EP2818606A1 - A concrete floor slab and a method of manufacturing a concrete slab - Google Patents
A concrete floor slab and a method of manufacturing a concrete slab Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2818606A1 EP2818606A1 EP13174040.9A EP13174040A EP2818606A1 EP 2818606 A1 EP2818606 A1 EP 2818606A1 EP 13174040 A EP13174040 A EP 13174040A EP 2818606 A1 EP2818606 A1 EP 2818606A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- slab
- tube
- reinforcement
- floor slab
- concrete
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/48—Special adaptations of floors for incorporating ducts, e.g. for heating or ventilating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/08—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting
- B28B1/084—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting the vibrating moulds or cores being moved horizontally for making strands of moulded articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
- B28B23/0025—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects with installation or service material, e.g. tubes for electricity or water
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
- B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
- E04B5/04—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with beams or slabs of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. asbestos cement
- E04B5/043—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with beams or slabs of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. asbestos cement having elongated hollow cores
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a concrete floor slab including an upper slab side and a lower slab side, comprising a reinforcement which is embedded in the concrete and includes an upper reinforcement side and a lower reinforcement side, and a tube for heating or cooling fluid which includes an upper tube side and a lower tube side.
- Such a concrete floor slab is known in the art, in particular a thermally activated concrete hollow core floor slab.
- the major portion of the reinforcement is formed by parallel reinforcement bars located in a lower layer of the slab, and the tube for heating or cooling fluid is mounted as a tube circuit on the reinforcement bars.
- the tube can be connected to a heating or a cooling system, all or not together with other similar slabs. This provides the opportunity to heat or cool the slab such that the space adjacent to the lower slab side can be heated or cooled, for example if one side of the slab forms a ceiling surface.
- a disadvantage of the current known slab is its slow transfer of heat from the tube to an outer surface of the slab.
- the concrete floor slab according to the invention wherein the upper tube side of at least the major portion of the tube lies below the upper reinforcement side.
- the lower tube side is relatively close to the lower slab side.
- the major portion of the tube means more than 60%, preferably more than 80%.
- the slab comprises an auxiliary reinforcement at a distance above the reinforcement, in fact the reinforcement forms a lower reinforcement, which means that according to the invention the lower tube side of at least the major portion of the tube lies below the upper side of the lower reinforcement.
- a concrete floor slab requires a minimum distance between the lower slab side and the lower reinforcement side.
- the concrete layer between the lower slab side and the reinforcement prevents the reinforcement against corrosion.
- a distance is not necessary for a tube for heating or cooling fluid. Therefore, the concrete layer adjacent to the lower slab side can be used for receiving the tube.
- a relatively quick heat transfer to the lower slab side can be created, and on the other hand, a layer for receiving the tube above the reinforcement can be omitted such that the total thickness of the slab can be minimized, or in case of hollow core slabs larger cores at a similar thickness of the slab can be applied.
- upper and lower refer to the orientation of the concrete floor slab as it will be used in a building.
- the upper slab side forms a floor and the lower slab side forms a ceiling.
- the upper reinforcement side is closer to the upper slab side than the lower reinforcement side
- the upper tube side is closer to the upper slab side than the lower tube side.
- the upper tube side of at least the major portion of the tube may lie below the lower reinforcement side. In other words, in all cases the lower tube side lies closer to the lower slab side than the lower reinforcement side.
- the lower reinforcement side may be formed by lower sides of reinforcement bars or prestressing tendons extending in longitudinal direction of the slab, whereas the upper reinforcement side may be formed by upper sides of reinforcement bars or prestressing tendons extending in longitudinal direction of the slab.
- Such reinforcement bars or prestressing tendons provide a major portion of the stiffness of the slab.
- the concrete floor slab is a hollow core floor slab having an upper layer, a lower layer and vertical webs which connect the upper and lower layers, hence forming open channels, wherein the major portion of the reinforcement is disposed in the lower layer of the slab.
- the reinforcement may comprise a plurality of reinforcement bars extending substantially parallel to each other.
- the reinforcement bars may extend parallel to the channels.
- the reinforcement bars may extend equidistantly with respect to each other.
- the tube may have a meandering shape in a substantially flat plane parallel to the lower slab side.
- the tube may form a circuit of parallel tube portions in the slab as seen in a direction perpendicular to the upper slab side, whereas adjacent tube portions are connected to each other via 180° bend portions near opposite sides of the floor slab.
- the tube is located below a web and extends in longitudinal direction, which provides the opportunity to create a recess at one or more hollow cores whereas the slab maintains its constructive characteristics.
- the tube may be directly attached to a carrier, whereas the carrier is at least partly disposed below the reinforcement and the tube is at least partly disposed between the carrier and the lower slab slide.
- the tube and carrier are fixed to each other via the concrete, but in this embodiment the tube is also directly fixed to a carrier, which is advantageous during transport and manufacturing of the floor slab.
- the intended location of the tube can be maintained during manufacturing, particularly in case of a flexible tube. In case of a tube in combination with a recess in the slab the intended location of the tube and the recess can be predetermined accurately and maintained during manufacturing.
- the carrier is grid-shaped since the concrete can form a continuous layer through the openings in the grid.
- the distance between the tube and the lower slab side should be small in order to create a fast heat transfer in the portion of the slab between the tube and the lower slab side.
- the distance may be smaller than 10 mm, and preferably smaller than 5 mm.
- the reinforcement may be made of metal, for example stainless steel.
- the carrier may also be made of metal.
- the invention is also related to a method of manufacturing a concrete slab by means of a substantially horizontal slipform casting process in which a casting mould is moved in a manufacturing direction, wherein before the step of pouring concrete in the casting mould a tube circuit is placed at the casting mould and then a reinforcement is placed on top of at least a part of the tube circuit.
- This method provides the opportunity to obtain a slab in which the tube circuit is close to the bottom of the resulting slab, such as described in relation to the floor slab hereinbefore.
- the tube circuit may be placed at the casting mould before the reinforcement is placed on top of at least a part of the tube circuit or the tube circuit and the reinforcement may be prepared, for example attached to each other, before placing them together at the casting mould.
- the method is also applicable in the field of manufacturing concrete hollow core floor slabs where the horizontal slipform casting process is well known. It is advantageous that the tube is incorporated in the slab in a same manufacturing process as in case of manufacturing a slab without a tube.
- the tube circuit may be fixed to a carrier before placing the reinforcement. This ensures a stable location of the tube circuit during the manufacturing process, in particular when the tube is flexible.
- the carrier may have similar characteristics as described hereinbefore, such as a grid shape.
- the carrier including the tube are placed such that the tube circuit is located below the carrier in the casting mould, since this creates the opportunity to obtain a slab in which the tube circuit is very close to the bottom of the resulting slab.
- Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a concrete floor slab 1 according to the invention.
- the embodiment is a so-called hollow core floor slab 1 which has an upper slab side 2 and a lower slab side 3.
- the floor slabs 1 have rectangular or partly or entirely trapezoid, flat upper and lower slab sides 2, 3 which are substantially parallel to each other.
- the slab 1 comprises an upper layer 4 and a lower layer 5 whereas vertical webs 6 connect the upper layer 4 and the lower layer 5.
- the vertical webs 6 form walls between open channels or cores 7 which extend in longitudinal direction of the slab 1.
- the embodiment of Fig. 1 has seven open channels 7, but a lower or higher number of channels 7 is conceivable.
- Concrete slabs 1 including longitudinal hollow channels 7 are usually manufactured in great length, for example 150 m, and cut afterwards in shorter elements of for example 5 m, but shorter or longer slabs 1 are conceivable.
- the slab 1 can be used as part of a floor of a building.
- the lower slab side 3 may function as a ceiling of a room and the upper slab side 2 may function as a floor of a space above the room.
- the slab 1 is provided with a reinforcement in the form of a number of reinforcement bars or prestressing tendons 8 extending substantially parallel to the channels 7, in this case eight reinforcement bars 8, but a lower or higher number of reinforcement bars 8 is conceivable.
- the reinforcement bars 8 are embedded in the concrete in the lower layer 5 of the slab 1.
- the reinforcement bar 8 itselve may be a bundle of reinforcement wires, for example.
- the reinforcement bars 8 are made of steel, but alternative materials are conceivable.
- the reinforcement bars 8 have an upper reinforcement side 8a and a lower reinforcement side 8b.
- the slab 1 is also provided with a tube 9 for conducting heating or cooling fluid after the slab has been installed in a building.
- the tube 9 has a meandering shape in a flat plane extending parallel to the lower slab side 3 and forms parallel tube portions in the slab 1, in this case parallel to the channels 7 and below the webs 6.
- the cross-sectional view of Fig. 1 shows a plurality of cross sections of the tube 9, in this case eight times, in general being the number of channels 7 plus one, but a lower number of cross sections of the tube 9 is conceivable.
- the orientation of the tube 9 may be changed, for example such that longitudinal portions of the tube 9 extend transversely with respect to the longitudinal direction of the slab 1.
- the tube 9 has an upper tube side 9a and a lower tube side 9b.
- Figs. 1 and 2 show that in the embodiment of the slab 1 the upper tube side 9a lies below the lower reinforcement side 8b of the reinforcement bars 8.
- the outer circumferential diameter of the tube 9 will be larger than the outer circumferential diameters of the reinforcement bars 8.
- the tube 9 is attached to a carrier 10 as illustrated in Fig. 4 .
- the carrier 10 comprises a metal grid which has eight pairs of parallel bars or wires 11 that extend in longitudinal direction of the slab 1 and a plurality of parallel transverse bars or wires 12 which extend in transverse direction of the slab 1.
- the parallel bars or wires 11 can be pairs of two, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4 , but may be single bars in an alternative embodiment.
- Figs. 2 and 4 illustrate that portions of the tube 9 partly fall between respective pairs of parallel wires 11. This prevents the tube 9 from displacement in transverse and also in longitudinal direction of the carrier 10 during manufacturing.
- the carrier 10 may be connected with the reinforcement bars 8 in the lower layer 5 of the slab 1, which prevents the carrier 10 from displacement during manufacturing.
- Figs. 1 and 2 show that the carrier 10 including the tube 9 is disposed below the reinforcement bars 8, whereas the tube 9 is disposed between the carrier 10 and the lower slab slide 3.
- the distance between the lower tube side 9b and the lower slab side 3 is preferably as small as possible, for example smaller than 10 mm or even smaller than 5 mm, but there may be at least a film layer of concrete covering the tube 9.
- the film layer may be such that the tube 9 is still visible, which is advantageous in the construction phase since it avoids that someone drills into the tube 9.
- the parallel wires 11 might be seen as part of the reinforcement bars 8 because of their - limited - contribution to the reinforcement of the slab 1.
- the parallel wires 11 and the reinforcement bars 8 together would form a common reinforcement of which the upper reinforcement sides 8a of the bars would form the upper reinforcement side and the lower sides of the parallel wires 11 would form the lower reinforcement side.
- the upper tube side 9a would lie below the upper reinforcement side 8a, and the lower tube side 9b would still lie below the lower reinforcement side. In other words, the lower tube side 9b lies always closer to the lower slab side 3 than the reinforcement.
- Fig. 4 shows that end portions of the tube 9 at opposite lateral side edges of the grid 10 leave the cooperating pairs of parallel wires 11 and lie closer to the opposite side edges. This means that the end portions of the tube 9 in the resulting slab 1 are also located close to the side edges thereof.
- Fig. 5 shows a sectional view of an end portion of the resulting slab 1, in which an end portion of the tube 9 is bent downwardly such that it extends below the lower slab side 3. This provides the opportunity to connect the tube 9 to a tube of another floor slab 1 after installing the slabs 1 in a building. This is illustrated in Fig.
- FIG. 6 which shows parts of two adjacent floor slabs 1 of which the corresponding tubes 9 are connected to each other, whereas other end portions of the respective tubes 9 are connected to a heating or cooling source.
- the arrows in Fig. 6 show that after installing the slabs 1 in this way a heating or cooling fluid can be conducted through both slabs 1.
- the slab 1 of Figs. 4 and 5 is provided with cavities at the lower slab side 3 in order to be able to handle the end portions of the tube 9 more easily.
- Figs. 7 and 8 shows a situation in which two adjacent floor slabs 1 including their respective tubes 9 are installed in a building in a similar way as illustrated in Fig. 6 , but now connected at upper portions of the slabs 1. It may be clear that it is advantageous that during manufacturing of the concrete slab 1 fresh concrete is removed from the slab 1 at the end portions of the tube 9 before curing, such that cavities 13 are present where a connection between tubes and end portions of other tubes 9 can be made. In the embodiments of Figs. 7 and 8 the cavities are located at the upper slab side 2.
- Fig. 9 shows a front view of an embodiment of an apparatus 14 for manufacturing a concrete hollow core floor slab 1 by means of a slipform casting process according to the invention.
- the apparatus 14 comprises a frame 15 which can be moved by means of wheels 16 in a manufacturing direction over a work floor 17.
- the wheels 16 are located on lateral sides of the frame 15.
- On the work floor 17 two opposite mould parts 18 are located at a predefined distance from each other between which concrete 19 can be poured.
- the contours of the mould parts 18 define the shapes of sidewalls of the resulting slab 1.
- Both upright mould parts 18 and the bottom or work floor 17 form part of a movable casting mould 20.
- the apparatus 14 comprises channel recess elements 21 for obtaining the hollow channels 7 in the slab 1 to be made.
- the channel recess elements 21 are elongated bodies that are fixed to the frame 15.
- the length of a channel recess element 21 may be 1 m, for example, but a longer or shorter channel recess element 21 is conceivable.
- the frame 15 including the channel recess elements 21 move continuously forwardly and concrete 19 is supplied into the mould 20 simultaneously by means of a concrete-pouring system which is also fixed to the frame 15.
- the slab 1 obtains a cross-section comparable to that as shown in Fig. 1 .
- the apparatus 14 may be provided with compacting members (not shown) for compacting the concrete.
- the compacting members may comprise vibrating elements so as to fluidize the concrete.
- Fig. 10 illustrates the intended slabs 1 by reference signs 1'.
- the common carrier may be longer, or separate carriers 10 for each intended slab 1' may be applied.
- the tubes 9 are attached on top of the carrier 10 by means of thin stainless steel wires or the like. Then the carrier 10 including the tubes 9 is turned upside down such that the tubes 9 contact the work floor 17 and the carrier 10 rests on the tubes 9. This condition is illustrated in Fig. 9 .
- the reinforcement bars or prestressing tendons 8 are laid on the carrier 10, possibly pre-stressed and connected to the carrier 10, after which the apparatus 14 including the channel recess elements 21 and the concrete-pouring system may pass.
- the carrier 10 including the tubes 9 may tend to move upwardly, but this can be avoided by maintaining the reinforcement bars 8 at a certain height above the working floor by means of the passing apparatus 14. As a consequence, a very thin layer of concrete can be forced between the work floor 17 and the lower tube side 9b.
- the carrier 10 including the tube 9 functions as a distance keeper for the reinforcement bars or prestressing tendons 8.
- the invention provides a concrete floor slab which has a fast response to heating or cooling. Furthermore, the invention provides an efficient method of manufacturing such a concrete slab.
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a concrete floor slab including an upper slab side and a lower slab side, comprising a reinforcement which is embedded in the concrete and includes an upper reinforcement side and a lower reinforcement side, and a tube for heating or cooling fluid which includes an upper tube side and a lower tube side.
- Such a concrete floor slab is known in the art, in particular a thermally activated concrete hollow core floor slab. In the known slab the major portion of the reinforcement is formed by parallel reinforcement bars located in a lower layer of the slab, and the tube for heating or cooling fluid is mounted as a tube circuit on the reinforcement bars. After installing the known floor slab in a building the tube can be connected to a heating or a cooling system, all or not together with other similar slabs. This provides the opportunity to heat or cool the slab such that the space adjacent to the lower slab side can be heated or cooled, for example if one side of the slab forms a ceiling surface. A disadvantage of the current known slab is its slow transfer of heat from the tube to an outer surface of the slab.
- It is an object of the present invention to provide a concrete floor slab which has a fast response to heating or cooling.
- This is achieved by the concrete floor slab according to the invention, wherein the upper tube side of at least the major portion of the tube lies below the upper reinforcement side. This means that the lower tube side is relatively close to the lower slab side. For example, if the lower slab side forms a ceiling after installing it in a building, the lower tube side is relatively close to the ceiling surface. The major portion of the tube means more than 60%, preferably more than 80%.
- It is noted that if the slab comprises an auxiliary reinforcement at a distance above the reinforcement, in fact the reinforcement forms a lower reinforcement, which means that according to the invention the lower tube side of at least the major portion of the tube lies below the upper side of the lower reinforcement.
- It is known that a concrete floor slab requires a minimum distance between the lower slab side and the lower reinforcement side. For example, when the reinforcement is made of steel the concrete layer between the lower slab side and the reinforcement prevents the reinforcement against corrosion. However, such a distance is not necessary for a tube for heating or cooling fluid. Therefore, the concrete layer adjacent to the lower slab side can be used for receiving the tube. On the one hand, a relatively quick heat transfer to the lower slab side can be created, and on the other hand, a layer for receiving the tube above the reinforcement can be omitted such that the total thickness of the slab can be minimized, or in case of hollow core slabs larger cores at a similar thickness of the slab can be applied.
- The terms upper and lower refer to the orientation of the concrete floor slab as it will be used in a building. For example, when the floor slab is mounted in a building the upper slab side forms a floor and the lower slab side forms a ceiling. Hence, the upper reinforcement side is closer to the upper slab side than the lower reinforcement side, and the upper tube side is closer to the upper slab side than the lower tube side.
- The upper tube side of at least the major portion of the tube may lie below the lower reinforcement side. In other words, in all cases the lower tube side lies closer to the lower slab side than the lower reinforcement side.
- The lower reinforcement side may be formed by lower sides of reinforcement bars or prestressing tendons extending in longitudinal direction of the slab, whereas the upper reinforcement side may be formed by upper sides of reinforcement bars or prestressing tendons extending in longitudinal direction of the slab. Such reinforcement bars or prestressing tendons provide a major portion of the stiffness of the slab.
- In a practical embodiment the concrete floor slab is a hollow core floor slab having an upper layer, a lower layer and vertical webs which connect the upper and lower layers, hence forming open channels, wherein the major portion of the reinforcement is disposed in the lower layer of the slab.
- The reinforcement may comprise a plurality of reinforcement bars extending substantially parallel to each other. In case of the hollow core floor slab the reinforcement bars may extend parallel to the channels. Furthermore, the reinforcement bars may extend equidistantly with respect to each other.
- The tube may have a meandering shape in a substantially flat plane parallel to the lower slab side. In practice, the tube may form a circuit of parallel tube portions in the slab as seen in a direction perpendicular to the upper slab side, whereas adjacent tube portions are connected to each other via 180° bend portions near opposite sides of the floor slab. Preferably, the tube is located below a web and extends in longitudinal direction, which provides the opportunity to create a recess at one or more hollow cores whereas the slab maintains its constructive characteristics.
- The tube may be directly attached to a carrier, whereas the carrier is at least partly disposed below the reinforcement and the tube is at least partly disposed between the carrier and the lower slab slide. Of course, in the slab the tube and carrier are fixed to each other via the concrete, but in this embodiment the tube is also directly fixed to a carrier, which is advantageous during transport and manufacturing of the floor slab. The intended location of the tube can be maintained during manufacturing, particularly in case of a flexible tube. In case of a tube in combination with a recess in the slab the intended location of the tube and the recess can be predetermined accurately and maintained during manufacturing.
- Preferably, the carrier is grid-shaped since the concrete can form a continuous layer through the openings in the grid.
- The distance between the tube and the lower slab side should be small in order to create a fast heat transfer in the portion of the slab between the tube and the lower slab side. The distance may be smaller than 10 mm, and preferably smaller than 5 mm.
- The reinforcement may be made of metal, for example stainless steel. The carrier may also be made of metal.
- The invention is also related to a method of manufacturing a concrete slab by means of a substantially horizontal slipform casting process in which a casting mould is moved in a manufacturing direction, wherein before the step of pouring concrete in the casting mould a tube circuit is placed at the casting mould and then a reinforcement is placed on top of at least a part of the tube circuit. This method provides the opportunity to obtain a slab in which the tube circuit is close to the bottom of the resulting slab, such as described in relation to the floor slab hereinbefore.
- The tube circuit may be placed at the casting mould before the reinforcement is placed on top of at least a part of the tube circuit or the tube circuit and the reinforcement may be prepared, for example attached to each other, before placing them together at the casting mould.
- The method is also applicable in the field of manufacturing concrete hollow core floor slabs where the horizontal slipform casting process is well known. It is advantageous that the tube is incorporated in the slab in a same manufacturing process as in case of manufacturing a slab without a tube.
- The tube circuit may be fixed to a carrier before placing the reinforcement. This ensures a stable location of the tube circuit during the manufacturing process, in particular when the tube is flexible. The carrier may have similar characteristics as described hereinbefore, such as a grid shape.
- Preferably, the carrier including the tube are placed such that the tube circuit is located below the carrier in the casting mould, since this creates the opportunity to obtain a slab in which the tube circuit is very close to the bottom of the resulting slab.
- The invention will hereafter be elucidated with reference to the very schematic drawings showing embodiments of the invention by way of example.
-
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a concrete floor slab according to the invention. -
Fig. 2 is a part of the embodiment as shown inFig. 1 and indicated by II inFig. 1 , on a larger scale. -
Fig. 3 is a top view of a carrier for supporting a tube embedded in the slab ofFig. 1 . -
Fig. 4 is a transparent bottom view of the embodiment ofFig. 1 , illustrating the carrier including the tube embedded in the concrete floor slab. -
Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the embodiment ofFig. 4 along the line V-V on a larger scale. -
Fig. 6 is a transparent bottom view of parts of two adjacent floor slabs that are installed in a building, illustrating a connection between tubes of the slabs. -
Fig. 7 is a similar view of asFig. 5 of an alternative embodiment of the slab. -
Fig. 8 is a perspective top view of parts of two adjacent floor slabs that are installed in a building, illustrating a connection between tubes of the slabs. -
Fig. 9 is a front view of an embodiment of an apparatus for manufacturing a floor slab according to the invention. -
Fig. 10 is a top view of a plurality of tubes that are mounted on a carrier before manufacturing floor slabs. -
Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of aconcrete floor slab 1 according to the invention. The embodiment is a so-called hollowcore floor slab 1 which has anupper slab side 2 and a lowerslab side 3. In practice, thefloor slabs 1 have rectangular or partly or entirely trapezoid, flat upper and lowerslab sides slab 1 comprises anupper layer 4 and alower layer 5 whereasvertical webs 6 connect theupper layer 4 and thelower layer 5. Thevertical webs 6 form walls between open channels orcores 7 which extend in longitudinal direction of theslab 1. The embodiment ofFig. 1 has sevenopen channels 7, but a lower or higher number ofchannels 7 is conceivable. -
Concrete slabs 1 including longitudinalhollow channels 7 are usually manufactured in great length, for example 150 m, and cut afterwards in shorter elements of for example 5 m, but shorter orlonger slabs 1 are conceivable. Theslab 1 can be used as part of a floor of a building. Thelower slab side 3 may function as a ceiling of a room and theupper slab side 2 may function as a floor of a space above the room. - The
slab 1 is provided with a reinforcement in the form of a number of reinforcement bars orprestressing tendons 8 extending substantially parallel to thechannels 7, in this case eightreinforcement bars 8, but a lower or higher number ofreinforcement bars 8 is conceivable. The reinforcement bars 8 are embedded in the concrete in thelower layer 5 of theslab 1. Thereinforcement bar 8 itselve may be a bundle of reinforcement wires, for example. In the embodiment as shown inFig. 1 the reinforcement bars 8 are made of steel, but alternative materials are conceivable. Referring toFig. 2 the reinforcement bars 8 have anupper reinforcement side 8a and alower reinforcement side 8b. - The
slab 1 is also provided with atube 9 for conducting heating or cooling fluid after the slab has been installed in a building. Thetube 9 has a meandering shape in a flat plane extending parallel to thelower slab side 3 and forms parallel tube portions in theslab 1, in this case parallel to thechannels 7 and below thewebs 6. As a consequence, the cross-sectional view ofFig. 1 shows a plurality of cross sections of thetube 9, in this case eight times, in general being the number ofchannels 7 plus one, but a lower number of cross sections of thetube 9 is conceivable. Furthermore, the orientation of thetube 9 may be changed, for example such that longitudinal portions of thetube 9 extend transversely with respect to the longitudinal direction of theslab 1. Again referring toFig. 2 thetube 9 has anupper tube side 9a and alower tube side 9b. -
Figs. 1 and 2 show that in the embodiment of theslab 1 theupper tube side 9a lies below thelower reinforcement side 8b of the reinforcement bars 8. In general, the outer circumferential diameter of thetube 9 will be larger than the outer circumferential diameters of the reinforcement bars 8. - The
tube 9 is attached to acarrier 10 as illustrated inFig. 4 . In this case thecarrier 10 comprises a metal grid which has eight pairs of parallel bars orwires 11 that extend in longitudinal direction of theslab 1 and a plurality of parallel transverse bars orwires 12 which extend in transverse direction of theslab 1. The parallel bars orwires 11 can be pairs of two, as shown inFigs. 3 and4 , but may be single bars in an alternative embodiment.Figs. 2 and4 illustrate that portions of thetube 9 partly fall between respective pairs ofparallel wires 11. This prevents thetube 9 from displacement in transverse and also in longitudinal direction of thecarrier 10 during manufacturing. Additionally, thecarrier 10 may be connected with the reinforcement bars 8 in thelower layer 5 of theslab 1, which prevents thecarrier 10 from displacement during manufacturing.Figs. 1 and 2 show that thecarrier 10 including thetube 9 is disposed below the reinforcement bars 8, whereas thetube 9 is disposed between thecarrier 10 and thelower slab slide 3. In practice the distance between thelower tube side 9b and thelower slab side 3 is preferably as small as possible, for example smaller than 10 mm or even smaller than 5 mm, but there may be at least a film layer of concrete covering thetube 9. The film layer may be such that thetube 9 is still visible, which is advantageous in the construction phase since it avoids that someone drills into thetube 9. - It is noted that the
parallel wires 11 might be seen as part of the reinforcement bars 8 because of their - limited - contribution to the reinforcement of theslab 1. In that case, in the embodiment as shown inFigs. 1 and 2 theparallel wires 11 and the reinforcement bars 8 together would form a common reinforcement of which the upper reinforcement sides 8a of the bars would form the upper reinforcement side and the lower sides of theparallel wires 11 would form the lower reinforcement side. Furthermore, theupper tube side 9a would lie below theupper reinforcement side 8a, and thelower tube side 9b would still lie below the lower reinforcement side. In other words, thelower tube side 9b lies always closer to thelower slab side 3 than the reinforcement. -
Fig. 4 shows that end portions of thetube 9 at opposite lateral side edges of thegrid 10 leave the cooperating pairs ofparallel wires 11 and lie closer to the opposite side edges. This means that the end portions of thetube 9 in the resultingslab 1 are also located close to the side edges thereof.Fig. 5 shows a sectional view of an end portion of the resultingslab 1, in which an end portion of thetube 9 is bent downwardly such that it extends below thelower slab side 3. This provides the opportunity to connect thetube 9 to a tube of anotherfloor slab 1 after installing theslabs 1 in a building. This is illustrated inFig. 6 , which shows parts of twoadjacent floor slabs 1 of which the correspondingtubes 9 are connected to each other, whereas other end portions of therespective tubes 9 are connected to a heating or cooling source. The arrows inFig. 6 show that after installing theslabs 1 in this way a heating or cooling fluid can be conducted through bothslabs 1. It is noted that theslab 1 ofFigs. 4 and 5 is provided with cavities at thelower slab side 3 in order to be able to handle the end portions of thetube 9 more easily. - Similarly, the end portions of the
tube 9 of afloor slab 1 can be bent upwardly in order to connect thetube 9 to other tubes. This is illustrated inFigs. 7 and 8. Fig. 8 shows a situation in which twoadjacent floor slabs 1 including theirrespective tubes 9 are installed in a building in a similar way as illustrated inFig. 6 , but now connected at upper portions of theslabs 1. It may be clear that it is advantageous that during manufacturing of theconcrete slab 1 fresh concrete is removed from theslab 1 at the end portions of thetube 9 before curing, such thatcavities 13 are present where a connection between tubes and end portions ofother tubes 9 can be made. In the embodiments ofFigs. 7 and 8 the cavities are located at theupper slab side 2. -
Fig. 9 shows a front view of an embodiment of anapparatus 14 for manufacturing a concrete hollowcore floor slab 1 by means of a slipform casting process according to the invention. Theapparatus 14 comprises aframe 15 which can be moved by means ofwheels 16 in a manufacturing direction over awork floor 17. Thewheels 16 are located on lateral sides of theframe 15. On thework floor 17 twoopposite mould parts 18 are located at a predefined distance from each other between which concrete 19 can be poured. The contours of themould parts 18 define the shapes of sidewalls of the resultingslab 1. Bothupright mould parts 18 and the bottom orwork floor 17 form part of amovable casting mould 20. - The
apparatus 14 compriseschannel recess elements 21 for obtaining thehollow channels 7 in theslab 1 to be made. Thechannel recess elements 21 are elongated bodies that are fixed to theframe 15. The length of achannel recess element 21 may be 1 m, for example, but a longer or shorterchannel recess element 21 is conceivable. During the manufacturing process theframe 15 including thechannel recess elements 21 move continuously forwardly and concrete 19 is supplied into themould 20 simultaneously by means of a concrete-pouring system which is also fixed to theframe 15. As a consequence, at the rear side of theapparatus 14 theslab 1 obtains a cross-section comparable to that as shown inFig. 1 . Due to the continuous manufacturing process thechannel recess elements 21 are removed from the resultingslab 1 after the step of pouringconcrete 19. It is noted that the process is illustrated and described in a simplified way, but in practice it may be a more complicated two-step process. Theapparatus 14 may be provided with compacting members (not shown) for compacting the concrete. The compacting members may comprise vibrating elements so as to fluidize the concrete. - In a first step of an embodiment of the method according to the invention grid-shaped
carriers 10 are provided withtubes 9 as depicted inFig. 10. Fig. 10 illustrates the intendedslabs 1 by reference signs 1'. In this case twotubes 9 are attached to acommon carrier 10 which is cut together with thefinished slabs 1 afterwards. Alternatively, the common carrier may be longer, orseparate carriers 10 for each intended slab 1' may be applied. Thetubes 9 are attached on top of thecarrier 10 by means of thin stainless steel wires or the like. Then thecarrier 10 including thetubes 9 is turned upside down such that thetubes 9 contact thework floor 17 and thecarrier 10 rests on thetubes 9. This condition is illustrated inFig. 9 . - After laying the
carrier 10 including thetubes 9 on the work floor the reinforcement bars orprestressing tendons 8 are laid on thecarrier 10, possibly pre-stressed and connected to thecarrier 10, after which theapparatus 14 including thechannel recess elements 21 and the concrete-pouring system may pass. Upon pouringconcrete 19 into themould 20 thecarrier 10 including thetubes 9 may tend to move upwardly, but this can be avoided by maintaining the reinforcement bars 8 at a certain height above the working floor by means of the passingapparatus 14. As a consequence, a very thin layer of concrete can be forced between thework floor 17 and thelower tube side 9b. - It is noted that in this embodiment of the method of manufacturing the
carrier 10 including thetube 9 functions as a distance keeper for the reinforcement bars orprestressing tendons 8. - It is also possible to lay the
tube circuits 9 first on thework floor 17, then place thecarrier 10 onto thetube circuits 9 and subsequently attach the tube circuits to thecarrier 10. - After a concrete bed of great length has been finished and hardened it has to be cut in shorter elements hence creating separate concrete hollow
core floor slabs 1 including atube circuit 9. - From the foregoing, it will be clear that the invention provides a concrete floor slab which has a fast response to heating or cooling. Furthermore, the invention provides an efficient method of manufacturing such a concrete slab.
- The invention is not limited to the embodiments shown in the drawings and described hereinbefore, which may be varied in different manners within the scope of the claims and their technical equivalents.
Claims (15)
- A concrete floor slab (1) including an upper slab side (2) and a lower slab side (3), comprising a reinforcement (8) which is embedded in the concrete and includes an upper reinforcement side (8a) and a lower reinforcement side (8b), and a tube (9) for heating or cooling fluid which includes an upper tube side (9a) and a lower tube side (9b), wherein the upper tube side (9a) of at least the major portion of the tube (9) lies below the upper reinforcement side (8a).
- A concrete floor slab (1) according to claim 1, wherein the upper tube side (9a) of at least the major portion of the tube (9) lies below the lower reinforcement side (8b).
- A concrete floor slab (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the lower reinforcement side (8b) is formed by lower sides of reinforcement bars or prestressing tendons (8) extending in longitudinal direction of the slab (1).
- A concrete floor slab (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the upper reinforcement side (8a) is formed by upper sides of reinforcement bars or prestressing tendons (8) extending in longitudinal direction of the slab (1).
- A concrete floor slab (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the concrete floor slab (1) is a hollow core floor slab having an upper layer (4), a lower layer (5) and vertical webs (6) which connect the upper and lower layers (4, 5), hence forming open channels (7), wherein the reinforcement (8) is disposed in the lower layer (5).
- A concrete floor slab (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the reinforcement comprises a plurality of reinforcement bars (8) extending substantially parallel to each other.
- A concrete floor slab (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the tube (9) has a meandering shape in a substantially flat plane parallel to the lower slab side (3).
- A concrete floor slab (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the tube (9) is directly attached to a carrier (10) and wherein the carrier (10) is at least partly disposed below the reinforcement (8), and wherein the tube (9) is at least partly disposed between the carrier (10) and the lower slab slide (3).
- A concrete floor slab (1) according to claim 8, wherein the carrier (10) is grid-shaped.
- A concrete floor slab (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the distance between the tube (9) and the lower slab side (3) is smaller than 10 mm, and preferably smaller than 5 mm.
- A concrete floor slab (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the reinforcement (8) is made of metal.
- A method of manufacturing a concrete slab (1) by means of a substantially horizontal slipform casting process in which a casting mould (20) is moved in a manufacturing direction, wherein before the step of pouring concrete (19) in the casting mould (20) a tube circuit (9) is placed in the mould (20) and a reinforcement (8) is placed on top of at least a part of the tube circuit (9).
- A method according to claim 12, wherein the tube circuit (9) is fixed to a carrier (10) before placing the reinforcement (8).
- A method according to claim 13, wherein the carrier (10) including the tube circuit (9) are placed such that the tube circuit (9) is located below the carrier (10) in the casting mould (20).
- A method according to one of the claims 12-14, wherein the reinforcement comprises a number of reinforcement bars (8) that are placed substantially parallel to each other in the manufacturing direction.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP13174040.9A EP2818606A1 (en) | 2013-06-27 | 2013-06-27 | A concrete floor slab and a method of manufacturing a concrete slab |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP13174040.9A EP2818606A1 (en) | 2013-06-27 | 2013-06-27 | A concrete floor slab and a method of manufacturing a concrete slab |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2818606A1 true EP2818606A1 (en) | 2014-12-31 |
Family
ID=48703209
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13174040.9A Withdrawn EP2818606A1 (en) | 2013-06-27 | 2013-06-27 | A concrete floor slab and a method of manufacturing a concrete slab |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2818606A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2017179982A1 (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2017-10-19 | Dyka B.V. | Building element with pipes and insert coupling |
CN109024284A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2018-12-18 | 贵州新联爆破工程集团有限公司 | A kind of cored slab simply supported beam casting concrete cooling device |
US20200254647A1 (en) * | 2019-02-12 | 2020-08-13 | Elematic Oyj | Method for manufacturing prefabricated concrete products |
EP3964337A1 (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2022-03-09 | CRH Structural Concrete Belgium | Method of manufacturing a concrete slab |
CN115012571A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-09-06 | 方圆建设集团有限公司 | Assembled steel plate concrete hollow floor slab and manufacturing method thereof |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT2323U1 (en) * | 1997-06-10 | 1998-08-25 | Christian Dipl I Koppensteiner | COMPONENT |
DE20315885U1 (en) * | 2003-05-20 | 2004-01-08 | Wyrich, Uwe | Concrete plate used for ceilings, consists of a metal or plastic mesh or mat reinforcement, and a pipe system |
DE202004015984U1 (en) * | 2004-10-14 | 2005-02-17 | Wyrich, Uwe | Lattice mat especially for fixing of pipes in prefabricated floor ceiling has at least some wires formed with pipe retaining clips which protrude from plane formed by wires |
NL1030969C2 (en) * | 2005-01-21 | 2006-07-24 | Betonson B V | Casting method for slab containing channels, used for floors or ceilings in buildings, involves forming channels in concrete layers cast around heating or cooling pipes |
DE102007055134A1 (en) * | 2007-07-11 | 2009-01-15 | Ketonia Gmbh | Reinforced concrete floor element e.g. hollow plate, for producing floor of multi-storey building, has pipe connectors feeding and discharging fluid, where either or both of connectors is present at floor bottom side in integrated condition |
-
2013
- 2013-06-27 EP EP13174040.9A patent/EP2818606A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT2323U1 (en) * | 1997-06-10 | 1998-08-25 | Christian Dipl I Koppensteiner | COMPONENT |
DE20315885U1 (en) * | 2003-05-20 | 2004-01-08 | Wyrich, Uwe | Concrete plate used for ceilings, consists of a metal or plastic mesh or mat reinforcement, and a pipe system |
DE202004015984U1 (en) * | 2004-10-14 | 2005-02-17 | Wyrich, Uwe | Lattice mat especially for fixing of pipes in prefabricated floor ceiling has at least some wires formed with pipe retaining clips which protrude from plane formed by wires |
NL1030969C2 (en) * | 2005-01-21 | 2006-07-24 | Betonson B V | Casting method for slab containing channels, used for floors or ceilings in buildings, involves forming channels in concrete layers cast around heating or cooling pipes |
DE102007055134A1 (en) * | 2007-07-11 | 2009-01-15 | Ketonia Gmbh | Reinforced concrete floor element e.g. hollow plate, for producing floor of multi-storey building, has pipe connectors feeding and discharging fluid, where either or both of connectors is present at floor bottom side in integrated condition |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2017179982A1 (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2017-10-19 | Dyka B.V. | Building element with pipes and insert coupling |
NL2016600B1 (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2017-11-07 | Dyka B V | Structural elements with pipes and an insert coupling. |
EP3832043A1 (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2021-06-09 | Dyka B.V. | Construction elements including pipes and an insert coupling |
CN109024284A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2018-12-18 | 贵州新联爆破工程集团有限公司 | A kind of cored slab simply supported beam casting concrete cooling device |
US20200254647A1 (en) * | 2019-02-12 | 2020-08-13 | Elematic Oyj | Method for manufacturing prefabricated concrete products |
EP3964337A1 (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2022-03-09 | CRH Structural Concrete Belgium | Method of manufacturing a concrete slab |
CN115012571A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-09-06 | 方圆建设集团有限公司 | Assembled steel plate concrete hollow floor slab and manufacturing method thereof |
CN115012571B (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2023-07-28 | 方圆建设集团有限公司 | Assembled steel plate concrete hollow floor slab and manufacturing method thereof |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP2818606A1 (en) | A concrete floor slab and a method of manufacturing a concrete slab | |
CN102071808B (en) | Anti-floating positioning method and structure for core mould pipe | |
CN101761229A (en) | Method for constructing hollow overlapped rib plate support system | |
CN104175398A (en) | Manufacturing mould and method of reinforcement cage of precast box beam | |
EP2657423B1 (en) | A concrete slab | |
CN103669868A (en) | Recursive flow process construction method for ultra-long concrete floor structure | |
CN107724583B (en) | Hollow floor system and construction method | |
KR20170108215A (en) | I section steel half precast slab and manufacturing method and construction method of the same | |
KR100681882B1 (en) | The precast kicker block and the method of construction using the same | |
ITBO20080144A1 (en) | PANEL FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A FLOOR OR SIMILAR. | |
KR20150042578A (en) | Half PC void slabs and this construction technique | |
KR101601629B1 (en) | Hollow Core Deck Plate with Light Weight Body | |
NL2014305B1 (en) | Formwork edge element and method for forming a foundation for a building. | |
EP2906761B1 (en) | Lattice structure for forming the reinforcing structure of a reinforced concrete floor | |
CN112218993A (en) | Reinforced spacer | |
CN202273346U (en) | Core mold tube anti-floating positioning structure | |
JP7022052B2 (en) | How to reinforce existing floors | |
EP2540928B1 (en) | A method and apparatus for manufacturing a concrete construction element | |
EP2474788B1 (en) | Grid element, moulded form part, grid, and method of mounting a heating and/or cooling pipe to a concrete building structure | |
KR101357005B1 (en) | Deck system for slab improved piping structure | |
JP2008285831A (en) | Structure and method for embedding heat exchanger tube | |
JP3182931U (en) | Precast beam structure | |
JP2015108273A (en) | Concrete void slab | |
AU2004242538C9 (en) | Dowel assembly for concrete slabs | |
CN116657831A (en) | Erection device of non-finished product spacing type reinforced mesh and construction method thereof |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20130627 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: BA ME |
|
R17P | Request for examination filed (corrected) |
Effective date: 20150629 |
|
RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20150824 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20160304 |