EP2725155B1 - System to connect a first and a second component in the angle of a rigid frame - Google Patents
System to connect a first and a second component in the angle of a rigid frame Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2725155B1 EP2725155B1 EP13005055.2A EP13005055A EP2725155B1 EP 2725155 B1 EP2725155 B1 EP 2725155B1 EP 13005055 A EP13005055 A EP 13005055A EP 2725155 B1 EP2725155 B1 EP 2725155B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- connecting plates
- rotation
- friction
- connection
- component
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
- E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
- E04B1/2403—Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
- E04B2001/2439—Adjustable connections, e.g. using elongated slots or threaded adjustment elements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/45—Flexibly connected rigid members
Definitions
- the invention relates to a system for connecting a first component and a second component to form a rigid frame corner.
- the system is intended in particular for use on or in buildings, in particular buildings that are located in seismic areas.
- the DD 290 464 A5 relates to a mechanical damping element for vibrations that occur in earthquake-prone areas between a foundation and an object located thereon.
- a base plate is provided, on which arranged at the corner points of the object steel balls can move horizontally, which are surrounded in the directions of movement of resilient material.
- the steel balls are free of the elastic-plastic material.
- the DE 34 02 449 C2 relates to a device for vibration damping tower-like structures with a suspended on a Krag hypo the building for carrying out spatial oscillations pendulum with a pendulum rod, the lower end pierces loose in an upwardly open cavity of a friction weight.
- the friction weight is composed of a plurality of unconnected stacked disc-shaped friction plates whose outer diameter increases from the upper to the lower plate.
- the bottom plate is slidably mounted on a floor, the cavity is formed by concentric holes in the friction plates, wherein the hole diameter becomes progressively larger from the upper to the lower friction plate.
- the DE 43 05 132 C1 relates to a friction damper for securing structures against dynamic effects with at least two superimposed, touching curved contact surfaces friction discs which are in alternating sequence with a first or second of two Reibungsdämpferan somebodyn in combination.
- a biasing means for the superimposed friction discs is provided.
- the DE 10 2007 051 285 A1 relates to a mounting bracket having a first and a second mounting leg, which are interconnected via a deformation element, so that the first mounting leg is displaceable to the second mounting leg under deformation of the deformation element.
- the EP 1 170 429 A1 relates to a reinforcing holder against vibration with a base part formed by twisting and bending both end parts of a plate in one direction. Attachment pieces are thereby formed on the reinforcement holder. Absorbent parts, which have a rubber elasticity, are provided, over which the base part is fixed to structural components.
- the EP 1 164 225 A1 relates to a metal fitting against vibration with an L-shaped base part which is formed by bending a plate and formed with bent and projecting parts which are bent in at intermediate portions of both parts inwardly.
- a reinforcing member is formed by bending a plate and placed in contact with a bent part of the L-shaped base part.
- Absorbent parts made of a rubber material are arranged at different locations of the L-shaped base part.
- the DE 10 2010 001 144 A1 relates to a mechanical connection component with a sensor layer arranged on a surface, which is designed to change a readable property independently of a force acting on the mechanical connection component.
- a wireless interface is provided, which is designed to enable wireless acquisition of the information in dependence on the electrically readable property, the information describing a mechanical loading of the connection component.
- the US 1,787,164 A describes a connection part for rafters on a roof frame with similar parts which are connected to each other via a hinge. At each similar part of a mounting sheet is fastened via a bolt in through holes. Surrounding the bore, a slot is arranged in the part, which is formed corresponding to holes in the blade part. The holes are positioned in the end areas of the slots.
- the US 2008/0289267 A1 relates to a structure for earthquake-adapted construction of structures having the features of the preamble of claim 1.
- Two plates are interconnected by a bolt arrangement extending through the connection plates.
- the bolt assembly provides resistance to shear forces and forms an axis of rotation.
- External holes in the form of oblong holes and holes are arranged in a circle around the bore and dimensioned such that a rotation about a defined angle of rotation about the axis of rotation is possible.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a system with which it is possible to provide a high level of safety and effectiveness for structures with simple installation.
- the system according to the invention for connecting a first component and a second component for forming a rigid frame corner with a first connection plate arranged on the first component and a second connection plate arranged on the second component provides that in each case a first bore is formed in the connection plates a bolt element is introduced for forming a defined axis of rotation, that in the connecting plates further, correspondingly arranged recesses are formed, in which at least one screw is arranged, which clamps the connecting plates against each other and that the further recesses and the at least one screw are dimensioned, that a rotation about the axis of rotation about a defined angle of rotation is possible, wherein the course of the friction coefficient is stepped over the angle of rotation.
- Structural components in buildings such as posts and bars are often made of wood or metal.
- Wood has an extremely high load-bearing capacity in relation to its mass, so that support structures with a low dead weight are possible. This low weight is particularly advantageous if the building is made to vibrate during earthquakes by suggestions from the ground. If the construction of buildings is then provided with a very high rigidity and the building still has a large mass, very high stresses occur, which often leads to a failure of the construction with a low dissipation potential of the materials to lead. Due to the low plastic deformability, the potential for dissipation in wood constructions lies less in the wood itself than in the nodes, ie in the connections of the individual components.
- connecting plates are formed on the individual components, preferably designed as steel plates and arranged at the ends of the respective components and that in these connecting plates to ensure exact positioning of the components to each other and sufficient transferability of static loads each have a first bore is formed, in which a matching bolt element is inserted.
- the bolt element serves for the secure and exact positioning of the connecting plates relative to one another and at the same time serves as an axis of rotation about which the components can pivot.
- connection plates further or second, correspondingly arranged recesses are arranged, for example, cutouts, punched or the like, which in the mounted state, ie in the state in which the two connection plates abut each other, at least partially overlap each other, so that through both recesses or more Recesses through at least one screw can be arranged, via which the two connection plates can be braced against each other.
- These second or further recesses are dimensioned such that a rotation around the axis of rotation, which is defined by the bolt element in the first holes, by a defined angle of rotation is possible.
- connection principle of the system is thus initially based on a rotatable coupling of two components and their definition to each other initially by friction, which is generated by the prestressed, preferably high-strength screws between the two connecting plates, which are preferably made of steel.
- the power and torque transmission of the predominantly static loads is thus initially on the friction between the two connecting plates, with a linear-elastic deformation is present at a power or torque increase.
- the energy dissipation takes place within the components and the connecting plates, a displacement of the connecting plates to each other does not yet take place.
- the inner diameter of the first holes and the outer diameter of the bolt element correspond to each other, a transition fit, a fit with a small clearance or a snug fit of the bolt element within the first recesses is desirable.
- the dimensions of the bolt element and the first holes are to be chosen so that an assembly of the components on site, ie on the construction site, and a fundamental rotatability about the axis of rotation formed by the bolt element is possible.
- a small game which depends on the dimensions of the holes and the bolt element, be present, a relevant lateral displacement in the plane of the connecting plates should not be possible.
- the game can be up to 1 mm for large bolt and bore diameters.
- the first bore as well as the bolt element are round.
- the inner diameter of the corresponding further recesses are larger than the outer diameter of the screws, by which the connecting plates are braced against each other to a rotation allow the connecting plates relative to each other when the static friction is exceeded. It is not necessary that the inner diameter of the two further or second recesses is greater than the outer diameter of the screws, but can also be formed in a connecting plate, a further recess in the inner diameter corresponding to or matching the outer diameter of the screw, while only the corresponding recess larger in the second connection plate.
- one or both further recesses have a slot design and, for example, a curved shape which corresponds to the intended rotation path of the two components relative to one another. This makes it possible to ensure a kind of guidance of the rotation of both components by the clamping screws.
- the maximum angle of rotation of the two components relative to one another is defined until the material deformation occurs due to the direct contact of the edges of the recesses with the screws. This defines the range and path of sliding friction between the connecting plates for energy dissipation.
- the connecting plates can be roughened on the surfaces facing each other or provided with regular unevenness, so that in the mounted state, a defined coefficient of friction between the two superimposed surfaces is realized.
- the aim is that the contact surfaces of the connecting plates have a permanently defined coefficient of friction, so over the life of the building a safe construction and a stable structure can be realized.
- the clamping screws are preferably tightened with such a high torque that the static friction between the connecting plates is sufficiently large to reduce the static and dynamic forces during normal use of a building catch. Only at extremely high loads, such as storms or earthquakes, the static friction forces are exceeded.
- the material strength of the screws and the bolt elements against shear forces is greater than the applied static friction, so that it is possible to provide a safety margin in the connection of the two components after the phase of sliding friction.
- a development of the invention provides that a sensor device is provided for monitoring the pressure load between the connection plates, so that the pressure on the contact surfaces of the connection plates can be permanently controlled and that over the useful life of the connection sufficient and defined static friction between the connection plates is present ,
- the sensor devices may be formed as disks, for example as washers between the connection plates or under the screws. Furthermore, it is possible that a transmission element of the sensor device or the discs may be assigned, with which it is possible to measure without expensive equipment, the pressure force between the connection plates and retighten the screws only in the case of falling below a limit.
- the transmission device can be wireless, for example via a radio element or an RFID transmission or via a cable or another signal conductor.
- a transponder can be arranged in the sensor device, so that during and after the screwing of the connection plates on the one hand it is possible to achieve a well-defined bias and, moreover, in the course of using the connection system to be able to control whether the bias is still present.
- Identifiers can be assigned to the individual disks or sensor devices, so that it can be exactly determined which screw connection has which torque and which static friction on which Position is realized between the connection plates.
- a first component 1 is shown from a wooden beam 11 with a connection plate 12 embedded therein.
- the wooden beam 11 and the connecting plate 12 may be screwed together, the connecting plate 12 is preferably made of a steel or other high-strength material, which is connectable to the beam 11.
- To connect the connecting plate 12 with the wooden beam 11 is in the wooden beam 11 is preferably incorporated a slot into which the connecting plate 12 is inserted, via conventional dowels, optionally in conjunction with adhesives or other fasteners, the connecting plate 12 is firmly and permanently connected to the beam 11.
- a corresponding fastening takes place on a second component 2, which likewise has a wooden beam 21 with a second connecting plate 22 fastened therein or thereto.
- connection plates 12, 22 can be used as posts and bars, such as metal, plastic, concrete or the like.
- An attachment of the connecting plates 12, 22 to the respective carriers 11, 21 takes place in accordance with the materials and the appropriate connection technology.
- the first bore 13 has a diameter which is smaller than the diameter of the circular recesses 14.
- a corresponding first bore 23 and correspondingly arranged second or further recesses 24 are arranged.
- connection plate 22 is designed to be larger than the first connection plate 12, which protrudes beyond the longitudinal extension of the first carrier 11 at the end face.
- FIG. 3 the two components 1, 2 are shown in the assembled state.
- the two first holes 13, 23 are aligned with each other.
- a bolt element 3 is passed, the outer diameter of which corresponds to the inner diameter of the bores 13, 23 substantially, wherein the dimensions are chosen so that a mountability, twistability and simultaneous exact positioning of the connecting plates is given to each other.
- a defined rotation axis for the two connecting plates 12, 22 and thus also for the two components 1, 2 relative to one another is formed around the bolt element 3.
- a sensor device 5 is arranged for determining the pressure force, so that it can be permanently monitored, with which force the two connecting plates 12, 22 are braced against each other.
- the contacting surfaces of the connecting plates 11, 12 are provided with a surface having a defined coefficient of friction. This can be achieved by a special coating or shaping of the surface, for example, by a surface treatment by forming or separating, for example by cutting processes.
- the surfaces of the connecting plates 12, 22 may be with regular bumps be equipped to provide a defined coefficient of friction can.
- the surface shape is such that with increasing angle of rotation about the axis of rotation, which coincides with the central axis of the bolt element 3, the friction coefficient increases, so that at low loads, a rotation of the two components 1, 2 to each other after exceeding a limit load , to which the static friction holds the two components 1, 2 in position, allows, at a magnifying load beyond the limit value, the moment of resistance increases and only upon reaching the maximum deflection on the Gleitreibungs Scheme a material deformation in the screws 4 and the bolt element 3 occurs.
- the sensor elements 5 are formed in the illustrated embodiment as washers under the screw head and the nut of the clamping screws 4 and can be equipped with a transponder or other transmission device, so that wireless monitoring of the applied pressure force at the respective screw is possible, in principle it is possible to arrange the discs between the connecting plates 12, 22. If, over time, the compressive force ceases or is reduced due to jarring or seating, the tensioning screw 4 can be further biased to maintain the desired pressure of the contact surfaces of the connection plates 12, 22 against each other permanently and in a defined manner.
- the first holes 13, 23 define the axis of rotation and the position the components 1, 2 to each other, the further recesses 14, 24 allow a displacement about the axis of rotation and a clamping of the connecting plates 12, 22 to each other via clamping screws 4, so that a secure connection of the component 1, 2 can be achieved under normal load, However, in earthquakes, a displacement is made possible relative to each other about the axis of rotation without the connection collapsing.
- connection plate 12 of the first component 1 has, in addition to the bore 13, two round recesses 14 with an enlarged diameter relative to the bore 13, the second connection plate 22 has a first bore 23 with a diameter identical to the diameter of the first bore 13 first connecting plate 12, the two further recesses 24 are formed as slots, wherein the central recess 24 has a smaller length than the left recess 24.
- FIG. 5b are the holes 13, 23 and recesses 14, 24 mirror-inverted to the arrangement according to FIG. 5a formed so that the corresponding holes 13, 23 are arranged at the left end of the row of recesses 14.
- the bore 13 is arranged centrally between symmetrically arranged recesses 14, 24, the recesses 14 of the first connecting plate 12 are designed as circular holes, the recesses 24 of the second connecting plate as slots of the same length.
- FIG. 5d corresponds to the FIG. 5c wherein the recesses 24 of the second connecting plate 22 are formed as circular recesses whose size corresponds to those of the first connecting plate 13.
- FIGS. 6a to 6d the different displacement possibilities of the components 1, 2 are shown, wherein the configuration of the connecting plates 12, 22 which the Figures 5 with the same numbering.
- FIG. 6a It can be seen that starting from the basic position, in which the carriers 11, 21 of the components 1, 2 are perpendicular to each other, can be pivoted relatively far upwards, since the left recess 24 as a slot a correspondingly large displacement of the second component 2 after allows up. In the FIG. 6b the possibility of displacement is given in a different direction.
- FIG. 6d is due to the symmetrical configuration of the circular recesses 14, 24 and the central arrangement of the bores 13, 23 also a symmetrical displacement about the starting position possible, but in comparison to FIG. 6c to a lesser extent.
- FIG. 7 a diagram is shown showing the transmittable moment about the rotation.
- a first phase I the connection of the two components 1, 2 is linear-elastic stiff until the static friction is exceeded.
- phase II a pronounced area of sliding friction occurs, which is nearly linear.
- the breaking point of the screws 4 is dimensioned so that it is below the strength of the carrier material, the breaking strength of the bolt elements 3 may be greater than that of the screws 4, so that after the breakage of the screws 4 further deformation of the building and the frame corner possible is to be able to make another energy dissipation without loss of structural integrity.
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- Architecture (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
- Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
- Connection Of Plates (AREA)
- Vibration Dampers (AREA)
- Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein System zum Verbinden einer ersten Komponente und einer zweiten Komponente zur Ausbildung eines biegesteifen Rahmenecks. Das System ist insbesondere zur Anwendung an oder in Gebäuden vorgesehen, insbesondere Gebäuden, die in Erdbebengebieten stehen.The invention relates to a system for connecting a first component and a second component to form a rigid frame corner. The system is intended in particular for use on or in buildings, in particular buildings that are located in seismic areas.
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Bei Rahmen mit sogenannten biegesteifen Rahmenecken in den Rahmenecken müssen sämtliche horizontale Lasten aufgenommen und weitergeleitet werden. Die Verbindung zwischen den sogenannten Pfosten und Riegeln müssen somit einerseits eine sehr hohe Steifigkeit aufweisen, damit das Bauwerk nicht schon bei Wind übermäßig in Schwingungen versetzt werden kann, andererseits muss die Verbindung auch so große Verformungen ermöglichen, dass im Erdbebenfall kein Versagen eintritt, also die biegesteife Rahmenecke nicht kollabiert. Werden biegesteife Rahmenecken eingesetzt, haben diese gegenüber aussteifenden Scheiben den großen Vorteil, dass eine freie und variable Grundrissnutzung ermöglicht wird.For frames with so-called rigid frame corners in the frame corners, all horizontal loads must be picked up and forwarded. The connection between the so-called posts and bars must thus on the one hand have a very high rigidity, so that the building is not already On the other hand, the connection must also allow so great deformations that in case of earthquake no failure occurs, so the rigid frame corner does not collapse. If rigid framework corners are used, they have the great advantage over stiffening disks, which allows free and variable ground plan usage.
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Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein System bereitzustellen, mit dem es möglich ist, bei einfacher Montage eine hohe Sicherheit und Effektivität für Bauwerke bereitzustellen.The object of the present invention is to provide a system with which it is possible to provide a high level of safety and effectiveness for structures with simple installation.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch ein System mit den Merkmalen des Hauptanspruches 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen, der Beschreibung sowie den Figuren aufgeführt.According to the invention this object is achieved by a system having the features of the main claim 1. Advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention are set forth in the subclaims, the description and the figures.
Das erfindungsgemäße System zum Verbinden einer ersten Komponente und einer zweiten Komponente zur Ausbildung eines biegesteifen Rahmenecks mit einer an der ersten Komponente angeordneten ersten Verbindungsplatte und einer an der zweiten Komponente angeordneten zweiten Verbindungsplatte sieht vor, dass in den Verbindungsplatten jeweils eine erste Bohrung ausgebildet ist, in der ein Bolzenelement zur Ausbildung einer definierten Drehachse eingeführt ist, dass in den Verbindungsplatten weitere, korrespondierend angeordnete Ausnehmungen ausgebildet sind, in denen zumindest eine Schraube angeordnet ist, die die Verbindungsplatten gegeneinander verspannt und dass die weiteren Ausnehmungen und die zumindest eine Schraube so dimensioniert sind, dass eine Verdrehung um die Drehachse um einen definierten Drehwinkel möglich ist, wobei der Verlauf des Reibkoeffizienten über den Drehwinkel abgestuft ist.The system according to the invention for connecting a first component and a second component for forming a rigid frame corner with a first connection plate arranged on the first component and a second connection plate arranged on the second component provides that in each case a first bore is formed in the connection plates a bolt element is introduced for forming a defined axis of rotation, that in the connecting plates further, correspondingly arranged recesses are formed, in which at least one screw is arranged, which clamps the connecting plates against each other and that the further recesses and the at least one screw are dimensioned, that a rotation about the axis of rotation about a defined angle of rotation is possible, wherein the course of the friction coefficient is stepped over the angle of rotation.
Strukturbauteile in Gebäuden wie Pfosten und Riegel werden häufig aus Holz oder Metall gefertigt. Holz hat bezogen auf seine Masse eine außerordentlich hohe Tragfähigkeit, so dass Tragstrukturen mit einem geringen Eigengewicht möglich sind. Dieses geringe Eigengewicht ist insbesondere dann von Vorteil, wenn das Gebäude bei Erdbeben durch Anregungen aus dem Baugrund zum Schwingen gebracht wird. Ist die Konstruktion von Bauwerken dann mit einer sehr hohen Steifigkeit versehen und verfügt das Gebäude noch über eine große Masse, treten sehr große Beanspruchungen auf, die bei einem geringen Dissipationspotenzial der Materialien häufig zu einem Versagen der Konstruktion führen. Das Dissipationspotential bei Holzkonstruktionen liegt aufgrund der geringen plastischen Verformbarkeit weniger im Holz selbst als vielmehr in den Knotenpunkten, also in den Verbindungen der einzelnen Komponenten. Erfindungsgemäß ist es vorgesehen, dass Verbindungsplatten an den einzelnen Komponenten ausgebildet sind, vorzugsweise als Stahlplatten ausgeführt und an den Enden der jeweiligen Komponenten angeordnet sind und dass in diesen Verbindungsplatten zur Sicherstellung einer exakten Positionierung der Komponenten zueinander und einer ausreichenden Übertragbarkeit statischer Belastungen jeweils eine erste Bohrung ausgebildet ist, in die ein passendes Bolzenelement eingeführt ist. Das Bolzenelement dient zur sicheren und exakten Positionierung der Verbindungsplatten zueinander und dient gleichzeitig als Drehachse, um die die Komponenten verschwenken können. In den Verbindungsplatten sind weitere oder zweite, korrespondierend angeordnete Ausnehmungen angeordnet, beispielsweise Ausfräsungen, Ausstanzungen oder dergleichen, die im montierten Zustand, also in dem Zustand, in dem die beiden Verbindungsplatten aneinander anliegen, zumindest teilweise einander überdecken, so dass durch beide Ausnehmungen oder weitere Ausnehmungen hindurch zumindest eine Schraube angeordnet werden kann, über die die beiden Verbindungsplatten gegeneinander verspannt werden können. Diese zweiten oder weiteren Ausnehmungen sind dabei so dimensioniert, dass eine Verdrehung um die Drehachse, die durch das Bolzenelement in den ersten Bohrungen definiert wird, um einen definierten Drehwinkel möglich ist. Das Verbindungsprinzip des Systems beruht somit zunächst auf einer drehbaren Koppelung zweier Komponenten und deren Festlegung zueinander zunächst über Reibung, die durch die vorgespannten, vorzugsweise hochfesten Schrauben zwischen den beiden Verbindungsplatten, die vorzugsweise aus Stahl bestehen, erzeugt wird. Die Kraft- und Momentenübertragung der vorwiegend ruhenden Lasten erfolgt somit zunächst über die Reibung zwischen den beiden Verbindungsplatten, wobei eine linear-elastische Verformung bei einer Kraft- oder Momentenerhöhung vorhanden ist. Die Energiedissipation findet innerhalb der Komponenten und der Verbindungsplatten statt, eine Verlagerung der Verbindungsplatten zueinander findet noch nicht statt. Erst wenn die Belastung so groß wird, dass die Haftreibung überschritten wird, erfolgt die Energiedissipation durch Gleitreibung, bei der die Verbindungsplatten gegeneinander um die durch das Bolzenelement definierte Drehachse verdreht werden. Die Verdrehung ist dabei nur in dem durch die Abmessungen oder Formgebung der weiteren Ausnehmungen definiert. Je größer die Ausnehmung im Vergleich zu den Spannschrauben sind, desto größer kann die Verlagerung sein, bis die Verbindungsplatten und die Spannschrauben an den Rändern der weiteren Ausnehmungen in unmittelbaren Kontakt treten. Bis zu diesem Kontakt ist die Verbindung der beiden Komponenten noch frei von plastischen Materialverformungen oder plastischen Schädigungen. Werden die Verformungen weiterhin größer, werden zusätzlich Lochleibungskräfte aktiviert, um die Verbindung aufrecht zu erhalten, die Lochleibungskräfte werden durch das Bolzenelement ebenso wie die Spannschrauben in den jeweiligen Ausnehmungen aufgenommen.Structural components in buildings such as posts and bars are often made of wood or metal. Wood has an extremely high load-bearing capacity in relation to its mass, so that support structures with a low dead weight are possible. This low weight is particularly advantageous if the building is made to vibrate during earthquakes by suggestions from the ground. If the construction of buildings is then provided with a very high rigidity and the building still has a large mass, very high stresses occur, which often leads to a failure of the construction with a low dissipation potential of the materials to lead. Due to the low plastic deformability, the potential for dissipation in wood constructions lies less in the wood itself than in the nodes, ie in the connections of the individual components. According to the invention it is provided that connecting plates are formed on the individual components, preferably designed as steel plates and arranged at the ends of the respective components and that in these connecting plates to ensure exact positioning of the components to each other and sufficient transferability of static loads each have a first bore is formed, in which a matching bolt element is inserted. The bolt element serves for the secure and exact positioning of the connecting plates relative to one another and at the same time serves as an axis of rotation about which the components can pivot. In the connection plates further or second, correspondingly arranged recesses are arranged, for example, cutouts, punched or the like, which in the mounted state, ie in the state in which the two connection plates abut each other, at least partially overlap each other, so that through both recesses or more Recesses through at least one screw can be arranged, via which the two connection plates can be braced against each other. These second or further recesses are dimensioned such that a rotation around the axis of rotation, which is defined by the bolt element in the first holes, by a defined angle of rotation is possible. The connection principle of the system is thus initially based on a rotatable coupling of two components and their definition to each other initially by friction, which is generated by the prestressed, preferably high-strength screws between the two connecting plates, which are preferably made of steel. The power and torque transmission of the predominantly static loads is thus initially on the friction between the two connecting plates, with a linear-elastic deformation is present at a power or torque increase. The energy dissipation takes place within the components and the connecting plates, a displacement of the connecting plates to each other does not yet take place. Only when the load is so becomes large, that the static friction is exceeded, the energy dissipation takes place by sliding friction, in which the connecting plates are rotated against each other about the axis of rotation defined by the bolt member. The rotation is defined only in that by the dimensions or shape of the other recesses. The larger the recess compared to the clamping screws, the greater the displacement can be until the connecting plates and the clamping screws come into direct contact at the edges of the other recesses. Up to this contact, the connection of the two components is still free of plastic material deformations or plastic damage. If the deformations continue to increase, additional bearing forces are activated in order to maintain the connection, the bearing forces are absorbed by the bolt element as well as the clamping screws in the respective recesses.
Um eine möglichst exakte Führung der Verbindungsplatten relativ zueinander zu ermöglichen, entsprechen der Innendurchmesser der ersten Bohrungen und der Außendurchmesser des Bolzenelementes einander, eine Übergangspassung, eine Passung mit einem geringen Spiel oder ein Passsitz des Bolzenelementes innerhalb der ersten Ausnehmungen ist anzustreben. Die Abmessungen des Bolzenelementes und der ersten Bohrungen sind dabei so zu wählen, dass eine Montage der Komponenten vor Ort, also auf der Baustelle, und eine grundsätzliche Verdrehbarkeit um die durch das Bolzenelement gebildete Drehachse möglich ist. Dazu kann ein geringes Spiel, das sich nach den Abmessungen der Bohrungen und des Bolzenelementes richtet, vorhanden sein, eine relevante seitliche Verschiebung in der Ebene der Verbindungsplatten soll nicht möglich sein. Das Spiel kann bei großen Bolzen- und Bohrungsdurchmessern durchaus bis zu 1 mm betragen. Vorteilhafterweise sind die erste Bohrung ebenso wie das Bolzenelement rund ausgebildet.To allow the most accurate possible guidance of the connecting plates relative to each other, the inner diameter of the first holes and the outer diameter of the bolt element correspond to each other, a transition fit, a fit with a small clearance or a snug fit of the bolt element within the first recesses is desirable. The dimensions of the bolt element and the first holes are to be chosen so that an assembly of the components on site, ie on the construction site, and a fundamental rotatability about the axis of rotation formed by the bolt element is possible. For this purpose, a small game, which depends on the dimensions of the holes and the bolt element, be present, a relevant lateral displacement in the plane of the connecting plates should not be possible. The game can be up to 1 mm for large bolt and bore diameters. Advantageously, the first bore as well as the bolt element are round.
Die Innendurchmesser der korrespondierenden weiteren Ausnehmungen sind größer als der Außendurchmesser der Schrauben, durch die die Verbindungsplatten gegeneinander verspannt werden, um eine Verdrehung der Verbindungsplatten relativ zueinander bei Überschreiten der Haftreibung zuzulassen. Dabei ist es nicht notwendig, dass der Innendurchmesser von beiden weiteren oder zweiten Ausnehmungen größer als der Außendurchmesser der Schrauben ist, vielmehr kann auch in einer Verbindungsplatte eine weitere Ausnehmung im Innendurchmesser korrespondierend oder passend zu dem Außendurchmesser der Schraube ausgebildet sein, während nur die korrespondierende Ausnehmung in der zweiten Verbindungsplatte größer ist.The inner diameter of the corresponding further recesses are larger than the outer diameter of the screws, by which the connecting plates are braced against each other to a rotation allow the connecting plates relative to each other when the static friction is exceeded. It is not necessary that the inner diameter of the two further or second recesses is greater than the outer diameter of the screws, but can also be formed in a connecting plate, a further recess in the inner diameter corresponding to or matching the outer diameter of the screw, while only the corresponding recess larger in the second connection plate.
Als eine Alternative weisen eine oder beide weitere Ausnehmungen eine Langlochausgestaltung und dabei beispielsweise eine gebogene Form auf, die dem vorgesehenen Verdrehweg der beiden Komponenten zueinander entspricht. Dadurch ist es möglich, eine Art Führung der Verdrehung beider Komponenten durch die Spannschrauben zu gewährleisten. Durch die Dimensionierung und/oder Formgebung der weiteren Ausnehmungen wird der maximale Verdrehwinkel der beiden Komponenten zueinander definiert, bis die Materialverformung aufgrund des unmittelbaren Kontaktes der Ränder der Ausnehmungen mit den Schrauben auftritt. Dadurch wird der Bereich und Weg der Gleitreibung zwischen den Verbindungsplatten zur Energiedissipation definiert.As an alternative, one or both further recesses have a slot design and, for example, a curved shape which corresponds to the intended rotation path of the two components relative to one another. This makes it possible to ensure a kind of guidance of the rotation of both components by the clamping screws. As a result of the dimensioning and / or shaping of the further recesses, the maximum angle of rotation of the two components relative to one another is defined until the material deformation occurs due to the direct contact of the edges of the recesses with the screws. This defines the range and path of sliding friction between the connecting plates for energy dissipation.
Die Verbindungsplatten können auf den einander zugewandten Oberflächen aufgeraut oder mit regelmäßigen Unebenheiten versehen sein, so dass im montierten Zustand ein definierter Reibkoeffizient zwischen den beiden aufeinanderliegenden Oberflächen realisiert wird. Ziel ist es, dass die Kontaktflächen der Verbindungsplatten einen dauerhaft definierten Reibkoeffizienten aufweisen, damit über die Lebensdauer des Bauwerkes eine sichere Konstruktion und ein stabiler Aufbau realisiert werden können. Die Spannschrauben werden vorzugsweise mit einem solch hohen Drehmoment angezogen, dass die Haftreibung zwischen den Verbindungsplatten ausreichend groß ist, um die statischen und dynamischen Kräfte während der üblichen Nutzung eines Gebäudes aufzufangen. Erst bei außerordentlich hohen Belastungen, beispielsweise bei Stürmen oder Erdbeben, werden die Haftreibungskräfte überschritten. Die Materialfestigkeit der Schrauben sowie der Bolzenelemente gegenüber Scherkräften ist dabei größer als die aufgebrachte Haftreibung, so dass es möglich ist, nach der Phase der Gleitreibung noch eine Sicherheitsreserve in der Verbindung der beiden Komponenten bereitzustellen.The connecting plates can be roughened on the surfaces facing each other or provided with regular unevenness, so that in the mounted state, a defined coefficient of friction between the two superimposed surfaces is realized. The aim is that the contact surfaces of the connecting plates have a permanently defined coefficient of friction, so over the life of the building a safe construction and a stable structure can be realized. The clamping screws are preferably tightened with such a high torque that the static friction between the connecting plates is sufficiently large to reduce the static and dynamic forces during normal use of a building catch. Only at extremely high loads, such as storms or earthquakes, the static friction forces are exceeded. The material strength of the screws and the bolt elements against shear forces is greater than the applied static friction, so that it is possible to provide a safety margin in the connection of the two components after the phase of sliding friction.
Eine Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass eine Sensoreinrichtung zur Überwachung der Druckbelastung zwischen den Verbindungsplatten vorgesehen ist, so dass der Druck auf die Kontaktflächen der Verbindungsplatten dauerhaft kontrolliert werden kann und dass über die Nutzungsdauer der Verbindung eine ausreichende und definierte Haftreibung zwischen den Verbindungsplatten vorhanden ist.A development of the invention provides that a sensor device is provided for monitoring the pressure load between the connection plates, so that the pressure on the contact surfaces of the connection plates can be permanently controlled and that over the useful life of the connection sufficient and defined static friction between the connection plates is present ,
Die Sensoreinrichtungen können als Scheiben, beispielsweise als Unterlegscheiben zwischen den Verbindungsplatten oder unter den Schrauben ausgebildet sein. Weiterhin ist es möglich, dass ein Übertragungselement der Sensoreinrichtung bzw. den Scheiben zugeordnet sein kann, mit dem es möglich ist, ohne aufwendige Apparaturen die Druckkraft zwischen den Verbindungsplatten zu messen und erst im Falle des Unterschreitens eines Grenzwertes die Schrauben nachzuziehen. Die Übermittlungseinrichtung kann drahtlos, beispielsweise über ein Funkelement oder eine RFID-Übertragung oder über ein Kabel oder einen anderen Signalleiter erfolgen. Ein Transponder kann in der Sensoreinrichtung angeordnet sein, so dass bei und nach der Verschraubung der Verbindungsplatten einerseits möglich ist, eine genau definierte Vorspannung zu erreichen und darüber hinaus im Verlauf der Nutzung des Verbindungssystems kontrollieren zu können, ob die Vorspannung weiterhin vorhanden ist.The sensor devices may be formed as disks, for example as washers between the connection plates or under the screws. Furthermore, it is possible that a transmission element of the sensor device or the discs may be assigned, with which it is possible to measure without expensive equipment, the pressure force between the connection plates and retighten the screws only in the case of falling below a limit. The transmission device can be wireless, for example via a radio element or an RFID transmission or via a cable or another signal conductor. A transponder can be arranged in the sensor device, so that during and after the screwing of the connection plates on the one hand it is possible to achieve a well-defined bias and, moreover, in the course of using the connection system to be able to control whether the bias is still present.
Den einzelnen Scheiben oder Sensoreinrichtungen können Kennungen zugeordnet werden, so dass exakt bestimmt werden kann, welche Schraubenverbindung welches Drehmoment aufweist und welche Haftreibung an welcher Stelle zwischen den Verbindungsplatten realisiert wird.Identifiers can be assigned to the individual disks or sensor devices, so that it can be exactly determined which screw connection has which torque and which static friction on which Position is realized between the connection plates.
Grundsätzlich ist es möglich, mehrere Verbindungsplatten alternierend in Axialrichtung hintereinander anzuordnen, um hohe Belastungen aufnehmen zu können.In principle, it is possible to arrange a plurality of connecting plates alternately in the axial direction one behind the other, in order to be able to absorb high loads.
Nachfolgend werden Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand der beigefügten Figuren näher erläutert. Gleiche Bezugszeichen bezeichnen gleiche Bauteile. Es zeigen:
- Figur 1 -
- eine schematische Darstellung zweier Komponenten in Draufsicht;
- Figur 2 -
- eine
Figur 1 in Seitenansicht; - Figur 3 -
- die Komponenten gemäß
Figur 1 im montierten Zustand in Draufsicht; - Figur 4 -
- die
in Seitenansicht;Figur 3 - Figuren 5a - 5d -
- Einzeldarstellungen von Verbindungsplatten;
- Figuren 6a - 6d -
- montierte Komponenten mit Verbindungsplatten gemäß Figuren 5a bis 5d; sowie
- Figur 7 -
- schematische Darstellung eines Moment-Verdrehungsdiagramms.
- FIG. 1 -
- a schematic representation of two components in plan view;
- FIG. 2 -
- a
FIG. 1 in side view; - FIG. 3 -
- the components according to
FIG. 1 in the assembled state in plan view; - FIG. 4 -
- the
FIG. 3 in side view; - FIGS. 5a-5d
- Individual representations of connection plates;
- FIGS. 6a-6d
- mounted components with connecting plates according to Figures 5a to 5d; such as
- FIG. 7 -
- schematic representation of a torque rotation diagram.
In der
In der ersten Verbindungsplatte 12 ist im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel eine erste Bohrung 13 ausgebildet, die mittig zwischen zwei ersten Ausnehmungen 14 positioniert ist. Die erste Bohrung 13 weist einen Durchmesser auf, der geringer als die Durchmesser der kreisförmig ausgebildeten Ausnehmungen 14 ist.In the illustrated embodiment, a
In der zweiten Verbindungsplatte 22 sind eine korrespondierende erste Bohrung 23 und korrespondierend angeordnete zweite oder weitere Ausnehmungen 24 angeordnet.In the
In der
In der
Durch die beiden neben der jeweils ersten Bohrung 13, 23 angeordneten weitere Ausnehmungen 24 sind Spannschrauben 4 hindurchgeführt, über die die Verbindungsplatten 12, 22 gegeneinander verspannt werden. Der montierte Zustand mit der durchgeführten Schraube 4 ist in der
Unter dem Schraubenkopf der Schraube 4 und gegebenenfalls unter der Mutter ist eine Sensoreinrichtung 5 zur Ermittlung der Druckkraft angeordnet, so dass dauerhaft überwacht werden kann, mit welcher Kraft die beiden Verbindungsplatten 12, 22 gegeneinander verspannt sind.Under the screw head of the
Die in Kontakt befindlichen Oberflächen der Verbindungsplatten 11, 12 sind mit einer Oberfläche versehen, die einen definierten Reibkoeffizienten aufweist. Dies kann durch eine besondere Beschichtung oder Formgebung der Oberfläche erreicht werden, beispielsweise durch eine Oberflächenbearbeitung durch Umformen oder Trennen, beispielsweise durch spanende Verfahren. Die Oberflächen der Verbindungsplatten 12, 22 können mit regelmäßigen Unebenheiten ausgestattet sein, um einen definierten Reibkoeffizienten bereitstellen zu können. Ebenfalls ist es möglich, dass die Oberflächengestalt so ist, dass mit zunehmendem Verdrehwinkel um die Drehachse, die mit der Mittelachse des Bolzenelementes 3 zusammenfällt, der Reibkoeffizient zunimmt, so dass bei geringen Belastungen eine Verdrehung der beiden Komponenten 1, 2 zueinander nach Überschreiten einer Grenzbelastung, bis zu der die Haftreibung die beiden Komponenten 1, 2 in Position hält, ermöglicht wird, bei einer sich vergrößernden Belastung jenseits des Grenzwertes das Widerstandsmoment ansteigt und erst bei Erreichen der maximalen Auslenkung über den Gleitreibungsbereich eine Materialverformung im Bereich der Schrauben 4 und des Bolzenelementes 3 auftritt.The contacting surfaces of the connecting
Die Sensorelemente 5 sind im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel als Unterlegscheiben unter den Schraubenkopf und die Mutter der Spannschrauben 4 ausgebildet und können mit einem Transponder oder einer anderen Übertragungseinrichtung ausgestattet sein, so dass eine drahtlose Überwachung der aufgebrachten Druckkraft an der jeweiligen Verschraubungsstelle möglich ist, grundsätzlich ist es auch möglich, die Scheiben zwischen den Verbindungsplatten 12, 22 anzuordnen. Sollte im Verlauf der Zeit die Druckkraft nachlassen oder aufgrund von Erschütterungen oder Setzbewegungen reduziert werden, kann die Spannschraube 4 weiter vorgespannt werden, um den gewünschten Druck der Kontaktflächen der Verbindungsplatten 12, 22 gegeneinander dauerhaft und definiert aufrecht zu erhalten.The
Durch die Geometrie der Verbindung der beiden Komponenten 1, 2 über die Verbindungsplatten 12, 22 mit den Bohrungen 13, 23 mit gleichem Innendurchmesser und den passenden Durchmesser für das Bolzenelement 3 ist es möglich, dass das System Verformungen zulässt, ohne dass sich plastische Verformungen an den Komponenten einstellen. Diese Verformungen innerhalb der Verbindung führen nicht zum Versagen des biegesteifen Rahmenecks, das durch die Verbindung der beiden Komponenten 1, 2 miteinander ausgebildet wird. Die ersten Bohrungen 13, 23 definieren die Drehachse und die Position der Komponenten 1, 2 zueinander, die weiteren Ausnehmungen 14, 24 ermöglichen eine Verlagerung um die Drehachse und eine Verspannung der Verbindungsplatten 12, 22 aufeinander zu über Spannschrauben 4, so dass eine sichere Verbindung der Komponente 1, 2 bei normaler Belastung erreicht werden kann, bei Erdbeben jedoch einer Verlagerung relativ zueinander um die Drehachse ermöglicht wird, ohne dass die Verbindung kollabiert.Due to the geometry of the connection of the two
In den
Bei der
In der
Die Ausführungsform der
In den
In der
In der
In der
In der
Claims (8)
- System for connecting a first load-bearing component (1) to a second load-bearing component (2) in order to form a flexurally rigid frame corner, having a first connecting plate (12), which is arranged on the first component (1), and a second connecting plate (22), which is arranged on the second component (2), whereina. the connecting plates (12, 22) each contain a first bore, in which a bolt element (3) is introduced in order to form a defined axis of rotation,b. the connecting plates (12, 22) contain further, mutually correspondingly arranged apertures (14, 24), in which is arranged at least one screw (4) which braces the connecting plates (12, 22) against one another, andc. the internal diameter of the further aperture of the correspondingly arranged apertures (14, 24) is larger than the external diameter of the screws (4) or the further apertures (14, 24) and the further apertures (14, 24) are designed as slots, so that rotation is possible through a defined angle of rotation about the axis of rotation, characterized in thatd. coefficient of friction is graduated over the angle of rotation.
- System according to Claim 1, characterized in that the surfaces of the connecting plates is configured such that with an increasing angle of rotation about the axis of rotation, which coincides with the center axis of the bolt element (3), the coefficient of rotation increases.
- System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, on the surfaces which are directed toward one another in the assembled state, the connecting plates (12, 22) have a defined coefficient of friction.
- System according to Claim 3, characterized in that, on the surfaces which are directed toward one another in the assembled state, the connecting plates (12, 22) are roughened or are provided with regular unevennesses.
- System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the provision of a sensor device (5) for monitoring the compressive forces between the connecting plates (12, 22).
- System according to Claim 5, characterized in that the sensor device (5) is designed with a wireless transmission device.
- System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of connecting plates (12, 22) are arranged in alternating fashion one behind the other in the axial direction of the bolt element (3).
- System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting plates (12, 22) are non-planar.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102012020851.0A DE102012020851A1 (en) | 2012-10-24 | 2012-10-24 | System for connecting a first component and a second component to form a rigid frame corner |
Publications (2)
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EP2725155A1 EP2725155A1 (en) | 2014-04-30 |
EP2725155B1 true EP2725155B1 (en) | 2016-06-08 |
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Family Applications (1)
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EP13005055.2A Active EP2725155B1 (en) | 2012-10-24 | 2013-10-23 | System to connect a first and a second component in the angle of a rigid frame |
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US (1) | US20140112707A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2725155B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2014084714A (en) |
CY (1) | CY1118122T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102012020851A1 (en) |
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ITUB20159414A1 (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2017-06-16 | Giovanni Bulferetti | Improved anti-seismic connection joint |
DE102016109432B4 (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2023-08-31 | Minebea Intec GmbH | Procedure for compensating for long-term drifts and creep phenomena on bolt sensors in earthquake-prone areas |
CN108825695A (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2018-11-16 | 佛山科学技术学院 | A kind of three-dimensional arrangement shock insulation spring fastening |
DE102021208777A1 (en) | 2021-08-11 | 2023-02-16 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein | Washer and screw connection system |
CN113958037A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2022-01-21 | 北京工业大学 | Steel frame-steel plate shear wall stress coordination type wall beam connection node |
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US1787167A (en) * | 1927-12-07 | 1930-12-30 | Frederick L Purdy | Connecting means for rafters |
DE3402449C2 (en) | 1984-01-25 | 1986-04-03 | Friedrich Maurer Söhne GmbH & Co KG, 8000 München | Device for vibration damping on tower-like structures such as chimneys, transmitter masts or the like. |
JPH0732653Y2 (en) * | 1989-03-10 | 1995-07-31 | 株式会社竹中工務店 | Resistance applying device |
DD290464A5 (en) | 1989-12-20 | 1991-05-29 | Veb Transformatoren- Und Roentgenwerk "Hermann Matern",De | MECHANICAL DAMPING ELEMENT |
JPH0568073U (en) * | 1992-02-20 | 1993-09-10 | 日東工業株式会社 | Conductor connection device |
DE4305132C1 (en) | 1993-02-19 | 1994-04-21 | Uwe E Dr Dorka | Friction damper for securing support structure against dynamic effects - has superimposed friction plates contacting surfaces which are connected to friction damper connections |
JPH11241523A (en) * | 1998-02-23 | 1999-09-07 | Electric Power Dev Co Ltd | Structure |
WO2001055519A1 (en) | 1998-08-27 | 2001-08-02 | Nippon Eisei Center Co., Ltd. | Earthquake-proofing reinforcing metal fitting |
WO2001055520A1 (en) | 1998-09-09 | 2001-08-02 | Nippon Eisei Center Co., Ltd. | Earthquake-proofing reinforcing metal fitting |
JP4665295B2 (en) * | 2000-07-10 | 2011-04-06 | 清水建設株式会社 | Damping wall |
DE10153207B4 (en) * | 2001-10-27 | 2007-01-25 | Bohrenkämper, Gustav | Device for connecting two wooden beams |
JP4066232B2 (en) * | 2002-03-04 | 2008-03-26 | 鹿島建設株式会社 | Seismic control method for structures |
US6681538B1 (en) * | 2002-07-22 | 2004-01-27 | Skidmore, Owings & Merrill Llp | Seismic structural device |
JP2006183324A (en) * | 2004-12-27 | 2006-07-13 | Ohbayashi Corp | Response controlled structure |
DE102005060375A1 (en) * | 2005-12-16 | 2007-06-21 | Steelpat Gmbh & Co. Kg | Bearing for protection for structures, formed as sliding pendulum bearing, has slide material which comprises a plastic with elasto-plastic compensating quality, especially plastic with low friction |
US7712266B2 (en) * | 2007-05-22 | 2010-05-11 | Skidmore Owings & Merrill Llp | Seismic structural device |
DE102007051285A1 (en) | 2007-10-26 | 2009-04-30 | Fischerwerke Gmbh & Co. Kg | mounting brackets |
DE102010001144A1 (en) * | 2010-01-22 | 2011-07-28 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., 80686 | Mechanical connection component e.g. screw, for monitoring e.g. screw connections in bridge, has wireless interface for wireless detection of information describing mechanical load of component based on electrical property of sensor layer |
-
2012
- 2012-10-24 DE DE102012020851.0A patent/DE102012020851A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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2013
- 2013-10-17 US US14/055,942 patent/US20140112707A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-10-23 EP EP13005055.2A patent/EP2725155B1/en active Active
- 2013-10-24 JP JP2013221652A patent/JP2014084714A/en active Pending
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2016
- 2016-08-25 CY CY20161100838T patent/CY1118122T1/en unknown
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CY1118122T1 (en) | 2017-06-28 |
JP2014084714A (en) | 2014-05-12 |
US20140112707A1 (en) | 2014-04-24 |
DE102012020851A1 (en) | 2014-04-24 |
EP2725155A1 (en) | 2014-04-30 |
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