EP2823862B1 - Damper assembly for ventilation system - Google Patents
Damper assembly for ventilation system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2823862B1 EP2823862B1 EP13175930.0A EP13175930A EP2823862B1 EP 2823862 B1 EP2823862 B1 EP 2823862B1 EP 13175930 A EP13175930 A EP 13175930A EP 2823862 B1 EP2823862 B1 EP 2823862B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- damper
- fire
- fire damper
- blade
- closed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000002105 tongue Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002522 swelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C2/00—Fire prevention or containment
- A62C2/06—Physical fire-barriers
- A62C2/12—Hinged dampers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C2/00—Fire prevention or containment
- A62C2/06—Physical fire-barriers
- A62C2/065—Physical fire-barriers having as the main closure device materials, whose characteristics undergo an irreversible change under high temperatures, e.g. intumescent
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/08—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates
- F24F13/10—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers
- F24F13/14—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers built up of tilting members, e.g. louvre
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/08—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates
- F24F13/10—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers
- F24F13/14—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers built up of tilting members, e.g. louvre
- F24F13/1406—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers built up of tilting members, e.g. louvre characterised by sealing means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
- F24F11/32—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies
- F24F11/33—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies to fire, excessive heat or smoke
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
- F24F11/32—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies
- F24F11/33—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies to fire, excessive heat or smoke
- F24F11/35—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies to fire, excessive heat or smoke by closing air passages
Definitions
- the present invention relates to fire damping in ventilation systems, and more precisely the invention concerns a fire damper having a movable fire damper blade
- a common type of fire damper has a circular damper body defining a flow path in which is accommodated a circular fire damper blade which in its open position allows air flow through the damper body and which in its closed position closes the flow path.
- the fire damper plate is pivotable about a central axis which extends across the flow path.
- the periphery of the fire damper blade has seal means which in the closed position seals against the inner wall of the damper body.
- a fire damper of this kind is disclosed in GB-A-2,350,295 .
- a fire damper blade with a peripheral seal is known from WO 2007/068786 .
- a fire damper including intumescent material is disclosed in EP-A-2,239,014 .
- the fire damper blade When a fire occurs in a ventilation system which includes a fire damper, the fire damper blade is closed in order to prevent fire and flue gases to spread in the system. In the closed position, the damper blade is stopped by two diametrically opposed stopping pins which project from the inner wall of the damper body and which abut against one side of the peripheral portion of the damper blade.
- Closing of the damper blade is triggered by sensor means which detect a rise of temperature and/or smoke in the system. In order to avoid leaks in the closed position, it is important that the interface between the periphery of the damper blade and the inner wall of the damper body is properly sealed.
- a commonly used type of damper blade sheet metal has a modulus of elasticity (E-module) of 200 N/mm2 at room temperature but only 100 N/mm2 at a temperature of about 1000 C which can occur at fire conditions. Then the risk of undesired bending of the damper blade is considerable.
- E-module modulus of elasticity
- An object of the present invention is to provide a new type of fire damper which is improved over prior art and which eliminates or at least mitigates the drawbacks discussed above.
- a fire damper for ventilation system comprises: a damper body defining an air flow channel; a fire damper blade movable between a first position in which the air flow channel is open, and a second position in which the air flow channel is closed; and an arrangement configured to stop and lock the fire damper blade in the closed position so that movement of the fire damper blade towards the open position is prevented.
- the stopping and locking arrangement comprises at least one stationary stopping means configured to stop the damper blade in the closed position.
- the fire damper blade has seal means configured to seal against the inner wall of the damper body in the closed sealed position.
- the stopping and locking arrangement further comprises a least one locking means which is arranged in the wall of the damper body and which is configured to be activated by a rise of temperature triggering a portion of the locking means to move outwards from the inner wall of the damper body into locking engagement with the closed fire damper blade.
- the locking means comprises a thermally swelling material configured to move said portion of the locking means into locking engagement with the closed fire damper blade.
- the locking means portion comprises a tongue which upon activation of the thermally swelling material is configured to be bent out from the inner surface of the damper body and inwardly towards the air flow channel.
- the thermally swelling material is disposed in a recess of the damper body wall and covered by the locking portion of the locking means.
- the fire damper has means configured to stop and lock the fire damper blade in the closed, sealed position so that movement of the fire damper blade towards the open position is prevented. Since the fire damper blade is locked in this position, the risk of flue gas leakage is eliminated or at least reduced to acceptable levels.
- the idea behind the invention is thus to not only stop the damper blade in the closed position, but also to lock the same so that leakage is prevented.
- the stopping and locking arrangement comprises at least one locking means which is arranged in the wall of the damper body and which is configured to be activated by a rise of temperature triggering a portion of the locking means to move out from the inner wall of the damper body into locking engagement with the closed fire damper blade, there is achieved a combined stopping and locking feature which makes it possible to mechanically lock the fire damper blade in a secure manner so that bending of the blade is avoided and thereby leakage.
- the blade locking means which includes a thermally swelling material configured to move said portion of the locking means into locking engagement with the closed fire damper blade, a favourable temperature sensitivity is achieved.
- a thermally swelling material configured to move said portion of the locking means into locking engagement with the closed fire damper blade.
- a favourable temperature sensitivity is achieved.
- Most preferred is the use of intumescent material.
- the blade locking portion comprises a tongue which upon activation of the thermally swelling material is configured to be bent out from the inner surface of the damper body and inwardly towards the air flow channel, and this tongue may be defined by a slotted section of the damper body wall.
- This type of blade locking means can efficiently be formed in the manufacturing process of the fire damper, which is cost efficient.
- a number of blade locking means are disposed around the inner periphery of the damper body at locations where the fire damper blade is closed.
- the stopping and locking arrangement comprises at least one stationary stopping means configured to stop the fire damper blade in the closed position.
- Each stationary stopping means preferably comprises a protrusion from the inner damper body wall, and the protrusion is directed towards the air flow channel and configured to abut against and stop the fire damper blade in the closed position.
- This blade stopping means are favorable in that they are easy to provide in the manufacturing process.
- the seal means of the fire damper blade extends around the periphery of the damper blade and is configured to seal against the inner wall surface of the damper body in the closed and locked position.
- efficient sealing is achieved in the interface between the inner surface of the damper body and the periphery of the damper blade which prevents leakage.
- a fire damper 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention is shown it its open position, that is when the ventilation system is in its normal mode of operation.
- the fire damper 1 - also referred to as fire gas damper or flue gas damper - has a tubular damper body 2, a mounting bracket 3 and a pivotable fire damper blade 4.
- Either end portion of the damper body 2 is equipped with an annular seal lip 5, 6 for sealing against the inside of ventilation ducts (not shown) of the ventilation system.
- the damper body 2 defines an air flow path or flow channel between the ventilation ducts.
- the tubular body 2 also has an annular reinforcement plate 7 in connection with an annular bead 8.
- the damper blade 4 is pivotable about an axis A perpendicular to and intersecting the center axis of the damper body 2 as is best seen in Fig. 2 illustrating the open position.
- Two opposite pivot means 9 and 10 secure the pivoting movement of the damper blade 4, and the rotation thereof is accomplished by a rod or shaft portion 11 journalled in the mounting bracket 3.
- Seal means 14 is provided on the periphery of the damper blade 4 in order to seal against the inner wall surface of the damper body 2 in the closed position.
- the seal means 14 may consist of a cloth of glass fibre or silicate material sandwiched between two sheet metal plates building up the fire damper blade 4.
- the seal means may comprise thermally swelling material, like intumescent material.
- Figs 4-5 the fire damper 1 is shown in its closed position where the fire damper blade 4 closes the flow channel of the damper body 2.
- the sensor system (not shown) has detected the fire and/or smoke and triggered closing of the damper blade 4 by pivoting movement about the axis A.
- the stopping pins 12, 13 have stopped the movement of the damper blade 4 in this position and the peripheral seal means 14 of the blade 4 seals against the inside of the damper body 2.
- Each locking means 15, 15' comprises a portion or tongue 16 of the duct body wall accomplished by a U-shaped slot 17 in the same.
- a thermally swelling material 19 which is disposed radially outside the tongue 16 with respect to the center axis of the duct body 2 (see Fig. 7 ).
- the tongue 16 is bent from its idle position flush with the inner surface of the duct body 2 to an active position where the free end of the tongue 16 is configured to engage and lock the damper blade 4.
- the damper blade 4 is not only stopped by the stopping pins 12, 13 in this position, but also mechanically locked by the tongue 16.
- the fire damper 1 is equipped with a combined blade stopping and blade locking arrangement (pins 12, 13 and tongues 16).
- the damper blade 4 is locked between the stopping means 12, 13 and the locking means 15, 15' at two opposite locations of the periphery of the closed damper blade 4.
- the stopping means 12, 13 and the locking means 15, 15' are axially spaced a certain distance on the inner surface of the duct body 2 in parallel with the center axis C of the same.
- the damper blade 4 can be slightly tilted in the closed and locked position but still maintained between the axially spaced stopping and locking means.
- the peripheral seal means 14 of the damper blade 4 secures efficient sealing also in the tilted position, so that flue gas leakage is prevented.
- the blade 4 In its closed and locked position, the blade 4 cannot move and the risk of leakage in the gap between the periphery of the blade 4 and the inner wall of the damper body 2 is prevented. This means that the damper blade 4 is permanently locked. After a fire has occurred triggering a locking operation of this kind, the fire damper 1 is always removed and replaced by a new one.
- blade locking means 15 may be further blade locking means 15 arranged on the inside of the damper body 2; depending for instance on the diameter of the fire damper 1.
- the thermally swelling material 19 accommodated in the recess 18 comprises an intumescent material having suitable swelling properties with respect to different temperature and fire condition which may occur.
- Fig. 9 there is schematically shown an alternative fire damper 100.
- the main components of this fire damper 100 are basically the same as described above, namely a damper body 200 and a fire damper blade 400 pivotably movable about an axis A.
- the damper blade 400 is shown somewhat thicker in Fig. 9 and it consists of two sheet metal plates 401 and 402 between which a peripheral seal element 403 is sandwiched.
- the seal element 403 may consist of a cloth of glass fibre or silicate material.
- the fire damper 100 has blade stopping means in the shape of pins 120, 130 of the same type as in the embodiment earlier described.
- the blade locking means 150, 151 are provided at the peripheral portion of the damper blade 400.
- the locking means 150, 151 are disposed on either side of the blade 400 and in opposite positions.
- each locking means 150, 151 contains a thermally swelling material which - when the temperature rises due to a fire - either pushes a tongue of blade material (not shown) into locking engagement with the inner surface of the damper body 200 or is expanded directly against this surface for locking purposes.
- the favorable combined stopping and locking of the damper blade 400 in the closed position is achieved also with this structure.
- the inventive concept is by now means limited to the embodiments described herein, but modification are feasible without departing from the inventive idea defined in the appended claims.
- the invention is in particular applicable to large diameter ventilation systems (say 500 mm diameter and above), it is also applicable to smaller diameters.
- the invention is not limited to circular ventilation duct system but the inventive principles can be applied also to other kinds of ventilations systems; for instance rectangular.
- the examples herein concern damper blades pivotable about a central axis perpendicular to the center axis of the fire damper, the invention is not limited to that structure.
- the inventive concept is generally applicable to different kinds of damper assemblies having a damper blade movable from an open position, which is the normal mode of operation, and a closed portions triggered by a fire or the like in the ventilation system.
- the number of stopping and locking means can vary depending on the size and design of the fire damper.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Air-Flow Control Members (AREA)
Description
- The present invention relates to fire damping in ventilation systems, and more precisely the invention concerns a fire damper having a movable fire damper blade
- Various kinds of fire dampers are used in ventilation systems in order to prevent fire and flue gases to spread in the ventilation system. A common type of fire damper has a circular damper body defining a flow path in which is accommodated a circular fire damper blade which in its open position allows air flow through the damper body and which in its closed position closes the flow path. The fire damper plate is pivotable about a central axis which extends across the flow path. The periphery of the fire damper blade has seal means which in the closed position seals against the inner wall of the damper body.
- An example of a fire damper of this kind is disclosed in
GB-A-2,350,295 WO 2007/068786 . Furthermore, a fire damper including intumescent material is disclosed inEP-A-2,239,014 . - When a fire occurs in a ventilation system which includes a fire damper, the fire damper blade is closed in order to prevent fire and flue gases to spread in the system. In the closed position, the damper blade is stopped by two diametrically opposed stopping pins which project from the inner wall of the damper body and which abut against one side of the peripheral portion of the damper blade.
- Closing of the damper blade is triggered by sensor means which detect a rise of temperature and/or smoke in the system. In order to avoid leaks in the closed position, it is important that the interface between the periphery of the damper blade and the inner wall of the damper body is properly sealed.
- During fire conditions negative air pressures or vacuum of the order 300 Pa occur on one side of the closed damper blade. Since most damper blades consists of rather thin sheet metal, this vacuum strives to push the damper blade to its open position which may lead to leakage. Furthermore, large diameter fire dampers often have damper blades with a diameter of about 500 mm or more. In such fire dampers the vacuum tends to bend that peripheral portion of the damper blade which is not held by the stopping pins. This problem is accentuated by the fact that the strength of the fire blade material is weakened by the heat of the fire, which increases the risk of bending of the damper blade which in turn may lead to leakage. For instance, a commonly used type of damper blade sheet metal has a modulus of elasticity (E-module) of 200 N/mm2 at room temperature but only 100 N/mm2 at a temperature of about 1000 C which can occur at fire conditions. Then the risk of undesired bending of the damper blade is considerable.
- Attempts have been made by fire damper designers to solve this problem, but hitherto no realistic solution has been developed. One simple way of dealing with the problem is to increase the wall thickness of the damper blade. However, this is not a commercially acceptable solution since it increases the overall weight of the fire damper and it also adds on costs, which leads to a price the market cannot afford. In another attempt to find a solution, stiffening ribs have been provided on either or both sides of the damper blade. However, this attempt has failed for the same reason since the stiffening ribs add on to weight and costs.
- From the above it is understood that there is room for improvements.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a new type of fire damper which is improved over prior art and which eliminates or at least mitigates the drawbacks discussed above.
- This object has now been achieved by a fire damper which is defined in appended
claim 1 and with preferred embodiments set forth in the dependent claims 2-8. The object is also achieved by a ventilation system set forth in appendedclaim 9. - In one aspect of the invention, a fire damper for ventilation system comprises: a damper body defining an air flow channel; a fire damper blade movable between a first position in which the air flow channel is open, and a second position in which the air flow channel is closed; and an arrangement configured to stop and lock the fire damper blade in the closed position so that movement of the fire damper blade towards the open position is prevented. The stopping and locking arrangement comprises at least one stationary stopping means configured to stop the damper blade in the closed position. The fire damper blade has seal means configured to seal against the inner wall of the damper body in the closed sealed position. The stopping and locking arrangement further comprises a least one locking means which is arranged in the wall of the damper body and which is configured to be activated by a rise of temperature triggering a portion of the locking means to move outwards from the inner wall of the damper body into locking engagement with the closed fire damper blade. The locking means comprises a thermally swelling material configured to move said portion of the locking means into locking engagement with the closed fire damper blade. Furthermore, the locking means portion comprises a tongue which upon activation of the thermally swelling material is configured to be bent out from the inner surface of the damper body and inwardly towards the air flow channel. The thermally swelling material is disposed in a recess of the damper body wall and covered by the locking portion of the locking means. Hereby the blade locking means can be efficiently integrated in the damper body.
- Thus, the fire damper has means configured to stop and lock the fire damper blade in the closed, sealed position so that movement of the fire damper blade towards the open position is prevented. Since the fire damper blade is locked in this position, the risk of flue gas leakage is eliminated or at least reduced to acceptable levels. The idea behind the invention is thus to not only stop the damper blade in the closed position, but also to lock the same so that leakage is prevented.
- Since the stopping and locking arrangement comprises at least one locking means which is arranged in the wall of the damper body and which is configured to be activated by a rise of temperature triggering a portion of the locking means to move out from the inner wall of the damper body into locking engagement with the closed fire damper blade, there is achieved a combined stopping and locking feature which makes it possible to mechanically lock the fire damper blade in a secure manner so that bending of the blade is avoided and thereby leakage.
- By providing the blade locking means, which includes a thermally swelling material configured to move said portion of the locking means into locking engagement with the closed fire damper blade, a favourable temperature sensitivity is achieved. Most preferred is the use of intumescent material.
- The blade locking portion comprises a tongue which upon activation of the thermally swelling material is configured to be bent out from the inner surface of the damper body and inwardly towards the air flow channel, and this tongue may be defined by a slotted section of the damper body wall. This type of blade locking means can efficiently be formed in the manufacturing process of the fire damper, which is cost efficient.
- In a preferred embodiment, a number of blade locking means are disposed around the inner periphery of the damper body at locations where the fire damper blade is closed.
- In all embodiments of the invention, the stopping and locking arrangement comprises at least one stationary stopping means configured to stop the fire damper blade in the closed position. Each stationary stopping means preferably comprises a protrusion from the inner damper body wall, and the protrusion is directed towards the air flow channel and configured to abut against and stop the fire damper blade in the closed position. This blade stopping means are favorable in that they are easy to provide in the manufacturing process.
- Preferably, the seal means of the fire damper blade extends around the periphery of the damper blade and is configured to seal against the inner wall surface of the damper body in the closed and locked position. Hereby efficient sealing is achieved in the interface between the inner surface of the damper body and the periphery of the damper blade which prevents leakage.
- Embodiments of the invention will be described in the following; references being made to the appended diagrammic drawings which illustrate non-limiting examples of how the inventive concept can be reduced into practice.
-
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a fire damper which is designed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention and which is shown in open position. -
Fig. 2 is an end view of the fire damper ofFig. 1 . -
Fig. 3 shows the open fire damper on a larger scale and in a section along line III-III inFig. 2 . -
Fig. 4 corresponds to the end view ofFig. 2 but shows a closed position of the fire damper. -
Fig. 5 corresponds toFig. 3 but shows the fire damper in a closed position in a section along line V-V inFig. 4 . -
Fig. 6 corresponds toFigs 3 and5 but shows the fire damper in a closed and locked position. -
Fig. 7 shows on larger scale and in partial cross section a damper blade before the closed and locked position ofFig. 6 is established (cf.Fig. 5 ). -
Fig. 8 shows on a larger scale the closed and locked position illustrated inFig. 6 . -
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of an alternative fire damper which is shown in closed position and which illustrates an embodiment not forming part of the invention. - With reference to
Fig. 1 afire damper 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention is shown it its open position, that is when the ventilation system is in its normal mode of operation. The fire damper 1 - also referred to as fire gas damper or flue gas damper - has atubular damper body 2, a mountingbracket 3 and a pivotablefire damper blade 4. Either end portion of thedamper body 2 is equipped with anannular seal lip damper body 2 defines an air flow path or flow channel between the ventilation ducts. Thetubular body 2 also has anannular reinforcement plate 7 in connection with anannular bead 8. - The
damper blade 4 is pivotable about an axis A perpendicular to and intersecting the center axis of thedamper body 2 as is best seen inFig. 2 illustrating the open position. Two opposite pivot means 9 and 10 secure the pivoting movement of thedamper blade 4, and the rotation thereof is accomplished by a rod orshaft portion 11 journalled in the mountingbracket 3. - On the inside of the
damper body 2, there are two opposite,stationary pins damper body 2 and which are configured to stop thedamper blade 4 in the closed position (seeFigs 4-5 ). In this closed position, theblade stopping pins damper blade 4 at its periphery. - Seal means 14 is provided on the periphery of the
damper blade 4 in order to seal against the inner wall surface of thedamper body 2 in the closed position. The seal means 14 may consist of a cloth of glass fibre or silicate material sandwiched between two sheet metal plates building up thefire damper blade 4. Alternatively, the seal means may comprise thermally swelling material, like intumescent material. - In
Figs 4-5 thefire damper 1 is shown in its closed position where thefire damper blade 4 closes the flow channel of thedamper body 2. For better understanding of this example of how the inventive concept works, let's assume that this closed position has been triggered by a fire which has sent flue gases into the ventilation system. The sensor system (not shown) has detected the fire and/or smoke and triggered closing of thedamper blade 4 by pivoting movement about the axis A. The stopping pins 12, 13 have stopped the movement of thedamper blade 4 in this position and the peripheral seal means 14 of theblade 4 seals against the inside of thedamper body 2. In the closed position of shown inFig. 5 and as the temperature rises due to the fire, an increasing pressure is built up on one side of thedamper blade 4 which pulls theblade 4 back from the closed position (that is clockwise about the axis A inFig. 5 ). If this movement of theblade 4 towards open position continues, the sealing effect in the interface between the peripheral seal means 14 and the inner surface of thedamper body 2 is lost and leakage will occur. - Thanks to mechanical locking means depicted 15, 15' in the Figures leakage can be avoided in the way illustrated in
Fig. 6 . Each locking means 15, 15' comprises a portion ortongue 16 of the duct body wall accomplished by aU-shaped slot 17 in the same. In arecess 18 of theduct body 2 there is provided a thermally swellingmaterial 19 which is disposed radially outside thetongue 16 with respect to the center axis of the duct body 2 (seeFig. 7 ). When the temperature rises in the flow channel of theduct body 2, the swellingmaterial 19 is activated and expanded which pushes thetongue 16 to an inclined position where it abuts against one side of thedamper blade 4 at its peripheral portion. Thus, thetongue 16 is bent from its idle position flush with the inner surface of theduct body 2 to an active position where the free end of thetongue 16 is configured to engage and lock thedamper blade 4. In this way, thedamper blade 4 is not only stopped by the stoppingpins tongue 16. In other words, thefire damper 1 is equipped with a combined blade stopping and blade locking arrangement (pins 12, 13 and tongues 16). - The
damper blade 4 is locked between the stoppingmeans closed damper blade 4. At either side, the stopping means 12, 13 and the locking means 15, 15' are axially spaced a certain distance on the inner surface of theduct body 2 in parallel with the center axis C of the same. As can be seen inFig. 6 , thedamper blade 4 can be slightly tilted in the closed and locked position but still maintained between the axially spaced stopping and locking means. The peripheral seal means 14 of thedamper blade 4 secures efficient sealing also in the tilted position, so that flue gas leakage is prevented. - In its closed and locked position, the
blade 4 cannot move and the risk of leakage in the gap between the periphery of theblade 4 and the inner wall of thedamper body 2 is prevented. This means that thedamper blade 4 is permanently locked. After a fire has occurred triggering a locking operation of this kind, thefire damper 1 is always removed and replaced by a new one. - Although not illustrated here, there may be further blade locking means 15 arranged on the inside of the
damper body 2; depending for instance on the diameter of thefire damper 1. Preferably, there are at least two locking means 15, 15' arranged in diametrically opposite position in connection with the two stoppingpins - Preferably, the thermally swelling
material 19 accommodated in therecess 18 comprises an intumescent material having suitable swelling properties with respect to different temperature and fire condition which may occur. - In
Fig. 9 there is schematically shown analternative fire damper 100.. The main components of thisfire damper 100 are basically the same as described above, namely adamper body 200 and afire damper blade 400 pivotably movable about an axis A. Thedamper blade 400 is shown somewhat thicker inFig. 9 and it consists of twosheet metal plates peripheral seal element 403 is sandwiched. Theseal element 403 may consist of a cloth of glass fibre or silicate material. - The
fire damper 100 has blade stopping means in the shape ofpins damper blade 400. The locking means 150, 151 are disposed on either side of theblade 400 and in opposite positions. As in the previous embodiment, each locking means 150, 151 contains a thermally swelling material which - when the temperature rises due to a fire - either pushes a tongue of blade material (not shown) into locking engagement with the inner surface of thedamper body 200 or is expanded directly against this surface for locking purposes. The favorable combined stopping and locking of thedamper blade 400 in the closed position is achieved also with this structure. In an embodiment (not shown), there may be recesses or shoulders on the inner wall of thedamper body 200 which match the expanding portion of the blade periphery. - It should be appreciated that the inventive concept is by now means limited to the embodiments described herein, but modification are feasible without departing from the inventive idea defined in the appended claims. Although the invention is in particular applicable to large diameter ventilation systems (say 500 mm diameter and above), it is also applicable to smaller diameters. Furthermore, the invention is not limited to circular ventilation duct system but the inventive principles can be applied also to other kinds of ventilations systems; for instance rectangular. Although the examples herein concern damper blades pivotable about a central axis perpendicular to the center axis of the fire damper, the invention is not limited to that structure. Rather the inventive concept is generally applicable to different kinds of damper assemblies having a damper blade movable from an open position, which is the normal mode of operation, and a closed portions triggered by a fire or the like in the ventilation system. As mentioned above, the number of stopping and locking means can vary depending on the size and design of the fire damper.
Claims (9)
- A fire damper for ventilation system, comprising a damper body (2) defining an air flow channel; a fire damper blade (4) movable between a first position in which the air flow channel is open, and a second position in which the air flow channel is closed; and an arrangement configured to stop and lock the fire damper blade (4) in the closed position so that movement of the fire damper blade (4) towards the open position is prevented; said stopping and locking arrangement comprising at least one stationary stopping means (12) configured to stop the fire damper blade (4) in the closed position by abutment against a side of the fire damper blade at its periphery; wherein said fire damper blade (4) has seal means (14) configured to seal against the inner wall of the damper body (2) in the closed sealed position; and wherein said stopping and locking arrangement comprises at least one locking means (15-19) which is arranged in the wall of the damper body (2) and which is configured to be activated by a rise of temperature; characterized in that said locking means comprises a thermally swelling material (19) which is disposed in a recess (18) of the damper body wall and which is covered by a portion of the locking means; wherein said portion of the locking means comprises a tongue (16) which upon activation of the thermally swelling material (19) is triggered to be bent out from the inner wall of the damper body (2) inwardly towards the air flow channel into locking engagement with the closed fire damper blade (4) and into abutment against a side of the fire damper blade (4) at its peripheral portion; and wherein a peripheral portion of the fire damper blade (4) is positioned between said stationary stopping means (12) and said bent tongue (16), in said closed sealed position.
- The fire damper as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thermally swelling material (19) comprises an intumescent material.
- The fire damper as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein said tongue (16) is defined by a slotted section (17) of the damper body wall.
- The fire damper as claimed in any one of preceding claims, comprising a number of said locking means (15-19) disposed around the inner periphery of the damper body (2) at locations where the fire damper blade (4) is closed.
- The fire damper as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, comprising a number of said stationary stopping means (12, 13) disposed around the inner periphery of the damper body (2) at locations where the fire damper blade (4) is closed.
- The fire damper as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein each of said stationary stopping means comprises a protrusion (12, 13) from the inner damper body wall, said protrusion (12, 13) being directed towards the air flow channel and configured to abut against and stop the fire damper blade (4) in the closed position.
- The fire damper as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein said stopping and locking arrangement is configured to permanently stop and lock the fire damper blade (4) in closed position in case of a fire in the ventilation system.
- The fire damper as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein said seal means (14) extends around the periphery of the fire damper blade and is configured to seal against the inner wall surface of the damper body (2) in said closed and locked position.
- A ventilation system comprising at least one fire damper (1) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DK13175930.0T DK2823862T3 (en) | 2013-07-10 | 2013-07-10 | VENTILATION SYSTEM DUMPING DEVICE |
EP13175930.0A EP2823862B1 (en) | 2013-07-10 | 2013-07-10 | Damper assembly for ventilation system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP13175930.0A EP2823862B1 (en) | 2013-07-10 | 2013-07-10 | Damper assembly for ventilation system |
Publications (2)
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EP2823862A1 EP2823862A1 (en) | 2015-01-14 |
EP2823862B1 true EP2823862B1 (en) | 2016-10-12 |
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Family Applications (1)
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EP13175930.0A Active EP2823862B1 (en) | 2013-07-10 | 2013-07-10 | Damper assembly for ventilation system |
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EP (1) | EP2823862B1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK2823862T3 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR102497376B1 (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2023-02-07 | 유지홍 | Ventilation unit with back draft damper combined intake and exhaust |
US11713892B2 (en) | 2018-05-21 | 2023-08-01 | Price Holyoake (NZ) Limited | Fire damper |
EP4279146A1 (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2023-11-22 | Trox GmbH | Fire damper |
US11971190B2 (en) | 2022-02-10 | 2024-04-30 | Air Distribution Technologies Ip, Llc | Damper for HVAC system |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101594806B1 (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2016-02-17 | 고현수 | Smoke Exhaustion Equipment for Lifesaving of Dwelling Establishments |
PL3916316T3 (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2023-05-02 | Rf-Technologies Nv | Ventilation element with seals |
CN117990291B (en) * | 2024-04-03 | 2024-05-31 | 江苏国兴通风设备有限公司 | Fireproof air brake air leakage detection device |
Citations (1)
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EP0412903A1 (en) * | 1989-08-07 | 1991-02-13 | Electricite De France | Composite panel of fireproof, impact-resistant, watertight and sound-absorbant material and its method of manufacture |
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US4219041A (en) * | 1978-04-14 | 1980-08-26 | Mccabe Francis J | Electro-thermal fire protection locking clip |
FR2661100B1 (en) * | 1990-04-20 | 1994-02-11 | Hamon | FLAME-RESISTANT AND FIRE-RESISTANT SYSTEM FOR AN ELEMENT SUCH AS A DOOR OR PANEL, AND DEVICE INCORPORATING THE SAME. |
FI89333C (en) * | 1991-08-23 | 1993-09-27 | Halton Oy | BRANDBEGRAENSARE OCH FOERFARANDE FOER LAOSNING AV TILLSLUTNINGSORGANET AV BRANDBEGRAENSAREN |
FI105129B (en) | 1999-03-31 | 2000-06-15 | Flaekt Oy | Flue gas damper |
FI120848B (en) * | 2005-01-17 | 2010-03-31 | Flaekt Woods Ab | The flue gas damper |
FI118457B (en) | 2005-12-13 | 2007-11-30 | Flaekt Woods Ab | Fire damper shut-off flap |
BE1018315A5 (en) * | 2009-04-06 | 2010-08-03 | Rf Technologies Nv | FIRE-RESISTANT VENTILATION VALVE. |
-
2013
- 2013-07-10 DK DK13175930.0T patent/DK2823862T3/en active
- 2013-07-10 EP EP13175930.0A patent/EP2823862B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0412903A1 (en) * | 1989-08-07 | 1991-02-13 | Electricite De France | Composite panel of fireproof, impact-resistant, watertight and sound-absorbant material and its method of manufacture |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11713892B2 (en) | 2018-05-21 | 2023-08-01 | Price Holyoake (NZ) Limited | Fire damper |
US11971190B2 (en) | 2022-02-10 | 2024-04-30 | Air Distribution Technologies Ip, Llc | Damper for HVAC system |
EP4279146A1 (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2023-11-22 | Trox GmbH | Fire damper |
KR102497376B1 (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2023-02-07 | 유지홍 | Ventilation unit with back draft damper combined intake and exhaust |
Also Published As
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EP2823862A1 (en) | 2015-01-14 |
DK2823862T3 (en) | 2017-01-09 |
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