EP2836302A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur gezielten prozessführung in einem mikrofluidik-prozessor mit integrierten aktiven elementen - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur gezielten prozessführung in einem mikrofluidik-prozessor mit integrierten aktiven elementenInfo
- Publication number
- EP2836302A1 EP2836302A1 EP13717014.8A EP13717014A EP2836302A1 EP 2836302 A1 EP2836302 A1 EP 2836302A1 EP 13717014 A EP13717014 A EP 13717014A EP 2836302 A1 EP2836302 A1 EP 2836302A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- microfluidic
- liquid
- reaction chamber
- active
- active elements
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
- B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
- B01L3/502738—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by integrated valves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2200/00—Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
- B01L2200/06—Fluid handling related problems
- B01L2200/0621—Control of the sequence of chambers filled or emptied
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/04—Closures and closing means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
- B01L2300/0809—Geometry, shape and general structure rectangular shaped
- B01L2300/0816—Cards, e.g. flat sample carriers usually with flow in two horizontal directions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
- B01L2300/0861—Configuration of multiple channels and/or chambers in a single devices
- B01L2300/0864—Configuration of multiple channels and/or chambers in a single devices comprising only one inlet and multiple receiving wells, e.g. for separation, splitting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
- B01L2300/0861—Configuration of multiple channels and/or chambers in a single devices
- B01L2300/0867—Multiple inlets and one sample wells, e.g. mixing, dilution
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
- B01L2300/0861—Configuration of multiple channels and/or chambers in a single devices
- B01L2300/0874—Three dimensional network
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
- B01L2400/06—Valves, specific forms thereof
- B01L2400/0633—Valves, specific forms thereof with moving parts
- B01L2400/0672—Swellable plugs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
- B01L2400/06—Valves, specific forms thereof
- B01L2400/0677—Valves, specific forms thereof phase change valves; Meltable, freezing, dissolvable plugs; Destructible barriers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/25—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing including sample preparation
- Y10T436/2575—Volumetric liquid transfer
Definitions
- the invention relates to a microfluidic microchemomechanical system with integrated active elements and to a method for microfluidic process control in a microfluidic microchemomechanical system.
- microfluidic processors are primarily used in biological, biochemical and chemical processes, with their focus primarily on their use as “labs on chips” (LOC), “chip labs” or “micro-total-analysis systems” (TAS) scientific developments.
- LOC las on chips
- TAS microwave-total-analysis systems
- the LOC concept offers many advantages. Reducing fluid volumes allows for the analysis of minute sample volumes and economical handling of reagents and samples that are often valuable, rare, harmful or dangerous. This also higher throughputs are achievable, since due to the small quantities shortened provisioning, mixing and reaction times are required with minimal energy consumption. Due to lower system response times, process control can also be easier.
- LOC setups enable significant process rationalization by dramatically reducing process time, increasing throughput and reducing the amount of media required (subjects, analytes, reagents, auxiliary media).
- Microfluidic systems with active elements are known in the prior art.
- active fluidic elements based on solid-state actuators, such as piezoactuators [US 5,224,843, US 2003/0143122] and shape memory actuators [US 5,659,171] are described. Although they are well miniaturized as individual elements, but have a complicated structure, are fixed to certain, usually not plastic-based materials and must therefore be made separately. A possible hybrid integration (eg sticking of the elements to the LOC) is generally uneconomical.
- Transducer elements which are based on changes in the state of matter, can be integrated into the layout of the channel structure supports with sometimes minor interventions and are therefore usually compatible with the production process of the plastic molded parts of the channel structure support.
- fuses R. Pal et al., Anal. Chem. 16 (2004) 13, pp 3740-3748
- freezing elements US 6,536,476
- thermal bubble generators US 6,283,718.
- DE 101 57 317 A1 discloses a basic element of a microfluidic processor, which is electronically compatible by controlling the degree of swelling of swellable polymer networks with volume phase transition behavior, in particular hydrogels, via an electrically or electronically controllable interface size.
- the controllable environmental variables or interface variables are preferably physical quantities which can be generated simply by electronic or electrical means and trigger volume phase transitions in swellable polymer networks.
- a very easily generated electrical control variable is the temperature.
- hydrogel-based active elements The disadvantage of these hydrogel-based active elements is, above all, the necessity of using electrically producible control variables for generating volume phase transitions, whereby an operation of such microfluidic systems is bound to electrical components. As a result, a self-sufficient use of microfluidic systems is excluded.
- WO 2008/049413 discloses a microfluidic system with active elements, which can be controlled without auxiliary energy.
- hydrogel-based active elements are disclosed above all, which enable a volume phase transition as a function of temperature or solvent.
- the active elements cause an active function by means of a change in the degree of swelling or of the mechanical properties.
- swelling agent barriers are disclosed which swell by absorption of the solvent and consequently cause a limitation of the swelling agent supply.
- auxiliary energy-free active elements allows a largely self-sufficient use of microfluidic systems, especially in diagnostics, whereby the elimination of external electrical energy sources and the use of chemical energy sources would favor the establishment of disposable analysis systems.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to specify a microfluidic microchemomechanical system which has active, energy-free operated elements, and is thus able to perform volumetrically defined mixing reactions in defined time sequences.
- microfluidic microchemomechanical system according to claim 1.
- Advantageous embodiments are specified in the dependent claims.
- the microfluidic system comprises integrated active elements, which can be activated without energy-energy by influenceable environmental variables and effecting active functions by changing their swelling state or their mechanical properties.
- the microfluidic microchemical system comprises at least one structural support with at least one first channel, which as a rule belongs to a first channel system with a first process medium.
- it includes at least one cover which at least partially covers the structural support and at least one second duct of a second duct system, which is integrated either on the structural support, which already carries the first duct of a first duct system, or in the cover.
- the first and second channels have reservoir spaces in a common overlay area.
- the reservoir cavities are limited by active elements and are capable of forming a common reaction chamber.
- auxiliary energy-free is understood to mean the renunciation of the supply of energy from an external electrical or thermal energy source to the active elements according to the invention.
- microfluidic elements which can be activated by electrical and thermal energy, by way of example thermally or electrically switchable hydrogels may be mentioned here.
- an overlapping area is understood to be the part between two connectable reservoir spaces which have a common wall.
- this mixing zone the mixing of the first and second liquid, which flows into the reaction chamber takes place.
- an active element or an active function means an active mechanical element or an active mechanical function.
- the cover is designed as an upper structural support in an arrangement of at least two structural supports.
- a membrane in the overlay region of the first and second channel systems, a membrane is disposed between the first and second channels, thereby dividing the common reaction chamber into a first reservoir space and a second reservoir space.
- the second liquid could enter via the common reaction chamber in the first channel, whereby an undefined mixing of the first and second liquid would not be done as desired in the common reaction chamber, but already in the first channel.
- the volumetrically undefined mixtures thus generated would be insufficient for analysis.
- the membrane is designed as an active membrane.
- the membrane between the first and second reaction space is made of a liquid-soluble material.
- the membrane can be dissolved after filling the first and second reservoirs with the two liquids, whereby the reservoir cavities are connected to the common reaction chamber and can be done in this as intended, a mixing of the liquids.
- This advantageously takes place when the further active elements, which delimit the reaction chamber and are designed as swellable swelling agent barriers, prevent a subsequent flow of the liquids out of the channels into the reaction chamber.
- the membrane can be configured according to the needs of the application so that the time course of the resolution allows mixing of the liquids in the reaction chamber at the desired time.
- the temporal dissolving behavior of the membrane in contact with liquid can be set constructively both by the choice of material and the thickness of the membrane. This is particularly advantageous because an undefined displacement of the liquids can thus be avoided when flow slow-downs occur in one of the two channels and an associated retarded inflow into the reaction chamber.
- more than two Channel systems may be interconnected as described to perform mixing operations with more than two liquids.
- the active element in the bottom region of the second reservoir space of the reaction chamber is designed as a delivery system of active substances and other substances.
- active substances and / or other substances may be embedded or fixed in the active element, wherein a release of these active substances and / or other substances takes place through the activating environmental variable.
- active substances and / or other substances such as enzymes, substrates, precursors, etc., can be immobilized in advance in the reaction chamber and mobilized in the presence of liquid, wherein the temporal release of the active and / or other substances are in turn adjusted according to user needs can.
- a release after activation of the reaction chamber limiting active elements is possible, so that the active and / or other substances are released into the volume defined by the reaction chamber. It is also conceivable that the release takes place before the dissolution of the membrane.
- the first case there would be a mixing of the first and second liquid in the reaction chamber, wherein the second liquid would already contain the active and / or other substances.
- the release into the reaction chamber would take place only after mixing the first and second liquid. This would be advantageous if first the first and second liquid should perform a reaction and the addition of a substrate, etc. is possible only after completion of this reaction.
- the targeted immobilization of the active substances and / or other substances opens up a broad possibility for the application of the microfluidic micromechanical system in analytics.
- the delivery system of active and other substances is formed, for example, as a depot or storage, which is activated by fluid presence. That's why you can call it an active element.
- Such a memory element could also be embodied as a polymer network. In the de-swelling process or dissolution process by liquid presence, it releases the swelling agent and the substances contained therein.
- the active elements are made activatable by liquid presence as environment size.
- both a change in the swelling state by liquid absorption and a resolution of the active element due to the liquid contact is conceivable.
- the active elements are designed to define the time sequence and the time behavior of the mixing of the first and second liquid.
- the active elements are controlled in their time behavior.
- the time behavior can be influenced.
- larger-sized active elements which experience an increase in volume due to the activating environmental variable, can achieve a faster suppression of the liquid flow than comparably smaller dimensioned active elements.
- a slower resolution due to greater dimensioning of the active element can be specifically adjusted, for example, even with liquid-soluble active elements.
- the time sequence can be controlled both material-dependent and dimension-dependent.
- the active elements are designed as swelling agent barriers or liquid-soluble barriers.
- an increase in volume of the active element would take place through a liquid absorption, whereby the channel containing the active element, is further narrowed until it due to complete filling of the channel cross-section to a stall in the channel and thus comes to a suppression of the flow.
- the active element designed as a swelling agent barrier is introduced into the channel of the microfluidic micromechanical system in a dried state. After the increase in volume of the swelling agent barrier due to liquid absorption, the swelling agent barrier remains in the swollen state. This means that after volume increase no swelling occurs, whereby the swelling agent barrier experiences only a single activation by the fluid intake. This is particularly advantageous when the swelling agent barrier is designed as a closing element, for example, to foreclose the reaction chamber against inflowing liquids.
- the active elements are designed as a liquid-soluble barrier, wetting of the barrier with the liquid in the channel achieves a dissolution of this barrier. As a result, as the dissolution of the barrier progresses, there is an increase in the flow through the channel cross-section and, as a result, the formation of a flow of the liquid through the channel.
- the basis for considering a dissolving element as an active element lies in its functional principle.
- the load-bearing capacity or mechanical compliance of a component can be changed by changing (a) the modulus of elasticity of the component material or (b) its cross-section.
- (b) is used as the basis of the active function.
- the resolvable active element fulfills the function of an opener valve as soon as the control signal "Liquid" is applied.
- the swelling agent barriers or liquid-soluble barriers are designed as valves. Due to the time-definable swelling or dissolution of the barriers, the active elements can perform valve functions within the microfluidic microchemomechanical system. As a result, the valves can exert both opener (liquid-soluble barrier) and closing functions (swelling agent barriers). Due to the time-definable and auxiliary energy-free function exercise such valves are preferably suitable for use in autarkic microfluidic systems. In this case, all active components that fulfill the function of an opener valve are understood as opener elements. This can be done by (a) lowering the modulus of elasticity in crosslinked, swellable polymers and (b) dissolving in liquid-soluble materials. The dissolving membranes are also considered as ⁇ ffnermaschine.
- the active elements consist of hydrogels which are chemically crosslinked and / or physically crosslinkable.
- hydrogels are understood as meaning a water-containing, but water-insoluble polymer whose molecules are chemically, eg. By covalent bonds, or physically, e.g. B. by looping the polymer chains are linked to a three-dimensional network.
- hydrophilic polymer components By incorporating hydrophilic polymer components, they swell in liquids with a considerable volume increase, but without losing their material cohesion. It is essential here that the hydrogels are formed so that they remain in the swollen state after contact with liquids.
- the active elements are hydrogels selected from a group consisting of e.g. Polyacrylamides, polyvinyl alcohols, polyacrylates, hydroxycellulose, polyvinylpyridines or polyglycols (e.g., polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol) and derivatives thereof.
- hydrogels selected from a group consisting of e.g. Polyacrylamides, polyvinyl alcohols, polyacrylates, hydroxycellulose, polyvinylpyridines or polyglycols (e.g., polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol) and derivatives thereof.
- the active elements are made of uncrosslinked polymers, salts or organic natural substances such as saccharides.
- the active elements are designed as liquid-soluble barriers.
- all materials can be used which form a solid, sol-gel or the like in the dried state and go into solution on contact with a liquid.
- the material base of the uncrosslinked polymers can in principle be the same as in the crosslinked polymers. While the polymers crosslinked into a three-dimensional network serve as swellable swelling agent barriers, the same polymers dissolve in the liquid when they are uncrosslinked because they are not together connected polymer chains can go into solution.
- the present invention also provides a method for microfluidic process control in a microfluidic micromechanical system, wherein a first liquid is introduced into a first channel, a second liquid is introduced into a second channel and a mixing of the first and second liquid in a reaction chamber, which is formed in the overlay region of the first and second channels takes place, wherein the time sequence of the mixing of the first and second liquid in the reaction chamber is determined by active elements.
- the above-described method steps are particularly advantageous for timing the mixing of two liquids in a microfluidic system.
- the respectively desired temporal sequence of process steps such as mixing, dissolution of barriers, closure of desired channel sections by means of swelling agent barriers, release of active substances and / or other substances can thereby be achieved in a user-specific manner.
- the temporal sequence of the mixing of the first and second liquid in the reaction chamber is determined by the active elements, which are liquid-soluble or designed as a swelling agent barrier.
- the method further comprises dissolving a liquid-soluble membrane which divides the reaction chamber into a first reservoir space and a second reservoir space through the first and second liquids prior to mixing the first second liquid.
- a liquid-soluble membrane which divides the reaction chamber into a first reservoir space and a second reservoir space through the first and second liquids prior to mixing the first second liquid.
- microfluidic microchemomechanical system for carrying out processes based on antigen-antibody reactions, carrying out processes based on the culture method, control and / or detection of processes based on a polymerase chain reaction and detection of enzyme activity of a biochemical process. Further applications based on chemical or biochemical mixing reactions are conceivable.
- the microfluidic microchemical system according to the invention is characterized by the fact that it mixes a first and a second energy-free Liquid in a reaction chamber with defined volume and in a time-controllable manner allows.
- immobilized active substances and / or other substances can be released in a time-controlled manner and thus enable reactions in the reaction chamber.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view of a microfluidic microchemomechanical system according to the invention, in FIG.
- Fig. 2a is a plan view of a stage of the micro-mechanical system shown in Fig. 1, in
- FIG. 2b is a cross-sectional view of the stage shown in Fig. 2a, in
- FIG. 3a is a plan view of a stage of another microfluidic, microchemomechanical system according to the invention, in FIG.
- FIG. 3b is a cross-sectional view of the stage shown in Fig. 3a, in
- FIG. 4 shows a representation of a further microfluidic microchemical system according to the invention with a 48 ⁇ 48 mixture matrix, in FIG.
- Fig. 5a is a plan view of a 2x2 cutout from the die of Fig. 4, in
- FIG. 5b shows a cross-sectional view of a die cutout shown in FIG. 5a, in FIG.
- 5c is a cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of a die cut-out shown in FIG. 5a, in FIG
- FIG. 6a shows a diagram for depicting the dependence of the cooperative diffusion coefficient of swelling agent barriers based on sodium acrylate hydrogels as a function of their standardized crosslinker concentration
- FIG Fig. 6b is a graph showing the dependencies of the closing time and the pressure resistance of swelling agent barriers based on sodium acrylate hydrogels depending on their normalized crosslinker concentration
- 6c is a diagram showing the dependencies of the closing time of swelling agent barriers based on sodium acrylate hydrogels as a function of the ratio of the volume of the hydrogel actuator in the dry initial state to the volume of the valve chamber,
- FIG. 7a is a diagram showing the dependence of the opening time of liquid-soluble barriers on the liquid-soluble material used and on the thickness of a barrier designed as a membrane,
- 7b is a diagram showing the dependence of the opening time of liquid-soluble barriers in the form of a PEG 10,000 opener valve on the valve length for different flow rates of the process medium,
- 7c is a graph showing the standard deviation of the opening time of liquid-soluble barriers in the form of a PEG 6000 opener valve from the valve length;
- Figure 9a shows the fluorescence intensity in the case of detection of human serum albumin (HSA) as a triplet at 423 nm after mixing with a detection reagent over time.
- HSA human serum albumin
- 9b is a calibration line for determining the protein concentration of human serum albumin (HSA) in a sample
- BSA bovine serum albumin
- FIG. 1 shows a microfluidic microchemical system according to the invention, which is designed as a self-sufficient and automatically operating microfluidic processor for equidistant long-term examinations.
- the microfluidic processor in Fig. 1 carries out long-term studies, which consist of identical analytical or other mixing reactions and which are repeated according to a defined schedule. Equidistant investigations are among the most common methods of science and technology. They are used inter alia to control critical parameters, eg. B. the monitoring of bioreactors, for enzyme analysis, the analysis of growth factors or the quality control of chemical and biological products.
- the microprocessor in Fig. 1 is divided into 192 serially connected, identical stages 1 and comprises a total of 2096 active elements 7 and 384 Reservoirippo 9,10.
- the operation of stage 1 ( Figure 2a) is as follows. The liquids 13 and 14 of the two channels 3 and 4 reach stage 1, so that the binary concentration switches from 0 to 1.
- This chemical signal activates the integrated active elements 7 and stimulates them to deliver their stored chemical energy in the form of a defined fluidic function in a time sequence predefined by the fluidic interconnection.
- the closing elements 7a for example consisting of the hydrogel sodium acrylate, close the inlets and outlets of Reservoirippo 9,10 and separate and dose so that Liquids 13,14.
- the closing time of the closing elements 7a is selected so that the reservoir cavities 9,10 are most likely completely filled with the liquids 13,14. It can be, for example, 45 s (ratio of volume V ge i of the sodium acrylate actuator to the volume of the reaction chamber 6 VK 1: 5.6, see also FIG.
- the membrane solves 7e (Fig. 2b), which separates the Reservoirsammlung 9,10, and connects 9,10 to the reaction chamber 6. Now, by mixing the liquids 13,14 the desired reaction occur.
- the membrane 7e which is embodied for example as an active membrane, must be mechanically stable so that it is not significantly deflected when the reservoir cavities 9, 10 are flooded. In addition, their dissolution or opening time must not be too short to avoid unwanted, premature mixing.
- a corresponding dimensional stability can be realized at an opening time of 7 min (see also Fig. 7a).
- ⁇ ffnerieri 7b which consist for example of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000, closed in the chamber bypasses.
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- the opener elements 7b are essential elements for sequential circuits with many stages or cascades. Without them, the fluidic resistances of the bypass channels would have to be much higher than the fluidic resistances of the channels leading to the reservoir spaces. This would lead to the number of series-switchable stages being limited to 3 or 4 due to the bypass resistors accumulating through the series connection.
- the opener element 7d defines the time until the activation of the next stage. After triggering the ⁇ ffnerimplantation 7d flood the liquids 13,14 the next stage. At this moment, the closing members 7c close the bypasses to the circulation channels 12 shown in Fig. 1. Also in the circuit combination of the elements 7c and 7d, it is possible to utilize the pressure rise across the opener member 7d due to the shutter of Fig. 7c to open 7d.
- the microprocessor shown in Figure 1 is capable of self-contained and automatic mixing reactions at time intervals of 2min (NC elements 7d of polyethylene glycol 6000 and an element length of 400 ⁇ " ⁇ , see also Fig. 7c), but it can also be up to 16 days long operate in self-contained and automatic mixing reactions at two-hour intervals (opening elements 7d from PEG 35000 and 1, 2 mm in length).
- the microfluidic microchemomechanical system in Fig. 1 has a two-level architecture (see Fig. 2b).
- the upper structural support 2a which for example also functions as a cover, contains the channel structure of the channel 3 for the liquid 13, while the lower channel structural support 2b carries the channel structure of the channel 4 for the liquid 14.
- both structural supports have a comparable design, which can essentially be mirrored.
- the channels 3 and 4 are for the example shown in FIG. 1 800 ⁇ wide and 140 ⁇ high.
- the bypass channels 8 are 400 ⁇ wide and 140 ⁇ high.
- the square diamonds for the closing elements have a volume of 1000 ⁇ 1000 ⁇ 140 ⁇ 5 (7a) or 800 ⁇ 800 ⁇ 140 ⁇ 5 (7c).
- the configuration of the active elements for the arrangements in Figures 1 and 2 is as follows: the thickness of the active membrane of uncrosslinked polyvinyl alcohol is 70 ⁇ .
- the length of the NC elements 7b (PEG 6000) is 400 ⁇ , the length of the NC elements 7d (PEG 6000) is 800 ⁇ .
- the microfluidic microchemical system shown in FIG. 1 is realized in FIG. 1 with only one structural support 2 and one unstructured cover 2 a. Both channel systems 3, 4 are located on the same structural support 2, d. h., in one plane. In the overlay region of the channels 3,4 is now a ⁇ ffnerelement, which is designed in principle as the ⁇ ffnerimplantation 7b, 7d, arranged between the reservoirs 9,10, which connects the two ReservoirLite 9,10 to the reaction chamber 6 after its dissolution.
- the monolithic microchips of the microfluidic microchemomechanical systems consist entirely of polymers.
- Structural supports 2 containing the channel networks are made, for example, of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and were prepared by multilayer soft lithography [D.C. Duffy, J.C. McDonald, O.J.A. Schueller, G.M. Whitesides, anal. Chem. 70 (1998), 4974-4984] using a large-area replication technology with solid-state masters [A., Richter, G. Paschew, Adv. Mater. 21 (2009), 979-983].
- the multilayer soft lithography under PDMS use is primarily suitable for research and demonstrator construction.
- thermoplastic polymers which may include, for example, polystyrene, polycarbonate, olefins such as cycloolefin, polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate.
- active elements 7 for example phase-variable polymers are used, which can be integrated into the microchip by simple microtechnical methods.
- Polyethylene glycols are photolithographically microstructured with stencil printing, sodium acrylate actuators.
- the active membranes of polyvinyl alcohol can be integrated, for example, with a pick-and-place technology.
- the microstructuring of the sodium acrylate actuators takes place by a photolithographic polymerization.
- An exemplary preparation procedure is based on a mixture of 2 g of sodium acrylate, 0.04 g of the crosslinker ⁇ /, ⁇ / '- methylenebisacrylamide (BIS), and 0.04 g of the photoinitiator 2-hydroxy-4' - (2-hydroxyethoxy) -2- Methylpropiophenone, all dissolved in 14 ml of distilled water. This solution is stirred under argon protective gas atmosphere for 24 h. For the discussion in FIGS. 6a and 6b, this stock solution is referred to as c 0 .
- the photopolymerization is also carried out under argon inert gas atmosphere either directly in the channel structures or in a photopolymerization chamber.
- the quality and networking properties of Sodium acrylate actuators depend on the polymerization time, the distance to the exposure source, the type of exposure source, and the height of the polymerization chamber.
- fusible polyethylene glycol are used for the ⁇ ffnerieri 7b and 7d, which are structurable with a stencil printing technology.
- a structured copper mask having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m was placed on the structural beams 2a, b such that their openings were located at the desired positions of the opening elements 7b, d.
- the molten PEG is placed on the copper mask and distributed with a metal blade, so that in the mask openings, the ⁇ ffneretti 7b, 7d formed in the structural beams 2a, 2b.
- the NC elements already produced have their geometric dimensions, but do not seal the channels.
- Hermetically sealed opener valves are achieved in a final microchip manufacturing step by briefly heating the already fully attached microchip slightly above the melting temperature of the PEG. The PEG structures melt and seal the channels tightly.
- a 5% polymer solution is poured into a mold and then dried.
- the height of the membrane produced in this way can be determined by the filling quantity and thus height of the solution in the casting mold.
- FIGS. 3a and 3b show the stage of another microprocessor, which also consists of sequentially connected stages.
- the stages have the task to perform several mixing reactions with different ratios simultaneously.
- the simultaneous performance of studies with different volume ratios of sample and analyte or simply two chemicals allows u.a. the determination of reaction kinetics, for example the determination of an enzyme activity.
- the mode of operation of the stage illustrated in FIGS. 3a and 3b will be explained on the basis of the examination of an enzyme kinetics.
- a liquid which contains the enzyme of interest, for example, laccase, a polyphenol oxidase of the fungus Trametes versicolor.
- the enzyme of interest for example, laccase, a polyphenol oxidase of the fungus Trametes versicolor.
- the first closed ⁇ ffnerelement 7d the medium is forced, the five parallel channel structures, which for example have a width of 400 mm, height 140 ⁇ , with Reservoir spaces 9 to flood.
- the process medium flows via the bypass 8 in the direction of the circulation channel 12 acting as a drain. This takes place until the opening element 7d, which is made of PEG 6000 and has a length of, has opened and the medium can flow in the channel 3 to the next stage.
- Each of the now hermetically sealed reaction chambers now contains a volume of enzyme-containing process medium corresponding to the size of the reservoir space 9.
- each reservoir chamber 9 in the floor space has a depot 11, in which an analyte in the form of a dried, liquid-soluble active element 7f has already been introduced during the microchip position.
- the analyte-containing active element 7f consists, for example, of dried, immobilized substrate 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) in a malonate buffer. The presence of the aqueous process medium causes the substrate to dissolve and start the mixing reactions.
- the Reservoirs 9 and the depots 1 1 therein represent, for example, volume ratios of sample to analyte of 1: 3, 1: 2, 3: 1, 2: 1 and 1: 1.
- FIG. 4 shows a microfluidic microchemical system according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a [48x48] matrix processor.
- An example application scenario of such a [48x48] matrix processor is the parallel examination of 48 samples for 48 parameters, such as for screening purposes.
- the advantage of such matrix processors is that all examinations are carried out at exactly the same conditions at the same time.
- the massively parallel execution of the tests also brings the advantages of high integration to bear, so that series of tests, which typically take days or weeks, are feasible in hours.
- the [48x48] matrix processor performs 2304 exams simultaneously and fully automatically. It has a total of 2401 closing elements 7a and 2304 active membranes 7e. Its operation is explained below with reference to FIGS. 5a and 5b for a [4 ⁇ 4] matrix detail and an example configuration.
- liquids, in the line channels 15 and 16 and the column channels 17 and 18 are simultaneously and at the same flow rate liquids, in the line channels 15 and 16, for example, sample liquids, in the column channels 17 and 18, for example, analytes introduced.
- the liquids of the row channels 15, 16 flood the Reservoirsammlung 9, the liquids of the column channels 17,18 flood simultaneously the Reservoirsammlung 10.
- FIG. 5c it is illustrated in FIG. 5c that by inserting further fluidic levels in each matrix point, more than two liquids can be mixed with one another.
- a further central structural support 2c is integrated into the overall structure, which has a similar configuration of active elements 7a, 7e as the two other structural supports 2a, 2b.
- This simple stacking of three structural carriers makes it possible to combine three reservoir chambers 9, 10, 19, which are fed by different channels 16, 18, 21, into a reaction chamber 6 and thus to mix three liquids together in one matrix point.
- FIGS. 6a, 6b and 6c show possibilities of predefining the parameters of the closing elements 7a, 7c, in particular the closing time and the pressure resistance, by choice of material and design parameters.
- FIG. 6a clarifies that the closing time can be preset by the hydrophilicity or the cooperative diffusion coefficient of the selected material.
- Two types of hydrogels can be distinguished, neutral hydrogels and polyelectrolytic hydrogels.
- Neutral hydrogels such as cross-linked polyacrylamide, poly (/ V-isopropylacrylamide), polymethylvinylether, polyvinylalcohol or polyethylene glycol have cooperative diffusion coefficients D coop in the order of 10 "7 cm 2 s " 1 .
- hydrogels are predestined as a material basis for relatively slow closing elements with closing times in the minute or hour range.
- Polyelectrolyte hydrogels which ionizable groups, for example acid or base groups, which have, due to additional inter- and intra-molecular electrostatic interactions which act expansive, cooperative diffusion coefficient in the order of 10 "7 to 10" 5 cm 2 s' 1.
- Polyelectrolyte hydrogels which are used as superabsorbent, have the largest D coop.This includes the hydrogel sodium acrylate.As shown in Fig.
- D coop of sodium acrylate depends on the crosslinking conditions.
- the more crosslinker ⁇ /, ⁇ / '- methylenebisacrylamide (BIS) used The larger the cooperative diffusion coefficient, the faster the hydrogel swells. From a normalized concentration of c / c 0 7, the influence of the crosslinker content decreases significantly.
- Figure 6b illustrates that the closing time of a sodium acrylate closing element increases with increasing crosslinker concentration. This is not a contradiction to the statement of FIG. 6a.
- the hydrogel is effectively slower despite higher co- op , since a higher crosslinker content results in a higher crosslinker density of the hydrogel.
- the higher crosslinker density leads to more mechanically stable hydrogels, so that the compressive strength of the closure elements increases with increasing crosslinker content or increasing crosslinking density of the sodium acrylate actuators.
- the closing time of the closing elements can also be adjusted by a constructive variable, namely the ratio of the dry volume of the sodium acrylate hydrogel actuator to the reaction chamber volume of the closing element seat (FIG. 6c).
- the opening times of ⁇ ffnerijnn 7b, 7d and 7e can also be preset by the choice of material (Fig. 7a).
- Of great importance for the opening time is a constructive parameter: the thickness of the active membranes (FIG. 7a) and the length of the opening elements (FIG. 7b).
- For membranes are advantageous polymers with a high glass transition temperature. These polymers are mechanically stable and it is possible to produce thin, rigid membranes.
- an enzymatic test for determining the uric acid content is described.
- the uric acid content in serum or urine provides information about the degradation of purine bases and is used in, for example, Suspected gout, surveillance used in cell-destroying processes and stone suffering.
- the recommended upper limit for men is 416 ⁇ / ⁇ .
- the test is performed as a coupled enzyme assay where uric acid is oxidized by uricase. This produces hydrogen peroxide, which can be detected with a peroxidase (HRP).
- HRP peroxidase
- the substrate Amplex Red (5 mM in DMSO) with 99 times the volume of an enzyme solution (0.1 M Tris / HCl, pH 7.4, 0.2 U / ml uricase, 0.2 U / ml HRP) and introduced into a stage 1 of the microfluidic, microchemomechanical system.
- the resulting reaction solution is then introduced via the second channel 4 into the second reservoir space, while the first reservoir space 9 is filled with the same volume of the sample to be investigated (contains 0-100 ⁇ uric acid) via the first channel 3.
- the soluble membrane 7e which separates the two reservoirs 9, 10 from each other, dissolves due to the liquid contact, whereby the reaction chamber 6 is formed and the reactants are mixed.
- a fluorescence at 590 nm can be detected after excitation with light (530 nm).
- the concentration can be calculated by a corresponding calibration from the intensity of the fluorescence.
- a protein detection with ortho-phthalaldehyde is described.
- the protein is reacted with the detection reagent OPA with the participation of a thiol-containing component, such as mercaptoethanol.
- a thiol-containing component such as mercaptoethanol.
- Detection reagent (6 g / ml OPA, 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, 0.05% vol.
- FIGS. 8a and 8b show the time-dependent course of the detected fluorescence intensity of four samples at a wavelength of 455 nm.
- the corresponding protein concentration (FIG. 8a) can be determined from a calibration line (FIG. 8b) based on BSA as the reference protein.
- the signal can be read out directly (GFP 475/530 nm) or the reaction solution (0.1 M Tris / HCl, pH 7.5, 10 ⁇ H 2 O 2 , 50 ⁇ Amplex Red) must now be added to obtain the read out the resulting signal (Amplex Red Ex: 530 nm Em: 590 nm).
- the supply of the washing solution can take place via the first or second channel 3,4.
- HSA human serum albumin
- FIG. 9 a shows the time-dependent course of the detected fluorescence intensity of a triple determination of an HSA sample (0.3 mg / ml) at a wavelength of 423 nm.
- the reaction reaches a stable intensity maximum at about 1500 after about 15 minutes corresponding protein concentration can be determined from a calibration line based on BSA as a reference protein.
- Figure 9a shows the detected fluorescence intensity in the case of detection of HSA as a triplet at 423 nm after mixing with a detection reagent over time (gain: 178).
- the corresponding protein concentration of the sample can be determined via a calibration line (FIG. 9b) (gain: 100).
- Fluorescamine reacts with amino acids to form pyrolinone derivatives that can be excited at a wavelength of 395 nm, whereby a fluorescence maximum at 470 nm can be detected.
- FIG. 10 shows the determined concentration-dependent fluorescence intensity of a triple determination of a BSA sample at an excitation wavelength of 395 nm.
- the fluorescence intensity increases with increasing concentration of BSA.
- the detection of bovine serum albumin (BSA) is carried out in triplicate at 470 nm after mixing with fluorescamine (gain: 80).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| DE102012206042A DE102012206042B4 (de) | 2012-04-13 | 2012-04-13 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur gezielten Prozessführung in einem Mikrofluidik-Prozessor mit integrierten aktiven Elementen |
| PCT/EP2013/057631 WO2013153181A1 (de) | 2012-04-13 | 2013-04-11 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur gezielten prozessführung in einem mikrofluidik-prozessor mit integrierten aktiven elementen |
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| EP2836302A1 true EP2836302A1 (de) | 2015-02-18 |
| EP2836302B1 EP2836302B1 (de) | 2021-12-08 |
| EP2836302B8 EP2836302B8 (de) | 2022-01-12 |
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| US (1) | US9272281B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2836302B8 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102012206042B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2013153181A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4450161A1 (de) | 2023-04-18 | 2024-10-23 | Technische Universität Dresden Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts | Mikrofluidische vorrichtung und verfahren zum aktivieren dieser |
| DE102023129147A1 (de) * | 2023-10-24 | 2025-04-24 | Technische Universität Dresden, Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts | Fluidische Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Probenvorbereitung mit einer fluidischen Vorrichtung |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US12290811B2 (en) | 2015-01-23 | 2025-05-06 | Unchained Labs | Microfluidic serial dilution platform based well-plate using an oil-free immiscible phase driven by manual or electronic pipettors |
| EP3307437A4 (de) * | 2015-06-11 | 2018-12-12 | Neofluidics LLC | Manuelle oder elektronische pipettenbetriebene mikrotiterplatte für nanolitertröpfchenlagerung und verfahren zur verwendung davon |
| DE102016124059B4 (de) | 2016-07-25 | 2019-12-19 | Leibniz-Institut Für Festkörper- Und Werkstoffforschung Dresden E.V. | Vorrichtung für die mikrofluidik |
| WO2018200896A1 (en) | 2017-04-28 | 2018-11-01 | Neofluidics, Llc | Fluidic devices with reaction wells and uses thereof |
| CA3072328A1 (en) | 2017-08-09 | 2019-02-14 | Neofluidics, Llc | Devices and methods for bioassay |
| EP3706905A4 (de) | 2017-11-10 | 2021-11-03 | Neofluidics, LLC | Integrierte fluidische schaltung und vorrichtung zur tröpfchenmanipulation und verfahren dafür |
| EP3870369A4 (de) | 2018-10-26 | 2022-11-09 | Neofluidics, LLC | Fluidische vorrichtungen mit reaktionsmulden und verengungskanälen und verwendungen davon |
| JP7614924B2 (ja) * | 2021-04-20 | 2025-01-16 | 東京応化工業株式会社 | ナノインプリント用組成物及びパターン形成方法 |
| DE102022125010A1 (de) | 2022-09-28 | 2024-03-28 | Leibniz-Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Dresden e.V. (IFW Dresden e.V.) | Mikrofluidisches Bauteil |
| WO2026015653A2 (en) * | 2024-07-09 | 2026-01-15 | Sherlock Biosciences, Inc. | Power-free fluidic device |
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| DE69533554T2 (de) * | 1994-11-10 | 2005-01-27 | Orchid Biosciences, Inc. | Flüssigkeitsverteilungssystem |
| US6030580A (en) * | 1997-10-31 | 2000-02-29 | Enerfab, Inc. | Method of aseptically transporting bulk quantities of sterile products |
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| JP4784508B2 (ja) * | 2004-05-07 | 2011-10-05 | コニカミノルタエムジー株式会社 | 検査用マイクロリアクタおよび検査装置ならびに検査方法 |
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| DE102006051535A1 (de) * | 2006-10-27 | 2008-12-18 | Andreas Dr. Richter | Automatischer Mikrofluidik-Prozessor |
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- 2013-04-11 WO PCT/EP2013/057631 patent/WO2013153181A1/de not_active Ceased
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4450161A1 (de) | 2023-04-18 | 2024-10-23 | Technische Universität Dresden Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts | Mikrofluidische vorrichtung und verfahren zum aktivieren dieser |
| DE102023109715A1 (de) | 2023-04-18 | 2024-10-24 | Technische Universität Dresden, Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts | Mikrofluidische Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Aktivieren dieser |
| DE102023129147A1 (de) * | 2023-10-24 | 2025-04-24 | Technische Universität Dresden, Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts | Fluidische Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Probenvorbereitung mit einer fluidischen Vorrichtung |
| EP4545180A1 (de) | 2023-10-24 | 2025-04-30 | Technische Universität Dresden Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts | Fluidische vorrichtung und verfahren zur probenvorbereitung mit einer fluidischen vorrichtung |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| US20150044688A1 (en) | 2015-02-12 |
| DE102012206042B4 (de) | 2013-11-07 |
| EP2836302B1 (de) | 2021-12-08 |
| WO2013153181A1 (de) | 2013-10-17 |
| US9272281B2 (en) | 2016-03-01 |
| EP2836302B8 (de) | 2022-01-12 |
| DE102012206042A1 (de) | 2013-10-31 |
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