EP2832433A1 - Anlage und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Emulsion von Wasser und Kohlenwasserstoffen - Google Patents

Anlage und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Emulsion von Wasser und Kohlenwasserstoffen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2832433A1
EP2832433A1 EP13179153.5A EP13179153A EP2832433A1 EP 2832433 A1 EP2832433 A1 EP 2832433A1 EP 13179153 A EP13179153 A EP 13179153A EP 2832433 A1 EP2832433 A1 EP 2832433A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hydrocarbon
water
pipe
tanks
mixture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13179153.5A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Sandro Toffoletto
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nanotechlab SA
Original Assignee
Nanotechlab SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nanotechlab SA filed Critical Nanotechlab SA
Priority to EP13179153.5A priority Critical patent/EP2832433A1/de
Priority to PCT/IB2014/063617 priority patent/WO2015015465A1/en
Publication of EP2832433A1 publication Critical patent/EP2832433A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K5/02—Liquid fuel
    • F23K5/08—Preparation of fuel
    • F23K5/10—Mixing with other fluids
    • F23K5/12—Preparing emulsions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B01F23/41—Emulsifying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B01F23/49—Mixing systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/20—Jet mixers, i.e. mixers using high-speed fluid streams
    • B01F25/21—Jet mixers, i.e. mixers using high-speed fluid streams with submerged injectors, e.g. nozzles, for injecting high-pressure jets into a large volume or into mixing chambers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/50—Circulation mixers, e.g. wherein at least part of the mixture is discharged from and reintroduced into a receptacle
    • B01F25/53—Circulation mixers, e.g. wherein at least part of the mixture is discharged from and reintroduced into a receptacle in which the mixture is discharged from and reintroduced into a receptacle through a recirculation tube, into which an additional component is introduced
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/80—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/81—Combinations of similar mixers, e.g. with rotary stirring devices in two or more receptacles
    • B01F33/811—Combinations of similar mixers, e.g. with rotary stirring devices in two or more receptacles in two or more consecutive, i.e. successive, mixing receptacles or being consecutively arranged
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F2101/00—Mixing characterised by the nature of the mixed materials or by the application field
    • B01F2101/505—Mixing fuel and water or other fluids to obtain liquid fuel emulsions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a plant and a method for producing a water and hydrocarbon emulsion.
  • the emulsion produced by the plant and associated method of the present invention is of the type comprising water and a hydrocarbon, such as, for example, diesel, biodiesel, dense fuel oil and the like.
  • Emulsions of this type are mostly used to fuel internal combustion engines, in particular diesel engines, both of vehicles or ships and stationary electric power plants, or burners in turbines or boilers.
  • the water and hydrocarbon emulsion can be advantageously used in internal combustion engines, since it can reduce the harmful emissions in exhaust gases due to the low level of unburned substances (NOx), smokiness and particulate matter (PM). At the same time, water and hydrocarbon emulsions enable the efficiency of the fuel and average lifespan of an engine to be increased, with consequent cost savings.
  • NOx unburned substances
  • PM particulate matter
  • water/hydrocarbon emulsions consist of stabilized water-in-hydrocarbon suspensions obtained by means of a mechanical action of cavitation and the use of surfactant substances which prevent the separation of the two insoluble liquid phases for a given period of time.
  • emulsions are produced in plants equipped with specific mixing circuits capable of atomizing the particles of water and hydrocarbons and subsequently distributing the emulsion to a user, e.g. an engine or a storage tank.
  • Emulsion plants are generally endowed with a mixing circuit having a tank into which the water and hydrocarbon are dispensed, along with an additive used as a stabilizer and antioxidant and to improve the combustion of the emulsion.
  • the mixture contained in the tank is then made to circulate along a pipe and through a mixer, generally consisting of a static cavitator, in order to create the emulsion of the mixture, which is recirculated from the tank to the mixer for a preset number of times corresponding to a cycle necessary to obtain a stable emulsion having adequate physical characteristics.
  • a mixer generally consisting of a static cavitator
  • the quality of the mixture obtained, and in particular its stability, depend both on the final size of the particles and the homogeneity of the distribution of the particles in the mixture.
  • the emulsion's stability increases with decreasing particle sizes and an increasingly uniform distribution of the water, hydrocarbon and additive particles.
  • the emulsion cycle entails a series of passages of the mixture from the tank to mixer, until the particles have adequate dimensions and a homogeneous distribution.
  • the mixture in the form of an emulsion of water, hydrocarbon and additive is distributed to the storage tank in order then to be supplied to the user.
  • plants of this type have several drawbacks and are susceptible of improvement from the standpoint of the stability of the emulsion obtained.
  • the technical task of the present invention is to provide a plant and a method for producing a water and hydrocarbon emulsion which is capable of achieving a stable emulsion in an efficient manner.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a plant and a method for producing a water and hydrocarbon emulsion that is versatile in relation to the various application requirements and structurally simple and has moderate costs.
  • FIG. 1 This description is provided with reference to figure 1 , intended purely as a non-limiting example, in which there is shown a diagram of the plant for producing the water and hydrocarbon emulsion according to the present invention.
  • 1 indicates overall a plant for producing a water and hydrocarbon emulsion.
  • the plant 1 comprises a water supply circuit 2 and a hydrocarbon supply circuit 3, both designed to supply the water and hydrocarbon to a mixing circuit 4.
  • the water supply circuit 2 comprises a tank 5, inside which the water to be introduced into the mixing circuit 4 is stored.
  • the tank 5 is preferably endowed with a heating element 6 for heating the water, and a level sensor 7 for monitoring the amount of water contained in the tank.
  • a reverse osmosis unit 8 Positioned upstream of the tank 5 there is a reverse osmosis unit 8, of a known type and thus not further described or illustrated in detail, serving to purify the water that is distributed to the tank 5.
  • the reverse osmosis unit 8 is connected to a water distribution system 9 and purifies the incoming water in order then to supply it to the tank 5 through a pipe 10.
  • the water supply circuit 2 further comprises a water distribution pipe 11, disposed downstream of the tank 5 so as to supply the water from the tank 5 to the mixing circuit 4.
  • a pump 12 Positioned along the distribution pipe 11 there is a pump 12 for drawing a predefined amount of purified water from the tank 5 and dispensing it into a connecting pipe 13 belonging to the aforesaid mixing circuit 4.
  • the hydrocarbon supply circuit 3 comprises a pair of pipes 14a, 14b, each of which is connected to a system 15 for distributing the hydrocarbon.
  • each pipe 14a, 14b will distribute the hydrocarbon from the distribution system 15 to the inside of a respective tank 16a, 16b belonging to the mixing circuit 4, as will be better described below.
  • a hydrocarbon feed device 17 Positioned in the distribution system 15 there is preferably a hydrocarbon feed device 17 (not described in detail, being of a known type) designed to distribute a predefined amount of the hydrocarbon to one of the pipes 14a, 14b.
  • the plant 1 further comprises a circuit 18 for supplying at least one additive and associated with the inlet of each tank 16a, 16b in order to feed the additive directly into the tanks.
  • the additive generally consists of substances which have a stabilizing, bonding, antioxidant function and are suitable for improving the combustion of the emulsion obtained in the plant 1.
  • the additive supply circuit 18 comprises a tank 19, disposed inside which there is preferably a heating element 20 for heating the additive contained in the tank 19 itself.
  • the tank 19 is preferably equipped with a level sensor 21 capable of monitoring the amount of additive present in the tank 19.
  • the additive supply circuit 18 comprises a feed pipe 22 which distributes the additive from a respective holding receptacle 23 to the aforesaid tank 19.
  • the additive supply circuit 18 comprises a pipe 24 for distributing the additive, disposed downstream of the tank 19 in order to feed the additive from the tank 19 (in which it is prepared for mixing with the water and the hydrocarbon) to the mixing circuit 4.
  • a pump 25 Positioned along the distribution pipe 24 there is a pump 25 for withdrawing a predefined amount of additive from the tank 19 and dispensing it into one of the tanks 16a, 16b.
  • the pump 25 and suitable valve systems (not described or illustrated, being per se of a known type) select the branch and hence the tank 16a, 16b into which the additive must be fed.
  • the mixing circuit 4 comprises the two tanks 16a, 16b, appropriately separated from each other, and the connecting pipe 13 which is associated with the tanks 16a, 16b in order to transfer the emulsion from one tank 16a, 16b to the other.
  • the tanks 16a, 16b are separated from each other by means of a dividing wall 26 so as to contain the additive, water and hydrocarbon mixture in a differentiated manner.
  • the dividing wall 26 advantageously has a vent channel 26a, which places the two tanks 16a, 16b in fluid communication to permit the passage of solely air from one tank to the other.
  • Each tank 16a, 16b preferably comprises a heating element 28 for heating the mixture contained in the tank itself, and a level sensor 29 for monitoring the amount of mixture contained.
  • each tank 16a, 16b comprises an inlet 30 associated with a pipe 14a, 14b of the hydrocarbon supply circuit 3, and with the additive distribution pipe 24. In this manner, the hydrocarbon and the additive are fed into one of the aforesaid tanks 16a, 16b and directly mixed together inside it.
  • Each tank 16a, 16b further comprises an outlet 31 associated with a first inlet end 13a of the connecting pipe 13.
  • first inlet end 13a of the connecting pipe 13 is associated with the water supply circuit 2, in particular with the distribution pipe 11, so as to permit mixing of the water and hydrocarbon leaving at least one of the aforesaid tanks 16a, 16b.
  • the water is introduced into the mixing circuit 4 downstream of the tanks 16a, 16b to enable the water to be mixed with the hydrocarbon and additive previously mixed together in one of the tanks 16a, 16b at the first end 13a of the connecting pipe 13.
  • the connecting pipe 13 comprises a second outlet end 13b opposite the first end 13a and associated with the inlet 30 of each tank 16a, 16b. It should be noted in particular that the second outlet end 13b comprises two branches 32a, 32b, each of which is associated with a respective tank 16a, 16b in order to convey the water, hydrocarbon and additive mixture into one of the tanks.
  • each tank 16a, 16b there is preferably a cavitation device 33a, 33b associated with a respective branch 32a, 32b of the second outlet end 13b.
  • the cavitation device 33a, 33b mixes and favours the emulsification of the mixture contained in the connecting pipe 13, which is made to recirculate from the outlet 31 of the tanks 16a, 16b to the inlet 30 of the same.
  • the connecting pipe 13 is advantageously provided with a static mixing member 34, such as, for example, a cavitator or turbulator (of a known type and not described in detail) capable of creating turbulence within the liquid flow of the mixture, thereby favouring its emulsion.
  • a static mixing member 34 such as, for example, a cavitator or turbulator (of a known type and not described in detail) capable of creating turbulence within the liquid flow of the mixture, thereby favouring its emulsion.
  • a dynamic mixing member 35 preferably consisting in a mixer. It should be considered that the two mixing members 34, 35 placed in series impart a very intense mixing action to the flow passing inside the connecting pipe 13, thus favouring the formation of the emulsion.
  • the mixture is forced through the static mixing member 34 and subsequently through the dynamic mixing member 35 by means of a pump 36 situated downstream of the first end 13a of the pipe 13. In this manner, a predefined amount of mixture leaving one of the tanks 16a, 16b is drawn in and conveyed through the first end 13a, along the pipe 13 and to the second end 13b.
  • an electronic control system 37 operatively engaged with the pump 25 of the additive supply circuit 18 and the hydrocarbon feed device 17 synchronizes the feeding of the hydrocarbon with the feeding of the additive into one of the tanks 16a, 16b.
  • the amount of additive and hydrocarbon introduced simultaneously into the tank is controlled so as to avoid the stratification of the two liquids inside the tank and instead mix them together.
  • control system 37 can be suitably connected to the pump 12 of the water supply circuit 2 and to the pump 36 of the connecting pipe 13. Consequently, as control is provided over the pump 25 of the additive supply circuit 18, the hydrocarbon feed device 17, the pump 12 of the water supply circuit 2 and the pump 36 of the connecting pipe 13, the dispensing of water into the mixing circuit 4 is likewise coordinated and synchronized with the intake of the mixture contained in the tank 16a, 16b into the first end 13a of the pipe 13.
  • the plant 1 further comprises a circuit 38 for supplying an antifreeze liquid, comprising a receptacle 39 for containing the liquid, and a pipe 40 for feeding it to the water tank 5.
  • the pipe 40 feeds the antifreeze directly into the tank 5 so as mix the water and antifreeze before they are introduced into the mixing circuit 4.
  • the plant 1 also features a transfer pipe 41 for conveying the emulsion obtained in the mixing circuit 4 to at least one user "U".
  • the transfer pipe 41 is associated with the connecting pipe 13 upstream of the respective second outlet end 13b in order to transfer the emulsion leaving the dynamic mixing member 35 toward the user.
  • the transfer pipe 41 comprises an emulsion containing tank 42 for storing the emulsion and enabling it to be used at any time.
  • the tank 42 is preferably endowed with a heating element 43 for maintaining the emulsion at a given temperature and a level sensor 44 for controlling the amount of emulsion contained.
  • a pump 45 which feeds a predefined amount of emulsion contained in the tank 42 toward the user "U".
  • a return circuit 46 which permits the emulsion to be reintroduced into the plant 1.
  • This circuit 46 thus enables the use of an amount of the emulsion distributed to the 'user "U” which is in excess or in any case not used by the user "U".
  • the return circuit 46 comprises a first pipe 47 for transferring the emulsion from the user "U” to a hydraulic network external to the plant 1, and a second pipe 48 which carries the emulsion back into the tank 42.
  • the emulsion contained in the tank 42 can be reintroduced into the mixing circuit 4 by means of a recirculation pipe 49 which connects the tank 42 to the first inlet end 13a of the connecting pipe 13.
  • the emulsion is kept in the tank 42 for too long, it is made to recirculate in the mixing circuit 4 to maintain the emulsion stable in accordance with acceptable quality parameters in terms of particle size and homogeneity of distribution of the particles.
  • a bypass pipe 50 is moreover provided to connect the hydrocarbon supply circuit 3 directly with the user "U".
  • the user "U” type of internal combustion engine
  • the present invention further comprises a method for producing a water and hydrocarbon emulsion.
  • This method comprises the steps of feeding a hydrocarbon into the mixing circuit 4 and simultaneously feeding an additive into the mixing circuit 4.
  • the steps of feeding the additive and feeding the hydrocarbon are carried out by distributing a predefined amount of hydrocarbon and of additive into one of the aforesaid tanks 16a, 16b.
  • the hydrocarbon and additive are mixed inside the respective tank 16a.
  • the hydrocarbon and additive mixed together are fed into the connecting pipe 13 of the tanks 16a, 16b, which, as specified above, places the tanks 16a, 16b in fluid communication with each other.
  • the tank which contains the hydrocarbon and additive mixture is completely emptied in order to introduce all of the mixture into the pipe 13.
  • the water is fed into the mixing circuit 4 in order to mix the water with the hydrocarbon and additive.
  • a predefined amount of water is introduced into the connecting pipe 13 to enable a first mixing of the liquids inside the pipe 13 itself.
  • control system 37 coordinates the simultaneous introduction of water and the hydrocarbon and additive mixture into the first inlet end 13a of the connecting pipe 13.
  • the water, hydrocarbon and additive mixture is recirculated by transferring the mixture itself from one tank to the other a predefined number of times.
  • the mixture is conveyed from the first end 13a of the connecting pipe 13 to the second outlet end 13b so as to fill a first tank 16a.
  • the first tank 16a is thus completely emptied of the aforesaid mixture, which is conveyed back to the first inlet end 13a of the connecting pipe 13. Subsequently, the mixture is further conveyed through the connecting pipe 13 toward the second outlet end 13b thereof in order to fill the second tank 16b with the aforesaid mixture.
  • This mixing cycle in which the mixture is transferred from one tank to the other, is repeated a predefined number of times until a water, hydrocarbon and additive emulsion is obtained.
  • the mixture is made to pass through the static mixing member 34 and/or the dynamic mixing member 35.
  • the mixing action of the mixing members 34, 35 favours the formation of a static emulsion having very small, evenly distributed particles.
  • the emulsion is withdrawn upstream of the second end 13b of the connecting pipe 13 and conveyed toward the user "U” via the transfer pipe 41.
  • the plant 1 and the method associated therewith are capable of obtaining a stable emulsion having very small, evenly distributed particles.
  • This advantage is derived from the action of transferring the mixture from one tank to the other for a defined number of times, which prevents the formation of areas of stagnation in the mixture.
  • the mixing of the water, hydrocarbon and additive directly inside the pipe 13 favours the mixing of the liquids, preventing the stratification thereof. Therefore, the emulsion is obtained in a simpler manner and in a much shorter time.
  • the plant 1 is structurally simple and very versatile, since it is capable of recovering the excess emulsion and can be adapted to any type of user "U" to which the emulsion or solely the hydrocarbon must be distributed.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Accessories For Mixers (AREA)
EP13179153.5A 2013-08-02 2013-08-02 Anlage und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Emulsion von Wasser und Kohlenwasserstoffen Withdrawn EP2832433A1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13179153.5A EP2832433A1 (de) 2013-08-02 2013-08-02 Anlage und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Emulsion von Wasser und Kohlenwasserstoffen
PCT/IB2014/063617 WO2015015465A1 (en) 2013-08-02 2014-08-01 Plant and method for the production of an emulsion of water and hydrocarbons

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13179153.5A EP2832433A1 (de) 2013-08-02 2013-08-02 Anlage und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Emulsion von Wasser und Kohlenwasserstoffen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2832433A1 true EP2832433A1 (de) 2015-02-04

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EP13179153.5A Withdrawn EP2832433A1 (de) 2013-08-02 2013-08-02 Anlage und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Emulsion von Wasser und Kohlenwasserstoffen

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EP (1) EP2832433A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2015015465A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160053119A1 (en) * 2014-08-19 2016-02-25 Atlas James Russell System, method, apparatus, means, and computer program product for recycling asphalt shingles

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59151150A (ja) * 1983-01-20 1984-08-29 Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd ハロゲン化銀写真乳剤の製造方法
US20030064012A1 (en) * 2001-09-28 2003-04-03 Hirokazu Saito Method and apparatus for production of silver halide emulsion
US20050000149A1 (en) * 2001-08-24 2005-01-06 Clean Fuels Technology, Inc., Method for manufacturing an emulsified fuel
US20090062407A1 (en) * 2004-01-22 2009-03-05 Scf Technologies A/S Method and apparatus for producing micro emulsions
EP2340887A1 (de) * 2009-12-30 2011-07-06 ITI S.r.l. Anlage zur Herstellung einer Emulsion von Wasser in Kohlenwasserstoffen

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59151150A (ja) * 1983-01-20 1984-08-29 Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd ハロゲン化銀写真乳剤の製造方法
US20050000149A1 (en) * 2001-08-24 2005-01-06 Clean Fuels Technology, Inc., Method for manufacturing an emulsified fuel
US20030064012A1 (en) * 2001-09-28 2003-04-03 Hirokazu Saito Method and apparatus for production of silver halide emulsion
US20090062407A1 (en) * 2004-01-22 2009-03-05 Scf Technologies A/S Method and apparatus for producing micro emulsions
EP2340887A1 (de) * 2009-12-30 2011-07-06 ITI S.r.l. Anlage zur Herstellung einer Emulsion von Wasser in Kohlenwasserstoffen

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160053119A1 (en) * 2014-08-19 2016-02-25 Atlas James Russell System, method, apparatus, means, and computer program product for recycling asphalt shingles
US9951224B2 (en) * 2014-08-19 2018-04-24 Atlas James Russell System, method, apparatus, means, and computer program product for recycling asphalt shingles
US10323149B2 (en) 2014-08-19 2019-06-18 Atlas James Russell System, method, apparatus, means, and computer program product for recycling asphalt shingles

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