected to one another, such that in Connected state a force exerted by the parts on the connecting pieces parallel to the longitudinal axis force pushes the connecting pieces in the longitudinal axis towards each other. This creates a further strain relief in the longitudinal direction.
  • the parts of the insulating sleeve can be screwed together, for example, or are formed as a bayonet closure, so that one part locked in the other part.
  • a groove nut for receiving a hook key is arranged on at least one part, wherein by means of the groove nut, the first part with the second part is screwed.
  • FIG. 1 shows a connection system 2 with two connecting pieces 4, 6 which are arranged with connecting surfaces 4a, 6a at the front ends of cables 8, 10 cohesively.
  • connecting pieces 4, 6 Like in the FIG. 2 can be seen extending the connecting pieces 4, 6 along a respective longitudinal axis 12, 14 of the respective cable 8, 10.
  • the connecting pieces 4, 6 preferably extend parallel to the longitudinal axes 12, 14th
  • the connecting pieces 4, 6 extend into a receptacle 16 or a projection 18.
  • the projection 18 is arranged in the receptacle 16. A conductive connection between the cables 8, 10 or the strands of the cables 8, 10 is ensured via the connecting pieces 4, 6 or the contact surfaces between the projection 18 and receptacle 16.
  • the strands of the cables 8, 10 are exposed in a respectively stripped area 8b, 10b of the cable 8, 10.
  • a support sleeve 20, 22 is pushed over the strands.
  • the support sleeve 20, 22 presses the strands of the cables 8, 10 such that they can be welded to the connecting pieces 4, 6 by means of a butt-welding process.
  • Friction welding methods are particularly suitable for this purpose.
  • rotational friction welding or ultrasonic welding is suitable for connecting between connecting piece 4, 6 and cable 8, 10. Resistance welding methods are also possible.
  • FIG. 1 can also be seen extending the support sleeves 20, 22, starting from the front ends of the cables 8, 10 in the region of the stripped ends 8b, 10b.
  • the support sleeves 20, 22 are shorter than the length of the stripped ends 8b, 10b, so that a gap between the support sleeve 20 and the respective insulation 8a, 10a is formed.
  • an insulating sleeve can be used.
  • the support sleeve 20, 22 can form with this intermediate space a flange of a connecting piece 4, 6, to which the insulating sleeve acts.
  • FIG. 2 shows a view of the connecting pieces 4, 6. It can be seen that the connecting piece 4 extends into the projection 18. In the region of the projection 18, the connecting piece 4 has a T-shaped cross section.
  • the receptacle 16 of the connecting piece 6 extends from the connecting surface 4a and has a V-shaped cross section.
  • the receptacle 16 is formed as a groove, whereas the projection 18 is formed as a web.
  • a displacement along the longitudinal axes 12, 14 allows the nesting of projection 18 in the groove 16.
  • the lateral surfaces of the projection 18 and groove 16 are adjacent to each other, so that a low contact resistance is realized.
  • the connecting pieces 4, 6 are preferably formed of aluminum.
  • the connecting pieces 4, 6 can be nickel-plated and tinned.
  • a fixation of the connecting pieces 4, 6 to each other, in particular the prevention of movement of the connecting pieces 4, 6 parallel to the longitudinal pieces 14, 12 may be realized by a securing element.
  • a securing element Such is in the FIG. 3 shown.
  • connection system 2 additionally secured with a screw 24.
  • the screw 24 connects the projection 18 with the receptacle 16.
  • the screw 24 is inserted through a through hole 26 in the projection 18.
  • a thread 28 is disposed in the groove bottom of the receptacle 16.
  • the screw 24 can be screwed.
  • FIG. 5 shows a connection system 2 according to the FIG. 1 in which, however, the screw 24 is screwed through the receptacle 16 into the projection 18. This can also be seen in section IV.
  • FIG. 6 shows the section of the VI FIG. 5 , It can be seen that the screw 24 is pushed through a through hole 30 and is screwed into a thread 32 in the projection 18.
  • the screw 24 is tightened either with a torque wrench to prevent the threads 28, 32 from shearing off or provided with a tear-off head.
  • the tear-off prevents the screw 24 is screwed with too much torque.
  • 6 care must be taken that the threads 28, 32 at Screwing with the screw 24 should not be sheared off.
  • a defined contact pressure of projection 18 in receptacle 18 must be ensured in order to allow a defined contact resistance.
  • FIG. 7 shows a further embodiment of a connection system 2 according to the FIG. 3 .
  • an insulation sleeve 34 is provided which is designed in two parts. Via a thread 36, the two parts of the insulating sleeve 34 can be screwed together.
  • screwing flanges 38 of the insulating sleeve 34 engage behind the respective support sleeves 20, 22 in the region between the insulation 8a, 10a and the support sleeves 22, 20. Thereby, a force in the direction of the connecting pieces 4, 6 exercisable, so that the connecting pieces 4, 6 in one another be pressed. This prevents disassembly of projection 18 from the receptacle 16th
  • FIG. 8 shows a possible cross section of projection 18 and receptacle 16.
  • the receptacle is V-shaped, and the projection 18 is T-shaped. In this case, however, the projection 18 is formed tapering in the direction of the receptacle 16.
  • FIG. 9 shows another possible cross section, in which the projection 18 is T-shaped and the receptacle 16 I-shaped. Also in the FIG. 9 It can be seen that the outer circumference of projection 18 and receptacle 16 is circular arc-shaped, in particular with a radius which is smaller or approximately equal to the radius of the respective cable 8, 10.
  • FIG. 10 shows a further embodiment in which the projection 18 and the receptacle 16 are each formed in a semi-circular complementary to each other.
  • connection system shown With the help of the connection system shown is in particular possible to lay underground cables, bypassing earth movements. In particular, it is not necessary to dig trenches for the connection of the cables and then make a manual connection. Rather, it is possible to connect the cables in advance with each other and then move into shafts or to drive directly through the soil.

Landscapes

  • Cable Accessories (AREA)
  • Connections Effected By Soldering, Adhesion, Or Permanent Deformation (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Système de raccordement électrique, en particulier d'un câble souterrain, avec
    - une première pièce de raccordement (4) qui peut être raccordée à une extrémité d'un premier câble (8), sachant qu'un axe longitudinal du premier câble (8) détermine un premier axe longitudinal et
    - une deuxième pièce de raccordement (6) qui peut être raccordée à une extrémité d'un deuxième câble (10), sachant qu'un axe longitudinal du deuxième câble (10) détermine un deuxième axe longitudinal,
    - sachant que la première pièce de raccordement (4) est dotée d'un réceptacle (16) pour une saillie (18) de la deuxième pièce de raccordement (6) et que la deuxième pièce de raccordement (6) est dotee de la saillie (18) correspondant au réceptacle (16), et
    - sachant que le réceptacle (16) s'étend parallèlement au premier axe longitudinal,
    - la saillie (18) s'étend parallèlement au deuxième axe longitudinal,
    - la saillie (18) peut être déplacée dans le réceptacle (16), parallèlement au premier axe longitudinal, et
    - une liaison électrique peut être établie dans le réceptacle (16), entre les pièces de raccordement (4, 6) de la saillie (18)
    caractérisé en ce que
    - la saillie (18) est réalisée en forme de patte et que le réceptacle (16) est réalisé en forme de rainure et qu'ils forment, l'un par rapport à l'autre, des surfaces de contact qui sont plus grandes qu'une surface de coupe transversale de l'un des câbles,
    et
    - une liaison conductrice d'électricité est formée entre les câbles (8, 10) par l'intermédiaire des surfaces de contact, entre la saillie (18) et le réceptacle (16).
  2. Système de raccordement électrique selon la revendication précédente,
    caractérisé en ce que la section transversale de la saillie (18) est sensiblement en congruence avec la section transversale de la rainure.
  3. Système de raccordement électrique selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que la rainure est en forme de v ou de u ou de c.
  4. Système de raccordement électrique selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que la section transversale de la deuxième pièce de raccordement (6) est en forme de T ou de L.
  5. Système de raccordement électrique selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que, à l'état raccordé, la saillie (18) est fixée dans la rainure par un élément de sécurité (24).
  6. Système de raccordement électrique selon la revendication 5,
    caractérisé en ce que l'élément de sécurité (24) perce un fond de rainure et est fixé dans la saillie (18) ou que l'élément de sécurité (24) perce la saillie (18) et est fixé dans le fond de la rainure.
  7. Système de raccordement électrique selon revendication 5 ou 6,
    caractérisé en ce que l'élément de sécurité (24) est une vis, en particulier une vis de rupture ou une vis qui est fixée avec un couple de rotation défini.
  8. Système de raccordement électrique selon l'une des revendications 5 à 7,
    caractérisé en ce que la longueur de la rainure est fonction du courant admissible du raccordement.
  9. Système de raccordement électrique selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que l'une des pièces de raccordement (4, 6) au moins est dotée d'une surface de raccordement et que la surface de raccordement peut être reliée au câble par liaison de matières.
  10. Système de raccordement électrique selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que l'une des extrémités du clable est dénudée, qu'un manchon support (20, 22) est agencé sur l'extrémité dénudée du câble (8, 10), que le manchon support (20, 22) du câble (8, 10) est écrasé dans la région de l'extrémité dénudée et qu'une surface de raccordement est reliée à l'extrémité frontale du câble (8, 10) par liaison de matière.
  11. Système de raccordement électrique selon revendication 9 ou 10,
    caractérisé en ce que la surface de raccordement a un diamètre qui est plus petit que celui du câble ou égal à celui-ci.
  12. Système de raccordement électrique selon revendication 10 ou 11,
    caractérisé en ce que le manchon support (20, 22) est plus court que l'extrémité dénudée du câble (8, 10) et est disposé à une distance de l'isolation du câble, à l'extrémité dénudée câble (8, 10).
  13. Système de raccordement électrique selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que les pièces de raccordement (4, 6) sont réalisées en aluminium ou en alliages de celui-ci, et / ou que les manchons supports (20, 22) sont réalisés en aluminium, en cuivre ou en alliage de ceux-ci, et / ou que le câble est réalisé en aluminium, en cuivre ou en alliages de ceux-ci.
  14. Système de raccordement électrique selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que les pièces de raccordement (4, 6) et / ou les manchons supports (20, 22) sont pourvus d'un revêtement métallique, qu'ils sont en particulier nickelés et / ou zingués.
  15. Système de raccordement électrique selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que les pièces de raccordement (4, 6) sont entourées d'un boîtier isolant et / ou que le boîtier isolant est disposé sur des brides des pièces de raccordement (4, 6) ou sur le manchon support (30, 22), en particulier dans la région située entre le manchon support (20, 22) et l'isolation du câble, de sorte que des forces de traction, qui agissent dans la direction de l'axe longitudinal, puissent être reprises par le boîtier.
EP13718549.2A 2012-05-25 2013-04-17 Système de raccordement électrique Not-in-force EP2856562B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012010279A DE102012010279A1 (de) 2012-05-25 2012-05-25 Elektrisches verbindungssystem
PCT/EP2013/058008 WO2013174582A1 (fr) 2012-05-25 2013-04-17 Système de raccordement électrique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2856562A1 EP2856562A1 (fr) 2015-04-08
EP2856562B1 true EP2856562B1 (fr) 2016-03-09

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13718549.2A Not-in-force EP2856562B1 (fr) 2012-05-25 2013-04-17 Système de raccordement électrique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US9203166B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2856562B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN104396089B (fr)
DE (1) DE102012010279A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013174582A1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3340390A1 (fr) 2016-12-21 2018-06-27 Nordex Energy GmbH Connecteur de câble de courant élevé

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CN104396089A (zh) 2015-03-04
US9203166B2 (en) 2015-12-01
EP2856562A1 (fr) 2015-04-08
DE102012010279A1 (de) 2013-11-28
US20150171525A1 (en) 2015-06-18
WO2013174582A1 (fr) 2013-11-28
CN104396089B (zh) 2017-07-18

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