EP2847390B1 - Foundation for machines - Google Patents
Foundation for machines Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2847390B1 EP2847390B1 EP13720840.1A EP13720840A EP2847390B1 EP 2847390 B1 EP2847390 B1 EP 2847390B1 EP 13720840 A EP13720840 A EP 13720840A EP 2847390 B1 EP2847390 B1 EP 2847390B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- anchor
- foundation
- box
- rods
- concrete
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
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Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
- E04B1/41—Connecting devices specially adapted for embedding in concrete or masonry
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
- E02D27/44—Foundations for machines, engines or ordnance
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
- E02D27/50—Anchored foundations
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2200/00—Geometrical or physical properties
- E02D2200/11—Height being adjustable
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2600/00—Miscellaneous
- E02D2600/30—Miscellaneous comprising anchoring details
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a foundation anchoring for the frictional anchoring of a large-scale machine in a concrete foundation
- a foundation anchoring for the frictional anchoring of a large-scale machine in a concrete foundation
- the anchor box having a mounting portion for attachment of the large-scale machine by means of fastening bolts, according to the preamble of Claim 1, as well as a composite of such foundation anchorage with concrete foundation.
- Such a foundation anchorage is from the DE 4 335 485 A basically known.
- the anchoring of large-scale machines in a concrete foundation made available especially for the support and fastening of the machine places high technical demands on the components responsible for the introduction of force into the concrete foundation.
- the foundation anchorage must not only be able to ensure a suitable force introduction and securing during the regular operation of the machine, but also sufficient fastening to ensure the anchoring of the machine even in the event of a fault. Precisely during such an accident mode, due to the unbalance forces occurring in the machine, it is possible to transmit accident loads to the concrete foundation that are at least twice the regular operating loads.
- large-scale machines are to be understood in particular as power plant-technical machines.
- the invention relates to foundation anchors of bearing housings on high-pressure turbines, medium-pressure turbines and low-pressure turbines in a steam turbine power plant.
- individual machine parts may require a corresponding anchoring, such as interception flaps of reheater pipes in industrial steam turbine power plants.
- the large-scale machines are typically fastened by means of specially provided fastening bolts made of high-strength metal in a mounting portion of a foundation anchoring, so that a secure attachment to the concrete foundation can be achieved.
- the respective fastening bolts can, for example, be screwed in a suitable manner with a fastening nut, which is encompassed by the foundation anchoring.
- the load transfer to the foundation anchoring takes place in such a way that the occurring forces are suitably introduced into the concrete foundation.
- a steel structure is sometimes used for anchoring the foundation, which initially introduces the forces which occur on the machine side into two side plates made of structural steel, the two side plates each being connected to two welded transverse members.
- the crossbars are each firmly connected to a number of suitably shaped anchor rods, so that the forces acting on the crossbars forces can be introduced into the anchor rods.
- the anchor rods themselves are frictionally anchored in the concrete foundation, so that the forces are directed into the concrete foundation.
- This patent describes a device for tensile anchoring of columns in concrete foundations.
- the devices according to the invention have an anchor box for connection with, for example, a machine support on which several tie rods are laterally welded. After entering the tie rods in a concrete foundation and stressing the device during operation, the forces are derived from the anchor box on the tie rods along their length extension axis in the concrete foundation.
- a disadvantage of this technical solution is that the devices must be completely prefabricated before incorporation into the concrete foundation. Due to the length and weight of the tie rods, this results in a very large handling and transport costs.
- the so-proposed foundation anchoring should be improved in terms of manufacturing accuracy, handling and transportability. At the same time it should be suitable to transfer operating loads as well as accidental loads of a large-scale machine in a suitable manner to a concrete foundation, without having to fear a failure due to excessive bending stresses. Furthermore, the foundation anchoring is to achieve the most advantageous possible introduction of force, in particular avoiding secondary stresses in the concrete foundation. Likewise, it is desirable to propose a foundation anchor having an advantageous power-to-weight ratio, ie, the ratio of failure-free absorbable load and total weight of the foundation anchor should be advantageous. In addition, the foundation anchoring should allow tolerance compensation during assembly of the large-scale machine on the concrete foundation. This tolerance compensation should allow in particular the compensation of angular errors as well as positional errors.
- a foundation anchoring for frictionally anchoring a large-scale machine in a concrete foundation comprising an anchor box having at least one lateral wall and a number of anchor rods attached to the anchor box, the anchor box having a fastening portion for fastening the large-scale machine by means of fastening bolts, wherein the anchor rods are connected to the at least one lateral wall in such a way that the introduction of force from the at least one wall into the number of anchor rods takes place substantially linearly along the longitudinal extension axis of the anchor rods, wherein the anchor rods are connected to the at least one lateral wall via anchor sleeves.
- the objects underlying the invention are achieved in particular by a composite of such a foundation anchoring for non-positive anchoring a large-scale machine and a concrete foundation, in which the foundation anchoring is embedded, the foundation anchoring is embedded in the concrete foundation that the anchor box at least in large part the anchor rods are completely surrounded by concrete.
- the anchor rods are connected to the at least one lateral wall via anchor sleeves.
- the anchor rods can be bolted to the anchor sleeves.
- an advantageous alignment of the anchor rods can be achieved after connection of anchor rods and anchor sleeves with respect to the anchor box.
- the anchor box can be prefabricated with the anchor sleeves according to the execution of the company, the anchor rods only on site, ie. so be connected when entering the concrete foundation on site with the anchor sleeves. This improves on the one hand the handling effort as well as the transport costs.
- the anchor rods of the foundation anchoring are also connected to the at least one lateral wall in such a way that the introduction of force is transmitted substantially linearly in the plane of the lateral wall, corresponding to the longitudinal expansion direction of the anchor rods. Accordingly, no force deflection is required before the force to be introduced into the concrete foundation can be transferred from the anchor box in the tie rods.
- the forces introduced into the tie rods are transmitted essentially as compressive and tensile forces, wherein disadvantageous bending stresses can be avoided.
- the linear introduction of force under force in the concrete foundation also allows the avoidance of creep, which may arise as a result of load-free biases of the foundation anchoring. Since the concrete foundation is subject to an aging process in the course of its existence, which is typically accompanied by a reduction in the volume expansion, a reduction of a prestress, which has the foundation anchoring in the concrete foundation in the load-free state, can also result. Such a bias is approximately provided when the anchor rods extend through the entire concrete foundation and at the opposite end of the anchor box load-biased and are screwed.
- the composite anchorage foundation and concrete foundation is designed so that the anchor box at least in large parts and the anchor rods are completely surrounded by concrete.
- the anchor rods which are ultimately responsible for the introduction of force into the concrete foundation allow, due to this complete embedding in the concrete, a non-positive introduction of occurring loads. In addition, creep can be avoided because the anchor rods are not subject to bias.
- the anchor box provided by the invention has a fastening section for fastening the large-scale machine by means of fastening bolts.
- the attachment portion is provided in a receptacle of the anchor box. This receptacle can be arranged within the anchor box, and be made accessible through suitable openings.
- the arrangement of the anchor rods on the anchor box is symmetrical to the load axis of the foundation anchoring. Due to the symmetrical arrangement, the partial loads transmitted to the tie rods can be evenly distributed. Next guaranteed Such a symmetrical arrangement avoids overvoltages in the foundation anchoring, so that a generally lower probability of failure results.
- the anchor sleeves are welded to the at least one lateral wall such that a perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of an anchor sleeve connecting line passes through the welds of the anchor sleeve through the center of gravity of the anchor sleeve in cross-section to the longitudinal extent of the anchor sleeve.
- the at least one lateral wall has a recess for receiving an anchor rod or for receiving an anchor sleeve. Due to this recess, the level of force introduction into an anchor rod can be suitably adjusted. If, for example, an anchor rod is inserted into an embodiment recess such that its longitudinal extension axis coincides with the plane of the at least one lateral wall, a particularly suitable transmission of force from the wall to the anchor rod is possible. In particular, the provision of suitably dimensioned recesses can reduce the occurrence of bending stresses in the foundation anchoring.
- the anchor box comprises a top plate, which is fixedly connected to the at least one lateral wall and allows to transmit the force introduced into the fastening portion to the at least one lateral wall. Consequently, the force introduced into the attachment portion can first be transmitted to the top plate, which detects the forces that occur suitably distributed on the at least one lateral wall. Consequently, an advantageous distribution of forces on the at least one lateral wall can be achieved.
- the top plate with the at least one lateral wall via at least one circumferential weld, in particular via a double circumferential weld is firmly connected.
- a circumferential weld in this case relates to a closed weld, such as a circular closed or rectangular formed closed weld.
- the top plate is inserted into a suitably shaped opening of the anchor box, and connected by at least one circumferential weld with the at least one lateral wall of the anchor box.
- the forces acting on the top plate forces can be suitably transmitted to all areas of at least one lateral wall, so that an advantageous distribution of forces on the at least one lateral wall results.
- the formation of a double peripheral weld ensures a particularly firm connection of the top plate and the at least one lateral wall.
- the attachment portion has a dome disc and a dome nut into which the fastening bolt can be screwed for attachment of the large-scale machine.
- the fastening bolt of the large-scale machine is typically guided through a free opening of the spherical disk 35 and screwed into a suitably dimensioned mating thread in the cap nut.
- the forces transmitted by the fastening bolt are transmitted to the cap nut and subsequently to the cap washer.
- the calotte disc in turn transfers these forces to the anchor box in which it is accommodated. Due to the provision of a dome nut with a separate dome disc, an angular error can be compensated advantageous be, for example, by both against each other are hired.
- the dome nut when a fastening bolt of the large-scale machine has been fastened in the fastening section, the dome nut is in press contact with the dome disk and again this dome disk is in press contact with the head plate.
- the power transmission is therefore first on the calotte nut, from this on the calotte disc and this in turn on the top plate.
- the dome disk in the anchor box presses against the top plate from the inside, so that it acts on the at least one lateral wall of the anchor box with a tensile force pointing away from the concrete foundation.
- the dome nut has a raised centering portion, which engages in a recess in the dome disc such that both can be made angular contact with each other in press contact. Consequently, a press contact can be formed even at an angular position of the cap nut against the calotte disc, which ensures the transfer of forces from the calotte nut on the calotte disc.
- the angular adjustment can be compensated for about angle errors that result when about the fastening bolt can be inserted and fixed in the mounting portion only at a predetermined angle. At the same time angle tolerances can be compensated, which has the fastening bolts in the large-scale machine.
- the dome disc and the dome nut are received by the anchor box and against the at least one lateral wall of the anchor box perpendicular to this slidably, in particular displaceable by at least 20 mm, preferably by at least 25 mm. Accordingly, according to the execution have the dome disc as well as the dome nut in the anchor box are recorded, a lateral game to compensate for a Verschubmount by a displacement perpendicular to the at least one lateral wall can. According to the embodiment, this misalignment can be 20 mm or even 25 mm. This also manufacturing tolerances can be compensated, which has the bolt assembly on the large-scale machine.
- the top plate may have an opening whose diameter allows such a displacement of the fastening bolt of the large-scale machine.
- the diameter of the opening encompassed by the top plate must be made relatively larger in accordance with a predetermined displacement than the diameter of the fastening bolt itself.
- the anchor box has a plurality of lateral walls, in particular four lateral walls, which are welded together, in particular via welded fillet welds are interconnected.
- the anchor box can thus be made of flat-shaped plates, which can be connected together in an easy-to-carry out welding.
- the plurality of lateral walls can also be made of structural steel plates, so that the production process can be carried out inexpensively and by means of industry-standard methods.
- a welding of the plurality of side walls by means of welded fillet welds on the one hand ensures a particularly firm connection of the components, on the other hand locally formed eccentricities can be avoided again.
- the anchor rods have thread ribs over at least part of their longitudinal extension, preferably over the entire length of their longitudinal extent.
- these threaded ribs allow an advantageous connection of the anchor rods to the anchor box Anchor sleeves, which have a suitable mating thread. A combination of both can be achieved by simply screwing.
- Further thread ridges represent advantageous protrusions on the surface of the tie rods, which form an advantageous anchor structure when embedded in the concrete foundation.
- the anchor rods are in this case embedded in the concrete so that the concrete engages in the threads, and so the anchor rods are frictionally surrounded by the concrete foundation. By choosing a suitable size of thread, the degree of anchoring depth can be adjusted.
- the tie rods are made of prestressing steel.
- Prestressing steel is particularly suitable for absorbing tensile forces, as they can occur especially in a fault mode. According to the embodiment, the forces introduced without failure by the foundation anchoring into the concrete foundation can thus be significantly increased in comparison to ordinary structural steel.
- the anchor rods have a length of at least 1500 mm, preferably of at least 2500 mm. This length is sufficient to be able to initiate also accident loads in the concrete foundation sufficiently safe without having to fear a failure of the foundation anchoring in the concrete foundation.
- operating loads such as, for example, the power torque, the axial tension, thermal expansion loads, pipeline loads or unbalance loads can be sufficiently introduced into the concrete foundation.
- accident loads such as those that occur when a blade fractures a steam turbine or during an earthquake occur, can be initiated so failure free in the concrete foundation.
- the anchor rods are terminated on the opposite side of the anchor box in each case by a closure plate terminal.
- the end plate is in turn completely embedded in concrete together with the anchor rods in the concrete foundation.
- the anchor rods can in turn be screwed to a connection sleeve, which serves to fasten the end plates.
- an isolated end plate can be suitably welded to a closure sleeve, which is then screwed terminally onto the anchor rods.
- the execution completion plates also a suitable length adjustment of the individual anchor rods in relation to each other. Such is especially advantageous when inserting the foundation anchoring in the concrete foundation, as this can be done a suitable height and position adjustment of the anchor box.
- the foundation anchoring in addition to a support element, which cooperates with the at least one lateral wall of the anchor box such that it can support the foundation anchoring against a base arranged under the concrete foundation.
- the support element is typically designed as a rod, which is arranged in direct contact with the at least one lateral wall of the anchor box for support.
- the support element primarily allows a temporary support of the foundation anchoring when embedded in the concrete foundation, in particular if the thickness expansion of the concrete foundation is greater than the longitudinal extent of the anchor rods. Accordingly, when embedded in the concrete foundation, the foundation anchor can be supported for proper alignment against a pedestal, although the anchor rods do not contact the pedestal.
- this has a power weight of at least 10 kN / kg, preferably of at least 13 kN / kg and very particularly preferably of 15 kN / kg. Consequently, even large loads at relatively low weights of a foundation anchorage can effectively penetrate into the concrete foundation be initiated. At the same time, the weight saving of the foundation anchoring according to the embodiment allows a significant cost savings in terms of material expenses.
- the foundation anchoring is adapted to non-destructive absorb forces of at least 2000 kN and preferably of at least 2500 kN and initiate into the concrete foundation.
- the joints between the anchor box and the concrete foundation are filled with a low-shrinkage potting material. Due to the vibration inertness an all-round, non-positive environment of concrete of the anchor box is guaranteed. Thus, it is possible that even moments due to eccentric load are centered by a suitable horizontal force pair, which acts on the concrete at different heights of the anchor box. According to a continuation of this aspect, the entire foundation anchoring in the concrete foundation may be awarded by a suitable low-shrinkage potting material. For example. is to be mentioned as such a material PAGEL V1-50.
- FIG. 1 1 shows a side sectional view through a composite of foundation anchor 1, as known from the prior art, and a concrete foundation 2.
- the foundation anchor 1 comprises an anchor box 10, which is largely embedded in the concrete foundation 2 together with eight anchor rods 20.
- the anchor box 10 has two lateral walls 11, which are each connected to two transverse members 50.
- the connection of lateral wall 11 with cross-beam 50 takes place in each case in a mounting region 55.
- the lateral wall 11 are welded together with a cross-beam 50 to form a rectangular arrangement.
- anchor rods 20 are provided which have suitable thread ribs 25.
- the anchor rods 20 are screwed into suitable anchor sleeves 15.
- the anchor sleeves 15 are in each case firmly connected to a cross-beam 50 so that forces introduced into the anchor box 10 after being diverted into the cross-members 50 result in a force introduction into the tie rods 20. Due to this force diversion, however, stress peaks can occur, in particular in the region of the attachment region 55, which can cause a failure of the entire foundation anchorage 1 under heavy load. This weakness seeks to advantageously avoid the present invention due to the arrangement chosen.
- FIG. 2 shows a rotated by 90 ° side sectional view through the in FIG. 1 It can be seen that the introduced into the anchor box 10 forces can only be initiated on two sides on opposite sides in the concrete foundation. In particular, only two lateral walls 11 are connected to two transverse members 50. However, a further two lateral walls 11 have no connection to the transverse members 50, which results in asymmetric force transmission into the concrete foundation 2, in particular in the case of eccentric introduction of force into the anchor box 10.
- FIG. 3 shows an exploded view of various components of an embodiment of the foundation anchorage according to the invention 1.
- the foundation anchorage 1 according to the embodiment comprises four lateral walls 11, which are joined at right angles to each other to form an anchor box 10.
- the anchor box 10 is terminated by a top plate 12 terminal and on the opposite side of a bottom plate 39.
- a dome disc 35 and a cap nut 36 are accommodated in the space portion defined by the joined side walls 11, the top plate 12 and the bottom plate 39.
- Both the dome disk 35 and the dome nut 36 have a suitable opening, wherein in the dome nut 36, a not further shown fastening bolts of a large-scale machine can be suitably attached.
- the bolt is carried out by an opening provided in the top plate 12 opening and screw with the cap nut 36.
- the illustrated embodiment of the foundation anchor 1 comprises four anchor sleeves 15, which have a hexagonal outer cross-section.
- the anchor sleeves 15 can be suitably inserted into the recesses 14 provided in the lateral walls 11, so that a spatial engagement towards the centrally arranged load axis of the system can be achieved.
- the anchor sleeves 15 are each laterally welded by a weld, each with a lateral wall 11.
- the foundation anchorage according to the invention 1 comprises four termination sleeves 27, which can be screwed terminally on the armature box 10 opposite side of the tie rods 20 with this.
- the foundation anchorage 1 four end plates 26, which also terminate the anchor rods 20 terminal. According to the execution of the end sleeves 27 are welded to one end plate 26, and screwed on the armature box 10 opposite end of an anchor rod 20 with this.
- the fastening section 30 encompassed by the anchor box 10 comprises the dome disc 35 with the dome nut 36.
- the dome nut 36 has a conical center part 37, which is not further shown Groove 38 engages in the spherical cap 35, wherein both components can be employed at an angle to each other.
- a press contact between the surface of the centering portion 37 and the surface of the recess 38 is formed, which provides a suitable non-positive power line.
- a fastening bolt in the cap nut 36 presses the facing to the top plate 12 surface of the cap plate 35 against the top plate 12. This also ensures a positive power line.
- FIG. 3 As in FIG. 4 indicated, are the in FIG. 3 shown side walls 11 connected to the top plate 12 by a circumferential weld.
- the side walls 11 are connected to the top plate 12 by two circumferential welds.
- the lateral walls 11 are welded to each other in the region of the mutually contacting edge regions.
- FIG. 5 shows the in the FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrated embodiment of the foundation anchorage 1 according to the intended assembly of all components.
- the anchor rods 20 encompassed by the foundation anchorage 1 have suitable threaded ribs 25 which can be screwed together with matching mating threads in the anchor sleeves 15 and the terminating sleeves 27, respectively.
- the screw allows connection of anchor box 10 with the anchor rods 20 and consequently a needs-based handling of the individual parts during assembly.
- a suitable length adjustment of the individual anchor rods relative to each other can be done.
- FIG. 6 shows a side sectional view through a further embodiment of the foundation anchorage 1 according to the invention, in an already embedded in a concrete foundation 2 state.
- the anchor box 10 is almost completely embedded in the concrete foundation 2. Only a slight projection of the anchor box 10 protrudes from the surface of the concrete foundation 2.
- the supernatant is arranged in the region of the top plate 12, which has a circular opening. According to the illustration shown below lying below a dome plate 35 and a cap nut 36 are arranged.
- the dome nut 36 is supported against the bottom plate 39.
- the fastening bolt 110 is guided through the opening of the top plate 12, and screwed to the thread of the cap nut 36.
- the opening of the cap plate 35 is slightly larger in diameter than the thread diameter of the cap nut 36.
- the cap nut 36 against the cap plate 35 can be made at an angle, wherein the surface of the partially spherical centering section 37 presses against the surface of the correspondingly adapted recess 38 of the spherical disk 35.
- the cap nut 36 and the cap plate 35 are slidably disposed in the anchor box 10.
- the opening of the head plate 12 has a sufficiently large diameter, so that a displacement of a head plate 12 penetrating bolt is not hindered.
- the size of the Opening in the top plate 12 can determine the maximum lateral displacement.
- anchor rods 20 are arranged substantially parallel to the surfaces of the side walls 11. Further, only a small offset of the longitudinal extension direction of the tie rods 20 with respect to the planes of the side walls 11 is provided. This offset can also be essentially zero according to the embodiment. Due to this arrangement, the forces transmitted through the side walls 11 can be introduced substantially linearly without the formation of bending stresses in the anchor sleeves 15 and subsequently in the anchor rods 20.
- the anchor rods 20 have for anchoring in the concrete foundation 20 suitably shaped thread ribs 25, in whose threads the concrete of the concrete foundation 2 engages.
- FIG. 7 shows a first sectional view according to the sectional plane AA through the in FIG. 6 shown embodiment of the foundation anchorage 1.
- the sectional view shows a plan view of the top plate 12, which is inserted into the defined by the four side walls 11 recess and fixed by a circumferential weld.
- the opening received in the top plate 12 has a diameter which is larger than the diameter of a fastening bolt 110 of a large-scale machine 100 (not shown in the present case). Due to this difference in size, a lateral displacement of the fastening bolt 110 can be made possible for compensating production-related tolerances.
- FIG. 8 shows a second sectional view according to the sectional plane BB through the in FIG. 6 Shown embodiment of the foundation anchorage 1.
- the sectional view represents the anchor box 10 shows, and shows a plan view of the dome disc 35.
- the view illustrates the lateral spacing of the dome plate 35 from the side walls 11, which allows a lateral displacement in the illustrated area.
- FIG. 9 shows a further sectional view according to the sectional plane CC to that of the in FIG. 6
- the cut leads through the lying between the bottom plate 39 and the anchor sleeves 15 sections.
- FIG. 10 shows a further sectional view through the in FIG. 6 illustrated foundation anchorage 1 according to the cutting plane DD.
- the cutting plane leads vertically through the anchor sleeves 15, which are each welded to the side walls 11.
- the welding takes place by means of two welding seams 13 which connect the side edge regions of the lateral walls 11 with the outwardly directed surfaces of the anchor sleeves 15.
- the welding is carried out in such a way that a connecting line extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal extent of an anchor sleeve runs through the weld seams of the anchor sleeve 15 through the center of gravity of the anchor sleeve 15 in cross-section to the longitudinal extent of the anchor sleeve 15.
- FIG. 11 shows a further sectional view through the in FIG. 6
- the section shows a plan view of the terminating sleeve 27 which is screwed terminally on an anchor rod 20 and which is welded to a cover plate 26.
- FIG. 12 shows a further embodiment of an inventive composite of foundation anchorage 1 and concrete foundation 2.
- the foundation anchorage 1 in this case has essentially no structural differences from the in FIG. 6 to FIG. 11 illustrated embodiment of the foundation anchor 1. It is clearly recognizable, however, that the foundation anchorage 1 is embedded in the concrete foundation 2 in such a way that the end plates 26 provided on the anchor rods 20 are aligned with each other at the same level. This orientation allows for incorporation of the foundation anchor 1 in the concrete foundation 2 an advantageous horizontal orientation.
- FIG. 13 shows a further embodiment of the foundation anchorage 1 according to the invention, which is embedded in a concrete foundation 2.
- a support member 45 which can be provided, for example.
- the support element 45 is rod-shaped and is in contact with the at least one lateral wall 11 for support.
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Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Fundamentverankerung zur kraftschlüssigen Verankerung einer großtechnischen Maschine in einem Betonfundament umfassend wenigstens einen eine seitliche Wandung aufweisenden Ankerkasten sowie eine Anzahl an den Ankerkasten angebrachter Ankerstäbe, wobei der Ankerkasten einen Befestigungsabschnitt zur Befestigung der großtechnischen Maschine mittels Befestigungsbolzen aufweist, gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1, wie auch einen Verbund einer solchen Fundamentverankerung mit Betonfundament. Eine derartige Fundamentverankerung ist aus der
Die Verankerung großtechnischer Maschinen in einem speziell für die Abstützung und Befestigung der Maschine bereit gestellten Betonfundament stellt hohe technische Anforderungen an, die für die Krafteinleitung in das Betonfundament verantwortlichen Bauteile. So muss die Fundamentverankerung nicht nur eine geeignete Krafteinleitung und Sicherung während des regulären Betriebs der Maschine gewährleisten können, sondern auch eine ausreichende Befestigung, um die Verankerung der Maschine auch bei einem Störfall zu gewährleisten. Gerade während eines solchen Störfallbetriebs können aufgrund der in der Maschine auftretenden Unwuchtkräfte Störfalllasten auf das Betonfundament übertragen werden, die mindestens doppelt so groß wie die regelmäßigen Betriebslasten sind.The anchoring of large-scale machines in a concrete foundation made available especially for the support and fastening of the machine places high technical demands on the components responsible for the introduction of force into the concrete foundation. Thus, the foundation anchorage must not only be able to ensure a suitable force introduction and securing during the regular operation of the machine, but also sufficient fastening to ensure the anchoring of the machine even in the event of a fault. Precisely during such an accident mode, due to the unbalance forces occurring in the machine, it is possible to transmit accident loads to the concrete foundation that are at least twice the regular operating loads.
Großtechnische Maschinen sind vorliegend insbesondere als kraftwerkstechnische Maschinen zu verstehen. So betrifft die Erfindung etwa Fundamentverankerungen von Lagergehäusen an Hochdruckturbinen, Mitteldruckturbinen und Niederdruckturbinen in einem Dampfturbinenkraftwerk. Ebenso können aber bspw. auch einzelne Maschinenteile eine entsprechende Verankerung erfordern, wie etwa Abfangklappen von Zwischenüberhitzungsleitungen in industrieüblichen Dampfturbinenkraftwerken.In the present case, large-scale machines are to be understood in particular as power plant-technical machines. For example, the invention relates to foundation anchors of bearing housings on high-pressure turbines, medium-pressure turbines and low-pressure turbines in a steam turbine power plant. Likewise, however, for example, individual machine parts may require a corresponding anchoring, such as interception flaps of reheater pipes in industrial steam turbine power plants.
Die großtechnischen Maschinen werden typischerweise mittels speziell dafür vorgesehener Befestigungsbolzen aus hochfestem Metall in einem Befestigungsabschnitt einer Fundamentverankerung befestigt, so dass eine sichere Befestigung an dem Betonfundament erreicht werden kann. Die betreffenden Befestigungsbolzen können bspw. in geeigneter Weise mit einer Befestigungsmutter verschraubt werden, die von der Fundamentverankerung umfasst ist. Die Lastübertragung auf die Fundamentverankerung erfolgt so, dass die auftretenden Kräfte geeignet in das Betonfundament eingeleitet werden.The large-scale machines are typically fastened by means of specially provided fastening bolts made of high-strength metal in a mounting portion of a foundation anchoring, so that a secure attachment to the concrete foundation can be achieved. The respective fastening bolts can, for example, be screwed in a suitable manner with a fastening nut, which is encompassed by the foundation anchoring. The load transfer to the foundation anchoring takes place in such a way that the occurring forces are suitably introduced into the concrete foundation.
Gemäß dem der Anmelderin bekannten internen Stand der Technik, wird zur Fundamentverankerung mitunter eine Stahlkonstruktion verwendet, welche zunächst die maschinenseitig auftretenden Kräfte in zwei aus Baustahl gefertigte Seitenbleche einleitet, wobei die beiden Seitenbleche jeweils mit zwei angeschweißten Quertraversen verbunden sind. Die Quertraversen sind jeweils mit einer Anzahl an geeignet ausgeformten Ankerstangen fest verbunden, so dass die auf die Quertraversen wirkenden Kräfte in die Ankerstangen eingeleitet werden können. Die Ankerstangen selbst sind in dem Betonfundament kraftschlüssig verankert, so dass die Kräfte in das Betonfundament geleitet werden.According to the internal prior art known to the applicant, a steel structure is sometimes used for anchoring the foundation, which initially introduces the forces which occur on the machine side into two side plates made of structural steel, the two side plates each being connected to two welded transverse members. The crossbars are each firmly connected to a number of suitably shaped anchor rods, so that the forces acting on the crossbars forces can be introduced into the anchor rods. The anchor rods themselves are frictionally anchored in the concrete foundation, so that the forces are directed into the concrete foundation.
Es erweist sich jedoch als nachteilig, dass die auf die Fundamentverankerung einwirkenden Kräfte nicht ohne Kraftumlenkung in das Betonfundament abgeleitet werden können. Aufgrund der gewinkelten Verbindung von Seitenblechen und Quertraversen entstehen bei Kraftübertragung Biegespannungen im Anbringungsbereich von Seitenblech und Quertraverse, die stark erhöht sein können. Insbesondere im Falle eines Störfallbetriebs können die auf diesen Anbringungsbereich einwirkenden Kräfte die Verbindungsfestigkeit übersteigen, wodurch ein unerwünschter und mitunter von schwerwiegenden Folgen begleitender Versagensfall eintreten kann.However, it proves to be disadvantageous that the forces acting on the foundation anchoring forces can not be derived without force deflection in the concrete foundation. Due to the angled connection of side plates and crossbeams occur during power bending stresses in the mounting region of side plate and cross-beam, which can be greatly increased. In particular, in the case of accident operation, the forces acting on this mounting area can exceed the connection strength, which can lead to an undesirable and sometimes severe failure case.
Diese Nachteile versucht der technische Vorschlag gemäß der Patentschrift
Folglich stellt es sich als ein technisches Erfordernis dar, eine verbesserte Fundamentverankerung vorzuschlagen, welche die Nachteile aus dem Stand der Technik, wie oben beschrieben, in der Lage ist zu vermeiden. Insbesondere soll die so vorgeschlagene Fundamentverankerung hinsichtlich ihrer Fertigungsgenauigkeit, Handhabbarkeit und Transportfähigkeit verbessert sein. Gleichzeitig soll sie geeignet sein, Betriebslasten wie auch Störfalllasten einer großtechnischen Maschine in geeigneter Weise auf ein Betonfundament zu übertragen, ohne ein Versagen aufgrund von überhöhten Biegespannungen befürchten zu müssen. Weiter soll die Fundamentverankerung eine möglichst vorteilhafte Krafteinleitung vor allem unter Vermeidung von Sekundärspannungen in das Betonfundament erreichen. Ebenso ist es wünschenswert, eine Fundamentverankerung vorzuschlagen, die ein vorteilhaftes Leistungsgewicht aufweist, d.h. das Verhältnis von versagensfreier aufnehmbarer Last und Gesamtgewicht der Fundamentverankerung soll vorteilhaft sein. Zusätzlich soll die Fundamentverankerung einen Toleranzausgleich bei der Montage der großtechnischen Maschine am Betonfundament ermöglichen. Dieser Toleranzausgleich soll insbesondere den Ausgleich von Winkelfehlern wie auch von Lagefehlern erlauben.Consequently, it is a technical requirement to propose an improved foundation anchor which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art as described above. In particular, the so-proposed foundation anchoring should be improved in terms of manufacturing accuracy, handling and transportability. At the same time it should be suitable to transfer operating loads as well as accidental loads of a large-scale machine in a suitable manner to a concrete foundation, without having to fear a failure due to excessive bending stresses. Furthermore, the foundation anchoring is to achieve the most advantageous possible introduction of force, in particular avoiding secondary stresses in the concrete foundation. Likewise, it is desirable to propose a foundation anchor having an advantageous power-to-weight ratio, ie, the ratio of failure-free absorbable load and total weight of the foundation anchor should be advantageous. In addition, the foundation anchoring should allow tolerance compensation during assembly of the large-scale machine on the concrete foundation. This tolerance compensation should allow in particular the compensation of angular errors as well as positional errors.
Erfindungsgemäß werden diese Aufgaben durch eine Fundamentverankerung gemäß Anspruch 1 wie auch durch einen Verbund aus Fundamentverankerung und Betonfundament gemäß Anspruch 13 gelöst.According to the invention, these objects are achieved by a foundation anchoring according to claim 1 as well as by a composite of foundation anchoring and concrete foundation according to
Insbesondere werden diese Aufgaben durch eine Fundamentverankerung zur kraftschlüssigen Verankerung einer großtechnischen Maschine in einem Betonfundament gelöst, welche einen wenigstens eine seitliche Wandung aufweisenden Ankerkasten sowie eine Anzahl an den Ankerkasten angebrachter Ankerstäbe umfasst, wobei der Ankerkasten einen Befestigungsabschnitt zur Befestigung der großtechnischen Maschine mittels Befestigungsbolzen aufweist, wobei die Ankerstäbe mit der wenigstens einen seitlichen Wandung derart verbunden sind, dass die Krafteinleitung von der wenigstens einen Wandung in die Anzahl an Ankerstäben im Wesentlichen linear entlang der Längenausdehnungsachse der Ankerstäbe erfolgt, wobei die Ankerstäbe mit der wenigstens einen seitlichen Wandung über Ankermuffen verbunden sind.In particular, these objects are achieved by a foundation anchoring for frictionally anchoring a large-scale machine in a concrete foundation comprising an anchor box having at least one lateral wall and a number of anchor rods attached to the anchor box, the anchor box having a fastening portion for fastening the large-scale machine by means of fastening bolts, wherein the anchor rods are connected to the at least one lateral wall in such a way that the introduction of force from the at least one wall into the number of anchor rods takes place substantially linearly along the longitudinal extension axis of the anchor rods, wherein the anchor rods are connected to the at least one lateral wall via anchor sleeves.
Weiterhin werden die der Erfindung zugrunde liegenden Aufgaben insbesondere durch einen Verbund einer solchen Fundamentverankerung zur kraftschlüssigen Verankerung einer großtechnischen Maschine und aus einem Betonfundament gelöst, in welches die Fundamentverankerung eingelassen ist, wobei die Fundamentverankerung so in das Betonfundament eingelassen ist, dass der Ankerkasten mindestens großteilig und die Ankerstäbe vollständig von Beton umgeben sind.Furthermore, the objects underlying the invention are achieved in particular by a composite of such a foundation anchoring for non-positive anchoring a large-scale machine and a concrete foundation, in which the foundation anchoring is embedded, the foundation anchoring is embedded in the concrete foundation that the anchor box at least in large part the anchor rods are completely surrounded by concrete.
Erfindungsgemäß sind die Ankerstäbe mit der wenigstens einen seitlichen Wandung über Ankermuffen verbunden. Bspw. können so die Ankerstäbe mit den Ankermuffen verschraubt sein. Durch eine ausgerichtete Verbindung von Ankerstäben und Ankermuffen, kann auch eine vorteilhafte Ausrichtung der Ankerstäbe nach Verbindung von Ankerstäben und Ankermuffen in Bezug zum Ankerkasten erreicht werden. Erfindungsgemäß ist es also möglich, die Fundamentverankerung platzsparend und präzise vorzufertigen, ohne etwa die Ankerstäbe mit dem Ankerkasten sofort verbinden zu müssen. So kann etwa der Ankerkasten mit den ausführungsgemäßen Ankermuffen unternehmensseitig vorgefertigt werden, wobei die Ankerstäbe erst bei Verbauung vor Ort, d.h. also bei Einlassen in das Betonfundament vor Ort mit den Ankermuffen verbunden werden. Dies verbessert einerseits den Handhabungsaufwand wie auch den Transportaufwand.According to the anchor rods are connected to the at least one lateral wall via anchor sleeves. For example. Thus, the anchor rods can be bolted to the anchor sleeves. By an aligned connection of anchor rods and anchor sleeves, an advantageous alignment of the anchor rods can be achieved after connection of anchor rods and anchor sleeves with respect to the anchor box. According to the invention, it is thus possible to prefabricate the foundation anchorage in a space-saving and precise manner without having to connect the tie rods to the anchor box immediately, for example. Thus, for example, the anchor box can be prefabricated with the anchor sleeves according to the execution of the company, the anchor rods only on site, ie. so be connected when entering the concrete foundation on site with the anchor sleeves. This improves on the one hand the handling effort as well as the transport costs.
Erfindungsgemäß sind zudem die Ankerstäbe der Fundamentverankerung derart mit der wenigstens einen seitlichen Wandung verbunden, dass die Krafteinleitung im Wesentlichen in der Ebene der seitlichen Wandung linear, entsprechend der Längsausdehnungsrichtung der Ankerstäbe weitergeleitet wird. Demgemäß ist keine Kraftumlenkung erforderlich, bevor die in das Betonfundament einzuleitende Kraft aus dem Ankerkasten in die Ankerstäbe übertragen werden kann. Die in die Ankerstäbe eingeleiteten Kräfte werden im Wesentlichen als Druck- und Zugkräfte übertragen, wobei nachteilige Biegespannungen vermieden werden können.According to the invention, the anchor rods of the foundation anchoring are also connected to the at least one lateral wall in such a way that the introduction of force is transmitted substantially linearly in the plane of the lateral wall, corresponding to the longitudinal expansion direction of the anchor rods. Accordingly, no force deflection is required before the force to be introduced into the concrete foundation can be transferred from the anchor box in the tie rods. The forces introduced into the tie rods are transmitted essentially as compressive and tensile forces, wherein disadvantageous bending stresses can be avoided.
Aufgrund der Vermeidung von Quertraversen, wie sie bspw. aus einigen Ausführungsformen gemäß dem Stand der Technik bekannt sind, resultiert zudem eine Verringerung des Bauraums sowie eine Verminderung des Gesamtgewichts der Fundamentverankerung. Dies wiederum ermöglicht verbessertes Leistungsgewicht. Dementsprechend können auch verhältnismäßig höhere Lasten auf kleinerem Bauraum in das Betonfundament eingeleitet werden.Due to the avoidance of crossbeams, as they are known, for example, from some embodiments according to the prior art, also results in a reduction of space and a reduction in the total weight of the foundation anchorage. This in turn allows for improved power-to-weight ratio. Accordingly, relatively higher loads can be introduced in a smaller space in the concrete foundation.
Die lineare Krafteinleitung unter Kraftschluss in das Betonfundament ermöglicht überdies die Vermeidung von Kriecheffekten, welche sich infolge von lastfreien Vorspannungen der Fundamentverankerung ergeben können. Da das Betonfundament im Laufe seines Bestehens einem Alterungsprozess unterworfen ist, der typischerweise mit einer Verminderung der Volumenausdehnung einhergeht, kann auch eine Verminderung einer Vorspannung resultieren, die die Fundamentverankerung in dem Betonfundament im lastfreien Zustand aufweist. Eine solche Vorspannung ist etwa dann vorgesehen, wenn die Ankerstäbe durch das gesamte Betonfundament reichen und an dem dem Ankerkasten gegenüber liegenden Ende lastfrei vorgespannt und verschraubt sind.The linear introduction of force under force in the concrete foundation also allows the avoidance of creep, which may arise as a result of load-free biases of the foundation anchoring. Since the concrete foundation is subject to an aging process in the course of its existence, which is typically accompanied by a reduction in the volume expansion, a reduction of a prestress, which has the foundation anchoring in the concrete foundation in the load-free state, can also result. Such a bias is approximately provided when the anchor rods extend through the entire concrete foundation and at the opposite end of the anchor box load-biased and are screwed.
Erfindungsgemäß ist der Verbund aus Fundamentverankerung und Betonfundament so ausgebildet, dass der Ankerkasten mindestens großteilig sowie die Ankerstäbe vollständig von Beton umgeben sind. Die Ankerstäbe die für die Krafteinleitung in das Betonfundament letztendlich verantwortlich sind, ermöglichen aufgrund dieser vollständigen Einbettung im Beton eine kraftschlüssige Einleitung auftretender Lasten. Zudem können Kriecheffekte vermieden werden, da die Ankerstäbe keiner Vorspannung unterliegen.According to the composite anchorage foundation and concrete foundation is designed so that the anchor box at least in large parts and the anchor rods are completely surrounded by concrete. The anchor rods which are ultimately responsible for the introduction of force into the concrete foundation allow, due to this complete embedding in the concrete, a non-positive introduction of occurring loads. In addition, creep can be avoided because the anchor rods are not subject to bias.
Der von der Erfindung vorgesehene Ankerkasten weist einen Befestigungsabschnitt zur Befestigung der großtechnischen Maschine mittels Befestigungsbolzen auf. Bevorzugt ist der Befestigungsabschnitt in einer Aufnahme des Ankerkastens vorgesehen. Diese Aufnahme kann innerhalb des Ankerkastens angeordnet sein, und durch geeignete Öffnungen zugänglich gemacht sein.The anchor box provided by the invention has a fastening section for fastening the large-scale machine by means of fastening bolts. Preferably, the attachment portion is provided in a receptacle of the anchor box. This receptacle can be arranged within the anchor box, and be made accessible through suitable openings.
Gemäß einer ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Fundamentverankerung ist vorgesehen, dass die Anordnung der Ankerstäbe an dem Ankerkasten symmetrisch zu der Lastachse der Fundamentverankerung ist. Aufgrund der symmetrischen Anordnung können die auf die Ankerstäbe übertragenen Teillasten gleichmäßig verteilt werden. Weiter gewährleistet eine solche symmetrische Anordnung die Vermeidung von Überspannungen in der Fundamentverankerung, so dass eine allgemein geringere Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit resultiert.According to a first preferred embodiment of the foundation anchoring according to the invention it is provided that the arrangement of the anchor rods on the anchor box is symmetrical to the load axis of the foundation anchoring. Due to the symmetrical arrangement, the partial loads transmitted to the tie rods can be evenly distributed. Next guaranteed Such a symmetrical arrangement avoids overvoltages in the foundation anchoring, so that a generally lower probability of failure results.
Gemäß einer Weiterführung dieses Aspektes sind die Ankermuffen mit der wenigstens einen seitlichen Wandung derart verschweißt, dass eine senkrecht zu der Längsausdehnung einer Ankermuffe verlaufende Verbindungslinie durch die Schweißnähte der Ankermuffe durch den Schwerpunkt der Ankermuffe im Querschnitt zu der Längsausdehnung der Ankermuffe verläuft. Ausführungsgemäß können so weitere Zusatzspannungen aus lokalen Exzentrizitäten vermieden werden, wodurch eine asymmetrische Krafteinleitung in das Betonfundament die Folge sein könnte. Weiter könnte aufgrund solcher lokaler Exzentrizitäten auch die Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit der Fundamentverankerung bei sehr starker Lasteinleitung erhöht sein.According to a continuation of this aspect, the anchor sleeves are welded to the at least one lateral wall such that a perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of an anchor sleeve connecting line passes through the welds of the anchor sleeve through the center of gravity of the anchor sleeve in cross-section to the longitudinal extent of the anchor sleeve. According to the embodiment, further additional stresses from local eccentricities can thus be avoided, as a result of which an asymmetrical introduction of force into the concrete foundation could result. Furthermore, due to such local eccentricities, the probability of failure of foundation anchoring could be increased with very heavy load introduction.
Entsprechend einer weiteren Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Fundamentverankerung weist die wenigstens eine seitliche Wandung eine Aussparung zur Aufnahme eines Ankerstabs bzw. zur Aufnahme einer Ankermuffe auf. Aufgrund dieser Aussparung kann die Ebene der Krafteinleitung in einen Ankerstab geeignet eingestellt werden. Wird etwa ein Ankerstab in eine ausführungsgemäße Aussparung so eingesetzt, dass seine Längsausdehnungsachse mit der Ebene der wenigstens einen seitlichen Wandung zusammen fällt, ist eine besonders geeignete Kraftübertragung von der Wandung auf den Ankerstab möglich. Insbesondere kann durch das Vorsehen von geeignet dimensionierten Aussparungen das Auftreten von Biegespannungen in der Fundamentverankerung vermindert werden.According to a further embodiment of the foundation anchoring according to the invention, the at least one lateral wall has a recess for receiving an anchor rod or for receiving an anchor sleeve. Due to this recess, the level of force introduction into an anchor rod can be suitably adjusted. If, for example, an anchor rod is inserted into an embodiment recess such that its longitudinal extension axis coincides with the plane of the at least one lateral wall, a particularly suitable transmission of force from the wall to the anchor rod is possible. In particular, the provision of suitably dimensioned recesses can reduce the occurrence of bending stresses in the foundation anchoring.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst der Ankerkasten eine Kopfplatte, welche mit der wenigstens einen seitlichen Wandung fest verbunden ist und erlaubt, die in den Befestigungsabschnitt eingeleitete Kraft auf die wenigstens eine seitliche Wandung zu übertragen. Folglich kann die in den Befestigungsabschnitt eingeleitete Kraft zunächst auf die Kopfplatte übertragen werden, welche die auftretenden Kräfte geeignet auf die wenigstens eine seitliche Wandung verteilt. Folglich kann auch eine vorteilhafte Kräfteaufteilung auf die wenigstens eine seitliche Wandung erreicht werden.According to a further preferred embodiment, the anchor box comprises a top plate, which is fixedly connected to the at least one lateral wall and allows to transmit the force introduced into the fastening portion to the at least one lateral wall. Consequently, the force introduced into the attachment portion can first be transmitted to the top plate, which detects the forces that occur suitably distributed on the at least one lateral wall. Consequently, an advantageous distribution of forces on the at least one lateral wall can be achieved.
Entsprechend einer Weiterführung dieses Aspektes ist die Kopfplatte mit der wenigstens einen seitlichen Wandung über wenigstens eine umlaufende Schweißnaht, insbesondere über eine doppelte umlaufende Schweißnaht fest verbunden. Eine umlaufende Schweißnaht betrifft hierbei eine geschlossene Schweißnaht, etwa eine kreisförmig ausgebildete geschlossene oder rechteckig ausgebildete geschlossene Schweißnaht. Hierzu wird bspw. die Kopfplatte in eine geeignet ausgeformte Öffnung des Ankerkastens eingesetzt, und durch wenigstens eine umlaufende Schweißnaht mit der wenigstens einen seitlichen Wandung des Ankerkastens verbunden. So können die auf die Kopfplatte einwirkenden Kräfte geeignet auf alle Bereiche der wenigstens einen seitlichen Wandung übertragen werden, so dass eine vorteilhafte Verteilung der Kräfte auf die wenistens eine seitliche Wandung resultiert. Die Ausbildung einer doppelten umlaufenden Schweißnaht gewährleistet hierbei eine besonders feste Verbindung von Kopfplatte und der wenigstens einen seitlichen Wandung.According to a continuation of this aspect, the top plate with the at least one lateral wall via at least one circumferential weld, in particular via a double circumferential weld is firmly connected. A circumferential weld in this case relates to a closed weld, such as a circular closed or rectangular formed closed weld. For this purpose, for example, the top plate is inserted into a suitably shaped opening of the anchor box, and connected by at least one circumferential weld with the at least one lateral wall of the anchor box. Thus, the forces acting on the top plate forces can be suitably transmitted to all areas of at least one lateral wall, so that an advantageous distribution of forces on the at least one lateral wall results. The formation of a double peripheral weld ensures a particularly firm connection of the top plate and the at least one lateral wall.
Entsprechend einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist der Befestigungsabschnitt eine Kalottenscheibe sowie eine Kalottenmutter auf, in welche zur Befestigung der großtechnischen Maschine der Befestigungsbolzen verschraubt werden kann. Der Befestigungsbolzen der großtechnischen Maschine wird hierbei typischerweise durch eine freie Öffnung der Kalottenscheibe 35 geführt und in einem geeignet dimensionierten Gegengewinde in der Kalottenmutter verschraubt. Die durch den Befestigungsbolzen übertragenen Kräfte werden auf die Kalottenmutter und nachfolgend auf die Kalottenscheibe übertragen. Die Kalottenscheibe ihrerseits überträgt diese Kräfte wiederum auf den Ankerkasten, in welchen sie aufgenommen ist. Aufgrund des Vorsehens einer Kalottenmutter mit einer separaten Kalottenscheibe kann ein Winkelfehler vorteilhaft ausgeglichen werden, indem beide bspw. gegeneinander angestellt werden.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the attachment portion has a dome disc and a dome nut into which the fastening bolt can be screwed for attachment of the large-scale machine. The fastening bolt of the large-scale machine is typically guided through a free opening of the
Gemäß einer Weiterführung dieses Aspektes ist bei erfolgter Befestigung eines Befestigungsbolzens der großtechnischen Maschine in dem Befestigungsabschnitt die Kalottenmutter mit der Kalottenscheibe und wiederum diese Kalottenscheibe mit der Kopfplatte in Presskontakt. Die Kraftübertragung erfolgt folglich zunächst auf die Kalottenmutter, von dieser auf die Kalottenscheibe und von dieser wiederum auf die Kopfplatte. Hierbei presst bei erfolgter Befestigung die Kalottenscheibe in dem Ankerkasten von innen gegen die Kopfplatte, so dass diese die wenigstens eine seitliche Wandung des Ankerkastens mit einer von dem Betonfundament weg weisenden Zugkraft beaufschlagt.According to a continuation of this aspect, when a fastening bolt of the large-scale machine has been fastened in the fastening section, the dome nut is in press contact with the dome disk and again this dome disk is in press contact with the head plate. The power transmission is therefore first on the calotte nut, from this on the calotte disc and this in turn on the top plate. In this case, when the fastening is carried out, the dome disk in the anchor box presses against the top plate from the inside, so that it acts on the at least one lateral wall of the anchor box with a tensile force pointing away from the concrete foundation.
Gemäß einer weiterführenden Ausführungsform weist die Kalottenmutter einen erhabenen Zentrierabschnitt auf, welcher in eine Vertiefung in der Kalottenscheibe derart eingreift, dass beide bei Presskontakt gegeneinander winkelig angestellt werden können. Folglich kann auch bei winkeliger Anstellung von der Kalottenmutter gegen die Kalottenscheibe ein Presskontakt ausgebildet werden, der den Kräfteübertrag von der Kalottenmutter auf die Kalottenscheibe gewährleistet. Durch die winkelige Anstellung können etwa Winkelfehler ausgeglichen werden, die sich ergeben, wenn etwa der Befestigungsbolzen in den Befestigungsabschnitt nur unter einem vorbestimmten Winkel eingeführt und befestigt werden kann. Gleichzeitig können damit auch Winkeltoleranzen ausgeglichen werden, die der Befestigungsbolzen in der großtechnischen Maschine aufweist.According to a further embodiment, the dome nut has a raised centering portion, which engages in a recess in the dome disc such that both can be made angular contact with each other in press contact. Consequently, a press contact can be formed even at an angular position of the cap nut against the calotte disc, which ensures the transfer of forces from the calotte nut on the calotte disc. The angular adjustment can be compensated for about angle errors that result when about the fastening bolt can be inserted and fixed in the mounting portion only at a predetermined angle. At the same time angle tolerances can be compensated, which has the fastening bolts in the large-scale machine.
Entsprechend einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind die Kalottenscheibe und die Kalottenmutter von dem Ankerkasten aufgenommen und gegen die wenigstens eine seitliche Wandung des Ankerkastens senkrecht zu dieser verschiebbar, insbesondere um wenigstens 20 mm, bevorzugt um wenigstens 25 mm verschiebbar. Ausführungsgemäß haben also die Kalottenscheibe wie auch die Kalottenmutter, die in dem Ankerkasten aufgenommen sind, ein seitliches Spiel, um durch einen Verschub senkrecht zu der wenigstens einen seitlichen Wandung einen Verschubfehler ausgleichen zu können. Dieser Verschubfehler kann ausführungsgemäß 20 mm bzw. sogar 25 mm betragen. Damit können auch Fertigungstoleranzen ausgeglichen werden, welche die Bolzenanordnung an der großtechnischen Maschine aufweist.According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the dome disc and the dome nut are received by the anchor box and against the at least one lateral wall of the anchor box perpendicular to this slidably, in particular displaceable by at least 20 mm, preferably by at least 25 mm. Accordingly, according to the execution have the dome disc as well as the dome nut in the anchor box are recorded, a lateral game to compensate for a Verschubfehler by a displacement perpendicular to the at least one lateral wall can. According to the embodiment, this misalignment can be 20 mm or even 25 mm. This also manufacturing tolerances can be compensated, which has the bolt assembly on the large-scale machine.
Ausführungsgemäß kann die Kopfplatte eine Öffnung aufweisen, deren Durchmesser einen solchen Verschub des Befestigungsbolzens der großtechnischen Maschine ermöglicht. Hierbei muss der Durchmesser der von der Kopfplatte umfassten Öffnung entsprechend einem vorbestimmten Verschub verhältnismäßig größer ausgebildet sein als der Durchmesser des Befestigungsbolzens selbst.According to the embodiment, the top plate may have an opening whose diameter allows such a displacement of the fastening bolt of the large-scale machine. In this case, the diameter of the opening encompassed by the top plate must be made relatively larger in accordance with a predetermined displacement than the diameter of the fastening bolt itself.
Entsprechend einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass der Ankerkasten mehrere seitliche Wandungen, insbesondere vier seitliche Wandungen aufweist, die miteinander verschweißt sind, insbesondere über geschweißte Kehlnähte miteinander verbunden sind. Ausführungsgemäß kann der Ankerkasten folglich aus eben geformten Platten gefertigt werden, welche in einem leicht auszuführenden Schweißvorgang miteinander verbunden werden können. Ausführungsgemäß können die mehreren seitlichen Wandungen auch aus Baustahlplatten gefertigt sein, so dass der Fertigungsprozess kostengünstig und mittels industrieüblicher Verfahren ausgeführt werden kann. Eine Verschweißung der mehreren seitlichen Wandungen mittels geschweißter Kehlnähte gewährleistet einerseits eine besonders feste Verbindung der Bauteile, andererseits können lokal ausgebildete Exzentrizitäten wiederum vermieden werden.According to a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that the anchor box has a plurality of lateral walls, in particular four lateral walls, which are welded together, in particular via welded fillet welds are interconnected. According to the embodiment of the anchor box can thus be made of flat-shaped plates, which can be connected together in an easy-to-carry out welding. According to the embodiment, the plurality of lateral walls can also be made of structural steel plates, so that the production process can be carried out inexpensively and by means of industry-standard methods. A welding of the plurality of side walls by means of welded fillet welds on the one hand ensures a particularly firm connection of the components, on the other hand locally formed eccentricities can be avoided again.
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Fundamentverankerung weisen die Ankerstäbe über wenigstens einen Teil ihrer Längserstreckung, bevorzugt über die gesamte Länge ihrer Längserstreckung Gewinderippen auf. Diese Gewinderippen ermöglichen einerseits eine vorteilhafte Verbindung der Ankerstäbe mit an dem Ankerkasten angebrachten Ankermuffen, die ein geeignetes Gegengewinde aufweisen. Eine Verbindung beider kann durch einfaches Verschrauben erreicht werden. Weiter stellen Gewinderippen vorteilhafte Vorsprünge auf der Oberfläche der Ankerstäbe dar, die bei Einbettung in das Betonfundament eine vorteilhafte Ankerstruktur ausbilden. Die Ankerstäbe werden hierbei in dem Beton so eingebettet, dass der Beton in die Gewindegänge eingreift, und so die Ankerstäbe kraftschlüssig von dem Betonfundament umfasst werden. Durch die Wahl einer geeigneten Größe des Gewindeganges kann der Grad der Verankerungstiefe eingestellt werden.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the foundation anchoring according to the invention, the anchor rods have thread ribs over at least part of their longitudinal extension, preferably over the entire length of their longitudinal extent. On the one hand, these threaded ribs allow an advantageous connection of the anchor rods to the anchor box Anchor sleeves, which have a suitable mating thread. A combination of both can be achieved by simply screwing. Further thread ridges represent advantageous protrusions on the surface of the tie rods, which form an advantageous anchor structure when embedded in the concrete foundation. The anchor rods are in this case embedded in the concrete so that the concrete engages in the threads, and so the anchor rods are frictionally surrounded by the concrete foundation. By choosing a suitable size of thread, the degree of anchoring depth can be adjusted.
Entsprechend einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind die Ankerstäbe aus Spannstahl gefertigt. Spannstahl ist besonders geeignet zur Aufnahme von Zugkräften, wie sie vor allem bei einem Störfallbetrieb auftreten können. Ausführungsgemäß können so die durch die Fundamentverankerung in das Betonfundament versagensfrei eingeleiteten Kräfte im Vergleich zu gewöhnlichem Baustahl deutlich vergrößert werden.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the tie rods are made of prestressing steel. Prestressing steel is particularly suitable for absorbing tensile forces, as they can occur especially in a fault mode. According to the embodiment, the forces introduced without failure by the foundation anchoring into the concrete foundation can thus be significantly increased in comparison to ordinary structural steel.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung weisen die Ankerstäbe eine Länge von wenigstens 1500 mm, bevorzugt von wenigstens 2500 mm auf. Diese Länge reicht aus, um auch Störfalllasten in das Betonfundament ausreichend sicher einleiten zu können, ohne ein Versagen der Fundamentverankerung in dem Betonfundament befürchten zu müssen. Insbesondere können damit Betriebslasten wie bspw. das Leistungsmoment, der Axialzug, thermische Dehnungslasten, Rohrleitungslasten oder Unwuchtlasten ausreichend in das Betonfundament eingeleitet werden. Selbst Störfalllasten wie sie etwa auftreten bei einem Schaufelbruch einer Dampfturbine bzw. während eines Erdbebens auftreten, können so versagensfrei in das Betonfundament eingeleitet werden.According to a further embodiment of the present invention, the anchor rods have a length of at least 1500 mm, preferably of at least 2500 mm. This length is sufficient to be able to initiate also accident loads in the concrete foundation sufficiently safe without having to fear a failure of the foundation anchoring in the concrete foundation. In particular, operating loads such as, for example, the power torque, the axial tension, thermal expansion loads, pipeline loads or unbalance loads can be sufficiently introduced into the concrete foundation. Even accident loads, such as those that occur when a blade fractures a steam turbine or during an earthquake occur, can be initiated so failure free in the concrete foundation.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind die Ankerstäbe auf der dem Ankerkasten gegenüberliegenden Seite jeweils durch eine Abschlussplatte endständig abgeschlossen. Die Abschlussplatte ist ihrerseits zusammen mit den Ankerstäben in dem Betonfundament vollständig von Beton eingebettet.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the anchor rods are terminated on the opposite side of the anchor box in each case by a closure plate terminal. The end plate is in turn completely embedded in concrete together with the anchor rods in the concrete foundation.
Aufgrund ihrer geometrischen Ausdehnung, stellt sie einen weiteren Ankerwiderstand dar, den die Fundamentverankerung bei großen Zugkräften diesen entgegensetzen kann. Die Ankerstäbe können hierbei wiederum mit einer Anschlussmuffe verschraubt sein, die zur Befestigung der Abschlussplatten dient. Ausführungsgemäß kann eine vereinzelte Abschlussplatte mit einer Abschlussmuffe geeignet verschweißt sein, die dann endständig auf die Ankerstäbe aufgeschraubt wird. Weiter erlauben die ausführungsgemäßen Abschlussplatten auch einen geeigneten Längenabgleich der einzelnen Ankerstäbe in Bezug zueinander. Ein solcher ist vor allem beim Einsetzen der Fundamentverankerung in das Betonfundament vorteilhaft, da so eine geeignete Höhen- und Lageeinstellung des Ankerkastens erfolgen kann.Due to its geometric extension, it represents another anchor resistance, which the foundation anchorage can oppose to this with large tractive forces. The anchor rods can in turn be screwed to a connection sleeve, which serves to fasten the end plates. According to the embodiment, an isolated end plate can be suitably welded to a closure sleeve, which is then screwed terminally onto the anchor rods. Next allow the execution completion plates also a suitable length adjustment of the individual anchor rods in relation to each other. Such is especially advantageous when inserting the foundation anchoring in the concrete foundation, as this can be done a suitable height and position adjustment of the anchor box.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist die Fundamentverankerung zusätzlich ein Abstützelement auf, welches mit der wenigstens einen seitlichen Wandung des Ankerkastens derart zusammenwirkt, dass es die Fundamentverankerung gegen einen unter dem Betonfundament angeordneten Sockel abstützen kann. Das Abstützelement ist typischerweise als Stab ausgeführt, der in direktem Kontakt mit der wenigstens einen seitlichen Wandung des Ankerkastens zur Abstützung angeordnet ist. Das Abstützelement ermöglicht in erster Linie eine zeitweilige Abstützung der Fundamentverankerung bei Einbettung in das Betonfundament insbesondere dann, wenn die Dickenausdehnung des Betonfundaments größer ist als die Längenausdehnung der Ankerstäbe. Dementsprechend kann die Fundamentverankerung beim Einbetten in das Betonfundament zu einer geeigneten Ausrichtung gegen einen Sockel abgestützt werden, obwohl die Ankerstäbe den Sockel nicht berühren.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the foundation anchoring in addition to a support element, which cooperates with the at least one lateral wall of the anchor box such that it can support the foundation anchoring against a base arranged under the concrete foundation. The support element is typically designed as a rod, which is arranged in direct contact with the at least one lateral wall of the anchor box for support. The support element primarily allows a temporary support of the foundation anchoring when embedded in the concrete foundation, in particular if the thickness expansion of the concrete foundation is greater than the longitudinal extent of the anchor rods. Accordingly, when embedded in the concrete foundation, the foundation anchor can be supported for proper alignment against a pedestal, although the anchor rods do not contact the pedestal.
Gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Fundamentverankerung weist diese ein Leistungsgewicht von mindestens 10 kN/kg, bevorzugt von mindestens 13 kN/kg und ganz besonders bevorzugt von 15 kN/kg auf. Folglich können auch große Lasten bei verhältnismäßig geringen Gewichten einer Fundamentverankerung effektiv in das Betonfundament eingeleitet werden. Gleichzeitig ermöglicht die Gewichtseinsparung der ausführungsgemäßen Fundamentverankerung eine deutliche Kostenersparnis hinsichtlich der Materialaufwendungen.According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the foundation anchoring according to the invention, this has a power weight of at least 10 kN / kg, preferably of at least 13 kN / kg and very particularly preferably of 15 kN / kg. Consequently, even large loads at relatively low weights of a foundation anchorage can effectively penetrate into the concrete foundation be initiated. At the same time, the weight saving of the foundation anchoring according to the embodiment allows a significant cost savings in terms of material expenses.
Gemäß einer ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verbunds von Fundamentverankerung und Betonfundament ist vorgesehen, dass die Fundamentverankerung dazu ausgebildet ist, Kräfte von mindestens 2000 kN und bevorzugt von mindestens 2500 kN zerstörungsfrei aufzunehmen und in das Betonfundament einzuleiten. Folglich können auch Störfalllasten bei großen industriellen Maschinen effektiv und versagensfrei in das Betonfundament überführt werden. Dies gewährleistet einen störfallsicheren Betrieb solcher Maschinen.According to a first preferred embodiment of the composite of foundation anchoring and concrete foundation according to the invention it is provided that the foundation anchoring is adapted to non-destructive absorb forces of at least 2000 kN and preferably of at least 2500 kN and initiate into the concrete foundation. As a result, accident loads on large industrial machines can be effectively and failure-free transferred to the concrete foundation. This ensures a fail-safe operation of such machines.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verbunds sind die Fugen zwischen dem Ankerkasten und dem Betonfundament mit einem schwindarmen Vergussmaterial ausgegossen. Aufgrund der Schwingungsarmheit ist eine allseitige, kraftschlüssige Umgebung von Beton des Ankerkastens gewährleistet. Damit ist es möglich, dass auch Momente infolge exzentrischer Last durch ein geeignetes horizontales Kräftepaar zentriert werden, welches jeweils auf unterschiedlichen Höhen des Ankerkastens auf den Beton einwirkt. Gemäß einer Weiterführung dieses Aspektes kann auch die gesamte Fundamentverankerung in dem Betonfundament von einem geeigneten schwindarmen Vergussmaterial vergeben sein. Bspw. ist als ein solches Material PAGEL V1-50 zu nennen.According to a further embodiment of the composite according to the invention, the joints between the anchor box and the concrete foundation are filled with a low-shrinkage potting material. Due to the vibration inertness an all-round, non-positive environment of concrete of the anchor box is guaranteed. Thus, it is possible that even moments due to eccentric load are centered by a suitable horizontal force pair, which acts on the concrete at different heights of the anchor box. According to a continuation of this aspect, the entire foundation anchoring in the concrete foundation may be awarded by a suitable low-shrinkage potting material. For example. is to be mentioned as such a material PAGEL V1-50.
Nachfolgend soll die Erfindung anhand von einzelnen Figuren im Detail beschrieben werden. Dabei ist darauf hinzuweisen, dass die Figuren lediglich beispielhaft zu verstehen sind und die Erfindung nicht hinsichtlich ihrer Allgemeinheit einschränken sollen. Ebenso ist darauf hinzuweisen, dass die Dimensionen einzelner Bauteile nicht immer maßstabsgerecht gezeichnet sind, wodurch sich jedoch wiederum keinerlei Einschränkungen ergeben sollen.The invention will be described below with reference to individual figures in detail. It should be noted that the figures are to be understood as exemplary only and not to limit the invention in terms of their generality. Likewise, it should be noted that the dimensions of individual components are not always drawn to scale, which in turn, however, should not result in any restrictions.
Hierbei zeigen:
- FIG 1
- eine seitliche Schnittansicht durch einen Verbund von aus dem Stand der Technik bekannter Fundamentverankerung und Betonfundament;
- FIG 2
- eine weitere seitliche Schnittansicht durch den in
FIG 1 gezeigten Verbund von einer im Vergleich zu der inFIG 1 dargestellten Ansicht um 90° gedrehten Seitenansicht; - FIG 3
- eine schematische Explosionsdarstellung verschiedener Bestandteile einer Fundamentverankerung gemäß einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung;
- FIG 4
- eine teilweise Explosionsdarstellung der in
FIG 3 dargestellten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Fundamentverankerung; - FIG 5
- eine perspektivische Seitenansicht auf die in
FIG 3 und FIG 4 gezeigte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Fundamentverankerung nach bestimmungsgemäßer Verbindung aller Bauteile; - FIG 6
- eine seitliche Schnittansicht durch eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Verbunds aus erfindungsgemäßer Fundamentverankerung und Betonfundament;
- FIG 7
- eine erste Schnittansicht entsprechend eines Schnittes durch die Ebene A-A der in
FIG 6 gezeigten Ausführungsform der Fundamentverankerung; - FIG 8
- eine zweite Schnittansicht entsprechend eines Schnittes durch die Ebene B-B der in
FIG 6 gezeigten Ausführungsform der Fundamentverankerung; - FIG 9
- eine dritte Schnittansicht entsprechend eines Schnittes durch die Ebene C-C der in
FIG 6 gezeigten Ausführungsform der Fundamentverankerung; - FIG 10
- eine vierte Schnittansicht entsprechend eines Schnittes durch die Ebene D-D der in
FIG 6 gezeigten Ausführungsform der Fundamentverankerung; - FIG 11
- eine fünfte Schnittansicht entsprechend eines Schnittes durch die Ebene E-E der in
FIG 6 gezeigten Ausführungsform der Fundamentverankerung; - FIG 12
- eine weitere seitliche Schnittansicht durch eine Ausführungsform des Verbunds aus erfindungsgemäßer Fundamentverankerung und Betonfundament;
- FIG 13
- eine weitere seitliche Schnittansicht durch eine Ausführungsform des Verbunds aus erfindungsgemäßer Fundamentverankerung und Betonfundament mit Abstützelement.
- FIG. 1
- a side sectional view through a combination of known from the prior art foundation anchorage and concrete foundation;
- FIG. 2
- another lateral sectional view through the in
FIG. 1 shown composite of one compared to the inFIG. 1 view rotated by 90 ° side view; - FIG. 3
- a schematic exploded view of various components of a foundation anchorage according to an embodiment of the present invention;
- FIG. 4
- a partial exploded view of in
FIG. 3 illustrated embodiment of the foundation anchorage according to the invention; - FIG. 5
- a perspective side view of the in
3 and FIG. 4 shown embodiment of the foundation anchoring according to the invention of the intended connection of all components; - FIG. 6
- a sectional side view through a further embodiment of a composite of inventive foundation anchorage and concrete foundation;
- FIG. 7
- a first sectional view corresponding to a section through the plane AA of in
FIG. 6 shown embodiment of the foundation anchorage; - FIG. 8
- a second sectional view corresponding to a section through the plane BB of in
FIG. 6 shown embodiment of the foundation anchorage; - FIG. 9
- a third sectional view corresponding to a section through the plane CC of FIG
FIG. 6 shown embodiment of the foundation anchorage; - FIG. 10
- a fourth sectional view corresponding to a section through the plane DD of in
FIG. 6 shown embodiment of the foundation anchorage; - FIG. 11
- a fifth sectional view corresponding to a section through the plane EE of
FIG. 6 shown embodiment of the foundation anchorage; - FIG. 12
- a further sectional side view through an embodiment of the composite of inventive foundation anchorage and concrete foundation;
- FIG. 13
- a further sectional side view through an embodiment of the composite of inventive foundation anchorage and concrete foundation with support element.
Zur Befestigung eines nicht weiter gezeigten Befestigungsbolzens 110 einer großtechnischen Maschine 100 (nicht gezeigt) in der Fundamentverankerung 1 weist diese einen Befestigungsabschnitt 30 auf, der von den seitlichen Wandungen 11 umgeben ist.For fastening a fastening bolt 110 (not shown) of a large-scale machine 100 (not shown) in the foundation anchorage 1, this has a
Zur Verankerung der Fundamentverankerung 1 in dem Betonfundament 2 sind insgesamt acht Ankerstäbe 20 vorgesehen, die geeignete Gewinderippen 25 aufweisen. Zur Befestigung der Ankerstäbe 20 an dem Ankerkasten 10 sind die Ankerstäbe 20 in geeignete Ankermuffen 15 verschraubt. Die Ankermuffen 15 sind hierbei jeweils mit einer Quertraverse 50 fest verbunden, so dass in den Ankerkasten 10 eingeleitete Kräfte nach Umleitung in die Quertraversen 50 eine Krafteinleitung in die Ankerstäbe 20 zur Folge hat. Aufgrund dieser Kraftumleitung können jedoch Spannungsüberhöhungen insbesondere in dem Bereich des Anbringungsbereichs 55 auftreten, die bei starker Belastung ein Versagen der gesamten Fundamentverankerung 1 verursachen können. Diese Schwachstelle versucht die vorliegende Erfindung aufgrund der gewählten Anordnung vorteilhaft zu vermeiden.To anchor the foundation anchor 1 in the
Die gezeigte Ausführungsform der Fundamentverankerung 1 umfasst vier Ankermuffen 15, die einen hexagonalen äußeren Querschnitt aufweisen. Die Ankermuffen 15 können geeignet in die in den seitlichen Wandungen 11 vorgesehenen Aussparungen 14 eingesetzt werden, so dass ein räumliches Einrücken hin zur mittig angeordneten Lastachse des Systems erreicht werden kann. Ausführungsgemäß werden die Ankermuffen 15 jeweils seitlich durch eine Schweißnaht mit jeweils einer seitlichen Wandung 11 verschweißt.The illustrated embodiment of the foundation anchor 1 comprises four
Weiter umfasst die erfindungsgemäße Fundamentverankerung 1 vier Abschlussmuffen 27, die endständig, auf der dem Ankerkasten 10 gegenüberliegenden Seite der Ankerstäbe 20 mit diesen verschraubt werden können.Further, the foundation anchorage according to the invention 1 comprises four
Zusätzlich weist die Fundamentverankerung 1 vier Abschlussplatten 26 auf, die ebenfalls endständig die Ankerstäbe 20 abschließen. Ausführungsgemäß sind die Abschlussmuffen 27 mit jeweils einer Abschlussplatte 26 verschweißt, und auf dem dem Ankerkasten 10 gegenüberliegenden Ende eines Ankerstabes 20 mit diesem verschraubt.In addition, the foundation anchorage 1 four
Der von dem Ankerkasten 10 umfasste Befestigungsabschnitt 30 umfasst die Kalottenscheibe 35 mit der Kalottenmutter 36. Die Kalottenmutter 36 weist einen konischen bzw. teilkugelförmigen Zentrierabschnitt 37 auf, der in eine nicht weiter gezeigte Vertiefung 38 in der Kalottenscheibe 35 eingreift, wobei beide Bauteile winklig gegeneinander angestellt werden können. Bei einer winkligen Anstellung der Kalottenmutter 36 gegen die Kalottenscheibe 35 wird ein Presskontakt zwischen der Oberfläche des Zentrierabschnitts 37 und der Oberfläche der Vertiefung 38 ausgebildet, der für eine geeignete kraftschlüssige Kraftleitung sorgt. Bei vollständig erfolgter Verschraubung eines Befestigungsbolzens in der Kalottenmutter 36 drückt die zu der Kopfplatte 12 weisende Fläche der Kalottenscheibe 35 gegen die Kopfplatte 12. Dadurch wird ebenfalls eine kraftschlüssige Kraftleitung gewährleistet.The
Wie in
Bei Druck übertragender Befestigung eines Befestigungsbolzens 110 in der Kalottenmutter 36 wird der Pressdruck von der Kalottenmutter 36 auf die Kalottenscheibe 35 und anschließend auf die Kopfplatte 12 übertragen. Aufgrund der Befestigung der Kopfplatte 12 an den seitlichen Wandungen 11 erfolgt eine Kraftübertragung in die seitlichen Wandungen 11, welche sich in der vorliegenden Darstellung senkrecht nach unten zu den Ankerstäben 20 fortsetzt.When pressure transmitting attachment of a
Um einen horizontalen Verschub ausgleichen zu können, sind die Kalottenmutter 36 sowie die Kalottenscheibe 35 in dem Ankerkasten 10 verschiebbar angeordnet. Gleichzeitig weist die Öffnung der Kopfplatte 12 einen ausreichend großen Durchmesser auf, so dass eine Verschiebung eines die Kopfplatte 12 durchdringenden Bolzens nicht gehindert wird. Die Größe der Öffnung in der Kopfplatte 12 kann den maximalen seitlichen Verschub bestimmen.In order to compensate for a horizontal displacement, the
Die an dem Ankerkasten 10 angebrachten Ankermuffen 15 sind ausführungsgemäß in Aussparungen 14 eingesetzt, wodurch ein Versatz hin zur Lastachse L erreicht wird. Folglich ist es auch möglich, die Ausrichtung der seitlichen Wandungen 11 mit der Längenausdehnung der Ankerstäbe 20 geeignet einzustellen. Gemäß der vorliegenden Ausführungsform sind die Ankerstäbe 20 im Wesentlichen parallel zu den Flächen der seitlichen Wandungen 11 angeordnet. Weiter ist lediglich ein geringer Versatz der Längsausdehnungsrichtung der Ankerstäbe 20 in Bezug auf die Ebenen der seitlichen Wandungen 11 vorgesehen. Dieser Versatz kann ausführungsgemäß auch im Wesentlichen Null sein. Aufgrund dieser Anordnung können die durch die seitlichen Wandungen 11 übertragenen Kräfte im Wesentlichen linear ohne Ausbildung von Biegespannungen in die Ankermuffen 15 und nachfolgend in die Ankerstäbe 20 eingeleitet werden. Die Ankerstäbe 20 weisen zur Verankerung in dem Betonfundament 20 geeignet ausgeformte Gewinderippen 25 auf, in deren Gewindegänge der Beton des Betonfundaments 2 eingreift.The attached to the
Weitere Ausführungsformen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen. Further embodiments emerge from the subclaims.
Claims (15)
- Foundation anchor (1) for non-positively anchoring an industrial-scale machine (100) in a concrete foundation (2) comprising an anchor box (10) having at least one side wall (11), and a number of anchor rods (20) attached to the anchor box (10), wherein the anchor box (10) has a fastening section (30) for fastening the industrial-scale machine (100) by means of fastening bolts (110), wherein the anchor rods (20) are connected to the at least one side wall (11) in such a way that forces are distributed from the at least one wall (11) into the number of anchor rods (20) essentially linearly along the axis of longitudinal extent of the anchor rods (20), wherein the anchor rods (20) are connected to the at least one side wall (11) via anchor sockets (15).
- Foundation anchor according to Claim 1, characterized in that the anchor rods (20) are arranged on the anchor box (10) symmetrically with respect to the load axis of the foundation anchor (1).
- Foundation anchor according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the anchor sockets (15) are welded to the at least one side wall (11) in such a way that a connecting line through the weld seams of the anchor socket (15), running perpendicularly to the longitudinal extent of an anchor socket (15), runs through the center of gravity of the anchor socket (15) in a cross-section through the longitudinal extent of the anchor socket (15).
- Foundation anchor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one side wall (11) has a recess (14) for receiving an anchor rod (20) or for receiving an anchor socket (15).
- Foundation anchor according to Claim 4, characterized in that the anchor socket (15) is inserted into the recess (14) of the side wall (11) in such a way that a spatial indentation toward the centrally arranged load axis of the foundation anchor is achieved.
- Foundation anchor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anchor box (10) comprises a head plate (12) which is rigidly connected to the at least one side wall (11) and allows the force distributed into the fastening section (30) to be transmitted to the at least one side wall (11).
- Foundation anchor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fastening section (30) has a domed washer (35) and a domed nut (36) into which the fastening bolt (110) can be screwed in order to fasten the industrial-scale machine (100).
- Foundation anchor according to Claim 7, characterized in that the domed nut (36) has a raised centering section (37) which engages in a depression (38) in the domed washer (35) in such a way that the two components can be positioned against each other at an angle with pressure contact.
- Foundation anchor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the domed washer (35) and the domed nut (36) are held by the anchor box (10) and can be displaced against the at least one side wall (11) perpendicularly to the anchor box (10), in particular can be displaced by at least 20 mm, preferably by at least 25 mm.
- Foundation anchor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anchor rods (20) have threaded ribs (25) over at least part of their longitudinal extent, preferably over the entire length of their longitudinal extent.
- Foundation anchor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anchor rods (20) are in each case closed off at their ends by a closing plate (26) at the side opposite the anchor box (10).
- Foundation anchor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the foundation anchor (1) has a performance weight of at least 10 kN/kg, preferably of at least 13 kN/kg, and most particularly preferably of 15 kN/kg.
- Bond between a foundation anchor (1) for non-positively anchoring an industrial-scale machine (100) according to one of the preceding claims and a concrete foundation (2) in which the foundation anchor (1) is embedded, wherein the foundation anchor (1) is embedded in the concrete foundation (2) in such a way that the anchor box (10) is surrounded at least largely by concrete and the anchor rods (20) are surrounded completely.
- Bond according to Claim 13, characterized in that the foundation anchor (1) is designed to absorb forces of at least 2000 kN and preferably of at least 2500 kN, and to distribute them into the concrete foundation (2), with no damage being incurred.
- Bond according to Claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the gaps between the anchor box (10) and the concrete foundation (2) are filled with a low-shrinkage grout.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL13720840T PL2847390T3 (en) | 2012-05-15 | 2013-04-24 | Foundation for machines |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102012208114 | 2012-05-15 | ||
PCT/EP2013/058421 WO2013171040A1 (en) | 2012-05-15 | 2013-04-24 | Foundation anchor for industrial-scale machines |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2847390A1 EP2847390A1 (en) | 2015-03-18 |
EP2847390B1 true EP2847390B1 (en) | 2016-09-28 |
Family
ID=48325619
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13720840.1A Active EP2847390B1 (en) | 2012-05-15 | 2013-04-24 | Foundation for machines |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9273459B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2847390B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6150883B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101602595B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN104285012B (en) |
ES (1) | ES2609453T3 (en) |
PL (1) | PL2847390T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013171040A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
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GB2534934B (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2017-06-07 | J K H Drainage Units Ltd | Foundation assembly |
CN104695438A (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2015-06-10 | 淮安信息职业技术学院 | Ground anchor pull rod structure and machining method thereof |
DE102015004828A1 (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2016-10-20 | Liebherr-Werk Biberach Gmbh | Foundation anchoring for working machine |
WO2016187615A1 (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2016-11-24 | New Generation Steel Foundations, LLC | Foundation anchor |
CN105114100B (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2018-02-09 | 同济大学 | The corner angle strenthening member of duct pieces of shield tunnel and its application method |
CN109305391B (en) * | 2018-08-08 | 2021-12-21 | 上海宇航系统工程研究所 | Compression release mechanism and method thereof |
CN110528380B (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2024-04-12 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Anchor box capable of self-adapting to angle of suspender |
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DE4139387A1 (en) * | 1991-11-29 | 1993-06-03 | Asea Brown Boveri | ARRANGEMENT FOR FASTENING A MACHINE PART ON A FOUNDATION |
SE9302126L (en) * | 1993-06-18 | 1994-04-11 | Dekont Teknik Ab | In case of collision, comply with the pole arrangement with pole foot |
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-
2013
- 2013-04-24 CN CN201380024028.2A patent/CN104285012B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-04-24 EP EP13720840.1A patent/EP2847390B1/en active Active
- 2013-04-24 US US14/400,590 patent/US9273459B2/en active Active
- 2013-04-24 PL PL13720840T patent/PL2847390T3/en unknown
- 2013-04-24 JP JP2015511973A patent/JP6150883B2/en active Active
- 2013-04-24 WO PCT/EP2013/058421 patent/WO2013171040A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-04-24 ES ES13720840.1T patent/ES2609453T3/en active Active
- 2013-04-24 KR KR1020147033167A patent/KR101602595B1/en active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN104285012A (en) | 2015-01-14 |
ES2609453T3 (en) | 2017-04-20 |
JP6150883B2 (en) | 2017-06-21 |
KR101602595B1 (en) | 2016-03-10 |
US20150128513A1 (en) | 2015-05-14 |
WO2013171040A1 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
CN104285012B (en) | 2016-06-01 |
EP2847390A1 (en) | 2015-03-18 |
PL2847390T3 (en) | 2017-05-31 |
US9273459B2 (en) | 2016-03-01 |
JP2015516524A (en) | 2015-06-11 |
KR20140142753A (en) | 2014-12-12 |
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