EP2822730B1 - Device for fine machining of optically effective surfaces on in particular spectacle lenses and flexible production cell comprising such a device - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

The present invention relates generally to a device for fine machining of optically active surfaces according to the preamble of claim 1. In particular, the invention relates to a device for fine machining the optically effective surfaces of spectacle lenses, as in so-called "RX workshops", i. Production facilities for the production of individual spectacle lenses are widely used according to prescriptions. Furthermore, the invention relates to a flexible manufacturing cell for processing spectacle lenses, which comprises such a fine processing device.

STATE OF THE ART

The machining of the optically effective surfaces of spectacle lenses can be roughly subdivided into two processing phases, namely first the pre-processing of the optically effective surface to produce the recipe macrogeometry and then the fine processing of the optically effective surface to eliminate Vorbearbeitungsspuren and obtain the desired microgeometry. While the pre-processing of the optically effective surfaces of spectacle lenses, inter alia, depending on the material of the lenses by grinding (mineral glass), milling and / or turning (in plastics such as polycarbonate, CR 39, HI index, etc.), the optical effective surfaces of spectacle lenses in the fine machining usually subjected to a fine grinding, lapping and / or polishing process, for which one uses a corresponding processing device.

Especially hand-fed polishing machines in RX workshops are usually designed as "twin machines", so that advantageously the two lenses of an "RX job" - a lens prescription always consists of a pair of spectacle lenses - can be simultaneously finished. Such a "twin" polishing machine, for example, from the preamble of claim 1 forming document US-A-2007/0155287 known.

In this prior art polishing machine projecting two parallel, each rotatable about a rotation axis, but otherwise stationary workpiece spindles from below into a working space where they face two polishing tools, so that a polishing tool of a workpiece spindle and the other polishing tool of the other workpiece spindle is assigned. Each polishing tool is freely rotatably mounted on a spherical bearing at a projecting from above into the working space piston rod of a respective, arranged above the working space piston-cylinder arrangement by means of the respective polishing tool can be lowered or raised individually with respect to the associated workpiece spindle. The two piston-cylinder assemblies are further by means of a linear drive together in a direction perpendicular to the axes of rotation of the workpiece spindles with respect to a front side of the polishing machine moved back and forth and also by means of a pivot drive together tiltable about a pivot axis, which is also perpendicular to the axes of rotation of the workpiece spindles , but runs parallel to the front of the polishing machine. By means of the pivot drive, the angular position between the axes of rotation of the tools and workpieces can be preset before the tools are lowered by means of the piston-cylinder assemblies on the workpieces. During the actual polishing process, the workpieces are driven in rotation, which coincides with the Workpieces in machining engagement tools are rotationally driven by friction, while the linear drive causes the tools to be alternately moved back and forth with respect to the front of the polishing machine (oscillatory motion) with the tools moving back and forth across the workpieces with a relatively small travel strip (so-called "tangential kinematics"). In addition, the linear drive is used to move tools and workpieces so far apart that a change is possible.

Although the prior art polishing machine already has a very narrow construction, it requires in the depth direction due to the long horizontal travel of the piston-cylinder assemblies perpendicular to the axes of rotation of the workpiece spindles a relatively large footprint, which is about a use in a flexible manufacturing cell for spectacle lens processing for smaller RX workshops. In addition, the accessibility of this polishing machine, especially when changing the workpieces and tools and to clean the working space is not optimal.

TASK

The invention has for its object to provide a device for fine machining of the optically effective surfaces of particular eyeglass lenses, which requires a comparatively small footprint, so that they can be easily integrated as a module in a flexible manufacturing cell for the lens processing, and also against the eingangertenerten prior art in terms of workpiece and tool change and maintenance and cleaning work is designed ergonomic. The task of the invention further comprises the provision of a cost-effective design flexible manufacturing cell for pre- and fine-processing of spectacle lenses.

PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

This object is achieved by the features specified in the patent claims 1 and 15, respectively. Advantageous or expedient developments of the invention are subject matter of the claims 2 to 14.

According to the invention, in a device for fine machining of the optically active surfaces on in particular spectacle lenses as workpieces comprising at least one workpiece spindle projecting into a working space, via which a workpiece to be machined is rotatably driven about a workpiece axis of rotation, at least one feed device for a tool by means of the tool is movable toward and away from the workpiece, an oscillation drive unit by means of which the feed device is reciprocally movable in an oscillation direction that is substantially transverse to the workpiece rotation axis during machining, and a pivot drive unit by means of the feed device is pivotable about a pivoting adjusting axis which is substantially perpendicular to the workpiece rotation axis and substantially normal to the oscillation direction; a pivoting mechanism is provided, by means of which the feed device, the oscillation drive unit and the pivot drive unit are pivotable relative to the workpiece spindle from a closing relative position under opening of the working space in an opening relative position and vice versa.

In other words, by means of the pivot mechanism according to the invention, the feed device, the oscillation drive unit and the pivot drive unit are more comprehensive, on the tool-side main part of the device with respect to a workpiece-side main part of the device or, in an alternative, the workpiece-side main part of the device with respect to the tool-side main part of the device or, in a further alternative, both main parts of the device from and to each other and swiveled away and vice versa ,

As a result, in particular the travel paths of the oscillation drive unit compared to the above-described prior art can be significantly shortened without hindering the workpiece or tool change, so that the device according to the invention is significantly more compact and requires a smaller footprint. Workpiece and tool changes are - as well as maintenance and cleaning of the device - compared to the prior art described above also facilitated because a significantly larger opening cross-section is released as a result of the invention pivot under opening of the working space, by an operator and / or if necessary automated grippers, cleaning tools or the like. can easily go into the device or get in there. In addition, the pivot according to the invention can advantageously be designed so that it comes to a certain "turning" the respective pivoted main part of the device to the shared opening cross-section, so that the tools or workpieces in the working space not only laterally but also from the front side and thus can be seized safer. As a result, the device according to the invention not only has a relatively small footprint but also has a good accessibility to the work space, thus a very ergonomic design, which predestined them overall in particular for use in a flexible manufacturing cell.

It should also be mentioned at this point that the kinematic configuration of the device can in principle be taken as in the generic state of the art, in particular with an oscillation drive unit, which during machining the feed device substantially perpendicular to the workpiece axis of rotation in an axial direction back and forth can move, with respect to the operator position or the front of the device back and forth. Equally, however, the oscillatory movement can also take place along or substantially parallel to the front side of the device and / or be realized with a pivoting movement instead of an axial movement. The use of the pivot mechanism according to the invention is independent thereof.

In principle, it is conceivable to provide a separate pivotability of feed device, oscillation drive unit and / or pivot drive unit relative to the workpiece spindle-possibly also about different pivot axes-in order to open the work space. In view of ease of handling and low mechanical effort, however, it is preferred if the pivot mechanism has a common pivot axis for the feed device, the Oszillationsantriebseinheit and Schwenkantriebseinheit about which the feed device, the Oszillationsantriebseinheit and the pivot drive unit are pivoted together with respect to the workpiece spindle and vice versa.

It is further preferred if, viewed from an operator position, the pivot axis lies behind the work space. Compared to a likewise possible arrangement in which the pivot axis is seen from the operator position to the right or left of the working space, this has the advantage that the operator symmetrical ambidextrous unhindered work is possible, so that the device equally well from legal and Left-handed is to use.

With regard to a narrow construction and mechanically simple embodiment of the device, it is further preferred if the pivot axis of the pivot mechanism is substantially parallel to the pivoting adjustment axis of the pivot drive unit.

Advantageously, the pivot mechanism may comprise a pivot frame with a handle portion over which the feed device, the oscillation drive unit and the pivot drive unit are manually pivotable with respect to the workpiece spindle and vice versa. This represents a simple and cost-effective alternative to a likewise possible fully automatic or motor-assisted pivoting movement, which would also require suitable safety precautions (protective systems, protective devices). In a preferred embodiment, the swing frame can continue to wear a hood for opening or closing the device. Compared to a conceivable, independent of the pivot mechanism hood this again simplifies the operation of the device.

Furthermore, the pivot mechanism may comprise at least one spring element, which facilitates the pivoting away of the feed device, the oscillation drive unit and the pivot drive unit with respect to the workpiece spindle. For example, the at least one spring element (e.g., one or more gas springs) may be designed to substantially counterbalance the weight of the parts to be moved away, not only providing a high level of user comfort, but also advantageous in terms of safety at work.

In addition, a positioning and closing mechanism may be provided which, during operation, holds the feed device, the oscillation drive unit and the pivot drive unit in their closed position and a substantially vertical orientation of the - currently preferred - linear Ensures oscillation with respect to the workpiece axis of rotation. The positioning and closing mechanism can thus advantageously counteract the process forces occurring during processing, for example as a result of the application of a polishing pressure by the infeed device, and at the same time ensure the desired relative position of the moving parts relative to one another, which is particularly the case with the above-mentioned tangential kinematics polishing process with respect to FIG Obtaining reproducible polishing results is important. In this case, the positioning and closing mechanism can advantageously comprise a pressure medium cylinder, for example a pneumatic cylinder for holding the feed device, the oscillation drive unit and the swivel drive unit in its closed position, although a positive locking of the swivel mechanism could also be used. Furthermore, it is preferred if the positioning and closing mechanism comprises at least one adjustable, optionally a shock absorber having stop, by means of which the alignment of the oscillation direction with respect to the workpiece axis of rotation is adjustable. Compared to a principle also possible fixed stop has an adjustable stop in particular the advantage that manufacturing tolerances easier to accept, because it can be easily compensated. The optionally available shock absorber can prevent damage to the device if the working space is closed excessively tight.

In a preferred embodiment, the device further has a work space bounding and supporting the workpiece spindle body, are attached to the two brackets which support the pivot axis of the pivot mechanism, wherein the Oszillationsantriebseinheit has a guide block which is pivotally mounted between the brackets on the pivot axis , Advantageously, a component of the oscillation drive unit is thus also used for the pivoting mechanism.

In addition, the oscillation drive unit may comprise two guide rods longitudinally slidably mounted in the guide block, a guide head and a guide plate, the guide rods being interconnected on one side of the guide block via the guide head, while being interconnected on the other side of the guide block via the guide plate , and wherein the guide head is displaceable by means of a screw drive relative to the guide block. In that regard, the Oszillationsantriebseinheit can be advantageously formed by a commercially available linear rod guide whose carriage is "fixed" as a guide block pivotally mounted on the pivot axis of the pivot mechanism, with high functional integration in the guide block. Here, in view of further functional integration in the oscillation drive unit and small number of components, it is further preferable that the swing drive unit has a swing yoke supporting the feed device pivotally supported on the guide head of the oscillation drive unit, with a lift module disposed between the guide plate of the oscillation drive unit and the swing yoke is, by means of which the pivot yoke is pivotable about the pivoting adjusting axis.

In the further pursuit of the inventive concept, two workpiece spindles projecting into the working space can be provided for constructing a "twin" machine, which are rotationally drivable via a belt drive about the workpiece axes of rotation, which comprises a belt pulley rotatable by a rotary drive, a belt and a tensioning device. and pulley for the belt, which sits between the workpiece spindles and is mounted on the rotary drive eccentric to the pulley, so that the belt can be tensioned by pivoting the rotary drive. These measures are also conducive to maintaining a very compact design, in addition to tensioning the belt no additional components are necessary, the latter is possible only by mere rotation or pivoting of the rotary drive.

If the device described above as a single machine, ie not used in a machine network, it must of course have a device for human-machine communication and a suitable controller, such as a PC-based CNC control, which controls their drive modules / Achsantriebe. According to a further aspect of the invention, a flexible manufacturing cell for the pre- and fine processing of spectacle lenses, however, comprises (1) a device for pre-machining the optically effective surfaces of the spectacle lenses by milling, turning and / or grinding, the controlled or controlled drive axes for workpiece and / or tool, each with associated drive module, and (2) a device for fine machining of the optically effective surfaces of the lenses by polishing, namely the device described above, which has controlled or controlled drive axes for workpiece and / or tool, each associated with Drive module, and which is as a module to the device for pre-processing - at least electrically, possibly also mechanically - docked, with the further special feature that only the device for pre-processing has a device for man-machine communication and a CNC control which the drive modules both devices drives. The electrical connection between the CNC control and the drive modules can take place here by means of individual wiring or via a bus system. Thus, the device for finishing without means for man-machine communication and own CNC control can be made very inexpensive and especially in smaller RX workshops - possibly also subsequently - be added without great effort as a module to the device for pre-processing.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer flexiblen Fertigungszelle zur Bearbeitung von Brillengläsern von schräg oben / vorne rechts, umfassend - links - eine Vorrichtung zur Vorbearbeitung der Brillengläser (auch Generator genannt) und - rechts - eine daran angedockte, erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur anschließenden Feinbearbeitung der Brillengläser (Poliermaschine), wobei zur Freigabe der Sicht in den Arbeitsraum der jeweiligen Maschine eine Schwenktür des Generators und eine Haube der Poliermaschine hochgeschwenkt sind;

Fig. 2

eine im Maßstab gegenüber der Fig. 1 vergrößerte, perspektivische Ansicht der Poliermaschine gemäß Fig. 1 von schräg oben / vorne rechts, die wesentliche Bauteile bzw. Baugruppen der Maschine zeigt, wobei zur Vereinfachung der Darstellung insbesondere die Haube und weitere Teile der Verkleidung, die Versorgungseinrichtungen (einschließlich Leitungen, Schläuche und Rohre) für Strom, Druckluft und Poliermittel, der Poliermittelrücklauf sowie die Mess-, Wartungs- und Sicherheitseinrichtungen weggelassen wurden;

Fig. 3

eine im Maßstab und Blickwinkel sowie bezüglich der Zeichnungsvereinfachungen der Fig. 2 im Wesentlichen entsprechende perspektivische Ansicht der Poliermaschine gemäß Fig. 1, bei der sich ein oberer Teil der Maschine in einer von einem unteren Teil der Maschine weggeschwenkten Position befindet;

Fig. 4

eine am Maschinengehäuse abgebrochene, perspektivische Ansicht der Poliermaschine gemäß Fig. 1 von schräg oben / vorne links in einem gegenüber den Fig. 2 und 3 vergrößerten Maßstab, wobei ein in den Fig. 2 und 3 linker Werkzeugzylinder und eine zugeordnete, flexible Arbeitsraumabdeckung weggelassen wurden, insbesondere um den Blick auf die dahinter liegende Schwenkachse für den oberen Teil der Maschine freizugeben;

Fig. 5

eine im Maßstab und Blickwinkel sowie bezüglich der Zeichnungsvereinfachungen der Fig. 4 im Wesentlichen entsprechende perspektivische Ansicht der Poliermaschine gemäß Fig. 1, bei der sich der obere Teil der Maschine in einer von dem unteren Teil der Maschine weggeschwenkten Position befindet;

Fig. 6

eine perspektivische Ansicht der Poliermaschine gemäß Fig. 1 im Maßstab der Fig. 4 und 5 von schräg oben / hinten rechts, wobei gegenüber der Darstellung in den Fig. 2 und 3 das Maschinengehäuse weggelassen wurde;

Fig. 7

eine im Maßstab und Blickwinkel sowie bezüglich der Zeichnungsvereinfachungen der Fig. 6 im Wesentlichen entsprechende perspektivische Ansicht der Poliermaschine gemäß Fig. 1, bei der sich der obere Teil der Maschine in einer von dem unteren Teil der Maschine weggeschwenkten Position befindet;

Fig. 8

eine perspektivische Ansicht der Poliermaschine gemäß Fig. 1 im Maßstab der Fig. 6 und 7 von schräg oben / hinten links, wobei gegenüber der Darstellung in den Fig. 6 und 7 sämtliche Antriebsmechanismen und zugeordnete Teile für Werkstücke und Werkzeuge weggelassen wurden (bis auf einen Führungsblock der Oszillationsantriebseinheit), so dass der Schwenkmechanismus für den oberen Teil der Maschine besser zu erkennen ist;

Fig. 9

eine im Maßstab und Blickwinkel sowie bezüglich der Zeichnungsvereinfachungen der Fig. 8 im Wesentlichen entsprechende perspektivische Ansicht der Poliermaschine gemäß Fig. 1, bei der sich der obere Teil der Maschine in einer von dem unteren Teil der Maschine weggeschwenkten Position befindet;

Fig. 10

eine teilweise aufgebrochene Vorderansicht der Poliermaschine gemäß Fig. 1 im Maßstab der Fig. 6 und 7 und mit deren Zeichnungsvereinfachungen;

Fig. 11

eine teilweise aufgebrochene Vorderansicht der Poliermaschine gemäß Fig. 1 ähnlich der Fig. 10, bei der sich der obere Teil der Maschine in einer von dem unteren Teil der Maschine weggeschwenkten Position befindet;

Fig. 12

eine Schnittansicht der Poliermaschine gemäß Fig. 1 entsprechend der Schnittverlaufslinie XII-XII in Fig. 10, allerdings um 5° in der Zeichnungsebene gekippt, um frontal auf den Antriebsmechanismus (Riementrieb) für die Werkstücke zu blicken;

Fig. 13

eine Seitenansicht der Poliermaschine gemäß Fig. 1 von links in Fig. 10, wobei - ähnlich den Fig. 8 und 9 - gegenüber der Darstellung in den Fig. 6 und 7 von den Antriebsmechanismen und zugeordneten Teilen für Werkstücke und Werkzeuge im oberen Teil der Maschine lediglich ein Schwenkjoch der Schwenkantriebseinheit sowie der Führungsblock der Oszillationsantriebseinheit mit Führungskopf, -stange und -platte gezeigt sind;

Fig. 14

eine Schnittansicht der Poliermaschine gemäß Fig. 1 entsprechend der Schnittverlaufslinie XIV-XIV in Fig. 13, d.h. mit einer Schnittebene durch die Schwenkachse für den oberen Teil der Maschine; und

Fig. 15

ein vereinfachtes Blockdiagramm zur CNC-Architektur der flexiblen Fertigungszelle gemäß Fig. 1.

In the following the invention will be explained in more detail by means of a preferred embodiment with reference to the attached, partially simplified or schematic drawings. In the drawings show:

Fig. 1

a perspective view of a flexible manufacturing cell for processing eyeglass lenses obliquely from above / front right, comprising - left - a device for pre-processing of the lenses (also called generator) and - right - a docked thereon, inventive device for subsequent fine processing of the lenses (polishing machine) wherein, to release the view into the working space of the respective machine, a swing door of the generator and a hood of the polishing machine are swung up;

Fig. 2

one in scale over the Fig. 1 enlarged, perspective view of the polishing machine according to Fig. 1 obliquely top / front right, showing the essential components or assemblies of the machine, wherein for ease of illustration, in particular the hood and other parts of the panel, the utilities (including pipes, hoses and pipes) for electricity, compressed air and polishing, the polishing agent return and the measuring, maintenance and safety devices have been omitted;

Fig. 3

a in scale and perspective, as well as with respect to the simplification of the drawing Fig. 2 essentially corresponding perspective view of the polishing machine according to Fig. 1 in which there is an upper part the machine is in a position pivoted away from a lower part of the machine;

Fig. 4

a broken at the machine housing, perspective view of the polishing machine according to Fig. 1 from diagonally above / front left in a opposite the Fig. 2 and 3 enlarged scale, one in the Fig. 2 and 3 left tool cylinder and an associated, flexible work space cover have been omitted, in particular to release the view of the underlying pivot axis for the upper part of the machine;

Fig. 5

a in scale and perspective, as well as with respect to the simplification of the drawing Fig. 4 essentially corresponding perspective view of the polishing machine according to Fig. 1 in which the upper part of the machine is in a position pivoted away from the lower part of the machine;

Fig. 6

a perspective view of the polishing machine according to Fig. 1 in the scale of Fig. 4 and 5 from obliquely above / behind right, whereby opposite the representation in the Fig. 2 and 3 the machine housing has been omitted;

Fig. 7

a in scale and perspective, as well as with respect to the simplification of the drawing Fig. 6 essentially corresponding perspective view of the polishing machine according to Fig. 1 in which the upper part of the machine is in a position pivoted away from the lower part of the machine;

Fig. 8

a perspective view of the polishing machine according to Fig. 1 in the scale of Fig. 6 and 7 from obliquely above / behind left, whereby opposite the representation in the Fig. 6 and 7 all drive mechanisms and associated Parts for workpieces and tools have been omitted (except for a guide block of the oscillation drive unit), so that the pivot mechanism for the upper part of the machine can be seen better;

Fig. 9

a in scale and perspective, as well as with respect to the simplification of the drawing Fig. 8 essentially corresponding perspective view of the polishing machine according to Fig. 1 in which the upper part of the machine is in a position pivoted away from the lower part of the machine;

Fig. 10

a partially broken front view of the polishing machine according to Fig. 1 in the scale of Fig. 6 and 7 and with their drawing simplifications;

Fig. 11

a partially broken front view of the polishing machine according to Fig. 1 similar to the Fig. 10 in which the upper part of the machine is in a position pivoted away from the lower part of the machine;

Fig. 12

a sectional view of the polishing machine according to Fig. 1 according to the section line XII-XII in Fig. 10 , however, tilted by 5 ° in the plane of the drawing to face the drive mechanism (belt drive) for the workpieces;

Fig. 13

a side view of the polishing machine according to Fig. 1 from the left in Fig. 10 , where - similar to the Fig. 8 and 9 - compared to the representation in the Fig. 6 and 7 Of the drive mechanisms and associated parts for workpieces and tools in the upper part of the machine only a pivot yoke of the pivot drive unit and the guide block of the oscillation drive unit shown with guide head, rod and plate;

Fig. 14

a sectional view of the polishing machine according to Fig. 1 according to the cutting line XIV-XIV in Fig. 13 ie with a cutting plane through the pivot axis for the upper part of the machine; and

Fig. 15

a simplified block diagram to the CNC architecture of the flexible manufacturing cell according to Fig. 1 ,

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENT

In Fig. 1 is a flexible manufacturing cell for the pre- and fine-processing of spectacle lenses L in RX workshops generally numbered 10. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated, the flexible manufacturing cell 10 comprises a device for preprocessing the optically effective surfaces cc, cx (cf. Fig. 10 and 11 ) of the lenses L, also called generator 12, and a device for fine machining of the optically effective surfaces cc, cx of the lenses L in the form of a polishing machine 14, which is mechanically and electrically docked as a module to the generator 12, as will be described in more detail later , In the following, the structure and function of the polishing machine 14, which is embodied in the illustrated exemplary embodiment in a "twin" construction, will be explained, so that two lenses L can be polished at the same time.

The generator 12 may be mentioned at this point only that this can be designed as a pure fast-tool lathe or combined milling lathe, as in principle, for example, from the publications EP-A-1 719 573 and EP-A-1 719 585 are known. In these machines is - possibly after a milling pre-processing of the lenses L, such as in the pamphlet EP-A-0 758 571 described a rotary chisel 16 by means of a fast tool servo either linearly reciprocating (oscillation axis F _D ) or rotationally highly dynamically moved to generate a feed movement on the turning tool 16 for the processing of non-rotationally symmetrical spectacle lens surfaces, while the lens L rotating to produce a cutting force is driven (workpiece rotation axis B _D ) and at the same time a relative movement between turning tool 16 and lens L transverse to the oscillation axis F _D (linear axis X _D ) to effect a feed from the lens edge to the lens center or vice versa.

According to the particular Fig. 2 to 7 . 10 and 11 the polishing machine 14 generally has (i) two workpiece spindles 20 projecting from below into a working space 18, via which the spectacle lenses L to be machined can be rotationally driven about workpiece axes of rotation C1, C2, (ii) two feed devices 22 for each one tool W. , by means of which the respective tool W can be moved from above onto the assigned spectacle lens L to and from it (linear movements Z1, Z2), (iii) an oscillation drive unit 24, by means of which the feed devices 22 in an oscillation direction (linear oscillation axis X ), ie, in the present case, can be moved back and forth with respect to a front side of the polishing machine 14, wherein the axis of oscillation X extends substantially transversely to the workpiece axes of rotation C1, C2 during machining, and (iv) a swivel drive unit 26, by means of which the feed devices 22 can be pivoted about a pivot axis B, which essentially is perpendicular to the workpiece axes of rotation C1, C2 and substantially normal to the axis of oscillation X.

As will be described in detail below, the polishing machine 14 also has a pivot mechanism 28, by means of which the feed devices 22, the oscillation drive unit 24 and the pivot drive unit 26 relative to the workpiece spindles 20 from a closing relative position (FIG. Fig. 2 . 4 . 6 . 8th . 10 and 12 to 14 ) opening the working space 18 into an opening relative position ( Fig. 1 . 3 . 5 . 7 . 9 and 11 ) can be swung away and vice versa, namely according to the arrow S (pivoting movement) in the Fig. 4 to 9 . 13 and 14 , Here, in the illustrated embodiment, the pivoting movement S for the feeders 22, the Oszillationsantriebseinheit 24 and the pivot drive unit 26 together, namely about a common pivot axis 30 (see, in particular Fig. 14 ) of the pivoting mechanism 28, which, viewed from an operator position, lies behind the working space 18 and runs essentially parallel to the pivoting adjusting axis B.

According to the Fig. 1 to 5 For example, the polishing machine 14 has a machine frame 32 composed of metal sheets as a welded construction, which at the same time forms part of a machine housing in which not only the drive units and mechanisms visible here but also the supply devices, control components, etc. (not shown) are accommodated. In Fig. 1 up and forward, the machine housing is completed by covering parts 34 and a hood 36 which consists at least partially of Plexiglas (PMMA) and is transparent and can also be pivoted by means of the pivoting mechanism 28 relative to the machine frame 32. Inserted into the machine housing is also a basic body 38 which is also assembled as a welded construction from metal sheets and which delimits the working space 18, in particular downwards in the figures, and carries the workpiece spindles 20 there. The main body 38 has laterally angled flange portions 40, which are placed on associated bearing surfaces 42 of the machine frame 32 and screwed thereto (not shown) to secure the main body 38 in the polishing machine 14. As the Fig. 1 shows the machine housing of the polishing machine 14 with respect to its shape to the machine housing of the generator 12 adapted so that the flexible manufacturing cell 10 has an overall appearance "as if in one piece". Mechanically, in this case the machine frame 32 of the polishing machine 14 is screwed to the machine frame of the generator 12 (not shown).

Further details of the pivot mechanism 28 are in particular the Fig. 8 . 9 . 13 and 14 refer to. Accordingly, two brackets 46 are attached from the rear to a rear wall 44 of the base body 38 at the same vertical height but with horizontal distance from each other. Each holder 46 has a support base 48, with which the respective holder 46 is screwed to the base body 38 (not shown), and two of the support base 48 still upwardly extending support arms in mirror-symmetrical arrangement from holder to holder, namely a shorter - with respect to the Space between the brackets 46 - "inner" bracket arm 50 and a longer "outer" bracket arm 52nd

These brackets 46 initially carry the pivot axis 30, as the FIGS. 13 and 14 can be seen. More specifically, according to Fig. 14 two screws 54 are provided, each of which engages through a through hole 56 formed in the respective inner support arm 50 near the support base 48 and is screwed into an associated threaded bore 58 of the pivot shaft 30 at the end to fix the pivot axis 30 between the supports 46. On the pivot axis 30, a guide block 60 of the oscillation drive unit 24 is pivotally mounted between the brackets 46 via two bearing elements 62 which are mounted in a staggered by the pivot axis 30, stepped through hole 64 in the guide block 60.

Furthermore, the pivot mechanism 28 in the illustrated embodiment, two spring elements, here gas springs 66th which facilitate the pivoting away of the upper, tool-side main part of the polishing machine 14 with respect to the workpiece spindles 20, including the feed devices 22, the oscillation drive unit 24 and the pivot drive unit 26. For this purpose, the gas springs 66 are each hinged at one end to the free end of the outer support arm 52 of the respective associated holder 46, as best in the Fig. 8 to 10 and 14 can be seen. The other end of the respective gas spring 66 is articulated to a respectively associated lower extension 68 of the guide block 60 of the oscillation drive unit 24. The spring force of the gas pressure springs 66 and their articulation points which determine the lever arm about the pivot axis 30 are selected such that the torque generated by the weight of the pivoted components or groups about the pivot axis 30 is substantially counteracted.

In addition, the swivel mechanism 28 is associated with a positioning and closing mechanism 70, which holds the upper, tool-side body with the feeders 22, the oscillating drive unit 24 and the pivot drive unit 26 in the closed position during machining and a substantially vertical alignment of the oscillation axis X with respect to the Workpiece rotation axes C1, C2 guaranteed. The positioning and closing mechanism 70 initially comprises a pressure medium cylinder, more precisely a pneumatic cylinder 72 for holding the pivotable about the pivot axis 30 components in their closed position, which has a cylinder housing 74 and a piston connected to a piston of the pneumatic cylinder 72 piston rod 76 extending from the cylinder housing 74 extends. In this case, the cylinder housing 74 of the pneumatic cylinder 72 is hinged to a bracket 78, which in turn on the support base 48 of the in the Fig. 6 to 9 left bracket 46 is attached, via screws not shown here. The piston rod 76 of the pneumatic cylinder 72, however, is at the in the Fig. 8 and 9 left, lower extension 68 of the guide block 60 hinged. In particular from the Fig. 8 and 13 It can be seen that upon pressurization of the pneumatic cylinder 72, as a result of which the piston rod 76 tends to move out of the cylinder housing 74, in the closed position of the pivotable by means of the pivot mechanism 28 components or groups about the pivot axis 30, a torque is generated (clockwise in Fig. 13 ), which presses said components or groups in the direction of the workpiece spindles 20.

In the illustrated embodiment, the positioning and closing mechanism 70 further comprises two adjustable stops 80, each having a shock absorber 82 (in the simplest form, for example, a rubber buffer) and serve, in the closed position, the alignment of the oscillation axis X with respect to the workpiece axes of rotation C1, C2 to adjust, and this may for example have a thread which cooperates with a mating thread (not shown). How best in the Fig. 8 and 9 can be seen the adjustable stops 80 are mounted with the respective shock absorber 82 at the free ends of the inner support arms 50 of the brackets 46, in such a way that each shock absorber 82 can come into abutment in the closed position on an associated abutment surface 84, which at a further lateral, upper extension 86 of the guide block 60 is formed. In that regard, the guide block 60 is formed with its lower extensions 68 and its upper extensions 86 with respect to a central axis mirror-symmetrical. Here, the extensions 68, 86 may be integrally formed with the rest of the guide block 60 or attached thereto in a suitable manner.

According to the particular Fig. 2 to 11 and 13 For example, the pivoting mechanism 28 further includes a pivotal frame 88 which is a multi-arched and upwardly angled sheet metal part. The swing frame 88 is not shown here in kind and attached from below to the guide block 60 of the oscillation drive unit 24. In one in the Fig. 2 to 5 At the front portion of the swing frame 88, a handle portion 90 is attached, on the basis of the fixed connection of the swing frame 88 to the guide block 60, the Oszillationsantriebseinheit 24 and carried therefrom components or groups, in particular the pivot drive unit 26 and feeders 22 manually about the pivot axis 30 with respect to Workpiece spindles 20 can be pivoted away and vice versa. In addition to some covers and seals, some of which in the figures, a rubber skirt 92 as a splash guard in the region of the pivot axis 30 and two bellows covers 94 with metal slide 96 and rubber boot 98 (see the Fig. 6 . 7 and 11 ) are shown for the sealed to the working space 18 passage of the feeders 22, the swing frame 88 also carries in Fig. 1 shown hood 36 for opening or closing the polishing machine 14th

Further details of the oscillation drive unit 24 are in particular the Fig. 6 to 9 . 13 and 14 refer to. Accordingly, the guide block 60 has a central, relative to the front of the polishing machine 14 rear recess 100 for receiving and fixing a servomotor 102 on the guide block 60. Starting from the recess 100 extends through a central, stepped through-hole 104 through the guide block 60 through the one driven by the servo motor 102 rotatably driven threaded spindle 106 of a ball screw extends through it. The guide block 60 further has on both sides of the through hole 104 each have a continuous bearing bore 108 which extends parallel to the through hole 104 and the inclusion of a pair of ball bushes (not shown in detail) is used. In the bearing bores 108, two guide rods 110 are mounted longitudinally displaceably in the guide block 60 by means of the ball bush pairs. On the motor side (servomotor 102) of the guide block 60, the guide rods 110 are over at the end a guide plate 112 connected to each other, which has a central recess for the passage of the servo motor 102 (see Fig. 4 and 6 ), while the guide rods 110 are connected to each other on the other side of the guide block 60 end via a guide head 114. In the guide head 114 is in accordance with the Fig. 4 and 10 a nut 116 of the ball screw attached, with which the threaded spindle 106 engages. In that regard, it can be seen that the guide head 114 with the guide rods 110 and the guide plate 112 by means of the driven by the servo motor 102 ball screw 106, 116 relative to the guide block 60 is axially displaceable.

On the guide head 114, a driver 118 for the metal slide 96 of the bellows covers 94 is attached. In addition, a pivot shaft 120 is rotatably mounted on the guide head 114, to which a pivot yoke 122 of the pivot drive unit 26 is attached. The swivel drive unit 26 also has a lifting module 124 which is described in the publication EP-A-2 298 498 is described in detail, with respect to the structure and function of the lifting module 124 to avoid repetition. The lifting module 124 is articulated at its one end to the guide plate 112 of the oscillation drive unit 24, while it is articulated at its other end at a distance from the pivot shaft 120 on the pivot yoke 122. As a result, the swinging yoke 122 pivotally mounted on the guide head 114 of the oscillation drive unit 24 can be pivoted in a defined manner around the pivot shaft 120 by operation of the lift module 124 in which the length thereof changes (swing adjustment axis B).

The pivot yoke 122 of the pivot drive unit 26 further carries the feeders 22. More specifically, the substantially U-shaped pivot yoke 122 according to the particular Fig. 4 . 5 and 13 on both sides on its legs receiving portions 126 to which the feeders 22 are attached, so that the feeders 22 in common can be pivoted about the pivot shaft 120 with the pivot yoke 122 (pivot axis B). The feed devices 22 include in the illustrated embodiment, two-sided acting pneumatic tool cylinder 128 - sometimes referred to as "quills" - which are known per se and therefore require no further description. In these tool cylinders 128, the polishing tools W, which are also known per se, are held free-running and pivotable at the free ends of their piston rods. Thus, the polishing tool W can be lifted from the spectacle lens L by suitable pressurization of the tool cylinder 128 or lowered onto the spectacle lens L and pressed against it (linear movements Z1, Z2), the polishing tool W being driven by the spectacle lens L. Another embodiment of Zustelleinrichtungen- possibly also with rotary drive for the polishing tool, as in the document EP-A-2 298 498 described - is however also conceivable.

As in particular in the 10 to 12 The workpiece spindles 20 are flange-mounted in the working space 18 from above on the base body 38 and pass through this each with a drive shaft 130 and an actuating mechanism for a collet at 132, by means of a lens L locked on a block piece (not shown in detail) axially fixed and capable of rotation on the respective workpiece spindle 20 can be clamped. Of the actuating mechanisms, pneumatic cylinders 134 can be seen in the figures, which serve to open or close the collets 132 in a manner known per se.

Below the main body 38, ie outside of the working space 18 is also a rotary drive 136 - flanged in the illustrated embodiment, a speed-controlled asynchronous three-phase motor - with a motor flange 138. The projecting into the working space 18 workpiece spindles 20 are of the rotary drive 136 together via a belt drive 140 at a predetermined speed about the workpiece axes of rotation C1, C1 rotatably driven. Here, the belt drive 140 according to the Fig. 6 . 7 and more particularly 10 and 12, in addition to pulleys 142 on the workpiece spindles 20, a pulley or pinion 144 driven by the rotary drive 136, a belt 146 - which is a timing belt in the illustrated embodiment - and a tension and deflection pulley 148 for the belt 146. The clamping and deflection roller 148 is seated between the workpiece spindles 20 and is mounted on the rotary drive 136, more precisely, the motor flange 138 eccentrically to the pulley 144, so that the belt 146 can be clamped by pivoting the rotary drive 136 about its axis of rotation. The rotary drive 136 itself is screwed to the base body 38 with the aid of screws (and possibly nuts, both not shown), which pass through curved slots (also not shown) formed in the motor flange 138 or in the base body 38, which pivot the rotary drive 136 for tensioning the belt 146 before tightening the screw allow.

As a result, the above-described polishing machine 14 allows, for example, the following procedure, which is to be described only for a lens L, because the second lens L of the respective "RX job" in an analogous manner and at the same time polished. After loading the polishing machine 14 with the polishing tools W and the lenses to be processed L, for which the upper part of the polishing machine 14 was about the pivot axis 30 up and then down again to facilitate access to the working space 18, is first by means of the pivot drive unit 26th the angle of attack of the feeders 22 and thus the polishing tools W with respect to the workpiece axes of rotation C1, C2 as a function of the geometry to be machined on the lens L set to a predetermined value (pivot axis B). This angle of attack is not changed in the initially mentioned "tangential kinematics" during the actual polishing processing (alternatively, the angle of attack could also be changed dynamically in the sense of a "radial kinematics"). Then, the polishing tool W is moved by means of the oscillation drive unit 24 in a position in which it is opposite the lens L (Oszillationsachse X). Thereafter, the polishing tool W is axially lowered by means of the feed device 22 in the direction of the spectacle lens L until it comes into contact therewith (linear movement Z1, Z2). Now, the polishing agent supply is turned on, and the lens L is rotated by means of the electric rotary drive 136 in rotation (C1, C2), taking with it the applied polishing tool W. Then, the polishing tool W is oscillated by means of the oscillation drive unit 24 with relatively small strokes over the spectacle lens L (oscillation axis X), so that the polishing tool W is guided over different surface regions of the spectacle lens L. Here, the polishing tool W of the (non-circular) geometry on the polished spectacle lens L also moves slightly up and down (linear movement Z1, Z2). Finally, the polishing tool W is lifted off the spectacle lens L by means of the feed device 22 (linear movement Z1, Z2) after the polishing agent supply has been switched off and the rotational movement of the spectacle lens L has been stopped (workpiece rotational axes C1, C2). Finally, the polishing tool W is moved by means of the oscillation drive unit 24 in a rear parking position (Oszillationsachse X), whereupon the upper part of the polishing machine 14 swung about the pivot axis 30 (pivotal movement S) and the lens L can be easily removed from the polishing machine 14. The closing or holding function perceived by the positioning and closing mechanism 70, more precisely its pneumatic cylinder 72, can otherwise be secured by a safety limit switch (not shown), which ensures that the polishing process can be started only when the machine upper part is closed, ie lowered ,

In Fig. 15 Finally, in a schematic way, a particularly cost-effective control architecture of the flexible manufacturing cell 10 according to Fig. 1 shown. Accordingly, the polishing machine 14 is connected to the generator 12 via electrical connections 150 (eg a bus system) as a module. Here, however, only the generator 12 has a device for human-machine communication HMI and a CNC control, in the illustrated embodiment in the form of a PC-based control, which the drive modules (servo amplifier / inverter) of both the generator 12 and the polishing machine 14 drives. Put simply, the polishing machine 14 does not have its own "intelligence" here, but only that for generating the actual travel commands for the controlled or controlled axes - ie the position-controlled oscillation axis X of the oscillation drive unit 24 for the polishing tools W (short: X-axis) Pivot axis B of the rotary drive unit 26 for the polishing tools W (in short: B axis) and the speed-controlled axis of rotation C1, C2 of the lenses L holding and driven by the rotary drive 136 workpiece spindles 20 (short: C axis) - required electrical components.

A polishing machine for spectacle lenses, in particular, comprises at least one workpiece spindle projecting into a working space for rotationally driving the spectacle lens about a workpiece axis of rotation, at least one feed device for lowering or lifting a polishing tool relative to the spectacle lens, an oscillation drive unit for reciprocating the feed device in an oscillation direction which is substantially transverse to the workpiece rotation axis in the polishing machining, and a pivot drive unit for pivoting the feed device about a pivoting adjusting axis that is substantially perpendicular to the workpiece rotation axis and substantially normal to the oscillation direction. To provide a very compact and ergonomic polishing machine, a pivoting mechanism is provided, by means of which the feed device, the oscillation drive unit and the pivot drive unit are pivotable relative to the workpiece spindle from a closing relative opening of the working space in an opening relative position and vice versa.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

flexible manufacturing cell

12

generator

14

polisher

16

lathe tool

18

working space

20

Workpiece spindle

22

advancing

24

oscillation drive

26

Swivel drive unit

28

swivel mechanism

30

swivel axis

32

machine frame

34

cowling

36

Hood

38

body

40

flange

42

storage area

44

rear wall

46

bracket

48

support base

50

inner support arm

52

outer bracket arm

54

screw

56

Through Hole

58

threaded hole

60

guide block

62

bearing element

64

Through Hole

66

Gas spring

68

lower extension

70

Positioning and closing mechanism

72

pneumatic cylinder

74

cylinder housing

76

piston rod

78

console

80

adjustable stop

82

shock absorber

84

stop surface

86

upper extension

88

swing frame

90

handle portion

92

rubber apron

94

bellows

96

sheet metal slide

98

rubber sleeve

100

recess

102

servomotor

104

Through Hole

106

screw

108

bearing bore

110

guide rod

112

guide plate

114

guide head

116

mother

118

takeaway

120

pivot shaft

122

pivot yoke

124

Lifting module

126

receiving portion

128

tool cylinder

130

drive shaft

132

collet

134

pneumatic cylinder

136

rotary drive

138

motor flange

140

belt drive

142

pulley

144

pulley

146

belt

148

Clamping and deflection roller

150

electrical connections

B

Pivoting axis tool (polishing machine)

B _D

Workpiece rotation axis (angular position controlled, generator)

C1

Workpiece rotation axis right workpiece (speed controlled, polishing machine)

C2

Workpiece rotation axis left workpiece (speed controlled, polishing machine)

cc

second optically effective surface

cx

first optically effective surface

F _D

Oscillation axis tool (position-controlled, on the generator's fast tool servo)

HMI

Device for human-machine communication

L

Workpiece / spectacle lens

W

Tool / polishing tool (polishing machine)

S

Swinging motion (polishing machine)

X

Oscillation axis tool (position controlled, polishing machine)

X _D

Linear axis workpiece (position controlled, generator)

Z1

Linear motion right tool (uncontrolled, polishing machine)

Z2

Linear motion left tool (uncontrolled, polishing machine)

Claims (15)

1. Device (14) for the finish-processing of optically effective surfaces (cc, cx) of, in particular, spectacle lenses as workpieces (L), comprising
   at least one workpiece spindle (20), which projects into a working space (18) and by way of which a workpiece (L) to be processed is drivable to rotate about a workpiece axis (C1, C2) of rotation,
   at least one feed device (22) for a tool (W), by means of which the tool (W) is movable towards the workpiece (L) and away therefrom (Z1, Z2),
   an oscillatory drive unit (24), by means of which the feed device (22) is reciprocatingly movable in a direction (X) of oscillation which when processing takes place extends substantially transversely to the workpiece axis (C1, C2) of rotation, and
   a pivot drive unit (26), by means of which the feed device (22) is pivotable about a pivot adjusting axis (B) extending substantially perpendicularly to the workpiece axis (C1, C2) of rotation and substantially normal to the direction (X) of oscillation,
   characterized by a pivot mechanism (28) by means of which the feed device (22), the oscillatory drive unit (24) and the pivot drive unit (26) are pivotable relative to the workpiece spindle (20) from a closed relative position to an open relative position with opening of the working space (18) and conversely (S).
2. Device (14) according to claim 1, characterized in that the pivot mechanism (28) has for the feed device (22), the oscillatory drive unit (24) and the pivot drive unit (26) a common pivot axis (30) about which the feed device (22), the oscillatory drive unit (24) and the pivot drive unit (26) are pivotable away in common with respect to the workpiece spindle (20) and conversely (S).
3. Device (14) according to claim 2, characterized in that the pivot axis (30) lies behind the working space (18) as seen from an operator position.
4. Device (14) according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the pivot axis (30) extends substantially in parallel to the pivot adjusting axis (B).
5. Device (14) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pivot mechanism (28) has a pivot frame (88) with a grip section (90), via which the feed device (22), the oscillatory drive unit (24) and the pivot drive unit (26) are manually pivotable away with respect to the workpiece spindle (20) and conversely (S).
6. Device (14) according to claim 5, characterized in that the pivot frame (88) carries a hood (36) for opening and closing the device (14).
7. Device (14) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pivot mechanism (28) comprises at least one spring element (66), which facilitates pivotation (S) away of the feed device (22), the oscillatory drive unit (24) and the pivot drive unit (26) with respect to the workpiece spindle (20).
8. Device (14) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by a positioning and closing mechanism (70) which during the processing holds the feed device (22), the oscillatory drive unit (24) and the pivot drive unit (26) in their closed position and ensures a substantially perpendicular alignment of the linearly extending oscillation direction (X) with respect to the workpiece axis (C1, C2) of rotation.
9. Device (14) according to claim 8, characterized in that the positioning and closing mechanism (70) comprises a pressure-medium cylinder (72) for holding the feed device (22), the oscillatory drive unit (24) and the pivot drive unit (26) in their closed position.
10. Device (14) according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the positioning and closing mechanism (70) comprises at least one adjustable abutment (80), which optionally comprises a shock absorber (82) and by means of which the orientation of the oscillation direction (X) with respect to the workpiece axis (C1, C2) of rotation is adjustable.
11. Device (14) according to any one of claims 2 to 10, characterized by a base body (38), which bounds the working space (18) and supports the workpiece spindle (20) and to which two mounts (46) supporting the pivot axis (30) are fastened, wherein the oscillatory drive unit (24) comprises a guide block (60) pivotably mounted on the pivot axis (30) between the mounts (46).
12. Device (14) according to claim 11, characterized in that the oscillatory drive unit (24) comprises two guide rods (110), that are longitudinally displaceably supported in the guide block (60), a guide head (114) and a guide plate (112), wherein the guide rods (110) are connected together on one side of the guide block (60) by way of the guide head (114), whereas they are connected together on the other side of the guide block (60) by way of the guide plate (112), and wherein the guide head (114) is displaceable relative to the guide block (60) by means of a threaded drive (106, 116).
13. Device (14) according to claim 12, characterized in that the pivot drive unit (26) has a pivot yoke (122), which carries the feed device (22) and which is pivotably supported on the guide head (114) of the oscillatory drive unit (24), wherein arranged between the guide plate (112) of the oscillatory drive unit (24) and the pivot yoke (122) is a stroke module (124) by means of which the pivot yoke (122) is pivotable about the pivot adjusting axis (B).
14. Device (14) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by two workpiece spindles (20), which project into the working space (18) and which are drivable for rotation about the workpiece axes (C1, C2) of rotation by way of a belt drive (140) comprising a belt pulley (144) rotatable by a rotary drive (136), a belt (146) and a tensioning and return pulley (148) for the belt (146), which is seated between the workpiece spindles (20) and mounted on the rotary drive (136) eccentrically with respect to the belt pulley (144) so that the belt (146) is tensionable by pivotation of the rotary drive (136).
15. Flexible production cell (10) for the preliminary-processing and finish-processing of spectacle lenses (L), comprising:

    a device (12) for the preliminary-processing of optically effective surfaces (cc, cx) of the spectacle lenses (L) by milling, turning and/or grinding, which comprises regulated or controlled drive axes (B_D, F_D, X_D) for workpiece and/or tool, with respectively associated drive module, and

    a device (14) for the finish-processing of the optically effective surfaces (cc, cx) of the spectacle lenses (L) by polishing, according to any one of the preceding claims, which comprises regulated or controlled drive axes (B, C1, C2, X) for workpiece and/or tool, with respectively associated drive modules, and which is coupled as a module to the device (12) for the preliminary-processing,

    wherein only the device (12) for the preliminary-processing has equipment for man/machine communication (HMI) and a CNC control, which controls the drive modules of both devices (12, 14).

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