EP2841650B1 - Elektroisolationspapier - Google Patents

Elektroisolationspapier Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2841650B1
EP2841650B1 EP13724178.2A EP13724178A EP2841650B1 EP 2841650 B1 EP2841650 B1 EP 2841650B1 EP 13724178 A EP13724178 A EP 13724178A EP 2841650 B1 EP2841650 B1 EP 2841650B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
weight
insulating paper
electrical insulating
paper according
electrical
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EP13724178.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2841650A1 (de
Inventor
Tobias A. KLEEMANN
Angelika KLEEMANN
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Pacon Ltd & Co KG
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Pacon Ltd & Co KG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/48—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances fibrous materials
    • H01B3/52—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances fibrous materials wood; paper; press board
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
    • D21H11/02—Chemical or chemomechanical or chemothermomechanical pulp
    • D21H11/04—Kraft or sulfate pulp
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
    • D21H13/36—Inorganic fibres or flakes
    • D21H13/38—Inorganic fibres or flakes siliceous
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
    • D21H13/36—Inorganic fibres or flakes
    • D21H13/38—Inorganic fibres or flakes siliceous
    • D21H13/44—Flakes, e.g. mica, vermiculite
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D21H17/46—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H17/54—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen
    • D21H17/55—Polyamides; Polyaminoamides; Polyester-amides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
    • D21H17/67—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
    • D21H17/67—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments
    • D21H17/68—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments siliceous, e.g. clays
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/18—Reinforcing agents
    • D21H21/20—Wet strength agents

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a simple and inexpensive producible Elektroisolierpapier with improved electrical strength or dielectric strength and improved dielectric properties or impedance or permittivity, a method for its production and cables, transformers, capacitors or electrical equipment, with this Insulating material are equipped.
  • the papers with a proportion of hydrophobic fillers such as mica or talc, for example, have an increased dielectric strength at low electrical loss factor (tan ⁇ ) compared to unfilled papers of the same type.
  • the dielectric loss factor tan ⁇ is an important factor for evaluating an insulating medium.
  • the magnitude of the loss factor depends on the temperature, electrical frequency and voltage and is important for the use of a dielectric in alternating electric fields.
  • the dielectric loss factor tan ⁇ is defined as the ratio of active power to reactive power and is therefore a measure of how much energy an insulating material absorbs in the alternating electric field and converts it into heat loss. It is therefore desirable to keep the tan ⁇ as small as possible.
  • the material sought for processing reasons must have a certain minimum strength and for impregnation with an electrically insulating impregnating agent, for example oil, the highest possible permeability for rapid penetration of the impregnating agent used for the insulation.
  • an electrically insulating impregnating agent for example oil
  • the papers used for cable insulation must also allow due to their mechanical properties preferably the wrapping of the conductor in a technologically meaningful way.
  • insulating materials are z.
  • B resin-impregnated glass fleeces or glass cloth, flat structures made of special blends with pulp, films of polyester or polyamides, and paper-like products of aromatic polyamides.
  • these insulating materials usually have good electrical and usually also good mechanical properties, however, their production is cost-intensive, so that the electrical machines are not significantly more expensive.
  • this object is achieved by the use of 15 to 95 wt.% Of synthetic resin fibers in the presence of polymer fibrils, synthetic resin powder and mineral fillers.
  • pulps or other renewable fiber raw materials are not used in contrast to the process according to the invention and the products produced therefrom.
  • the object of the present invention is to at least partially overcome the disadvantages known in the prior art and in particular to provide a paper which, when manufactured inexpensively, has both a high dielectric strength and a low dielectric loss factor and a good permeability to oil.
  • Synthetic resin fibers here are predominantly renewable raw materials without the use of petroleum-based fibers are used and the process and the products over the prior art have increased efficiency.
  • This object of the invention is achieved by an electrical insulation paper according to claim 1.
  • Preferred embodiments of the electrical insulation paper are the subject of the dependent claims.
  • the object is also achieved by a method for producing the electrical insulation paper and its use.
  • the electrical insulating paper according to the invention has an electrical breakdown strength of greater than 40 kV / mm, preferably greater than 60 kV / mm and in particular greater than 80 kV / mm, this being achieved in that the paper according to the invention contains 20 to 99% by weight of cellulose and 1 to 80 wt .-% mineral fillers, wherein the mineral filler comprises at least one layered silicate, which preferably contains talc and / or mica.
  • the proportion of cellulose according to a particularly preferred embodiment is in a range between 30 to 80 wt .-%, preferably 45 to 70 wt .-% and in particular about 65 wt .-%.
  • the proportion of mineral fillers is moreover preferably in a range between 3 to 65 wt .-%, preferably 5 to 45 wt .-% and in particular about 30 wt .-%.
  • the proportion of talc in the mineral filler of the electrical insulating paper according to the invention is between 1% and 100%, preferably between 25% and 75%, in particular between 35% and 60% and particularly preferably over 50%.
  • Talcum is a hydrophobic mineral that has many applications due to its chemical and thermal stability and its lamellar morphology. Talcum can be considered as a kind of inorganic polymer, which consists of two "monomeric" structures, namely tetrahedral silicate layers and octahedral network layers (brucite type). On the outside, this is covered on both sides by a continuous silicate layer.
  • Talcum can have different amounts of associated minerals include, among which chlorites (hydrous aluminum and magnesium silicates), magnesite (magnesium carbonate), calcite (calcium carbonate) and dolomite (calcium and magnesium carbonate) prevail. Due to its low dissipation factor, the good dielectric properties, the high thermal conductivity and low electrical conductivity, as well as the comparatively high oil absorption and at the same time a low tendency to absorb water combined with relative chemical inertness, talcum is particularly suitable as a filler according to the invention.
  • the mineral filler may also contain mica as a constituent, the proportion of which is preferably between 1% and 80%, in particular between 10 and 50%, and particularly preferably greater than 20%. It is also within the meaning of the present invention to use as mineral filler exclusively mica.
  • Mica is a clear transparent material (aluminosilicate) with a high electrical resistance. It is resistant to a constant working temperature of 550 ° C and has a melting point of about 1250 ° C. In addition, mica is resistant to almost all media, e.g. Alkalis, chemicals, gases, oils and acids. Mica are a mineral group of monoclinic or pseudohexagonal, complex silicates, which are characterized by a perfect basal cleavage.
  • the mineral filler in particular also the phyllosilicates to be used, preferably have an average particle size distribution of from 0.5 to 400 ⁇ m and in particular from 1 to 200 ⁇ m and / or flakes with an average thickness of from 0.01 to 100 ⁇ m and in particular from 0.1 to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the addition of fillers can reduce the mechanical strength of the paper due to less fiber-to-fiber interaction.
  • native or modified starch in proportions of from 0.1 to 10% by weight, in particular from 2 to 8% by weight, and more preferably about 4 wt.%, or other polyols, such as native or modified guar.
  • polyols such as native or modified guar.
  • such polyols can also be used in combination with each other.
  • modified or unmodified guar between 0.1 to 5 wt.%, In particular 2 to 4 wt.% And in particular about 2.5 wt.% are.
  • organic binders may be used in combination or alone, the proportion of which may be between 0.1 to 20% by weight, in particular 3 to 12% by weight and preferably about 5 to 8% by weight.
  • 0.1 to 20% by weight, in particular 1 to 14% by weight and in particular about 5 to 8% by weight, of a wet strength agent can be added.
  • hydrophobizing agent in combination or alone in the range of 0.01 to 5 wt.%, In particular 0.1 to 3 wt.% And preferably about 0.5 wt.% Within the meaning of the present invention.
  • nitrogen-containing basic compound in a proportion of between 0.01 to 5 wt.%, In particular 0.1 to 3 wt.% And in particular about 0.5 wt.%, May also be added in combination or alone with the electrical insulating paper according to the invention.
  • a further improvement may be the addition of polymers with binder or cobinder capabilities, such as the addition of 0.1 to 10 wt%, especially 1 to 6 wt% of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • the paper produced according to the invention has excellent mechanical strength and can be exposed to high voltage in high voltage equipment.
  • the loss factor in the insulating paper is uniformly reduced at each point and the paper can be made trouble-free and economically even significantly cheaper than comparable papers without filler, since expensive pulp fibers are replaced by cheaper natural occurring fillers.
  • the dielectric strength measured according to DIN 53481 of the invention Elektroisolierpapiers greater than 40 kV / mm, preferably greater than 60 kV / mm and in particular greater than 80 kV / mm and / or the conductivity in the hot water extract measured according to TAPPI Standard T 252 is less than 5 mS / m, preferably less than 3 mS / m and in particular less than 1 mS / m.
  • the conductivity 53481 of the inventive electrical insulating paper in the hot-water extract according to TAPPI Standard T 252 is preferably less than 5 mS / m, in particular 3 mS / m and in particular less than 1 mS / m.
  • kraft pulps are preferred here.
  • the degree of fibrillation should be on the one hand as high as possible for reasons of insulation effect, that is, the pulp is high ground before with a Schopper-Riegler value of preferably 40 to 80 ° SR.
  • a highly ground pulp forms a denser paper with a lower penetration rate of the oil required for isolation, so that the rate of penetration of the oil into the paper becomes too slow for the purposes of economically meaningful production. For this reason, the expert will adjust the grinding of the pulp from the above point of view and settle as possible in a range of 20 to 60 ° SR, preferably at 25 to 40 ° SR.
  • the pulps used can also be mixed with other plastic fibers in order either to increase the mechanical strength of the end product or to label the end product for reasons of marketing or product safety.
  • fillers finely ground solids can be used, which are insoluble in the process of the manufacturing process.
  • phyllosilicates such as, for example, mica or talcum with the highest possible hydrophobicity, measured, for example, by the contact angle with respect to water.
  • the addition of water in the finished paper is made more difficult and thus facilitates the drying of the paper to very low water contents of preferably less than 1%.
  • water content in the finished insulation paper deteriorates the dielectric strength and there is an accelerated aging processes of the insulation paper used.
  • Layer silicates in particular two- or three-layer silicates, are in particular minerals such as mica, talc, serpentine and clay minerals such as vermiculite, muscovite (a three-layer silicate) (KAl 2 [(OH) 2
  • minerals such as mica, talc, serpentine and clay minerals such as vermiculite, muscovite (a three-layer silicate) (KAl 2 [(OH) 2
  • the added starch can be used in the chemically unmodified form as gelatinized or unverkleisterte starch. But chemically modified starches, hydrolytic or oxidative or enzymatic or degraded by physical agents starches can be used here.
  • the starches may also be in modified form, hydrophobically or ionically modified. Low degrees of substitution are preferred in the case of ionically modified starches, since otherwise the dielectric loss factor may deteriorate.
  • hemicelluloses or polyols such as native or modified guar, may be added to the strength enhancer or, if desired, completely replace it. These may also be hydrophobic or ionically modified, and here again analogously to starch, a low average degree of substitution is preferred.
  • polyvinyl alcohol PVA
  • the polyvinyl alcohols can be present here in fully hydrolyzed or partially hydrolyzed form with different degrees of polymerization and chain lengths, branched or unbranched, as homopolymers or copolymers.
  • the dissolution behavior of polyvinyl alcohols is known to be highly dependent on both its structure and the degree of branching, the molecular weight, as well as the degree of hydrolysis. Of particular importance here are the dissolution temperature, the stirring speed and the stirring time and the geometric design of the mixing vessel, stirrer and possibly existing Flow resistances. The person skilled in the art will adapt his procedure to the respective product.
  • a sizing agent may be added to the paper during production or else optionally in a separate step.
  • Particularly suitable for this purpose are the already known products such as alkyl ketene dimers (AKD) with different chain lengths. But alkenylsuccinic anhydrides (ASA) and also, for example, paraffins can be used for this purpose.
  • Strength increases in electrical insulating paper can also by the addition of wet strength agents such as melamine or urea-formaldehyde resins, amidoamine or polyamine-epichlorohydrin resins or wet strength agents based on hemiacetal and acetal bonds, such as glyoxal be achieved.
  • wet strength agents such as melamine or urea-formaldehyde resins, amidoamine or polyamine-epichlorohydrin resins or wet strength agents based on hemiacetal and acetal bonds, such as glyoxal be achieved.
  • nitrogen-containing basic compounds such as dicyandiamides, melamine-containing compounds, urea-containing compounds or amino-containing polymers or polyamides.
  • Insulating paper is classified into a wide variety of types and qualities, including coil insulating paper, condenser tissue paper, high voltage condenser paper, cable insulating paper, high voltage cable insulating paper, and the like. Papers of all these types can be treated according to the invention to increase the dielectric strength and to reduce the loss factor and the aging processes.
  • the electrical insulating papers according to the invention are produced according to the methods customary in the paper industry.
  • the fibrous or powdery starting materials are slurried in water and produce a suspension having a solids content of preferably 0.1 to 10 wt .-%. This process takes place in conventional papermaking processes in the range of pH 4 to 10, preferably pH 7 to 9.
  • the resulting suspension is prepared on conventional paper machines, e.g. Four-wire or rotary screening machines or gap former machines are applied, where they are distributed over a large area and the majority of the water is dewatered and removed by pressing and drying.
  • the fibrils hold the paper fibers together, so that the resulting base paper receives sufficient initial wet strength.
  • the strength of the paper may be enhanced by strength enhancing additives such as native or modified starch, natural or organic binders, and polyvinyl alcohols.
  • This base paper is then dried at temperatures between 100 and 180 ° C, preferably between 80 and 180 ° C, for example, by passing it over heated cylinders. It is then smoothed and compressed at elevated temperature, optionally under pressure. This can be done on conventional smoothing rollers and / or rolling mills, wherein a relatively high pressure is exerted on the paper.
  • the temperatures in this smoothing or pressing are according to the invention in a range of greater than 80 ° C or 100 ° C, preferably greater than 160 ° C or 180 ° C.
  • the paper can also be further solidified by subsequent impregnation with resins, for example with epoxy, formaldehyde, polyester, silicone, phenolic or acrylate resins or with polyimides or, if appropriate, by impregnating with paints based on, for example Alkylphenols, imides or silicones. It is also possible to produce composite materials by laminating the electrical insulating paper with films, for example with polyethylene, polypropylene or polyimide films.
  • the paper according to the invention can be post-treated after the production by means of a compaction and smoothing process (calendering). This can lead to a further improved breakdown resistance.
  • the invention also encompasses the use of the electrical insulating paper according to the invention for the electrical insulation of components or electrical current-carrying products such as printed circuit boards, batteries and capacitors, cables, in particular cables with a layered and impregnated dielectric in which, for example, the insulation overlapped and / or helically wound, transformers, in particular oil-filled or dry types of transformers, combinations thereof, and the like.
  • the determination of the dielectric strength is based on DIN EN 60212 and DIN EN 60243-1. Unlike in DIN EN 60243-1, section 4.1.2 mentioned, however, steel ball electrodes of 6.3 mm diameter were used for the breakdown test.
  • the tensile strength or resistance to breakage was determined according to EN ISO 1924-2.
  • the determination of the conductivity was based on a hot water extract according to the TAPPI Standard T 252.
  • the parts and percentages given in the examples are by weight.
  • the pulp used was ground before use to a Schopper-Riegler value of 32 to 34 ° SR.
  • Examples 1 to 32 in Table 1 relate to the evaluation of various papers to blank samples, which were prepared from the specified pulp with / without the addition of fillers and with / without the addition of additives. This paper was carefully dried and conditioned in a desiccator over a desiccant at a constant temperature of 25 ° C.
  • As the wet strength agent a polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin resin was used.
  • Examples 33 to 35 in Table 1 show measurement results of commercially available electrical insulating papers.
  • Table 1 shows the influence of the pulp fibers and the respectively used fillers and / or additives on the dielectric strength and mechanical strength. It can be seen that unbleached kraft pulp has the best properties here.
  • the thus obtained electrical insulating paper has the characteristics shown in Table 1.
  • OS means the top of the paper and SS the side facing the wire in papermaking.
  • transverse measurement means transverse to the direction of the paper machine and along the paper machine direction.
  • the reference papers produced on a Rapid-Köthen lab-sheet former omit this indication, since there is no preferred direction of movement and fiber orientation.
  • Table 2 shows examples 36-43 of comparative paper of the prior art kraft pulp (# 36).
  • the comparative paper is made with papers of the invention made with modified fabric formulations, i. compared with / without the addition of fillers (talcum and / or mica) and with or without the addition of additives. These papers were all carefully dried and conditioned in a desiccator over a desiccant at a constant temperature of 25 ° C.
  • illustration 1 shows the oil consumption history for different papers as a function of time.
  • papers without filler with papers with 20% mica and 20% talc as filler came to about 40 ° SR ground kraft pulp is used.
  • This figure shows the rate of penetration versus time as measured by an ultrasonic based measuring instrument (DPA Tester). The faster the turn-off after reaching the maximum, the greater the penetration rate of the liquid. The highest penetration rate shows the filled with talc insulating paper with the highest porosity.
  • Fig.1 It can be clearly seen that the addition of the filler directly results in accelerated penetration of the insulating oil into the paper. Due to the penetration of the insulating oil in the production process of transformers lasting up to several days, an acceleration of this rate-determining step is a great advantage of the papers according to the invention.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Insulating Bodies (AREA)
EP13724178.2A 2012-04-27 2013-04-29 Elektroisolationspapier Active EP2841650B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012103775A DE102012103775A1 (de) 2012-04-27 2012-04-27 Elektroisolationspapier
PCT/EP2013/058910 WO2013160484A1 (de) 2012-04-27 2013-04-29 Elektroisolationspapier

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2841650A1 EP2841650A1 (de) 2015-03-04
EP2841650B1 true EP2841650B1 (de) 2018-12-05

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EP13724178.2A Active EP2841650B1 (de) 2012-04-27 2013-04-29 Elektroisolationspapier

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US20150083353A1 (enExample)
EP (1) EP2841650B1 (enExample)
CN (1) CN104334797A (enExample)
BR (1) BR112014026694A2 (enExample)
CA (1) CA2871206A1 (enExample)
DE (1) DE102012103775A1 (enExample)
IN (1) IN2014DN09318A (enExample)
RU (1) RU2014144899A (enExample)
WO (1) WO2013160484A1 (enExample)

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CN113445350A (zh) * 2020-03-24 2021-09-28 中国制浆造纸研究院有限公司 一种特高压变压器用高油中击穿强度绝缘纸及其制造方法
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RU2014144899A (ru) 2016-06-20
CN104334797A (zh) 2015-02-04
US20150083353A1 (en) 2015-03-26
DE102012103775A1 (de) 2013-10-31
IN2014DN09318A (enExample) 2015-07-10
WO2013160484A1 (de) 2013-10-31
CA2871206A1 (en) 2013-10-31
BR112014026694A2 (pt) 2017-06-27

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