EP2828447A2 - Dispositif de revêtement de sol permettant de réduire l'énergie due à un impact lors d'une chute - Google Patents

Dispositif de revêtement de sol permettant de réduire l'énergie due à un impact lors d'une chute

Info

Publication number
EP2828447A2
EP2828447A2 EP13733840.6A EP13733840A EP2828447A2 EP 2828447 A2 EP2828447 A2 EP 2828447A2 EP 13733840 A EP13733840 A EP 13733840A EP 2828447 A2 EP2828447 A2 EP 2828447A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
columns
stiffening
support surface
impact
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13733840.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2828447A4 (fr
Inventor
Timothy C. Ovaert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
University of Notre Dame
Original Assignee
University of Notre Dame
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US13/342,605 external-priority patent/US8919066B2/en
Application filed by University of Notre Dame filed Critical University of Notre Dame
Publication of EP2828447A2 publication Critical patent/EP2828447A2/fr
Publication of EP2828447A4 publication Critical patent/EP2828447A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/22—Resiliently-mounted floors, e.g. sprung floors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/10—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials
    • E04F15/107—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials composed of several layers, e.g. sandwich panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2290/00—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for
    • E04F2290/04—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for insulation or surface protection, e.g. against noise, impact or fire
    • E04F2290/044—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for insulation or surface protection, e.g. against noise, impact or fire against impact

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to cushioned flooring systems, and in particular to a flooring apparatus for reducing impact energy during a fall.
  • the disclosed floor overcomes at least some of the above-described disadvantages inherent with various apparatuses and methods of the prior art.
  • the example floor includes a flooring system which requires no special clothing or restriction of movement because the floor will act as the injury prevention system.
  • the design incorporates a stiffened floor which remains substantially rigid under normal conditions and deflects under impact (i.e., a pressure greater than a predetermined critical pressure) to absorb the energy of the impact. Accordingly, the example floor offers a novel and effective system to reduce injuries from falls.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of an example flooring apparatus for reducing impact during a fall.
  • FIG. 2 is a bottom side view of the flooring apparatus of FIG. 1 with a portion of the underlayment removed.
  • FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of the example flooring apparatus of FIG. 1 showing the floor being subjected to a compressive pressure under normal conditions.
  • FIG. 4 is a side elevational view of the example flooring apparatus of FIG. 1 showing the floor being subjected to a compressive pressure under impact conditions.
  • FIG. 5 is a side elevational view of another example flooring apparatus for reducing impact during a fall.
  • FIG. 6 is a bottom side view of the flooring apparatus of FIG. 5 with a portion of the underlayment removed.
  • FIG. 7 is a side elevational view of the example flooring apparatus of FIG. 5 showing the floor being subjected to a compressive pressure under impact conditions.
  • FIG. 8 is a side elevational view of the flooring apparatus of FIG. 5 including a tile overlayment.
  • the flooring system may be utilized in healthcare facilities, in sports facilities, and/or in any other commercial or residential environment.
  • the floor may be manufactured as a single continuous floor, or may be manufactured as a modular tile that may be combined with adjoining tiles to form a floor surface.
  • the flooring system may also take the form of a safety mat or coating for use around slippery areas, such as, for example, bathtubs, showers, swimming pools, etc.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 together illustrate an example flooring apparatus 10.
  • the apparatus 10 may provide a significant reduction in peak impact pressure during falls, yet retains a substantially non-compliant configuration during normal pressures.
  • the apparatus 10 includes a flooring plate 20 having a plurality of spaced apart stiffening columns 22, extending from an undersurface 26 of the flooring plate 20.
  • Each of the columns 22 may be integrally formed with the plate 20, or may be coupled to the plate 20 as desired.
  • the stiffening columns 22 are generally rectangular and extend generally perpendicular to the plate 20. In this example, the columns are spaced at generally 90° to one another.
  • the angle from which the columns 22 extend from the plate 20, as well as the pattern of the columns 22 may be varied as desired.
  • the columns 22 are illustrated as separate bodies, the columns could be coupled via bridgelike connections, or otherwise connected together to form a straight and/or curvilinear rib.
  • the stiffening columns 22 are at least partially (and possibly completely) surrounded by a resilient underlayment 24.
  • the underlayment 24 may cover at least a portion of the undersurface 26 of the flooring plate 20 and may be secured thereto.
  • the underlayment may be secured to at least one of the columns 22.
  • the columns 22 and/or the underlayment 24 (together or separately) are adapted to support the flooring plate 20 at a normal height H above a support surface 28, such as for example, a sub-floor.
  • the flooring plate 20 may be constructed of any suitable material including, for example, wood, metal, thermoplastic, such as polyester, polypropylene, and/or polyethylene, and/or any other suitable material.
  • the plate 20 may be formed by any suitable manufacturing process, including, for instance, molding, stamping, rolling, etc.
  • the stiffening columns 22 are integrally formed with the plate 20, it will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art that the columns 22 may be constructed of any appropriate material and as noted above, may be attached to the undersurface 26 via any suitable method, such as, for example, adhesive, mechanical, and/or other comparable fasteners.
  • the resilient underlayment 24 is a foam material, such as, for example, a polymer foam.
  • the resilient underlayment 24 may be formed from any suitably resilient material, and/or composite material.
  • the resilient underlayment 24 may also be secured to the undersurface 26 of the flooring plate 20 and/or the columns 22 by adhesion, mechanical connection, and/or any other appropriate method.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 the flooring apparatus 10 is illustrated under the influence of two different compressive pressures.
  • the flooring apparatus 10 is subjected to a compressive pressure P n distributed over the plate 20 under normal conditions, wherein the pressure P n is under a predetermined critical pressure (i.e., the pressure at which the column 22 will buckle).
  • the pressure P n may be the distributed pressure of an individual (or object) walking, standing, running, or otherwise moving over the plate 20.
  • the plate 20 of the apparatus 10 will not deflect in any appreciable manner, but rather the stiffening columns 22 will remain substantially rigid and will support the plate 20 at the normal height H above the support surface 28.
  • the flooring apparatus 10 is subjected to a compressive pressure P; distributed over the plate 20 under impact conditions, wherein the pressure P; is over the predetermined critical pressure (i.e., the pressure at which the column(s) 22 will buckle).
  • the pressure P may be the distributed pressure of an individual falling on or otherwise impacting the plate 20.
  • the pressure Pi need not result from an impact, but rather may be any pressure, such as, for example, a static pressure. Under these conditions, a portion of the plate 20 of the apparatus 10 will deflect toward the support surface 28 (such as for example to a height FT) and the stiffening columns 22 will buckle and deflect to absorb the energy of the impact.
  • the columns 22 may, therefore, be the primary means of energy absorption, while the resilient nature of the underlayment 24 may provide a secondary means of energy absorption as the apparatus 10 deforms. After the impact pressure is removed, or otherwise dissipated, the apparatus 10 will substantially return to its original state and the plate 20 will once again be supported at the typical height H above the support surface 28 (FIG. 1).
  • the apparatus 10 of FIG. 1 is illustrated in a bottom side view, with a portion of the underlayment 24 removed to expose the plate 20.
  • the columns 22 in this example have a generally rectangular cross-section, but it will be understood that the cross section may vary as desired.
  • the stiffness of each of the columns 22 is directly proportional to the area moment of inertia of that column, in this example the stiffness of each column is generally greater in the y- direction than in the x-direction.
  • the properties of the underlayment 24 aid in the control of the buckling pressure and the post-buckling deformation of the columns 22.
  • the critical pressure (e.g., the magnitude of the compressive pressure at which the column 22 will buckle) is determined by a number of factors, including, for example, the column length, width, area moment of inertia, material properties, the boundary conditions imposed at the column end points, the distribution of the columns on the plate 20, the angle at which the columns extend from the plate 20, and/or the properties of the underlayment 24.
  • a desired predetermined critical pressure may be approximately 20 lbs/in 2 .
  • the critical pressure at which buckling of each of the columns 22 will occur is determined by many factors, it is possible to vary the design of the columns 22 and/or the underlayment 24 for a specifically desired critical pressure by varying some or all of these parameters utilizing known analysis methods such as Euler calculations and/or finite element analysis. Therefore it is possible to configure the columns 22 and/or the underlayment 24 so that the flooring apparatus 10 will remain relatively rigid under normal pressure but will buckle under impact pressures typically sustained during a fall. Varying the parameters of the columns 22 and/or the
  • underlayment will permit construction of multiple embodiments having various uses from private dwellings, bathrooms, and geriatric homes to hospitals and athletic events where impact pressures are expectedly variable.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate another example of a flooring apparatus 100 similar to the flooring apparatus 10 of FIG. 1, but including a stop to prevent over-deformation.
  • the apparatus 100 includes the flooring plate 20 having the plurality of spaced apart stiffening columns 22, extending from the undersurface 26 of the flooring plate 20 as described above.
  • the apparatus 100 further includes a plurality of spaced apart deflection stops, such as stop columns 127, additionally extending from the undersurface 26 of the flooring plate 20.
  • the stop columns 127 extend a shorter distance from the undersurface 26 of the plate 20 than the stiffening columns 22.
  • each of the stop columns 127 may be integrally formed with the plate 20, or may be coupled to the plate 20 as desired.
  • both the stiffening columns 22 and the stop columns 127 extend generally perpendicular to the plate 20 and are, in this example, spaced at generally 45° to one another.
  • the pattern of the columns 22 and 127 may be varied as desired.
  • the length of each of the stiffening columns 22 and the length of each of the stop columns 127 are illustrated as being substantially similar, respectively, it will be understood that the length of each of the columns 22, 127 may vary as desired to provide for different pressure deflection characteristics.
  • both the stiffening columns 22 and the stop columns 127 are at least partially surrounded by the resilient underlayment 24.
  • the underlayment 24 may be secured to at least a portion of the
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the example flooring apparatus 100 under the influence of a compressive pressure P; distributed over the plate 20 under impact conditions.
  • the pressure Pi is greater than the predetermined critical pressure (e.g., the pressure at which the columns 22 will buckle). Under these conditions, the plate 20 of the apparatus 100 will deflect toward the support surface 28 and the stiffening columns 22 will deflect to absorb the energy of the impact.
  • the amount of deflection in the plate 20, however, is limited at a height 3 ⁇ 4 by contact of the deflection stop columns 127 with the support surface 28.
  • the columns 22 may, therefore, be the primary means of energy absorption, while the resilient nature of the underlayment 24 provides a secondary means of energy absorption as the floor deforms.
  • the stopping columns 127 may provide a deflection stop to prevent over-buckling and/or permanent deformation of the columns 22 as well as provide the ability for the flooring apparatus 10 to resume a substantially rigid state after initial deflection to assist, for example, individuals utilizing wheelchairs. After the impact pressure is removed, or otherwise dissipated, the apparatus 10 will return substantially to its original state and the plate 20 will once again be supported at the typical height H above the support surface 28 (FIG. 5).
  • the system 200 includes one of the flooring apparatus 100 and/or 10 (the flooring apparatus 100 is illustrated) including an overlayment 210.
  • the overlayment 210 comprises a plurality of tiles 212, such as traditional floor tiles, and a flexible grout 214, such as for example, a sand and silicon based grout. Accordingly, the tiles 212 and the grout 214 may deflect with the plate 20.
  • the overlayment 210 may be any suitable flooring material, including, for example, carpeting, tiling, vinyl, etc.
  • the tiles 212 width and length of each individual tile is less than the distance between each column 22.
  • a flooring system 900 is shown.
  • the example system 900 may be, for instance, a combination of the flooring apparatus 10 and the flooring system 200.
  • the system 900 includes a flooring plate 920, which as disclosed may be a plate, membrane, tile, and/or any other suitable flooring surface and an overlayment 921.
  • the overlayment 921 and the flooring plate 920 have similar mechanical properties, but it will be appreciated that the mechanical properties may vary as desired.
  • the overlayment 921 is provided with a coating and/or other suitable treatment to allow the thickness of the overlayment 921 to be reduced as desired.
  • the overlayment 921 and the plate 920 are rigidly bonded together, although the overlayment 921 and the plate 920 may be integrally formed, separately formed, detached, and/or otherwise rigidly and/or non-rigidly bonded.
  • the overlayment 921 may include any of a decorative design, pattern, material property, etc.
  • the overlayment 21 may be provided with a wear and/or slip resistant material that may include various grip enhancing particle such as, for instance alumina, quartz, etc.
  • the flooring plate 920 itself may include a decorative design, pattern, grip enhancing material, etc.
  • the plate 920 may include a decorative and/or functional feature, pattern, etc.
  • the surface treatments may be formed with any suitable pattern forming technique including laser, dye sublimation, print methods, and/or any other suitable technique as desired.
  • the overlayment 921 and/or the plate 920 may be formed of a particular material, such as for instance, a compliant wood material, such as for example cork, cork composites, bamboo, bamboo composites, yew, yew composites, wisteria, wisteria composites, woven wood textiles, any combination thereof, and/or any other suitable material.
  • a compliant wood material such as for example cork, cork composites, bamboo, bamboo composites, yew, yew composites, wisteria, wisteria composites, woven wood textiles, any combination thereof, and/or any other suitable material.
  • the portion of the surface of the overlayment 921 and/or the plate 920 that is exposed may be coated and/or otherwise impregnated with a wear and/or slip resistant material.
  • the system 900, and more particularly the overlayment 921 and/or the plate 920 may include at least one channel 914, such as a channel, groove, trench, indentation, etc.
  • the channel 914 may extend through the overlayment 921, thereby exposing the plate 920.
  • the channel 914 may create a pattern such as a square, rectangle, triangle, hexagon, etc.
  • the channel 914 may also be at least partially filled with a material such as a grout, sand, silicone, caulk, etc.
  • the channel and/or material filler may give the contiguous floor 900 the appearance of a modular floor, such as a tile, etc.
  • any of the flooring systems 10, 100, 200, 900 may include materials specifically selected for properties such as noise abatement, water resistance, wear resistance, rot resistance, mildew and/or fungal resistance, durability, color, insulation (e.g., R-value), and/or any other desirable material characteristic.
  • the plate 20, the resilient underlayment 24 and the columns 22 may create a flooring system having a noise reduction coefficient of up to 1.0 and/or an insulation R-value of approximately 5 to 50.
  • the example flooring systems may include a radiant heating element including a radiant heating element for a modular bathroom system.
  • a plurality of stiffening columns 1022 extend from the underside of the flooring plate 20.
  • at least one of the stiffening columns 1022 include an angular offset from vertical ⁇ , meaning the stiffening columns do not necessarily extend perpendicular from the flooring plate 20.
  • the angular offset ⁇ is approximately from one to ten degrees.
  • the stiffening columns 1022 remain substantially rigid up to a critical pressure (e.g., the pressure at which the column fails). In this instance, the critical pressure is determined by the coefficient of static friction between the support surface 28 and the column 1022.
  • the columns 1022 remain substantially rigid up to the critical pressure and then bend and slide along the support surface 28 as the pressure P; increases. As seen in FIG. 10, the columns 1022 are at least partially surrounded by the resilient underlayment 24. Additionally, as will be appreciated, the resilient
  • underlayment may be at least partially bonded to the column 1022 as desired.
  • the columns 1022 will fail after the critical pressure by buckling, bending, folding, and/or sliding.
  • the width of the column and the compressed width of the resilient underlayment after compression may assist in providing a substantially rigid floor at very high pressures to stop deflection of the floor plate 20 towards the support surface 28.
  • the floor 1000 may include at least one deflection stop 1027 to assist in preventing over deflection of the flooring plate 20 towards the support surface 28.
  • the stiffening column 22 still fails by buckling, but rather than failing by static buckling as illustrated in the previous examples, the illustrated stiffening column fails by dynamic buckling.
  • the column 22 fails along a dynamic buckling wave comprising five half sine waves labeled (1) to (5).
  • the number of half sine waves is dictated by the mechanical and geometrical properties of the column 22 and the magnitude and time-dependent nature of the pressure in the floor P (t) .
  • the critical column buckling pressure under dynamic buckling conditions, such as when the load P(t) is applied very suddenly and then removed, can greatly exceed the critical column buckling pressure under static conditions.
  • any of the disclosed the flooring systems 10, 100, 200, 900 may include an alarm and/or other sensor to detect a particular pressure, such as for example, when something and/or someone falls on the flooring system.
  • the flooring system includes a small proximity sensor, such as a radio frequency (RF) sensor placed in the cavity between the support surface 28 and the underside of the flooring plate 20.
  • the proximity sensor may be arranged in a regular pattern, such as, for instance a regular grid pattern.
  • the sensors are powered by a nearby wireless transmitter, but it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the sensors may be powered by any suitable power source.
  • the sensors may be calibrated to detect and/or otherwise sense a mass a certain distance (e.g., one foot) above the flooring plate 20.
  • a mass a certain distance e.g., one foot
  • the maximum output from the network is proportional to sensing the mass of two feet and two legs below the knees, which could be considered a relatively low output level. If a person were to lay down above the sensor, the mass of the entire body would be detected, which would be considered a relatively high output level.
  • a high output level e.g., a person has fallen
  • the sensors could detect the condition and issue an alarm as it would be likely that a person had fallen on the flooring system and may require assistance.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
  • Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif comprenant une surface d'impact et une pluralité de montants de renfort espacés les uns par rapport aux autres s'étendant depuis une partie inférieure de la plaque de revêtement de sol. Les montants restent sensiblement rigides jusqu'à une pression critique prédéterminée puis gauchissent au fur et à mesure que la pression augmente. Les montants sont entourés au moins partiellement d'une sous-couche élastique. Des butées de flexion peuvent s'étendre depuis la plaque de revêtement de sol pour empêcher un gauchissement excessif et/ou une déformation permanente des montants de renfort. Dans certains exemples, les butées de flexion peuvent permettre au sol de fournir une surface sensiblement rigide à des pressions très élevées.
EP13733840.6A 2012-01-03 2013-01-03 Dispositif de revêtement de sol permettant de réduire l'énergie due à un impact lors d'une chute Withdrawn EP2828447A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/342,605 US8919066B2 (en) 2006-02-09 2012-01-03 Flooring apparatus for reducing impact energy during a fall
PCT/US2013/020148 WO2013103721A2 (fr) 2012-01-03 2013-01-03 Dispositif de revêtement de sol permettant de réduire l'énergie due à un impact lors d'une chute

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2828447A2 true EP2828447A2 (fr) 2015-01-28
EP2828447A4 EP2828447A4 (fr) 2016-07-13

Family

ID=48745534

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13733840.6A Withdrawn EP2828447A4 (fr) 2012-01-03 2013-01-03 Dispositif de revêtement de sol permettant de réduire l'énergie due à un impact lors d'une chute

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2828447A4 (fr)
AU (1) AU2013206865B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2897009A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013103721A2 (fr)

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3636577A (en) 1968-07-29 1972-01-25 Nissen Corp Compressible coverings for athletic and gymnastic use
US4727697A (en) 1982-04-02 1988-03-01 Vaux Thomas M Impact absorbing safety matting system
US4991834A (en) 1982-04-02 1991-02-12 Vaux Thomas M Shock-attenuating seamless surface system for use under and around playground equipment
US4948116A (en) 1982-04-02 1990-08-14 Vaux Thomas M Impact-absorbing safety matting system for a children's play mat
US4846457A (en) 1982-04-02 1989-07-11 Safety Surfaces, Inc. Impact-absorbing safety matting system for a sports game surface
US4998717A (en) 1982-04-02 1991-03-12 Vaux Thomas M Impact-absorbing safety matting system for a helipad
US4557475A (en) 1982-06-07 1985-12-10 Donovan James P Cushioned activity surface with closed cell foam pad bonded to hard surface and rubber mat
US5542221A (en) * 1994-05-04 1996-08-06 The Penn State Research Foundation Dual stiffness flooring
US20050281999A1 (en) * 2003-03-12 2005-12-22 Petritech, Inc. Structural and other composite materials and methods for making same
US7748177B2 (en) * 2004-02-25 2010-07-06 Connor Sport Court International, Inc. Modular tile with controlled deflection
US7488525B2 (en) * 2005-10-14 2009-02-10 Sof' Solutions, Inc. Impact-attenuating, firm, stable, and slip-resistant surface system
CA2677725C (fr) * 2006-02-09 2014-10-21 University Of Notre Dame Du Lac Sol permettant de reduire l'energie d'un impact lors d'une chute
KR101537917B1 (ko) * 2007-03-27 2015-07-17 인터페이스 인크. 바닥 덮개 설치를 위한 시스템 및 방법

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2013103721A3 (fr) 2015-06-18
EP2828447A4 (fr) 2016-07-13
CA2897009A1 (fr) 2013-07-11
AU2013206865B2 (en) 2017-08-31
WO2013103721A2 (fr) 2013-07-11
AU2013206865A1 (en) 2015-05-21

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