Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G12/00—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G14/00—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with two or more other monomers covered by at least two of the groups C08G8/00 - C08G12/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L61/00—Compositions of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L61/00—Compositions of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L61/20—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen
  • C08L61/26—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen of aldehydes with heterocyclic compounds
  • C08L61/28—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen of aldehydes with heterocyclic compounds with melamine
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J161/00—Adhesives based on condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09J161/02—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones only

Definitions

• the invention relates to aminoplast particles which are composed of at least one aminoplast, wherein the particles have a specific surface area of from 1 to 500 m 2 / g and a mean particle diameter of from 5 to 500 ⁇ m.
• the invention further relates to a process for the preparation of these aminoplast particles, to a molding which contains aminoplast particles and to a production process for the molding and to the use of the aminoplast particles and the molding, for example as a plastic membrane in batteries.
• A. Renner, Makromolekulare Chem. 120, 68-86 (1968) discloses the precipitation or gelation of melamine-formaldehyde condensation products in the presence of protective colloids.
• porous Aminoplast particles are described with a specific surface area of ⁇ 100 m 2 / g at a particle size of 1-5 ⁇ and ⁇ 500 ⁇ . Above 100 m 2 / g, only particles in colloidal form are described. Also described is the chemical incorporation of the protective colloid into the polymer particles.
• protective colloids methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose or polyvinyl alcohol are listed. In the presence of surfactants, however, no particle structure is obtained.
• EP-A-0 415 273 describes a process for the preparation of spherical hard mono- or oligodisperse particles of 0.1 to 100 ⁇ m diameter by condensing melamine-formaldehyde precondensates which are clearly soluble in water in any ratio in an aqueous solution Solution of a water-soluble polymer carrying strong acid groups and having a K value of 100 to 160, at pH 3 to 6 and at 20 to 100 ° C.
• the resulting cloudy solution is condensed out until consumption of the precondensate, whereby a dispersion of the particles is formed.
• the dispersion is neutralized.
• the particles may be used in the form of the aqueous dispersion or after isolation from the dispersion.
• the particles are spherical, hard non-swellable particles, the z. B. can be used as size for plastics, polishers, matting agents, extruders and / or as a pigment.
• No. 5,866,202 describes the preparation of finely pulverulent, polymer materials with metal-coated surfaces which have a specific surface area of 2 to 300 m 2 / g.
• finely divided aminoplasts are first prepared from aminoplast precondensates by polycondensation in the form of microcapsules, microspheres, hollow spheres, compact and / or porous powders and then finally provided with a metallized surface.
• DD277 91 1 A1 describes a process for the preparation of finely divided, spherical amino resin solids based on known amino resin precondensates by polycondensation in the reaction system water, organic solvent, acid catalyst.
• the preserving products can be used in particular as corresponding sorbents, or carriers and fillers in polymers and have in comparison to known finely divided Aminoharzfeststoffen an increased proportion of meso- and micropores and a significantly increased sorption for a variety of liquid hydrophobic substances or dissolved in liquid media hydrophobic Substances on.
• DE-A-1495379 describes a process for the preparation of finely divided, insoluble and infusible aminoplast particles having an inner surface area> 10 m 2 / g, when starting from an aqueous solution of melamine and formaldehyde in a molar ratio between 1, 5 and 6 at temperatures between 0 ° C and 140 ° C and pH values between 6 and 0 forms a solid phase, this at least largely freed of inorganic particles, dehydrated at temperatures between 30 and 160 ° C and comminuted to an average particle size of less than 5 ⁇ .
• the aminoplast particles of the prior art have the disadvantage that mostly only small particle sizes of at most 5 ⁇ m are achieved, a high specific surface is obtained only after a carbonization process, high specific surface areas of> 100 m 2 / g only for colloidal particles occur and particles with a maximum size of 5 ⁇ are too small for many applications.
• This has the disadvantage that the particles are unsuitable for many applications due to their shape and particle size. There is therefore a need for particles that are suitable for many applications because of their particle size, shape and associated surface.
• the object of the present invention is thus to provide aminoplast particles which overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.
• porous aminoplast particles containing at least 50 wt .-% of an aminoplast were found, wherein the particles have a specific surface area of 1 to 500 m 2 / g, preferably 4 to 300 m 2 / g, particularly preferably 10 to 250 m 2 / g and a mean particle diameter of 5 to 500 ⁇ , preferably from 6 to 200 ⁇ and more preferably from 10 to 150 ⁇ .
• Aminoplast particles can be obtained, for example, by the condensation of formaldehyde with compounds containing two or more amino groups, such as urea / thiourea, melamine, cyanamide, diaminohexane, available particulate solids.
• Suitable aminoplasts for the particles are, for example, urea-formaldehyde condensates, melamine-formaldehyde condensates or mixtures thereof, melamine-urea-formaldehyde condensates, melamine-urea-phenol-formaldehyde condensates or mixtures thereof.
• These condensates may be partially or completely etherified with alcohols, preferably C 1 to C 4 alcohols, in particular methanol or butanol. Preference is given to etherified and / or unetherified melamine-formaldehyde condensates, particularly preferably unetherified melamine-formaldehyde condensates.
• the aminoplast can be present as a copolymer or as a polymer blend.
• an aminoplast can be used with an acrylic resin.
• the aminoplast particles have a maximum distribution D v o, 9-D v0, i / D v0 , 5 of ⁇ 2.5, preferably of ⁇ 1, 5, in particular of ⁇ 0.7.
• the aminoplast particles can have two distributions (bimodal distribution) and the distance between the maximum values can be at least 40 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 20 ⁇ m.
• the aminoplast particles contain 70-100% by weight of aminoplast and 0-30% by weight of additives.
• fillers may be used, such as silica, precipitated silica, silica gel or fumed silica, mica, montmorillonite, kaolinite, asbestos, talc, kieselguhr, vermiculite, natural and synthetic zeolites, cement, calcium silicate, aluminum silicate, sodium aluminum silicate, Aluminum polysilicate, aluminum silica gels, gypsum and glass particles or finely divided, particulate, substantially water-insoluble fillers such as carbon black, charcoal, graphite or titanium dioxide.
• fillers such as silica, precipitated silica, silica gel or fumed silica, mica, montmorillonite, kaolinite, asbestos, talc, kieselguhr, vermiculite, natural and synthetic zeolites, cement, calcium silicate, aluminum silicate, sodium aluminum silicate, Aluminum polysilicate, aluminum silica gels, gypsum and glass particles or finely divided, particulate, substantially water-insoluble fillers such as carbon black
• the porous aminoplast particles according to the invention preferably contain 85 to 100 wt .-%, particularly preferably 95 to 100 wt .-%, in particular 100 wt .-% of aminoplasts and 0 to 15 wt .-%, particularly preferably 0 to 5 wt. %, in particular 0 to 3 wt .-% additives. When using the additives their minimum amount is preferably 0.01 wt .-%.
• no polysaccharide is contained in the particles.
• Polysaccharides also called multiple sugars, multiple sugars, glycans / glycans
• Polysaccharides are carbohydrates that are linked by a large number (at least 10) monosaccharides (simple sugars) via a glycosidic linkage.
• a polysaccharide may be understood as meaning starch, modified starch, cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, agar, carrageenan, guar gum, gum arabic, pectin, xanthan, or mixtures thereof.
• no polysaccharide is chemically bound or mixed into the aminoplast particles.
• the aminoplast particles have a spherical geometry.
• the flowability can thereby be improved.
• it is also possible that the aminoplast particles have a non-spherical geometry.
• the aminoplast particles have a porosity of 5 to 90%.
• the porosity indicates the ratio of the void space within a structure and the remaining aminoplast material.
• a porosity of the porous particle is preferably in a range of 5 to 85%, preferably in the range of 10 to 40%.
• the aminoplast particles consist of a core and a cladding, wherein the cladding at least partially surrounds the core.
• the core can have a spherical geometry and requires from 1 to 50% by volume, in particular from 5 to 40% by volume, of the ideal spherical volume.
• the core has no or less porosity than the cladding.
• the pore diameter is in a range from 1 nm to 20 ⁇ m, preferably in a range from 10 nm to 1 ⁇ m, particularly preferably in a range from 20 nm to 100 nm.
• Another subject matter of the invention relates to a process for the preparation of aminoplastics. Particles comprising the steps of: a) providing an aminoplast precondensate as component A,
• an aminoplast precondensate can be understood as meaning urea-formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde, melamine-urea-formaldehyde or melamine-urea-phenol-formaldehyde condensates known to the person skilled in the art, which have been precondensed to give oligomers and are storable were stabilized. These are also known to the person skilled in the art as resins, for example amino resins or phenol-formaldehyde resins.
• the aminoplast precondensates can be precondensed under basic conditions, in order then to be made storage-stable in the neutral pH range.
• aminoplast precondensates may be partially etherified with C1-C4 alcohols.
• the aminoplast precondensates are liquid at room temperature.
• aminoplast resin are here polycondensation products of compounds having at least one, optionally partially substituted with organic radicals, carbamide group (the carbamide group is also called carboxamide) and an aldehyde, preferably formaldehyde understood.
• aminoplast resins As a suitable aminoplast resin, all of the specialist, preferably known for the production of wood materials, aminoplast resins can be used. Such resins and their preparation are described for example in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 4th, revised and expanded edition, Verlag Chemie, 1973, pages 403 to 424 "Aminoplasts” and Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Vol. A2, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, 1985, Pages 1 15 to 141 "Amino Resins” as well as in M. Dunky, P. Niemz, wood materials and glues, Springer 2002, pages 251 to 259 (UF resins) and pages 303 to 313 (MUF and UF with a small amount of melamine) ,
• Preferred aminoplast resins are polycondensation products of compounds having at least one, also partially substituted by organic radicals, carbamide group and formaldehyde.
• Particularly preferred aminoplast resins are urea-formaldehyde resins (UF resins), melamine-formaldehyde resins (MF resins) or melamine-containing, urea-formaldehyde resins (MUF resins).
• very preferred aminoplast resins are polycondensation products of compounds with at least one, also partially substituted by organic radicals, amino group and aldehyde, wherein the molar ratio of aldehyde: optionally partially substituted with organic radicals amino group in the range of 0.3 to 1 , 0, preferably 0.3 to 0.60, more preferably 0.3 to 0.45, most preferably 0.30 to 0.40.
• very preferred aminoplast resins are polycondensation products of compounds having at least one amino group -IMH2 and formaldehyde, wherein the molar ratio of formaldehyde: -NH2 group in the range of 0.3 to 1, preferably 0.3 to 0.60, particularly preferably 0 , 3 to 0.45, most preferably 0.30 to 0.40.
• aminoplast particles are obtainable by the process according to the invention, wherein preferably the aminoplast particles, which are composed of at least one aminoplast, have a specific surface area of 1 to 500 m 2 / g, preferably 4 to 300 m 2 / g, particularly preferably 10 to 250 m 2 / g and an average particle diameter of 5 to 500 ⁇ , preferably from 6 to 200 ⁇ and particularly preferably from 10 to 150 ⁇ .
• step a) can be understood as meaning that the aminoplast precondensate is dissolved in a solvent.
• the aminoplast precondensate may contain from 1 to 50% by weight, preferably from 5 to 40% by weight, and especially preferred to be diluted to 10 to 30 wt .-% with water.
• an aminoplast precondensate having a melamine / formaldehyde ratio in a range of 1: 1 to 1:10, and preferably in a range of 1: 2 to 1: 6 is used.
• the surfactant can be selected from the group comprising cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants or mixtures thereof.
• Suitable anionic surfactants are sulfates, sulfonates, carboxylates, phosphates and mixtures thereof.
• Suitable cations here are alkali metals, such as sodium or potassium or alkaline earth metals, such as calcium or magnesium, and ammonium, substituted ammonium compounds, including mono-, di- or Triethanolammoni- umkationen, and mixtures thereof.
• acylaminocarboxylic acids which are acylsarcosinates formed by reaction of fatty acid chlorides with sodium sarcosinate in an alkaline medium
• salts of alkylsulfamidocarboxylic acids such as oleylglycerol sulfates, alkylphenol ether sulfates, alkyl phosphates, alkyl ether phosphates, isethionates, such as acyl isethionates, N-acyl taurides, alkyl succinates, sulfosuccinates, esters of sulfosuccinates, acyl sarcosinates, sulfates of alkyl polysaccharides such as sulfates of alkyl polyglycosides and branched primary alkyl sulfates.
• anionic sulfate surfactants include the linear and branched primary and secondary alkyl sulfates, Aralkylsulfate, Alkylethoxysul- fate, Fettoleoylglycerolsulfate, alkyl phenol, the C 5 -C 7 acyl-N- (Ci-C 4 - alkyl) - and -N ( C 1 -C 2 -hydroxyalkyl) glucamine sulfates, and sulfates of alkyl polysaccharides, such as the sulfates of alkyl polyglucoside.
• Anionic surfactants are for example fatty alcohol alcohol sulfates of fatty alcohols with 8 to 22, pre preferably 10 to 18 carbon atoms, for example C 9 - to Cn-alcohol sulfates, C 12 - to C 3 - alcohol sulfates, cetyl, myristyl, palmityl, stearyl and Talgfettalkoholsulfat. Particularly preferred is sodium dodecyl sulfate.
• anionic surfactants are sulfated ethoxylated C 8 - to C 22 -alcohols (alkyl ether sulfates) or their soluble salts.
• Compounds of this type are prepared, for example, by first obtaining a C 8 - to C 22 -, preferably a C 10 - to C
• Ethylene oxide is preferably used for the alkoxylation, 2 to 50, preferably 3 to 20, mol of ethylene oxide being used per mole of fatty alcohol.
• alkoxylation of the alcohols can also be carried out with propylene oxide alone and optionally butylene oxide.
• those alkoxylated C 8 - to C 22 -alcohols which contain ethylene oxide and propylene oxide or ethylene oxide and butylene oxide.
• anionic sulfonate surfactants are also suitable.
• Suitable anionic sulfonate surfactants for use herein include the salts of linear C 5 -C 2 o-alkylbenzenesulfonates, aralkylbenzenesulfonates, alkyl ester sulfonates, C 6 -C 22 primary or secondary alkanesulfonates, C 6 -C 24 olefinsulfonates, sulfonated polycarboxylic acids, alkyl glycerol sulfonates, Fatty acylglycerol sulfonates, fatty oleyl glycerol sulfonates and any mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred is sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.
• Nonionic surfactants may be condensation products of ethylene oxide having a hydrophobic base formed by condensation of propylene oxide with propylene glycol.
• nonionic surfactants may preferably be ethoxylates, propoxylates and / or ethoxylates / propoxylates of fatty alcohols.
• Fatty alcohols are alkyl alcohols having 6 to 22, in particular having 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical.
• the alkyl radicals are preferably linear, but may also be branched. They can be saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated. It is possible to use fatty alcohol alkoxylates with only one alkyl radical or those having different alkyl radicals, such as are derived from the fatty acids in naturally occurring vegetable or animal fats and oils.
• a polysaccharide is added as component C.
• a polysaccharide may be starch, modified starch, cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, agar, carrageenan, guar gum, gum arabic, pectin, xanthan, or mixtures be understood from it. Gum arabic is particularly preferred.
• step b) subsequent heating of components A, B and C and, if appropriate, solvent to at least 40 ° C to 120 ° C, preferably at least 50 ° C to 1 15 ° C, in particular at least 60 ° C to 105 ° C. and the addition of an acid as component D.
• the mixture obtained can be stirred for 2-100 minutes, preferably for 5-80 minutes, in particular for 8-30.
• an acid can be understood as meaning, for example, an organic carboxylic acid such as formic acid, acetic acid or propionic acid or an inorganic acid, for example a mineral acid such as sulfuric acid and derivatives thereof, for example methanesulfonic acid or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid or phosphoric acid.
• the acid may be dissolved in a solvent such as water, aqueous salt solutions, organic solvents or mixtures thereof.
• the acid can serve as a hardener to convert the aminoplast precondensate to an aminoplast.
• At least two of the steps a), b) or c) can be carried out simultaneously.
• a base can be used to terminate the reaction.
• bases for terminating the reaction organic and inorganic bases can be used.
• the method according to the invention may additionally comprise filtration, drying and tempering of the particles.
• the particles obtained after filtration, drying and heat treatment for example, have a specific surface area of from 1 to 500 m 2 / g with an average particle diameter of from 5 to 500 ⁇ m.
• the aminoplast condensate precipitates as a suspension or block.
• the polymeric porous particles according to the invention are obtained from the suspension. Furthermore, it is possible to produce porous aminoplast particles from a block of the aminoplast condensate after comminution.
• a solvent which gives 100% by weight, 15 to 40% by weight of an aminoplast precondensate as component A, 1 to 15% by weight.
• % of a surfactant as component B 1-15% by weight of a polysaccharide as component C, 0.01-5% by weight of an acid as component D and the balance solvent.
• component D Particularly preferred, based on the sum of components A to D and a solvent which gives 100 wt .-%, 20 to 35 wt .-% of an aminoplast precondensate as component A, 1-10 wt .-% of a surfactant as Component B, 1-10 wt .-% of a polysaccharide as component C, 0.01 to 4 wt .-% of an acid as component D and the balance solvent.
• a solvent which gives 100 wt .-%, 20 to 35 wt .-% of an aminoplast precondensate as component A, 1-10 wt .-% of a surfactant as Component B, 1-10 wt .-% of a polysaccharide as component C, 0.01 to 4 wt .-% of an acid as component D and the balance solvent.
• Another object of the invention relates to a process for the preparation of the aminoplast particles according to the invention comprising the steps:
• Another object of the invention relates to a shaped body, wherein the shaped body contains aminoplast particles having a specific surface area of 1 to 500 m 2 / g and a mean particle diameter of 5 to 500 ⁇ .
• the shaped body has a thickness in a range of 0.01 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m, preferably 0.05 ⁇ m to 750 ⁇ m, and in particular from 0.1 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m.
• Suitable materials for the molding are polymers selected from the group comprising polyolefins, polycarbonates, polyacrylates, polyamides, polyurethanes, polyethers and / or polyesters.
• Preferred are polymers such as polyethylene, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, polypropylene, ultrahigh molecular weight polypropylene, polybutene, polymethylpentene, polyisoprene or copolymers thereof.
• a plurality of moldings in particular as plastic layers, can be laminated on top of one another, at least one plastic layer containing aminoplast particles, preferably aminoplast particles having a specific surface area of from 1 to 500 m 2 / g and a mean particle diameter of from 5 to 500 ⁇ m and more preferably aminoplast particles prepared by the process of the invention.
• the processing is carried out by means of extrusion.
• Another object of the invention relates to a method for producing a shaped body according to the invention, wherein the shaped body contains aminoplast particles having a specific surface of 1 to 500 m 2 / g and a mean particle diameter of 5 to 500 ⁇ by a plastic with the Aminoplast particles and at least one plasticizer is mixed and is processed into a shaped body.
• Suitable plastics are polymers selected from the group comprising polyolefins, polycarbonates, polyacrylates, polyamides, polyurethanes, polyethers and / or polyesters.
• polymers such as polyethylene, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, polypropylene, ultrahigh molecular weight polypropylene, polybutene, polymethylpentene, polyisoprene or copolymers thereof.
• plasticizers known to the person skilled in the art in particular phthalate ester plasticizers, for example dibutyl phthalate, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate or ditridecyl phthalate.
• phthalate ester plasticizers for example dibutyl phthalate, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate or ditridecyl phthalate.
• the plasticizer by means of organic solvents, typically 1, 1, 2-trichlorethylene, perchlorethylene, 1, 2-dichloroethane, 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane, 1, 1, 2-trichloroethane, methylene chloride, chloroform, isopropanol, diethyl ether or acetone be removed, for example, to obtain a microporous material which, for example by calendering, can be further processed.
• organic solvents typically 1, 1, 2-trichlorethylene, perchlorethylene, 1, 2-dichloroethane, 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane, 1, 1, 2-trichloroethane, methylene chloride, chloroform, isopropanol, diethyl ether or acetone be removed, for example, to obtain a microporous material which, for example by calendering, can be further processed.
• a separator membrane by mixing thermoplastic polyolefin with the described porous aminoplast particles and one of the abovementioned processing plasticizers and producing a film after mixing. After removal of the processing plasticizer with a previously mentioned organic solvent and subsequent calendering, the separator membrane is obtained.
• Another object of the invention relates to the use of aminoplast particles having a specific surface area of 1 to 500 m 2 / g and a mean particle diameter of 5 to 500 ⁇ , as a filler, as an additive, as a desiccant, as a Rieselhelfer, as a heat insulator , as carrier material for further layers or chemical substances.
• aminoplast particles are useful as fillers in rubber applications, such as in tires for cars, trucks, motorcycles, buses, airplanes, special vehicles or technical rubber products, such as gaskets, hoses, NVH components or wiper blades.
• the aminoplast particles of the invention are useful as an additive for thermoplastic plastic parts and films, e.g. as filler, release agent, structurant or matting agent.
• the porous aminoplast particles according to the invention are suitable as drying agents. Furthermore, the aminoplast particles according to the invention are suitable as support material for catalysts.
• the aminoplast particles of the invention are flame-retardant and are suitable as powders and / or as flow aids for fire extinguishers.
• the aminoplast particles according to the invention are suitable for heat insulation applications in insulation boards in construction, refrigeration units, vehicles or industrial plants, in particular in so-called vacuum insulation panels.
• the particles of the invention are suitable for use as a carrier material for biologically active substances, such as.
• biologically active substances such as.
• pesticides especially pesticides, insecticides, herbicides or fungicides, and as a flow aid for biologically active substances and / or fertilizers.
• Another object of the invention relates to the use of the plastic layer as a plastic film, plastic membrane, in particular as Separatorenmembran, or plastic film.
• This separator membrane is suitable, for example, for use in lead / sulfuric acid batteries or in lithium batteries.
• aminoplast particles can be used as filler in seperator membranes of primary and secondary cells.
• FIG. 1 a shows a scanning electron micrograph of a spherical aminoplast particle.
• the scaling (bottom right) was a scale of 10 ⁇ m. selects, with 4500x magnification.
• the particle was prepared by precipitation polymerization.
• FIG. 1 b shows a scanning electron micrograph at a magnification of 15,000 of the aminoplast particle shown in FIG. 1 a.
• the surface structure of the aminoplast particle is clarified with its pores.
• scale a scaling of 2 ⁇ m has been selected.
• FIG. 1 c shows a scanning electron micrograph at a magnification of 45,000. Here the pores are clarified. As a scale 1 ⁇ is selected.
• FIG. 2 a shows aminoplast particles which have no spherical structure and have been produced by the ingot casting method. These have been taken at a magnification of 450X by means of a scanning electron microscope. As a scale 100 ⁇ was chosen.
• FIG. 2b shows a further enlargement of the aminoplast particles shown in FIG. 2a, at a magnification of 1500, wherein 20 ⁇ m was chosen as the scale.
• FIG. 2c shows an enlargement of 4500 of the photograph shown in FIG. 2a. Here, 10 ⁇ was chosen as a standard. A pore structure is clarified.
• Example 1 (Production of Porous Aminoplast Particles by Precipitation Polymerization) 257.1 g (23% by weight) of a methanol-etherified, aqueous melamine-formaldehyde precondensate (70%, Luwipal 063, BASF SE) was dissolved in 342.9 g ( 31 wt%) dissolved water, then with 37.5 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate (3 wt.%) And 37.5 g (3 wt.%) Gum arabic added, heated to 90 ° C, and there were 2.4 g of formic acid ( 0.2% by weight, 30% in water).
• Example 2 (Production of Porous Aminoplast Particles by a Block Casting Method) 142.9 g of a methanol-etherified, aqueous melamine-formaldehyde precondensate (70%, Luwipal® 063, BASF SE) is dissolved in 190.4 g of water and treated with 41.7 g of formic acid (30% in water) , The reaction solution is poured into a suitable mold and cured without stirring. To avoid filming the surface, the mold is covered. After curing, the resulting block is crushed to the desired particle size and dried at room temperature and 150 ° C.
• the particle size distribution is determined by laser diffraction on the dried particles.
• the particles produced in Example 1 have an average particle size of 43 ⁇ m and a specific surface area of 10 m 2 / g.
• the particles of Example 2 have an average particle size of 66 ⁇ and a specific surface area of 19.3 m 2 / g.
• the specific surface area is determined by the method of Brunauer, Emmett and Teller from the nitrogen adsorption isotherm or by mercury porosimetry.
• SEM scanning electron microscopy
• SEM images of the powder prepared in Example 1 show spherical, highly porous particles.
• the particles of Example 2 show a highly porous, non-spherical geometry.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Phenolic Resins Or Amino Resins (AREA)
• Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
• Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
• Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)

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