EP2821138B2 - Flusszelle mit integrierter Trockensubstanz - Google Patents

Flusszelle mit integrierter Trockensubstanz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2821138B2
EP2821138B2 EP13175335.2A EP13175335A EP2821138B2 EP 2821138 B2 EP2821138 B2 EP 2821138B2 EP 13175335 A EP13175335 A EP 13175335A EP 2821138 B2 EP2821138 B2 EP 2821138B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flow cell
cavity
support element
passage
cell according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP13175335.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2821138B1 (de
EP2821138B8 (de
EP2821138A1 (de
Inventor
Lutz Weber
Tina Röser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thinxxs Microtechnology GmbH
Original Assignee
Thinxxs Microtechnology GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to ES13175335T priority Critical patent/ES2704424T5/es
Priority to EP13175335.2A priority patent/EP2821138B2/de
Priority to DK13175335.2T priority patent/DK2821138T4/da
Application filed by Thinxxs Microtechnology GmbH filed Critical Thinxxs Microtechnology GmbH
Priority to PCT/EP2014/064290 priority patent/WO2015001070A1/de
Priority to CN201480046983.0A priority patent/CN105517710B/zh
Priority to US14/902,787 priority patent/US10232367B2/en
Publication of EP2821138A1 publication Critical patent/EP2821138A1/de
Publication of EP2821138B1 publication Critical patent/EP2821138B1/de
Priority to US16/265,127 priority patent/US10946376B2/en
Publication of EP2821138B8 publication Critical patent/EP2821138B8/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2821138B2 publication Critical patent/EP2821138B2/de
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01LCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5027Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
    • B01L3/502707Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by the manufacture of the container or its components
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01LCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5027Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01LCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2200/00Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
    • B01L2200/02Adapting objects or devices to another
    • B01L2200/026Fluid interfacing between devices or objects, e.g. connectors, inlet details
    • B01L2200/027Fluid interfacing between devices or objects, e.g. connectors, inlet details for microfluidic devices
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01LCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2200/00Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
    • B01L2200/04Exchange or ejection of cartridges, containers or reservoirs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01LCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2200/00Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
    • B01L2200/06Fluid handling related problems
    • B01L2200/0689Sealing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01LCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2200/00Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
    • B01L2200/10Integrating sample preparation and analysis in single entity, e.g. lab-on-a-chip concept
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01LCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2200/00Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
    • B01L2200/12Specific details about manufacturing devices
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01LCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2200/00Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
    • B01L2200/16Reagents, handling or storing thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01LCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/04Closures and closing means
    • B01L2300/041Connecting closures to device or container
    • B01L2300/044Connecting closures to device or container pierceable, e.g. films, membranes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01LCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/08Geometry, shape and general structure
    • B01L2300/0861Configuration of multiple channels and/or chambers in a single devices
    • B01L2300/0877Flow chambers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01LCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/12Specific details about materials
    • B01L2300/123Flexible; Elastomeric
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01LCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/16Surface properties and coatings
    • B01L2300/161Control and use of surface tension forces, e.g. hydrophobic, hydrophilic
    • B01L2300/163Biocompatibility

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flow cell with a dry substance arranged in a cavity within the flow cell, the flow cell having the features of claim 1 .
  • Microfluidic flow cells as they are increasingly used as a "mini laboratory" for the analysis and/or synthesis of fluids, particularly in diagnostics, contain reaction substances in liquid and/or solid form that are to be introduced into the flow cells during the production of the flow cells.
  • a reagent liquid to be dried ie a carrier liquid with a dissolved or suspended reagent.
  • the entire component of the flow cell that is only partially wetted with the reagent liquid must be subjected to a drying process before further assembly, which is often combined with a heat treatment for the purpose of acceleration or is carried out as a freeze-drying process to protect the reagents and with regard to stability and resuspension properties.
  • the disadvantage is that the component, whose dimensions usually far exceed those of the area that is only to be dried, occupies a lot of space in a drying chamber. Furthermore, the drying treatment can affect this component of the flow cell itself, particularly sensitive components mounted thereon. Above all, the dry substance formed can then be subject to impairments due to air contact, in particular humidity, and welding heat or the influence of adhesives used during assembly in the course of final assembly of the flow cell, through which the corresponding channel areas of a microfluidic flow cell must be hermetically sealed in many cases.
  • a method for introducing a dry substance into a flow cell, as described above, is z. B. from the EP 2 198 964 B1 out.
  • One from the WO 2012/154306 A1 known flow cell has a cavity that is accessible after opening a hatch or flap and has a recess in a floor for receiving a cuboid support element. The hatch or flap must be closed when the flow cell is in operation.
  • a flow cell with the features of the preamble of claim 1 is in each case from WO 2011/051735 A2 and WO 2008/134462 A1 out.
  • the object of the invention is to create a new microfluidic flow cell of the type mentioned at the outset with an integrated dry substance that can be produced more easily than in the prior art without adversely affecting the dry substance or other components of the flow cell due to the production environment.
  • the dry substance can be formed by drying a reagent liquid separately from the rest of the flow cell on a carrier element, which is used solely to hold the dry substance and allows the dry substance to be introduced into the flow cell in a final assembly step. Impairment of flow cell components by the drying process and impairment of the dry reagent introduced by further assembly work on the flow cell are eliminated.
  • the carrier element can have significantly smaller dimensions than the flow cell, with the dimensions of the carrier element being based on the size of the area carrying the dry reagent. Coatings that promote adhesion of the dry substance to its carrier surface can advantageously remain limited to the carrier surface of the carrier element, so that impairments of welded or adhesive connections by such coatings can be ruled out.
  • the cavity can form a channel network for the transport, analysis and/or synthesis of a fluid.
  • carrier elements possibly with different dry substances, can be used in the flow cell.
  • the cavity is delimited by a recess in a plate-shaped substrate and a foil-like cover closing the recess.
  • the passage is formed in the substrate, which is thicker than the film-like cover.
  • the carrier element is preferably designed in such a way that it can be detachably and/or non-detachably connected to the flow cell while closing the cavity.
  • the shape of the passage is preferably adapted to the shape of the carrier element. Fluid-tightness can be achieved in particular by welding and/or gluing, possibly also just by mechanically pressing the carrier element into the passage.
  • the support element expediently fills the passage completely, at least in cross section, with the support element and the passage preferably having a circular shape in cross section, which is advantageous in terms of production technology.
  • the carrier element tapers towards the cavity, while the passage narrows.
  • a tight closure of the cavity in the form of a press fit can be achieved simply by mechanically pressing the carrier element into the passage.
  • the carrier element preferably has a section which protrudes outwards from the flow cell and which can serve as a grip part to simplify manual handling or automated assembly.
  • the protruding section can overlap the flow cell on the outside in the manner of a collar, with the collar being able to achieve an additional sealing of the cavity.
  • the carrier element can be screwed into the passage.
  • the support surface of the support member may be flush with or set back from an adjacent wall surface of the cavity. Alternatively, the support member protrudes into the cavity from the adjacent wall surface.
  • the carrier surface expediently has a structuring, coating and/or surface modification that promotes adhesion of the dry substance.
  • the carrier element and the carrier surface carrying the dry reagent are preferably made of plastic.
  • the carrier surface can be formed by a separate surface component made of glass, silicon, ceramic or metal that is connected to the rest of the carrier element and can be applied by means of welding or gluing. This is advantageous if surface properties other than those that can be realized by a plastic surface or coating are necessary for the application of the dry reagent.
  • Dry reagents include salts, buffers, e.g. for cell lysis, magnetic and non-magnetic beads, enzymes, antibodies, DNA fragments, proteins, PCR reagents or alternatively cells.
  • the flow cell shown as a detail comprises a plate-shaped substrate 1 with a recess 2 which is covered by a film 4 bonded and/or welded to the substrate, forming a cavity 3 .
  • the cavity 3 is part of an in 1 Otherwise not shown channel network of the flow cell, in particular it forms a channel area in which a dry reagent 5 containing antibodies, for example, adheres to a channel wall 6 .
  • the dry reagent 5 originates from a reagent liquid 7 introduced by dispensing before the recess 2 is covered by the film 4 into the recess 2 forming a channel or chamber region of the flow cell.
  • a heat treatment or /and subjected to freeze drying was subjected to a heat treatment or /and subjected to freeze drying.
  • Out 2 discloses a method for introducing a dry substance, in particular a dry reagent 5, into a flow cell, in which the dry reagent 5 is applied to a separate carrier part 8.
  • a cavity 3 in a flow cell which is, for example, an area of an in 3 Channel 9 shown can act, has a through-opening 10 into which the carrier element 8 with a conical section 11 having a carrier surface 13 for the dry reagent 5 can be inserted with fluid-tight closure of the cavity 3 .
  • the carrier surface 13 forms part of the wall surface of the cavity 3.
  • a fluid transported or processed in the cavity 3 can thus interact with the dry reagent; in particular, the dry reagent can be dissolved and resuspended by the fluid.
  • components of the fluid such as cells or analytes can interact with the dry reagent and/or bind to it, in that the fluid flows over the carrier surface, possibly several times changing the direction of transport.
  • the carrier element 8 fitted into the through-opening 10 can be glued or welded to the substrate.
  • a section 12 of the carrier element that protrudes beyond the through-opening 10 on the side of the substrate 1 facing away from the cavity 3 8 serves as the mounting of the carrier element 8 facilitating handle part.
  • the meandering channel 9 serves to redissolve the dry reagents 5 introduced by the carrier elements 8 by flushing them alternately.
  • the substrate 1 and the film 4 of the flow cell are preferably made of a plastic, in particular both of the same plastic, with PMMA, PC, PS, PEEK, PP, PE, COC and COP, for example, being suitable for this purpose.
  • the carrier element 8 is also preferably a plastic part, which in particular consists of the same plastic as the substrate. The production of the substrate and the carrier elements from plastic is expediently carried out by injection molding.
  • the carrier surface 13 of the carrier element 8 accommodating the dry reagent 5 can be flush with the adjacent wall surface 14 of the cavity 3 or set back to this wall surface.
  • the carrier element 8 can also protrude with the carrier surface 13 into the cavity 3 .
  • This can be advantageous in order to generate turbulence locally in a laminar flow that is normally present in microchannels by abruptly changing the channel cross section and/or in order to increase the flow rate of the fluid in the channel area into which the carrier element 8 is introduced by reducing the channel cross section achieve, for example, to accelerate and control a redissolution of the dry reagent.
  • assembly and/or component tolerances can be compensated for.
  • figure 5 shows further embodiments for carrier elements 8 according to Figure 5a cylindrical and according Figure 5b can be cylindrical with a collar 15 engaging behind the substrate 1 .
  • Figure 5c shows an embodiment of a cylindrical support element 8 having a collar 13 and having an external thread 16 which engages in an internal thread in the passage opening in question.
  • the carrier element 8 can advantageously be detached from the flow cell, provided that there is no adhesive bonding or welding to the substrate 1 in addition to the screw connection.
  • the solubility can be advantageous if the dry reagent is to be separated from the flow cell again after interaction with the fluid and subjected to further analysis.
  • a carrier element 8 which can be detached from the flow cell and has an extended handle part 17 is shown Figure 5e .
  • the carrier element 8 can be pressed into the relevant through-opening in the substrate 1 while sealing the cavity 3 fluid-tight.
  • the guidance of the carrier element 8 can be improved.
  • Figure 5d shows a carrier element 8 with a conical section and a collar 15 protruding from a through-opening, which is sealed against the substrate 1 by an annular seal 18 .
  • the rotationally symmetrical carrier elements can have a marking that makes it possible to insert the carrier elements into the passage in a desired rotational position.
  • Figure 6a has a carrier element with a depression 19 for receiving a dry reagent 5 .
  • a carrier surface 13 is formed with a multiplicity of receiving depressions in the form of grooves 20 arranged crosswise with typical cross-sectional dimensions of 0.01 ⁇ 0.01 mm 2 to 1 ⁇ 1 mm 2 for a dry reagent.
  • the surface of the carrier surface 13 can be enlarged in a simple manner, so that either a larger quantity of dry reagent 5 can be accommodated with the same dimensions of the carrier element 8 and/or the dry substance can dry more homogeneously than a large drop on a smooth carrier surface and/or or the microstructure of the support surface 13 formed by the receiving depressions 20 can generate turbulence when the fluid flows over it, which positively influence the release behavior.
  • the grooves could be in the form of concentric circles.
  • Figure 6c shows a receiving surface with a porous element 21 applied to the support surface by clamping, gluing or welding, in which a dry substance can settle.
  • the porous element 21 advantageously forms an enlarged surface for receiving the dry reagent 5.
  • Figure 6d has a carrier element with a treated carrier surface, wherein the treatment can be, for example, a wet-chemical treatment, a plasma treatment or a corona treatment.
  • the treatment can be carried out, for example, by means of plasma polymerisation or lead to a coating 22 by means of a PVD process, for example a glass or metal coating.
  • the carrier component shown is formed in two parts with a separate surface component 26 .
  • the surface component 26 forming the support surface does not consist, for example, of a plastic, as is preferred for the rest of the support component, but of glass, silicon, metal or ceramic. If the functionalization, ie the application of the dry reagent to the carrier surface, requires such materials, as is the case with protein (e.g. antibodies) or nucleic acid-based analysis technologies, the use of these materials, which are often significantly more expensive than plastic, is limited. advantageously only on a surface area, with dimensions of 0.5 ⁇ 0.5 mm to 5 ⁇ 5 mm and thicknesses between 0.1 and 1 mm being considered.
  • the surface component 26 can be attached to the rest of the support component by means of clamps or by gluing or welding.
  • a large number of carrier elements 8 can be processed simultaneously by the carrier elements 8 being arranged in step 7a on a carrier tablet 24 having rows of holes 23.
  • a layer 22 that improves the adhesion of a substance is produced simultaneously on all carrier surfaces 13 of the carrier elements 8 .
  • the coating can also cover other surface areas of the carrier element 8 that are not intended for application of the dry reagent 5 .
  • a drying treatment takes place, so that the dry substance 5 adhering thereto is deposited on the layers 22.
  • step 7e the finished carrier elements 8 provided with a dry substance 5 can be removed for processing.
  • the carrier element 8 has a carrier surface for a dry substance 5 which is formed by a membrane 27 .
  • This membrane can be connected in one piece to the rest of the carrier element 8 or formed by a separate component connected to the rest of the carrier element, which preferably consists of the same plastic as the rest of the carrier element.
  • the membrane 27 is transparent, which closes off a through opening 28 formed in the carrier element 8 at one end, there is the possibility of optical detection of the interaction of the fluid with the dry substance 5 in accordance with Figure 8b to control. Furthermore, according to Figure 8c the possibility of forming the membrane 27 convex or concave by pneumatic or mechanical pressurization.
  • the interaction between the dry substance and the fluid can be stimulated in particular by alternating bulging and inward arching of the membrane 27 and both improved resuspension of dry substances and improved accumulation of components of the fluid on dry substances, eg in the case of antibodies, can be achieved.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
EP13175335.2A 2013-07-05 2013-07-05 Flusszelle mit integrierter Trockensubstanz Active EP2821138B2 (de)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES13175335T ES2704424T5 (es) 2013-07-05 2013-07-05 Célula de flujo con sustancia seca integrada
EP13175335.2A EP2821138B2 (de) 2013-07-05 2013-07-05 Flusszelle mit integrierter Trockensubstanz
DK13175335.2T DK2821138T4 (da) 2013-07-05 2013-07-05 Flydecelle med integreret tørstof
PCT/EP2014/064290 WO2015001070A1 (de) 2013-07-05 2014-07-04 Flusszelle mit integrierter trockensubstanz
CN201480046983.0A CN105517710B (zh) 2013-07-05 2014-07-04 具有整合的干燥物质的液流电池
US14/902,787 US10232367B2 (en) 2013-07-05 2014-07-04 Flow cell with an integrated dry substance
US16/265,127 US10946376B2 (en) 2013-07-05 2019-02-01 Carrier element for introducing a dry substance into a flow cell

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13175335.2A EP2821138B2 (de) 2013-07-05 2013-07-05 Flusszelle mit integrierter Trockensubstanz

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2821138A1 EP2821138A1 (de) 2015-01-07
EP2821138B1 EP2821138B1 (de) 2018-10-24
EP2821138B8 EP2821138B8 (de) 2019-03-06
EP2821138B2 true EP2821138B2 (de) 2022-02-09

Family

ID=48745809

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13175335.2A Active EP2821138B2 (de) 2013-07-05 2013-07-05 Flusszelle mit integrierter Trockensubstanz

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US10232367B2 (da)
EP (1) EP2821138B2 (da)
CN (1) CN105517710B (da)
DK (1) DK2821138T4 (da)
ES (1) ES2704424T5 (da)
WO (1) WO2015001070A1 (da)

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EP3199240A1 (de) 2016-01-26 2017-08-02 ThinXXS Microtechnology AG Mikrofluidische flusszelle mit integrierter elektrode und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
EP3263215B1 (de) * 2016-06-30 2021-04-28 ThinXXS Microtechnology AG Vorrichtung mit einer flusszelle mit reagenzspeicher
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GB201917832D0 (en) 2019-12-05 2020-01-22 Oxford Nanopore Tech Ltd Microfluidic device for preparing and analysing a test liquid
EP4173708A1 (de) 2021-10-28 2023-05-03 thinXXS Microtechnology GmbH Mikrofluidelement, insbesondere flusszelle, mit integriertem trockenreagenz
WO2024038109A1 (de) * 2022-08-17 2024-02-22 Thinxxs Microtechnology Gmbh Mikrofluidische flusszelle, herstellungsverfahren, verwendung und analyseeinrichtung

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US10232367B2 (en) 2019-03-19
EP2821138B1 (de) 2018-10-24
CN105517710A (zh) 2016-04-20
CN105517710B (zh) 2017-04-05
DK2821138T4 (da) 2022-05-16
DK2821138T3 (da) 2019-02-11
EP2821138B8 (de) 2019-03-06
ES2704424T5 (es) 2022-05-20
US20160167047A1 (en) 2016-06-16
WO2015001070A1 (de) 2015-01-08
EP2821138A1 (de) 2015-01-07

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