EP2818204A1 - Dispositif de refroidissement pour combinaisons de protection contre les produits chimiques et/ou appareils respiratoires en circuit fermé - Google Patents

Dispositif de refroidissement pour combinaisons de protection contre les produits chimiques et/ou appareils respiratoires en circuit fermé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2818204A1
EP2818204A1 EP13003231.1A EP13003231A EP2818204A1 EP 2818204 A1 EP2818204 A1 EP 2818204A1 EP 13003231 A EP13003231 A EP 13003231A EP 2818204 A1 EP2818204 A1 EP 2818204A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling
air
condenser
cooling device
coolant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13003231.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jochim Koch
Carsten Stemich
Norbert Wruck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Draeger Safety AG and Co KGaA
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Draeger Safety AG and Co KGaA
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Application filed by Draeger Safety AG and Co KGaA filed Critical Draeger Safety AG and Co KGaA
Priority to EP13003231.1A priority Critical patent/EP2818204A1/fr
Publication of EP2818204A1 publication Critical patent/EP2818204A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B9/00—Component parts for respiratory or breathing apparatus
    • A62B9/003—Means for influencing the temperature or humidity of the breathing gas
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B17/00—Protective clothing affording protection against heat or harmful chemical agents or for use at high altitudes
    • A62B17/005—Active or passive body temperature control
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B17/00—Protective clothing affording protection against heat or harmful chemical agents or for use at high altitudes
    • A62B17/006—Protective clothing affording protection against heat or harmful chemical agents or for use at high altitudes against contamination from chemicals, toxic or hostile environments; ABC suits

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to a cooling device for chemical protective suits or other protective suits. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a cooling device for recirculation breathing apparatus and similar breathing apparatus. Such Kreislaufatemieri are often used together with protective suits and in particular with chemical protective suits.
  • the present invention is based on the finding that in particular the high humidity inside the protective suit has the consequence that the wearer of the protective suit can no longer deliver his body heat to a sufficient extent, because the body heat is released at high physical stress mainly by sweating. Due to this effect, the use of rescue workers, who must wear these chemical protective suits, is very limited in time. The maximum operating time is usually only about 10 to 20 minutes. Therefore, there is not much time and energy for the actual rescue operation and for the way back of the carrier from the place of use into a safe environment for long distances to the place of use.
  • climate comfort measurements have also shown that especially the high humidity for the thermal load and the premature exhaustion of the carrier is crucial. Also, it has been found that the wearer of a protective suit over a longer time (ie several hours) is able to perform a strenuous physical activity even at high ambient temperatures of, for example, 42 ° C, if the humidity is relatively low (eg 30%). relative humidity). Body temperature increases slightly, but then remains at a stable level. The same applies to the heart rate of the wearer.
  • a chemical protective suit is known from the prior art in which the air inside the suit is cooled by supplying cooled air via compressed air hoses from the outside.
  • the Although supplied air is dry and cool, which initially leads to a certain cooling effect.
  • the relative humidity rises very quickly, which leads to the formation of condensate on the inner walls of the suit and on the inside of the visor, which in turn leads to a limitation of the view of the wearer.
  • the condensate finally collects in the boots of the suit, which is very unpleasant for the wearer.
  • a liquid cooling can be used for cooling or for controlling the temperature in the interior of a protective suit.
  • This solution is used for example in spacesuits.
  • this principle is limited in its effect because it acts on the conductive cooling effect directly on the skin of the wearer.
  • the skin temperature must be kept cool so that the wearer does not sweat.
  • the actual cooling device for cooling the air is in this solution outside of the suit.
  • the entire cooling energy must be carried in the form of a cooling source, resulting in a high weight and a correspondingly large volume of the device.
  • a water ice storage may be used which, assuming cooling work of 1080 kJ (ie, 800 watts over 30 minutes), must have a net weight of about 3.23 kg for the ice.
  • the weight of the chiller and other components add up to the weight of the water ice storage tank.
  • the handling of the water ice storage is complex, because the ice first prepared, then dissolved out of the cooling tank and then must be used in the cooling device of the suit. Therefore, such a solution is not practical.
  • a protective suit with CO 2 dry ice cooling for use in mining.
  • the heat is removed from the body of the wearer through a heat exchanger (inner suit) and with the help of a membrane pump and circulating circulating silicone oil and then cooled by the dry ice by the energy released by the melting of the ice.
  • This principle is also very expensive.
  • the refrigerator has a high weight (> 20 kg) and a large volume of construction.
  • phase change materials such as wax or paraffin.
  • PCM phase change materials
  • these materials have a lower specific cooling capacity (180 kJ / kg) than water ice (334 kJ / kg). Therefore, a paraffin store would be even heavier than a water ice storage, i. about 6 kg net for the paraffin plus the weight of the refrigerator.
  • the air is cooled by a fan circulating the indoor air and bypassing the ice pack.
  • the relative humidity inside the suit is not significantly reduced and the cooling effect is therefore very limited.
  • the air temperature is significantly cooled by this device, but at the same time the relative humidity by the welding output of the wearer constantly increases until the air inside the suit is completely saturated. The achievable cooling effect is therefore reduced to the convection cooling, which is why no Evaporationsksselung can be realized, but which is required for high physical performance.
  • a cooling vest in which the surface of the vest is wetted with a liquid which evaporates to the environment and produces an evaporative cooling. Furthermore, it is a porous one discloses water-storing outer layer with an underlying protective jacket, which consists of a known barrier film against water vapor.
  • the DE 10 2008 019 513 B3 describes a protective suit with a passive evaporative cooler.
  • the described principle can only be realized with a high technical outlay.
  • the cooling capacity of the evaporative cooler is in many cases not sufficient.
  • a device for cooling a protective suit using a fan is in DE 10 2008 060 826 B3 described.
  • the air in the interior of a chemical protective suit is circulated and passed on cold surfaces of several, for example, with ammonium nitrate and water filled containers to reduce the temperature of the passing air.
  • ammonium nitrate and water filled containers to reduce the temperature of the passing air.
  • the US 3,174,300 describes a recirculation breathing apparatus integrated in a protective suit having an internal cooling source.
  • the cooling source is formed by a tank filled with coolant, on which an air flow is passed.
  • the device is operated with a fan, but it has only a small volume flow, which corresponds approximately to the tidal flow (ie about 30 to 60 liters / minute) and is not sufficient for body cooling. Furthermore, no effective dehumidification can be carried out in the interior of the protective suit.
  • the DE 199 22 848 A1 relates to a device for cooling a liquid in a container by means of a liquid cooler, which sucks through a sorbent from an evaporator, which is in thermal contact with the liquid to be cooled, working medium vapor.
  • a liquid cooler which sucks through a sorbent from an evaporator, which is in thermal contact with the liquid to be cooled, working medium vapor.
  • the working medium vapor flows back into the evaporator and, when condensing, releases its heat of condensation to a liquid within the container.
  • the DE 40 29 084 A1 describes a cooling device for breathing gas cooling in a respirator.
  • a heat collector is formed as a reservoir for an evaporable liquid, which is connectable with an evacuated adsorbent container such that the liquid evaporates under the absorption of heat of vaporization and the vapor is adsorbed on an adsorbent located in the adsorbent under release of heat of adsorption and heat of condensation.
  • the adsorbent container is designed as a heat sink which is arranged outside the respiratory gas flow and is provided for emitting the heat to the environment.
  • the US 3,132,688 discloses a cooling device for cooling certain regions of the human body that operates using a thermoelectric heat pump (eg, Peltier elements).
  • a thermoelectric heat pump eg, Peltier elements
  • the DE 10 2008 055 700 A1 shows a respirator with a circuit for breathing gas and with a cooled by an evaporative heat exchanger channel.
  • the evaporation agent is introduced from an evaporation agent container via at least one group of spray elements in the heat exchange channel.
  • a gas delivery device is provided, by means of which a gas volume flow is passed through the heat exchanger channel.
  • the US 5,896,856 discloses a breathing apparatus for firefighters connected to a coolant tank.
  • the coolant is supplied to a heat exchanger to cool the breathing air.
  • the cooling of a protective suit is not described.
  • the US 5,662,161 shows a device for cooling breathing gas.
  • the breathing gas flows past a heat exchanger formed by tubes filled with a phase change material.
  • the DE 43 44 353 A1 discloses a supply device for a person in a protective suit, with the help of which the protective suit filtered and cooled breathing air is supplied.
  • the device comprises a compressor, is sucked through the air and fed to a heat exchanger. Further, a compressor is provided with a condenser, which together with the heat exchanger form a refrigeration cycle.
  • a first object of the present invention is therefore to provide a cooling device for protective suits and especially for chemical protective suits for To provide, with the help of which improved cooling and dehumidification in the interior of these protective suits can be achieved.
  • respirators As explained above, protective suits and especially chemical protective suits intended for use in hazardous environments are normally used together with respirators. Often respirators are used with an oxygen cylinder. For longer operations, however, so-called recirculation respirators are preferred in which the CO 2 content of the exhaled breath must be reduced.
  • a so-called regeneration cooler can be used in which instead of water ice another latent heat storage is used, which provides the melting energy for cooling without the use of a freezer.
  • This concept is much easier to use because the cooler can be used over and over again and is stored ready for use in the device.
  • the cooling capacity is significantly lower because the PCM (Phase Change Material) has a lower specific cooling capacity, as already explained above.
  • PCM Phase Change Material
  • Another disadvantage of these known breathing air cooling devices is that their duration of use is limited because the energy of the water ice or the phase change material is used up relatively quickly. If you want to extend the service life, so this is only about an increase in the amount of water ice or PCM, which would significantly increase the weight and volume of the cooling device.
  • Cooling devices of the above type are known from e.g. DE 928 690 C and from the DE 879 651 C known.
  • a so-called zeolite cooler in which the environment is deprived of heat by the evaporation of water and the moisture is absorbed in a zeolite.
  • a corresponding method for cooling a respirator is in the DE 40 29 084 disclosed.
  • the production of such a zeolite cooler is technically very complicated because the zeolite must be stored under vacuum and the tightness must be guaranteed for a very long time.
  • the reusable cooler must be laboriously regenerated.
  • the zeolite must be dehumidified at temperatures above 200 ° C and the water is condensed in an evaporator. It has been found that the use of a zeolite cooler for a respirator or breathing apparatus is not practical.
  • Another object of the present invention is therefore to provide a cooling device with the aid of which improved cooling and dehumidification of heated air can be achieved, in particular the respiratory air in a Kreislaufatem réelle, so that the wearer of a Kreislaufatem réelles a pleasant cool and relatively dry breath can be provided. It is also an object of the invention to provide improved cooling and dehumidification of the air in the interior of a protective suit.
  • cooling devices for protective suits but also for respiratory protective devices are only very conditionally suitable for use at higher ambient temperatures.
  • the known cooling devices work satisfactorily only in environments with a temperature of up to 60 to 70 ° C. Above this temperature, the known cooling devices usually can not deliver sufficient heat to the environment in order to ensure sufficient cooling or dehumidification of the inside air of a protective suit or breathing air.
  • the basis of the present invention is first of all the recognition that the absolute humidity in the interior of a chemical protective suit must be kept as low as possible, so that the sweat evaporation of the wearer can work. It has been found that with increasing relative humidity in the interior of the suit, the evaporation of sweat on the skin surface of the wearer of the protective suit decreases more and more. As a result, more sweat builds up on the skin surface of the wearer, eventually causing drops to form on the skin, moving downward due to gravity and accumulating predominantly in the suit's boots. In addition, there is an increased formation of condensation on the inner surfaces of the suit and in particular on the inner surface of the visor, whereby the view of the wearer is severely limited.
  • the air temperature inside the suit increases within 30 minutes from about 20 ° C to about 30 ° C. In the further course of time, the air temperature can continue to rise. This increase occurs approximately in the form of an exponential function. At the same time, the relative humidity increases from about 40% to a stable value of about 90% (also as an exponential function). Due to the large increase in the core temperature of the wearer's body within a short period of time (e.g., 30 minutes), the thermal comfort increasingly decreases and eventually leads to massive depletion of the wearer. The reason for this is that the wearer can only give off relatively little evaporative heat by sweating because the air inside the protective suit reaches its saturation state relatively quickly (25 g / kg).
  • the air in the immediate vicinity of the skin has an absolute humidity of about 36 g / kg.
  • the carrier could theoretically still deliver about 11 grams of water per kilogram of air to the environment under these conditions, as the air circulates well around the wearer's body.
  • the wearer can still deliver heat through convection to the environment, because the air temperature in the interior of the suit is still lower than the skin or core temperature of the wearer.
  • radiant heat can be dissipated as long as the skin temperature is higher than the inside wall temperature of the suit, which is between the inside air temperature of the suit of about 30 ° C and the outside temperature of about 23 ° C, that is, for example, 27 ° C.
  • this possible heat release is not sufficient to stabilize the body temperature of the wearer, which is why the body temperature continues to rise.
  • the cooling device according to the invention which is preferably realized as a heat pump cooler, is therefore designed to reduce the relative humidity in the interior of the suit, for example, from about 90% to about 50%.
  • the absolute water content of the air inside the suit would be from about 27 g / kg to about 13 g / kg decline.
  • the partial pressure difference is significantly reduced, so that significantly more sweat can evaporate.
  • 23 g / kg can now be released into the air instead of the previous 11 g / kg sweat.
  • the present invention is based on the use of a cooling device in the form of a heat pump cooler, which is supplied by means of an electric battery (or battery).
  • the heat pump cooler essentially has an evaporator and a condenser which releases its heat to the environment, while the evaporator cools down the air circulating in the interior of the protective suit and condenses the water vapor.
  • the principle of a heat pump cooler is based on an electrically driven compressor, which compresses a coolant and heats up to approx. 40 to 75 ° C.
  • the heat is transported in the form of refrigerant vapor (which has a high energy content) to a condenser (heat exchanger), which condenser then constitutes the required heat sink in which the refrigerant condenses, whereby substantially all of the heat of condensation can be dissipated to the environment.
  • a condenser heat exchanger
  • the (liquefied) coolant is passed via a line that includes a throttle to an evaporator.
  • the coolant has a much lower temperature of, for example, -10 ° to + 10 ° C.
  • the passing air eg the inside air of the suit or the inhaled air in a respirator
  • a temperature of for example approx Cooled down 15 ° C this temperature depends inter alia on the design of the evaporator (cooling surface) and on the amount and speed of the passing air.
  • the coolant is vaporized in this case and fed back to the compressor in the cooling circuit.
  • the cooling device of the present invention is capable of extracting water from the air in the interior of the suit. This can be done in an advantageous manner by the fact that the outside (eg outside the protective suit) Condenser has a much higher temperature than the ambient temperature, wherein the evaporator cools the air in the interior of the suit, while at the same time on the evaporator, the moisture of the inner air can condense. It is obvious that the resulting condensate is collected in a collecting container. In this way, the temperature and the relative humidity in the interior of the suit can be kept low.
  • the dew point temperature for a saturated moisture content of 12 g / kg is around 18 ° C. At this temperature (preferably ⁇ 18 ° C), the evaporator should cool down. This can be easily achieved with a heat pump. Temperatures of up to approx. 4 ° C can be achieved without icing.
  • the power required for cooling is reduced by at least half the coefficient of performance (COP) of the heat pump, and with a good design it can even be reduced to one quarter of the effective cooling capacity.
  • the power for the drive of the required fan or blower (about 1 watt) must be made available.
  • a battery for the heat pump and for the blowers (fans) should have a capacity of about 3 Ah (at 24 volts) for an operating time of about 60 minutes.
  • Exemplary standard baby lithium thionyl chloride cells have a nominal capacity of about 3 Ah and weigh about 600 grams.
  • the cooling device described above can also be used in a modified form in recirculation breathing apparatus or other breathing apparatus when it is necessary to cool and dehumidify the breathing air. It is obvious that the dimensions of a cooling device (heat pump) used for the breathing circuit of a breathing apparatus are correspondingly lower.
  • a heat pump cooling device can only be effectively operated if the ambient temperature is correspondingly low.
  • a vaporizable liquid for example, water
  • the capacitor at higher ambient temperatures from the outside with a vaporizable liquid is sprayed or wetted. This serves to keep the efficiency of the heat pump (chiller) in a favorable working range and thus dissipate more heat output via the heat of evaporation to the environment. In this way, effective cooling can be achieved even at high ambient temperatures.
  • the spraying of the condenser can also be applied to the cooling device for cooling the interior of a protective suit.
  • the ambient temperature in which the cooling device of the present invention ie, the protective suit and / or the recirculating breathing device cooling device
  • the one associated with that environment would Contact standing condenser of the cooler can no longer give off heat output to the environment when its temperature is also 80 ° C or less.
  • the pressure of the coolant in the cooling device would have to be about 26 bar at 80 ° C. when using the coolant R134a by way of example.
  • the condenser or the coolant contained therein must have a temperature of well above 80 ° C, so that heat can be released to the environment.
  • the compressor must produce a pressure of over 26 bar. Such a pressure would be but too high and would most likely lead to premature failure of the compressor.
  • a pressure of about 16 bar would be required (at 40 ° C only about 10 bar). Reducing the pressure by reducing the condenser temperature would therefore mean that the compressor can work trouble-free and permanently.
  • the electrical power consumption of the cooling device according to the invention ie power consumption of the compressor
  • the reduction of the pressure of the refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle of the refrigerator can be achieved by reducing the temperature of the condenser by spraying or wetting the outer surface of the condenser with water or other vaporizable liquid. Due to the resulting evaporation process, much more heat can be extracted and the coolant temperature can be set lower. As a result, the compressor can be operated much longer due to its reduced power consumption.
  • the condenser (heat exchanger) can passively release its heat by convection and radiation, whereby the convection cooling can be further improved by providing a fan.
  • the condenser is provided with cooling coils for the delivery of heat to the environment. With the help of the fan is the Ambient air blown over the surface of the condenser, whereby the evaporation of the spray water is improved.
  • the surface of the capacitor is sprayed by means of a spray device (e.g., a spray bottle or a small compressor).
  • the spray medium may be, for example, distilled water or another vaporizable liquid.
  • care must be taken to use a non-flammable propellant.
  • the spray valve of the spray device by means of which the evaporation medium (water) is sprayed onto the outer heat exchanger surface of the condenser, can be electrically controlled.
  • the cooling device of the present invention heat pump radiator
  • the cooling device is configured to store parallel cold energy during this time, which then, when higher ambient temperatures are used for cooling or dehumidifying the breathing air of a respirator or the air in the interior of a protective suit can be.
  • a practical for a Kreislaufatem réelle cooling module is based essentially on the principle of a heat pump, as explained above.
  • An electrically operated compressor here compresses a cooling medium (for example R134a) which in this case is heated to, for example, about 40 to 75 ° C.
  • a cooling medium for example R134a
  • the heat exchanger can deliver its heat passively (i.e., by convection and radiation) or by evaporation of liquid sprayed onto the surface of the heat exchanger (condenser), as discussed above. This effect can be enhanced by using a small fan (about 100 mW).
  • the liquid coolant is passed through a throttle to a heat exchanger (evaporator) and there relaxed.
  • the cooling medium now has a temperature of, for example, -10 to + 10 ° C.
  • the evaporator is designed to cool the breathing gas to a temperature of about 15 ° C.
  • the cooling medium is vaporized and recycled to the compressor.
  • the entire "internal" cooling system with the cooling medium is separated from the environment in a housing.
  • the speed of the compressor can be controlled or stepped on and off to adjust the cooling capacity to the required cooling demand.
  • a temperature sensor can optionally be installed in the breathing gas line.
  • the electrical energy is supplied by a battery (rechargeable battery), which is for example a lithium polymer battery.
  • the invention is in the breathing circuit in addition to the evaporator nor a cold storage, for example in the form of a cylindrical Vessel filled with water or with a cooling gel.
  • the connection between the condenser and the evaporator is realized by this cooling gel.
  • the heat pump can be set so that the temperature behind the throttle is below 0 ° C, so that the cooling capacity initially causes the cooling gel (or water) to freeze. Subsequently, this line is continued to the actual air heat exchanger (evaporator). There, the coolant reaches a slightly higher temperature, so that it is not expected that the air heat exchanger can freeze from the outside.
  • a further temperature sensor may be attached to the input line of the air heat exchanger to determine whether a reference threatens.
  • the cooling capacity can be slightly reduced to prevent icing.
  • the heated by the air heat exchanger coolant is then recompressed by the compressor, this heats up again and then condenses in the condenser, where it gives off its heat energy to the environment.
  • the cooling gel is frozen in the cold storage of the cooling device and stored a corresponding amount of cooling energy.
  • the breathing gas is cooled by the evaporator to, for example, 15 ° C.
  • the respiratory gas is cooled by the cold storage, without the Heat pump must be operated.
  • the pressure exhibited by the compressor would have to be increased (as described above), significantly increasing the power consumption and risking premature compressor failure, or increasing the amount of fluid passing through the spray device described above (if present) is sprayed onto the condenser.
  • the heat pump continues to run when the ambient temperature is above the temperature of the condenser.
  • the cold storage is not in the immediate flow of air between the condenser and the evaporator, but laterally next to the breathing air flow in the housing of the cooling device so that it provides its cooling losses in the breathing air circuit and does not need to be isolated extra to the environment.
  • the heat pump transports the cold from the heat accumulator into the air heat exchanger (evaporator) and cools the respiratory air over it.
  • no cold storage filled with cooling gel is provided.
  • the cooling device is designed so that the moisture that is in the breathing circuit condenses and freezes. Over a longer period then enough ice is stored, which can be used if the condenser can no longer deliver its heat at high ambient temperatures sufficiently to the environment.
  • the total weight of the cooling module is reduced by the elimination of the cold storage. The weight only increases as the water in the breathing circuit freezes.
  • the cold accumulator (heat exchanger) thus formed is preferably arranged so that the respiratory air flows past it and it can absorb the freezing moisture during storage and also cool the breathing air during cooling.
  • the fan is regulated as a function of the ambient temperature.
  • the fan generates a forced air flow, which increases the heat emission to the environment. If the ambient temperature is higher than the inlet temperature of the heat exchanger, the fan and optionally also the compressor can be switched off until the ambient temperature is low enough so that the heat can be released back to the environment via the condenser.
  • the cooling properties of the heat pump in a Kreislaufatem réelle can be significantly improved by a cooling effect is also possible, if an increased ambient temperature would not allow removal of heat from the condenser to the environment.
  • a cold storage which is located in front of the air heat exchanger (evaporator) and cold in the form of heat of fusion, such as ice water or cooling gel, freezes.
  • This cold storage can thus maintain the required cooling effect in the breathing circuit in the times in which no heat can be released to the environment.
  • the use of heat pump cooling devices (although temporary) even at high ambient temperatures possible without the cooling effect is interrupted or reduced.
  • the structure of this cooling device with integrated cold storage is very simple and takes up little space, because the melting energy of water ice is very high and only about 160 cm 3 storage volume is required for a cooling time of about 20 minutes.
  • the above-described cold accumulation-type refrigerating apparatus may be additionally provided with the above-described spraying device for spraying the condenser.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a protective suit 1 (for example, a chemical protective suit), which completely surrounds the wearer of the suit.
  • the protective suit 1 consists of a protective cover 3, which encloses an interior 2.
  • the protective suit 1 comprises boots 7 and gloves 6, which can be attached to the suit via suitable connections, so that the wearer is protected from toxic gases in the environment.
  • the wearer of the suit receives the breathing air via a full mask 4 with a demand valve 9, a compressed gas hose 10 and a compressed gas container (SCBA) 11, which is attached to the back of the wearer.
  • SCBA compressed gas container
  • the pressure of the SCBA 11 can be read. Via the valve 9, the wearer exhales the respiratory air preferably into the interior of the protective suit.
  • the amount of air in the interior of the suit is thus continuously increased by the supply of exhaled air, which is why the internal pressure in the interior of the suit increases. This ensures that no toxic gases can enter the interior of the suit from the outside. About a pressure relief valve 13, the puffing of the suit is limited.
  • the actual cooling device 5 is in the form of a cooling device or cooling module, which, for example, mechanically is coupled with the SCBA 11 and is worn together with this.
  • the cooling module 5 includes a coolant compressor 19 that compresses and circulates the coolant circulating in a coolant loop to a high temperature of, for example, between about 30 ° C and about 75 ° C.
  • the compressed refrigerant is supplied to a condenser 18, by means of which the heat of the refrigerant can be discharged to the environment.
  • an air flow passage 26 is preferably provided, which is in communication with the condenser 18 so as to pass ambient air past the condenser 18.
  • This air flow can be amplified by a first fan (fan) 17, which is preferably provided at the inlet opening of the air flow channel, so that the heat exchange with the ambient air 23 entering the inlet opening can be forced.
  • the entering into the channel 26 cool ambient air is in FIG. 1 designated by reference numeral 23.
  • the ambient air 22, which has been heated by flowing past the condenser, then exits again to the environment, as shown by arrows 22.
  • Via a throttle 20 the pressure of the emerging from the condenser 18 refrigerant is again reduced, whereby the refrigerant is expanded, cools and enters an evaporator (or evaporator) 8.
  • the cooling module 5 comprises a compressor 19 for compressing the coolant, a condenser 18 for releasing heat of the coolant to the environment, a throttle 20 for reducing the coolant pressure and an evaporator 8 for absorbing heat from the interior of the protective suit.
  • the air flows from the interior 2 of the suit 1 in another channel 27 (inner air channel), which communicates with the evaporator 8, so as to pass the emerging from the interior 2 of the suit 1 air to the evaporator 8.
  • This airflow can be via a second fan (Fan) 16 are amplified to force the heat exchange between the warm indoor air and the evaporator 8.
  • This second fan 16 is preferably provided at the inlet opening of the inner air channel 27. This fan thus sucks the warm air (represented by arrow 15) from the interior 2 and passes it through the channel 27 past the evaporator 8, whereby the warm indoor air 15 is cooled and - withdrawn from moisture - back into the interior 2 of the suit is blown, as shown by the arrow 24.
  • the dehumidification of the warm internal air takes place by condensation of the warm air at the evaporator 8 during the cooling process, wherein the condensed water in a container provided below the evaporator (in FIG. 1 not shown) is collected and collected. This water may later be used to spray the condenser 18, as discussed above.
  • the cooling module 5 is operated via a battery (not shown). That is, the compressor 19 and the two fans 16, 17 are each driven by a powered by a battery electric motor.
  • the compressor 19 has, for example, an electrical power of 75 watts and thus requires at 24 volts a current of about 3 amps.
  • the fan 16 may be provided in a simple manner in the interior. For the fan 17, however, such an arrangement is difficult to realize. Consequently, the fan 17 would have to be made explosion-proof or be driven from the interior, for example via a magnetic coupling (not shown).
  • the outer heat exchanger 21 could, for example, by magnets (not shown) from the outside to the inner cooling device (ie, the inner condenser 18) are coupled, so that the outer heat exchanger 21 must be mounted only after tightening the suit.
  • This solution makes it possible to use the cooling device according to the invention together with any various protective suits.
  • a mechanical implementation of components would also not be required in this case.
  • cooling device basically has a similar structure as the cooling device FIG. 1 , However, the evaporator 8, the condenser 18 and the coupling refrigerant circuit with the compressor 19 and the throttle 20 in the interior of the suit.
  • an outer surface of the capacitor 18 is configured to abut the inner surface of the wrapper 25 of the suit.
  • the condenser 18 has a correspondingly shaped surface to allow the largest possible heat transfer surface with the outside of the cover 25 of the protective suit. At this heat transfer surface of the capacitor 18 is - separated from the shell 25 of the suit - a correspondingly shaped surface of an outer heat exchanger 21 at.
  • the outer heat exchanger 21 may be formed with cooling fins to form the largest possible surface, whereby the heat dissipation is improved.
  • the fan 17 is provided to bypass the ambient air 23 at the fins of the outer heat exchanger 21, whereby the cooling performance is further improved.
  • the unit consisting of the first fan 17 and the heat exchanger 21 may be designed such that it can optionally be operated with the intermediate casing 25 of the protective suit or directly on the condenser 18.
  • the heat-transferring contact surface of the capacitor 18 is performed by the shell of the protective suit. That is, the cover of the protective suit is formed with an opening in which the contact surface of the capacitor 18 is inserted sealed.
  • a plate made of metal or of another material with good heat conduction properties may be used, on the inside of the capacitor is coupled and is coupled to the outside of the heat exchanger.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 describes a cooling device for a chemical protective suit, with the help of which the inside air is cooled down inside the suit by a self-sufficient heat pump and dehumidified to bring the climate in the suit to a comfortable level.
  • the heat pump is electrically powered by a battery and transfers the heat via a capacitor to the environment. This makes the system mobile.
  • the connection between the evaporator in the interior and the heat release to the environment can be realized in various ways, as explained above.
  • the speed of the compressor 19 is either controlled or the compressor can be switched on and off stepwise in order to adjust the cooling capacity of the cooling device to the required cooling requirements.
  • a temperature sensor may optionally be provided, for example, in the interior of the protective suit.
  • the respiratory breathing apparatus exhales the exhaled breathing gas of the equipment carrier via an inlet channel 36.
  • an absorber 32 a large part of the CO 2 contained in the exhaled breath gas is removed, and the so “purified” breathing gas is then passed into a breathing bag 34. From this bag 34, the "purified" breathing gas is passed into the heat exchanger 31 of a cooling device 30.
  • the heat sink of the heat exchanger is also applied to the flexible breathing bag 34, which is part of the breathing circuit line.
  • the heat exchanger 31 is cooled by the heat pump cooling device, as already explained above. As a result, the dew point of the saturated breathing gas is exceeded, and part of the moisture condenses out.
  • the breathing gas flow is cooled by convection.
  • the respiratory gas then exits the outlet channel 37 cooled and dehumidified and is then returned to the equipment carrier.
  • the heat pump cooling unit off FIG. 3 has a compressor 35 which compresses the refrigerant and a condenser 38 (also in FIG FIG. 4 shown), where the coolant gives off its heat to the environment, thereby consequently cools and condenses.
  • a throttle 39 the pressure of the coolant is lowered.
  • the coolant is returned to the heat exchanger 31 (evaporator). In this case, the coolant continues to cool and can again absorb heat from the breathing circuit via the heat exchanger 31, thereby cooling the respiratory air. In this case, the coolant is reheated.
  • the compressor 35 is powered by a battery 28 with electrical energy.
  • the above components are contained in a housing 29. Reducing CO 2 produced in the exhaled air by the wearer of the device is usually carried out with soda lime or alkali, as described above.
  • FIG. 4 is the cooling circuit of the cooling device according to the invention FIG. 3 shown schematically.
  • the cooling circuit comprises the cooling device 30 with the heat exchanger (evaporator) 31, the compressor 35, the condenser 38 and the throttle 39.
  • the cooling device 30 is provided with an inlet 41 and an outlet 42 in order to introduce the respiratory air to be cooled into the cooling device.
  • the compressor 35 has an electric power of 60 watts. So he pulls at a voltage of 24 V, a current of about 2.5 amps. Under normal operating conditions, the compressor achieves a cooling capacity of about 100 watts in the breathing circuit. For a use of 4 hours it requires a capacity of at least 10 ampere hours.
  • the weight for a commercially available battery is about 1.8 kg. It can be assumed that the electrical energy storage in the future will be even easier. Consequently, the cooling device with all components would have a weight of about 3.5 kg. Although this weight is about 1.5 kg higher than a comparable ice cooler, but the cooling capacity is also significantly larger.
  • FIG. 5 differs from FIG. 4 merely in that an electrically operated fan 43 is provided which can optionally be switched on and off via a temperature sensor 44 with associated control electronics.
  • the Fan By the Fan, the heat output of the condenser 38 is increased to the environment by an air flow 45 is blown through the condenser 38.
  • a water reservoir 46 which promotes water via a line 47 and via nozzles 51 to the surface of the condenser 38.
  • the water reservoir can be filled, for example, with a propellant, so that no additional pump is required.
  • the water dosage can be controlled in time. Whenever the ambient temperature is not a desired amount below the temperature of the capacitor, which can be measured by means of a sensor 49 or, in general, the temperature difference between the condenser 38 and the environment does not allow for an effective heat pumping process, for a short time the valve 48 is opened and the condenser 38 is sprayed or wetted with water so that it can evaporate, thereby reducing the temperature of the condenser 38.
  • the water condensing on the evaporator 31 can also be collected and used to spray the condenser 38.
  • a further temperature sensor 50 may be provided in order to be able to measure the temperature of the cooled breathing gas. Also, this temperature value may be used to control the amount of water sprayed onto the condenser 38 and / or to control the speed of the fan 43.
  • the above-described spray device of the cooling device according to the invention is designed for operation at high ambient temperatures to an operating time of about 1 hour. Consequently, the appropriate amount of water must be provided.
  • the spray device is preferably designed for intermittent operation, so that, for example, at a Sprüh devisanteil of about 25%, the entire service life of the cooling device can be covered.
  • the spraying device eg spray bottle
  • the spraying device is arranged so that 50-99% of the surface of the heat exchanger (condenser 38) can be sprayed and the water deposited to 50-99% on the heat exchanger surface. It is obvious that the cooling can be switched on as needed and / or can be continuously available as long as there is still enough electrical capacity in the battery.
  • control electronics of the cooling device is adapted to set the rotational speed of the compressor 35 to a predetermined value or to clock the operating cycle times of the compressor 35 so that the cooling power can be adapted to the cooling demand.
  • the spray is generated via a blowing agent-saving nozzle (or nozzles).
  • the sprayer works position independent, i. regardless of the location of the cooling device. This can be achieved by connecting the nozzle (s) to a proboscis provided with a float.
  • the surface of the heat exchanger (condenser) 38 (the same applies to the surface of the condenser 18 FIG. 1 ) may have hydrophilic properties to increase the effective evaporation area.
  • the cooling device described above can be coupled as a complete module with an existing Kreislaufatem Meeting. But it can also be modular for adaptation to an outer surface of the chemical protective suit ("heat window", for example, made of high-strength metal foil) can be provided and then controlled wirelessly.
  • heat window for example, made of high-strength metal foil
  • the refrigeration apparatus for a cycle breathing apparatus shown is basically based on the principle of a heat pump including an electrically driven compressor 35 that compresses a cooling medium (for example, R134a) so as to be heated to, for example, about 40 to 75 ° C.
  • a cooling medium for example, R134a
  • the cooling medium can dissipate its heat to the environment.
  • the cooling medium cools slightly and condenses.
  • the condenser 38 may pass its heat passively (ie, by convection and radiation) or by evaporation of liquid to the environment which is sprayed onto the surface of the condenser 38 according to another aspect of the invention, as discussed above. This effect can be enhanced by using a small fan 45 (about 100 mW), as in FIG.
  • the liquid cooling medium is passed through a throttle 39 to the heat exchanger 31 (evaporator) of a cooling device 30 and relaxed there.
  • the cooling medium now has a temperature of, for example, -10 to + 10 ° C.
  • the evaporator 31 is designed to cool the breathing gas to a temperature of about 15 ° C.
  • the cooling medium is vaporized and recycled to the compressor 35 in the circuit.
  • the entire "internal" cooling system with the cooling medium is arranged in a housing and thereby separated from the environment.
  • the speed of the compressor 35 may be controlled or stepped on and off to adjust the cooling capacity of the cooling device to the required cooling requirements.
  • a temperature sensor 50 can optionally be installed in the breathing gas line (for example at the outlet 42).
  • the electrical energy is supplied by a battery (rechargeable battery), which is for example a lithium polymer battery.
  • a cold storage 52 in the breathing circuit of the breathing apparatus for example in the form of a cylindrical container which is filled with water or with a cooling gel.
  • the connection between the condenser 38 and the evaporator 31 is realized by this cooling gel.
  • the heat pump can be set so that the temperature behind the throttle 39 is below 0 ° C, so that this cooling capacity results in that first the cooling gel (or the water) of the cold accumulator 52 is frozen. Subsequently, this refrigerant line to the actual air heat exchanger (evaporator) 31 is continued. There, the coolant reaches a slightly higher temperature, so that it is not expected that the air heat exchanger 31 can freeze from the outside.
  • another temperature sensor 53 at the Inlet line of the air heat exchanger 31 may be attached to determine whether a reference threatens.
  • the cooling capacity can be slightly reduced to prevent icing of the heat exchanger 31.
  • the coolant heated by the air heat exchanger 31 is then recompressed by the compressor, then re-heats and then condenses in the condenser, releasing its heat energy to the environment.
  • the cooling gel is frozen in the cold storage 52 of the cooling device and stored a corresponding amount of cooling energy.
  • the breathing gas is cooled by the evaporator 31 to, for example, 15 ° C.
  • the respiratory gas is cooled by the cold storage 52, without that the heat pump must be operated.
  • the pressure generated by the compressor 35 would have to be increased (as described above), thereby significantly increasing power consumption and risking premature failure of the compressor 35, or increasing the amount of fluid produced by the compressor with reference to above FIG. 6 spraying device (if any) is sprayed onto the condenser 38.
  • the heat pump continues running when the ambient temperature is above the temperature of the condenser 38.
  • the cold storage 52 is not in the immediate flow of air between the condenser 38 and evaporator 31, but laterally next to the breathing air flow in the housing of the cooling device, so he delivers his cooling losses in the breathing air and does not need to be isolated extra to the environment.
  • the heat pump transports the cold from the cold storage tank 52 into the air heat exchanger 31 and cools the respiratory air over it.
  • a temperature sensor 53 is also provided at the inlet of the heat exchanger 31 here.
  • the cooling device is designed so that the moisture that is in the breathing circuit condenses on the coolant line between throttle 39 and evaporator 31 and freezes.
  • this part of the conduit is provided with ribs 54 or other means suitable for promoting the condensation and freezing of the moisture. Over a longer period then enough ice is stored, which can be used if the capacitor 38 can no longer give off its heat at high ambient temperatures sufficient to the environment.
  • the total weight of the cooling module is first by the elimination of the cold storage (see FIGS. 7 and 8th ) decreased. The weight increases only to the extent that the water contained in the breathing circuit freezes at the ribs 54.
  • the cold accumulator formed in this way is preferably arranged so that the respiratory air flows past it, so that it can absorb the freezing moisture during storage and cool the respiratory air accordingly during cooling.
  • FIG. 9 shown embodiment includes a fan 43, in the immediate vicinity of a temperature sensor 44 is provided. In this way, an air flow 45 can be generated, which flows via the condenser 38.
  • the rotational speed of the fan 43 is controlled by a controller (not shown) based on the ambient temperature measured by the sensor 44.
  • the fan 43 thus generates a forced air flow, whereby the heat output is increased to the environment. If the ambient temperature is higher than the inlet temperature of the heat exchanger, the fan 43 and optionally also the compressor 35 can be turned off until the ambient temperature is low enough again so that the heat can be released back to the environment via the condenser 38.
  • the cooling properties of the heat pump in a Kreislaufatem réelle can be significantly improved by a cooling effect is also possible when an increased ambient temperature no removal of heat from the condenser 38th to the environment would allow.
  • the described cold accumulator is integrated in the refrigeration cycle of the heat pump, which is arranged in front of the air heat exchanger 31 and freezes cold in the form of heat of fusion, such as water ice or cooling gel. This cold storage can thus maintain the required cooling effect in the breathing circuit in the times in which no heat can be released to the environment.
  • the use of heat pump cooling devices (although temporary) even at high ambient temperatures possible without the cooling effect is interrupted or reduced.
  • this cooling device with integrated cold storage is very simple and takes up little space, because the melting energy of water ice is very high and only about 160 cm 3 storage volume is required for a cooling time of about 20 minutes. It is obvious that this aspect of the invention can also be used in the cooling and dehumidification of the air in the interior of a protective suit. The dimensions of the components and the amount of water or cooling gel must be correspondingly larger.
  • FIGS. 7 to 9 may additionally be provided with the spraying device described above for spraying the condenser 38, with reference to FIG. 6 has been described.
  • Cooling device for a Kreislaufatem réelle shown also essentially based on the principle of a heat pump.
  • the basic principle of this heat pump has already been referred to FIGS. 7 to 9 described in detail.
  • the cooling apparatus includes a compressor 35 for compressing a cooling medium to be heated to, for example, about 40 to 75 ° C.
  • a condenser 38 By forwarding the coolant to a condenser 38, the cooling medium can dissipate its heat to the environment.
  • the cooling medium cools slightly and condenses.
  • the liquid cooling medium is passed through a throttle 39 to a heat exchanger 31 and relaxed there.
  • the cooling medium now has a temperature of, for example, -10 to + 10 ° C.
  • the heat exchanger 31 cools the breathing gas to a temperature of about 15 ° C down.
  • the cooling medium is vaporized and recycled to the compressor 35 in the circuit.
  • the speed of the compressor can be controlled to adjust the cooling capacity of the cooling device to the required cooling requirements.
  • a temperature sensor 50 can be installed at the outlet 42 of the breathing gas line.
  • the variant shown is the cold storage 52 (in contrast to the embodiments of FIGS. 7 to 9 ) centrally in the heat exchanger 31, wherein the cold storage on its outer side has cooling fins and wherein the cooling coil 55 passes through the cold storage 52 and first cools down the cooling gel.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
EP13003231.1A 2013-06-25 2013-06-25 Dispositif de refroidissement pour combinaisons de protection contre les produits chimiques et/ou appareils respiratoires en circuit fermé Withdrawn EP2818204A1 (fr)

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106726280A (zh) * 2017-01-11 2017-05-31 上海旭旦实业有限公司 微型智能高压氧保健系统
WO2017119957A1 (fr) * 2015-01-08 2017-07-13 Trybridrive Llc Respirateur d'air réfrigéré et procédé associé de traitement de l'air
CN107970534A (zh) * 2017-11-17 2018-05-01 尚元奎 一种除尘呼吸器
CN108552643A (zh) * 2018-05-31 2018-09-21 南京纤海纳米科技有限公司 恒温空调服
CN113243584A (zh) * 2020-02-12 2021-08-13 武汉益永康医疗科技有限公司 防护服内温湿度控制系统
CN113243591A (zh) * 2020-02-07 2021-08-13 广东海洋大学 一种智能防护服
US20220001218A1 (en) * 2018-11-23 2022-01-06 Dezega Holding Ukraine, Llc Insulating breather
EP4108215A1 (fr) * 2021-06-23 2022-12-28 CH Creative Co., Ltd. Procédé portatif de refroidissement d'air de surface d'un corps et dispositif associé
RU2787161C1 (ru) * 2021-12-22 2022-12-29 Владимир Викторович Михайлов Портативное (мобильное) переносное устройство подогрева вдыхаемого воздуха (варианты)
CN117045995A (zh) * 2023-07-18 2023-11-14 广州大学 一种防护服冷却系统及防护服
EP4173511A4 (fr) * 2020-06-24 2023-11-15 Henan Tuoren Medical Device Co., Ltd Combinaison de protection ayant un dispositif d'alimentation en air
DE102023002597A1 (de) 2022-07-05 2024-01-11 Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co Kg Klimatisierbarer Anzug

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017119957A1 (fr) * 2015-01-08 2017-07-13 Trybridrive Llc Respirateur d'air réfrigéré et procédé associé de traitement de l'air
CN106726280A (zh) * 2017-01-11 2017-05-31 上海旭旦实业有限公司 微型智能高压氧保健系统
CN106726280B (zh) * 2017-01-11 2022-06-14 上海旭旦实业有限公司 微型智能高压氧保健系统
CN107970534A (zh) * 2017-11-17 2018-05-01 尚元奎 一种除尘呼吸器
CN108552643A (zh) * 2018-05-31 2018-09-21 南京纤海纳米科技有限公司 恒温空调服
US20220001218A1 (en) * 2018-11-23 2022-01-06 Dezega Holding Ukraine, Llc Insulating breather
CN113243591A (zh) * 2020-02-07 2021-08-13 广东海洋大学 一种智能防护服
CN113243584A (zh) * 2020-02-12 2021-08-13 武汉益永康医疗科技有限公司 防护服内温湿度控制系统
EP4173511A4 (fr) * 2020-06-24 2023-11-15 Henan Tuoren Medical Device Co., Ltd Combinaison de protection ayant un dispositif d'alimentation en air
EP4108215A1 (fr) * 2021-06-23 2022-12-28 CH Creative Co., Ltd. Procédé portatif de refroidissement d'air de surface d'un corps et dispositif associé
RU2787161C1 (ru) * 2021-12-22 2022-12-29 Владимир Викторович Михайлов Портативное (мобильное) переносное устройство подогрева вдыхаемого воздуха (варианты)
DE102023002597A1 (de) 2022-07-05 2024-01-11 Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co Kg Klimatisierbarer Anzug
CN117045995A (zh) * 2023-07-18 2023-11-14 广州大学 一种防护服冷却系统及防护服
RU2827078C1 (ru) * 2023-12-28 2024-09-23 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Тамбовский государственный технический университет" (ФГБОУ ВО "ТГТУ") Тренажер самоспасателя для горнодобывающей промышленности

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