EP2817210B1 - Coupling element, lowering device, and boat - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a coupling element for a crane, or a launching device, in particular a davit, for producing a releasable frictional connection between a load to be supported, in particular a boat, and a rope-like support member, in particular a suspension cable, with a cable connection between the rope-like support member and the coupling element, a load connection between the load and the coupling element, a locking and Endriegelungsmechanismus for changing between an open position in which the load is released from the rope-like support member, and a closed position in which the load is positively connected to the rope-like support member.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a launching device for exposing a buoyant object, in particular a boat, from a deck, in particular from a ship or an off-shore facility and a boat with a receptacle for a launching device.

Various arrangements are known in the prior art for letting boats, lifeboats, life rafts or liferafts into the water by means of a launching device from a deck of a marine station or from a ship, each providing a detachable connection, the proximity the water surface is released, so that the rescue object can separate from the base.

A boat, especially a lifeboat, is the most important collective life-saving tool on ships. Boats are to be understood as all configurations that serve to rescue people from ships, regardless of their size, or from platforms such as off-shore platforms at sea. A boat can be launched quickly via a special launching device In addition, boats are provided with facilities and equipment to protect shipwrecked crew and passengers, and to ensure that survivors are saved from drowning until assistance is provided. On board of seagoing vessels, boats of sufficient number are ideally carried. In the event of a shipwreck or other life-threatening events for people on board, they should be able to retreat into the boats and leave the danger zone.

A davit is a metal launching device that has approximately the shape of a crane with a boom and is located near the side of larger ships. By means of a davit boom boats can be called, namely suspended or brought up.

The gravity davit is the usual and also prescribed variant on ships, as this does not require energy to fuse the boat, i. that the boat in the davit can be suspended by persons, whereby only one of the people in the boat has to release the rope brake to let the boat into the water and then release it.

In addition, a free-fall davit is known, with the help of a fully occupied boat from its Pallung can fall freely into the water. The freefall davit is used in this case only for catching and stowing the boat.

Further, in the prior art, a Caley davit is known. In this variant of the davit, the boat hangs on only one hotspot and is rigidly connected to the ship until shortly over the water surface gefiert and only deposited there and automatically disengaged. Here, the hanging on the davit boat is held by means of ropes in position, so it can not twist on the davit boom.

Furthermore, in the prior art, a hook is known, which is attached to a rope, a Talje or a rope hook, which is used to hot or Fieren of objects, especially boats, in particular such Hot hooks under load must be triggerable to let boats from ships and offshore facilities on the water surface or unhook. On the one hand, to prevent a boat from falling too early into the water and thereby injuring or killing people, on the other hand, it should be possible for the boat to be released even under the particular circumstances of the emergency situation a hook is under load although the boat could be loosened. These hooks usually have a hydraulic lock, in which a lever pushes the suspension member over the hook tip.

From the publication DE 86 28 297 U1 discloses a device for raising and lowering a dinghy on board seagoing pleasure craft. The device for raising and lowering a dinghy on board seagoing recreational vessels consists of a supporting part attached to the deck of the ship, a boom mounted on the supporting part and a winding device, for example a rope or a belt, whose loose end is attached to the dinghy. Such cantilever arms are referred to as launchers or davit.

Next is from the DE 299 11 729 U1 a davit device for ships is known, which serves for handling and / or to let water of a boat. Here, the boat is attached to the free end of a rotatably mounted pivot arm, the boat can be left by means of a rope assembly to the water. The swivel arm is designed so that the boat can be swung from the deck area next to the ship's deck and then lowered into the water.

From the DE 20 2010 011 257 U1 is a device for exposing a buoyant object, such as a boat, a rescue boat or a life raft known, here being arranged on deck of a ship or a platform in a sea area crane or davit is mounted about a vertical axis rotatably mounted on the deck. By means of a pivot bearing can do so the boom with a buoyant object attached to this boom are turned out onto the water and left there to water.

From the DE 1 506 305 A a boat launching device for ships is known with a boom, at the free end of a boat with ropes is appended, wherein the boom is guided in an outboard directed and downwardly inclined slideway telescopically.

Next is from the DE 957 549 B a triggering device for a suspended on a hoist load, eg. As for a boat, disclosed using a clutch, the load is released from a secure state and is released, so that the load, for. As a boat, can be suspended on the water.

Furthermore, from the DE 20 2010 001 993 U1 a coupling device for cooperating with a hot device for hot and fieren a boat known, wherein a coupling means with an open position and a closed position is brought into engagement with a rope, optionally locked or opened. Here, the rope is held by a hook which is secured on the open side by a counter element, so that the rope can not be removed unintentionally from the hook.

The publication DE 1 202 673 B discloses a triggering device for releasing loads, in particular boats or rescue rafts, wherein a load cable located on a hook is securely held by a locking mechanism arranged on the open side of the hook. To release the held in the hook tether relative movement of the hook takes place by means of a release mechanism.

Furthermore, from the DE 28 14 805 A1 a device for releasably attaching a load known in which a between a holding position and a release position tiltably arranged hook in conjunction with a Locking member holds a rope until released by a trigger mechanism of the load hook by rotation about a pivot point the held rope.

From the EP 1 512 621 A2 is known a trigger mechanism for a boat in which a hook is movably mounted. This hook has a concave surface at its lower end. Further, a locking mechanism having a convex surface is also movably mounted. In a locking mode, the convex surface of the locking mechanism is placed against the concave surface of the hook. For releasing the convex surface is arranged below the concave surface, whereby the hook rotates about a pivot point arranged in the upper region, thus releasing the opening and ultimately the holding element, such as a rope releases.

The problem with the known arrangements in the prior art with respect to the launching device and to the coupling device for connecting the boat to the launching device is on the one hand the large installation height of the coupling device and, on the other hand, the problem of stabilization and rotational stabilization of the boat relative to the ship from which it is is discontinued.

The present invention has for its object to provide an arrangement that makes it possible, on the one hand to allow space-saving accommodation of a launching device and a coupling element and on the other to install the triggering device in a protected area within the coupling element. It is aimed at a shortest possible length, with an exposed position of the trigger mechanism is to be prevented. It is another object of the invention to provide a pendulum-poor coupling element and a pendulum arms intermittent device with a coupling element by means of which, on the one hand, a rotation of a load, in particular a boat, on the coupling element and the intermittent device is prevented.

These objects are achieved with a coupling element according to claim 1, a launching device according to claim 12 and a boat according to claim 18 and the further subclaims.

Characterized in that the coupling element consists of a frustoconical receiving cone and the receiving cone receiving cylinder, wherein the receiving cone is arranged with its base on the load or on a load arranged on the receiving base, the cylinder pendulum suspension for permanent connection with the end of the crane jib, the launching device, in particular of the davit, the cylinder has a cable feedthrough for the rope-like support member, and between the receiving cone and the rope-like support member, the load connection is made by means of the locking and Endriegelungsmechanismus, wherein when used as intended in a closed position of the frusto-conical receiving cone with the the receiving cone receiving cylinder enters into a frictional connection and the rope-like support member is present in a tensioned state, a torsion-resistant and pendulum-poor suspension is realized.

In the outer board position takes place by the coupling element a significant stabilization of the load or a boat, whereby the security is significantly increased because the pendulum motion is significantly reduced by the inventive design of the coupling element.

When a boat is being fished, in particular when it is being caught with the aid of the coupling element, an automatic alignment of the boat takes place due to the conical design in combination with the cylinder. The self-adjustment significantly reduces the time for a boat to fish.

Another particular advantage is that the locking and Endriegelungsmechanismus is a hot hook with a triggering device. The fact that the locking and Endriegelungsmechanismus, in particular the hot hooks is arranged in the cylinder wall enclosed by the cylinder chamber, is the greatest possible Protection against damage and unintentional release guaranteed by external influences. The locking and Endriegelungsmechanismus, in particular the hooks, is encapsulated from external influences.

The hot hook has a load-bearing hook portion and a preferably fixed pawl closing the open region of the load-bearing hook portion. This ensures that accidental slipping of the guided over the load-bearing hook portion portion of the rope-like support member is prevented, since an approximately closed ring is formed.

Characterized in that the load-bearing hook portion is designed folded away under load, wherein the load-bearing hook portion is rotatable about a pivot point and secured in a securing point by means of the triggering device and a movable by the trigger locking pin before folding away, wherein the Wegklapprichtung formed opposite to the opening of the load-bearing hook portion is, the load-bearing hook portion can be opened and folded even at full load, so that the attached load, especially the boat is released.

If the locking and locking mechanism, in particular the hooks, on the blunt tip of the receiving cone is arranged, the minimum height is guaranteed at the same time sufficient protection against damage.

Characterized in that on the receiving cone-facing side of the cylinder at least one, more preferably two V-shaped receptacles in the wall of the cylinder are provided and the receiving cone at least one, preferably two alignment elements, particularly preferably in the form of a round rod, wherein the alignment element is aligned perpendicular to the axis of the receiving cone and is preferably arranged in the region of the cylinder-facing side of the receiving cone, wherein the alignment element in a state of use in the Closed position is located in the V-shaped receptacle, an exact alignment of the load is achieved by means of the coupling element, wherein a rotation of the load on the coupling element is excluded even with very strong forces. In particular, this is a self-centering.

Characterized in that the cylinder on the receiving cone-facing side of the cylinder has a frustoconical cylinder wall for receiving the receiving cone, the receiving area of the cylinder is perfectly matched to the cone, so that the areal overlap area is significantly increased and thus a better Reibhaftung is realized.

If spacer elements, preferably polyamide elements, are provided on the lateral surface of the receiving cone, a loosening of the connection between the cylinder and the receiving cone takes place when the tension of the rope-like support element is released.

In particular, the cylinder wall is formed perforated, whereby on the one hand the weight is reduced and on the other hand an engagement in the cylinder space is possible.

For further improvement, a vibration damping element is arranged in the region of the pendulum suspension, wherein a vibration relative to the crane, the launching device, in particular of the davit is considerably reduced. This vibration damping element is particularly preferably a hydraulically operated damping arrangement, which is arranged with one side on the cylinder and / or the pendulum suspension and is arranged with the other side on the crane, the launching device, in particular the davit. The arrangement may also have two damping elements which are only fixedly arranged on the cylinder and / or the pendulum suspension, which can be assumed as an abutment of the crane, the boom of the crane, the launching device, in particular the davit and so no bilateral non-positive permanent connection is necessary.

The launching device for exposing a buoyant object, in particular a boat, from a deck, in particular from a ship or an off-shore facility, is provided with a davit, a coupling element according to the invention, a cable arrangement comprising a cable-like support element, in particular carrying cable, and a cable winch , wherein one end of the rope-like support element is connected to the winch and the other end with a connection for the coupling element, in particular an eyelet and / or a coupling ring formed. As a result, the settling of a boat near the water surface is possible, whereby a rotation of the boat is prevented relative to the davit and also a pendulum-poor suspension is ensured.

In a preferred embodiment, the davit has a two-legged base, with the two legs of the davit uniting at a common point in which the cylinder of the coupling element according to the invention and the buoyant object arranged thereon, in particular a boat, are arranged in a hedged position in a pendulous manner , and the connection of the cylinder to the davit is realized via the pendulum suspension.

When the davit is placed between two decks, more preferably at the bottom of the upper deck between which the davit is located, a boat can be safely stored aboard a ship or off-shore facility.

Characterized in that the davit is designed with one arm and is preferably formed pivotable about a pivot point, the boat provided on the davit can be stored in the swivel range of the davit.

Because the length of the deployed and / or extended davits is approximately equal to the height of the deck above the water surface at average ship loading, or about the height of the deck of an off-shore rig to the water surface, the davit is capable of carrying the boat down to the water surface and settle there, during the The entire boat Fiervorganges the boat pendelarm and rotation is arranged on the davit.

If the vibration damping element via hydraulic throttle valves are controllable damping cylinders, which are arranged to damp the pendulum motion of the coupling element in the hedged position, between the end of the jib of the davit and the pendulum suspension of the cylinder, the pendulum motion is maximally damped.

There is a connection between the recording cone and the boat. This connection can be made by a screw, wherein the receiving cone is screwed to the boat. Alternative attachments include, for example, lamination during the manufacture of the hull of the boat. In the arrangement of the recording cone is particularly preferred to use the physical center of gravity, since there is a horizontal orientation, wherein in the calculation of the center of gravity should also be considered any loading with people. Further, a receiving base can be provided between the receiving cone and the boat, so that depending on the configuration, a higher construction height is possible.

Of particular advantage is the low construction height of the arranged on the boat receiving cone. In addition to the low construction height and the space requirement on the boat itself is very low. In the uncoupled state, there is also hardly any risk of injury from passengers traveling along, since the cone shape of the receiving cone is bevelled all around and has only a few possibilities of injury.

The fact that the control is arranged to open and close the locking and Endriegelungsmechanismus on the boat, the release of the boat can be done. All escaping people who have to leave a ship in distress, for example, can board the boat and release the rope from there.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. There will be a description with reference to all accompanying drawings, wherein not all drawings of all details of the coupling element according to the invention are provided with reference numerals, otherwise the individual details are no longer present.

Fig. 1a

eine schematische Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Koppelelementes in einer Schnitt-/ Ansichtszeichnung in einer Frontansicht;

Fig. 1b

eine schematische Darstellung des aus Fig. 1a gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Koppelelementes in einer Schnitt-/ Ansichtszeichnung in einer Seitenansicht;

Fig. 2a

eine schematische Darstellung des aus Fig. 1a und 1b bekannten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Zylinders des Koppelelementes in einer Frontansicht;

Fig. 2b

eine schematische Darstellung des aus Fig. 1a und 1 b sowie 2a bekannten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Zylinders des Koppelelementes in einer Draufsicht von oben;

Fig. 3a

eine schematische Darstellung des aus Fig. 1 a und 1 b bekannten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Aufnahmekonus des Koppelelementes in einer Frontansicht;

Fig. 3b

eine schematische Darstellung des aus Fig. 1 a und 1 b sowie 3a bekannten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Aufnahmekonus des Koppelelementes in einer Seitenansicht;

Fig. 3c

eine schematische Darstellung des aus Fig. 1 a und 1 b sowie 3a und 3b bekannten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Aufnahmekonus des Koppelelementes in einer Draufsicht von oben;

Fig. 4a

eine schematische Darstellung des aus den bisherigen Figuren bekannten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Koppelelementes an einem Davit in einer Frontansicht;

Fig. 4b

eine schematische Darstellung des aus den bisherigen Figuren bekannten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Koppelelementes an einem Davit in einer Seitenansicht;

Fig. 4c

eine schematische Darstellung des aus den bisherigen Figuren bekannten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Zylinders des Koppelelementes an einem Davit in einer Seitenansicht in einer Ruhelage und zwei maximalen Auslenkungen;

Fig. 5a

eine schematische Darstellung des aus den bisherigen Figuren bekannten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Koppelelementes mit einem an dem Aufnahmekonus angeordneten Boot, wobei das Koppelelement erfindungsgemäß an einem Davit angeordnet ist, der Davit auf einem Schiffsdeck befestigt ist und sich in einem eingefahrenen Zustand befindet;

Fig. 5b

eine schematische Darstellung des aus den bisherigen Figuren bekannten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Koppelelementes mit einem an dem Aufnahmekonus angeordneten Boot, wobei das Koppelelement erfindungsgemäß an einem Davit angeordnet ist, der Davit auf einem Schiffsdeck befestigt ist und sich in einem ausgefahrenen Zustand befindet;

Fig. 6a

eine schematische Darstellung des aus den bisherigen Figuren bekannten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Koppelelementes an einem Boot in einer Seitenansicht und

Fig. 6b

eine schematische Darstellung des aus den bisherigen Figuren bekannten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Aufnahmekonus des Koppelelementes an einem Boot in einer Seitenansicht.

Show:

Fig. 1a

a schematic representation of an embodiment of the coupling element according to the invention in a sectional / view drawing in a front view;

Fig. 1b

a schematic representation of the Fig. 1a shown embodiment of the coupling element according to the invention in a sectional / view drawing in a side view;

Fig. 2a

a schematic representation of the Fig. 1a and 1b known embodiment of the cylinder of the coupling element according to the invention in a front view;

Fig. 2b

a schematic representation of the Fig. 1a and 1b and 2a known embodiment of the cylinder of the coupling element according to the invention in a plan view from above;

Fig. 3a

a schematic representation of the Fig. 1 a and 1 b known embodiment of the recording cone of the coupling element according to the invention in a front view;

Fig. 3b

a schematic representation of the Fig. 1 a and 1 b and 3a known embodiment of the receiving cone of the coupling element according to the invention in a side view;

Fig. 3c

a schematic representation of the Fig. 1 a and 1 b and 3a and 3b known embodiment of the receiving cone of the coupling element according to the invention in a plan view from above;

Fig. 4a

a schematic representation of the known from the previous figures embodiment of the coupling element according to the invention on a davit in a front view;

Fig. 4b

a schematic representation of the known from the previous figures embodiment of the coupling element according to the invention on a davit in a side view;

Fig. 4c

a schematic representation of the known from the previous figures embodiment of the cylinder of the coupling element according to the invention on a davit in a side view in a rest position and two maximum deflections;

Fig. 5a

a schematic representation of the known from the previous figures embodiment of the coupling element according to the invention with a arranged on the receiving cone boat, the coupling element according to the invention is arranged on a davit, the davit is mounted on a ship's deck and is in a retracted state;

Fig. 5b

a schematic representation of the known from the previous figures embodiment of the coupling element according to the invention with a arranged on the receiving cone boat, the coupling element according to the invention is arranged on a davit, the davit is mounted on a ship's deck and is in an extended state;

Fig. 6a

a schematic representation of the known from the previous figures embodiment of the coupling element according to the invention on a boat in a side view and

Fig. 6b

a schematic representation of the known from the previous figures embodiment of the recording cone of the coupling element according to the invention on a boat in a side view.

The figures below are detailed

In Fig. 1a is a schematic representation of an embodiment of the coupling element 1 according to the invention in a sectional / view drawing in a front view.

The coupling element 1 consists of a cylinder 15, a receiving cone 14, a pendulum receptacle 16 and a locking and locking mechanism 13 and has on the one coupling side a cable connection 11 and on the other coupling side a load connection 12.

The cylinder 15 consists of a cylinder wall 154, which spans a cylinder chamber 151. On the upper side, the top surface of the cylinder 15, a cylinder cover is provided in which a cable feedthrough 155 is provided. Through this rope feedthrough, a carrying cable 31 is guided into the interior, the cylinder space 151. Next, the pendulum suspension 16 is provided on the top surface of the cylinder 15, which connects the cylinder 15 permanently with a launching device or a davit 3.

On the base side of the cylinder 15, the receiving cone-facing side 152 of the cylinder 15 is formed open. On this receiving cone-facing side 152 154 two V-shaped receptacles 153 are incorporated in the cylinder wall, which serve to receive alignment elements 141. Next are for stiffening in the area of the cylinder 154 on the Receiving cone-facing side 152 reinforcing plates arranged, which increase the stability and resilience.

The receiving cone-facing side 152 of the cylinder 15 is cone-shaped, so that the receiving cone 14 can penetrate into the cylinder space 151.

The receiving cone 14 is cone-shaped and has the shape of a truncated cone. On the top surface of the receiving cone 14, namely the cylinder-facing side 144, the locking and locking mechanism 13 of the embodiment is arranged and permanently connected to the receiving cone 14.

The base of the cone 142 provides the load connection 12 with a load, in this embodiment with a boat 2 ago. The receiving cone 14 has for connection to the load 2 a bolt connection 22, by means of which a permanent connection with the load 2 is realized.

Further, 14 spacer elements 143 are applied in the form of elongated and flat Poliamidkörpern on the outer surface of the truncated cone-like receiving cone 14, which ensure easier solubility between the receiving cone 14 and the cylinder 15.

Further, the receiving cone 14 in the region of the cylinder-facing side 144 radially outgoing from the cone axis alignment elements 141 in the form of a rod which thread into the V-shaped receptacle 154 of the cylinder 15 and prevent there rotation of the receiving cone 14 relative to the cylinder 15 ,

The locking and locking mechanism 13 consists in this embodiment of a hot hook 131. This hooks 131 comprises a load-bearing hook portion 132 and a pawl 133rd

The load-bearing hook portion 132 can be pivoted about a pivot 135 backwards, whereby the open side is released. The pawl 133 is rigid in this embodiment.

The load-bearing hook portion 132 is secured in a securing point 136 by a bolt, which can be removed via a triggering device 134. Alternatively, the load bearing hook portion 132 may also be tilted rearwardly via a differently configured release mechanism 134 so as to expose the opening of the load bearing hook 132. For this purpose, for example, hydraulic or electrical systems are possible, but also a pyrotechnic release option can be considered for this purpose.

The guided through the cable duct 155 support cable 31 is mounted in the cylinder interior 154 by means of an eyelet 311 on a coupling ring 312 on the load-bearing hook 132. As a result, attached to the receiving cone 14 load 2 is attached to the support cable 31.

Furthermore, the same reference numerals are always used for the same elements. Essentially, the understanding of the other figures on the description of FIG. 1a directed.

In Fig. 1b is a schematic representation of the Fig. 1a shown embodiment of the coupling element 1 according to the invention in a sectional / view drawing in a side view.

It is attributed to the description of the figures Fig. 1a directed.

In Fig. 2a is a schematic representation of the Fig. 1a and 1b known embodiment of the cylinder 15 of the coupling element 1 according to the invention shown in a front view.

In this figure, the details of the pendulum suspension 16 are shown, in which case additionally the davit 3 is shown.

The davit 3 has to guide the support cable 31 a plurality of pulleys 313, one of which is shown in this figure.

The shown section of the davit 3 also simultaneously represents a common point 33, in which the two-legged base 32 of the davit 3 shown later in this embodiment unites.

In this figure, the receiving cone 14 is not disposed within the cylinder 15, wherein the supporting cable 31 of the davit 3 is without tension or without load. This position represents the open position. The davit 3 is virtually load-free. There is no boat 2 on the davit 3.

A boat 2 with a receiving cone 14 equipped according to the invention could now be captured and detained by means of the davit 3 on board a ship.

In Fig. 2b is a schematic representation of the Fig. 1a and 1b and 2a known embodiment of the inventive cylinder 15 of the coupling element 1 in a plan view from above.

In this plan view, the top surface of the cylinder 15 is shown, on which the receptacle 16 is arranged. Also clearly visible are the cable feedthrough 155 and the two V-shaped receptacles 153.

In Fig. 3a is a schematic representation of the Fig. 1a and 1b known embodiment of the recording cone 14 of the coupling element 1 according to the invention in a sectional / front view.

Here, in particular, the details of the locking and locking mechanism 13 can be seen well, and this is fixed to the receiving cone 14.

In Fig. 3b is a schematic representation of the Fig. 1a and 1b 3a and 3a known embodiment of the recording cone 14 of the coupling element 1 according to the invention shown in a side view.

In this side view, the arrangement of the alignment element 141 is easy to remove. The alignment member 141 consists essentially of a solid rod.

In Fig. 3c is a schematic representation of the Fig. 1a and 1b as well as 3a and 3b known embodiment of the receiving cone 14 according to the invention of the coupling element 1 in a plan view from above.

The arrangement of the spacer elements 143 and the alignment elements 141 is shown here.

Also, the relative orientation of the alignment member 141 and the locking and Endriegelungsmechanismus 13 is easy to remove. These are arranged perpendicular to each other in this embodiment.

In Fig. 4a is a schematic representation of the known from the previous figures embodiment of the coupling element 1 according to the invention shown on a davit 3 in a front view.

In this figure, the receiving cone 14 is frictionally disposed within the cylinder 15, wherein the support cable 31 of the davit 3 is tensioned. This position represents the closed position.

In Fig. 4b is a schematic representation of the known from the previous figures embodiment of the coupling element 1 of the invention on a davit 3 shown in a side view.

In this figure, the main focus is on the particular embodiment of a preferably arranged or provided

Vibration damping element 161, which is designed in this embodiment as a hydraulic cylinder 161.

The hydraulic cylinder is arranged with its housing on the davit 3 and connected to the piston side of the pendulum suspension 16 of the cylinder 15, so that a pendulum movement of the cylinder 15 is considerably reduced by the hydraulic cylinder 161.

Further, this figure is arranged on a shock absorber 314 pulley 313 removed. This combination allows a virtually jerk-free or gentle hot the load or the boat 2.

In Fig. 4c is a schematic representation of the known from the previous figures embodiment of the inventive cylinder 15 of the coupling element 1 on a davit 3 in a side view in a rest position 15 and two maximum deflections 15 'and 15 "shown.

The maximum deflection of the cylinder 15, which is attached via the pendulum suspension 16 to the davit 3, in this embodiment is about 20 degrees on both sides, namely 15 'and 15 ", whereby a relatively quiet position of the boat 2 is ensured.

In Fig. 5a is a schematic representation of the known from the previous figures embodiment of the coupling element 1 according to the invention with a arranged on the receiving cone 14 boat 2, wherein the coupling element 1 according to the invention is arranged on a davit 3, the davit 3 is mounted on a ship deck 4 and in a retracted state is located.

In this embodiment of the davit 3, a biped base 32 is used, which is mounted on the ship deck 4. All details of the davit 3 are shown, whereby the guidance of the supporting cable 31 as well as the adjusting means for adjusting the davit 3 are also clearly visible.

There are corresponding hydraulic or electrical adjustment means used to extend the davit 3 and so to drive the arranged on the coupling element 1 boat 2 over curb out to let it there to water. Particularly preferred is the embodiment of the davit 3 as a gravity davit.

In Fig. 5b is a schematic representation of the known from the previous figures embodiment of the coupling element 1 according to the invention with a arranged on the receiving cone 14 boat 2, wherein the coupling element 1 according to the invention is arranged on a davit 3, the davit 3 is mounted on a ship deck 4 and in is in an extended state.

In this extended state of the davit 3, the outboard boat 2 can be launched into the water by means of a cable winch or only by releasing a gravity brake, the support rope 31 down the boat 2, where it decoupled from the locking and locking mechanism 13 becomes. Alternatively, at not too great height, the boat 2 can also be decoupled via the locking and locking mechanism 13 and fall into the water.

In Fig. 6a is a schematic representation of the known from the previous figures embodiment of the coupling element 1 according to the invention on a boat 2 shown in a side view.

The receiving cone 14 is connected in this embodiment via a receiving base 21 to the boat 2.

The receiving cone 14 is frictionally connected to the cylinder 15, wherein the support cable 31 is tensioned. It is realized a connection with the mother ship.

In Fig. 6b is a schematic representation of the known from the previous figures embodiment of the receiving cone 14 according to the invention of the coupling element 1 on a boat 2 shown in a side view.

Now there is no connection between the boat 2 and the mothership.

The illustrated embodiments are not exhaustive, but merely represent possible embodiments of the coupling element 1 according to the invention, the boat 2 and the launching device or the davit 3.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

coupling element

11

cable connection

12

load connection

13

Locking and locking mechanism

131

release gear

132

load-bearing hook section

133

pawl

134

triggering device

135

pivot point

136

savepoint

14

receiving cone

141

alignment elements

142

Floor space

143

spacer

144

Cylinder-facing side

15

cylinder

151

cylinder space

152

Recording cone-facing side

153

V-shaped recording

154

cylinder

155

Rope through

16

pendulum suspension

161

Vibration damping element, hydraulic cylinder

2

Boat, load

21

receiving base

22

bolt connection

3

Launching device, davit

31

Carrying rope, rope-like carrying element

311

eyelet

312

coupling ring

313

idler pulley

314

shock absorber

32

bipedal base

33

common point

4

deck

Claims (15)

1. A coupling element (1) for a crane, or a lowering device, in particular a davit (3),
   for producing a detachable, force-locked connection between a load to be borne, in particular a boat (2), and a cable-like bearing element, in particular a bearing cable (31),
   having
   a cable connection (11) between the cable-like bearing element (31) and the coupling element (1),
   a load connection (12) between the load (2) and the coupling element (1),
   a locking and unlocking mechanism (13) to change between an open position in which the load (2) is released by the cable-like bearing element (31) and a closed position in which the load (2) is connected to the cable-like bearing element (31) in a force-locked manner,
   characterized in that
   the coupling element (1) consists of a truncated-cone-shaped receiving cone (14) and a cylinder (15) receiving the receiving cone (14),
   wherein
   the receiving cone (14) is arranged with its base (142) on the load (2) or on a receiving base (21) arranged on the load (2),
   the cylinder (15) has a pendulum suspension (16) for lasting connection to the end of the crane jib, of the lowering device, in particular of the davit (3),
   the cylinder (15) has a cable feedthrough (155) for the cable-like bearing element (31), and the load connection (12) is produced between the receiving cone (14) and the cable-like bearing element (31) by means of the locking and unlocking mechanism (13).
2. A coupling element (1) according to claim 1,
   characterized in that
   the locking and unlocking mechanism (13) is a hoisting hook (131) with a release device (134).
3. A coupling element (1) according to claim 2,
   characterized in that the locking and unlocking mechanism (13), in particular the hoisting hook (131), is arranged in the cylinder chamber (151) enclosed by the cylinder wall (154).
4. A coupling element (1) according to claim 2 or 3,
   characterized in that
   the hoisting hook (131) has a load-bearing hook portion (132) and a catch (133) closing the open region of the load-bearing hook portion (132).
5. A coupling element (1) according to claim 2, 3 or 4,
   characterized in that
   the load-bearing hook portion (132) can be swung away upon loading, wherein the load-bearing hook portion (132) is rotatable about a pivot (135) and before swinging away is secured at a securing point (136) by means of the release device (134) and a securing pin movable by the release device (134), wherein the swing-away direction is against the opening of the load-bearing hook portion (132).
6. A coupling element (1) according to any one of claims 2 to 5,
   characterized in that
   the locking and unlocking mechanism (13), in particular the hoisting hook (131), is arranged on the truncated apex of the receiving cone (14) and/or within the receiving cone (14).
7. A coupling element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that
   on the receiving-cone-facing side (152) of the cylinder (15) there are provided at least one, particularly preferred two, V-shaped receivers (153) in the wall of the cylinder (15)
   and
   the receiving cone (14) has at least one, preferably two, orientation elements (141), particularly preferred in the form of a round bar, wherein the orientation element (141) is oriented perpendicular to the axis of the receiving cone (141) and is preferably arranged in the region of the cylinder-facing side (144) of the receiving cone (14),
   wherein the orientation element (141) is in a state in line with usage located in the V-shaped receiver (153) in the closed position.
8. A coupling element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that
   on the receiving-cone-facing side (152) of the cylinder (15), the cylinder (15) has a truncated-cone-shaped cylinder wall (154) for receiving the receiving cone (14).
9. A coupling element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that spacer elements (143), preferably polyamide elements, are provided on the outer surface of the receiving cone (14).
10. A coupling element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    an oscillation damping element (161) is arranged in the region of the pendulum suspension (16), wherein oscillation with respect to the crane, the lowering device, in particular the davit, is reduced.
11. A lowering device (3) for lowering a buoyant object, in particular a boat (2), from a deck (4), in particular from a ship or an off-shore installation,
    having
    a davit (3),
    a coupling element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, a cable arrangement, comprising a cable-like bearing element (31), in particular bearing cable, and a cable winch, wherein one end of the cable-like bearing element is connected to the cable winch and the other end has a connection for the coupling element (1), in particular an eye (311) and/or a coupling ring (312).
12. A lowering device (3) according to claim 11,
    characterized in that
    the davit (3) has a two-legged base (32),
    wherein the two legs (32) of the davit (3) unite at a common point (33) at which the cylinder (15) of the coupling element (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 11 and the buoyant object arranged thereon, in particular a boat (2), are arranged in a low-oscillation manner in a hoisted position.
    or
    the davit (3) is arranged between two decks (4), particularly preferred at the underside of the upper deck between which decks the davit (3) is arranged, wherein the davit (3) is preferably one-armed and is preferably pivotable about a pivot.
13. A lowering device (3) according to claim 11 or 12,
    characterized in that
    the length of the swung-out and/or extended davit (3) corresponds substantially to the height of the deck above the water surface with average loading of the ship or substantially to the height of the deck of an off-shore installation from the water surface.
14. A lowering device (3) according to any one of claims 11 to 13,
    characterized in that
    the oscillation damping element (161) is damping cylinders controllable via hydraulic throttle valves, which damping cylinders are arranged between the end of the jib of the davit (3) and the pendulum suspension (16) of the cylinder (15) to dampen the reciprocating motion of the coupling element (1) in the hoisted position.
15. A boat (2) with a receiving cone (14) for a coupling element (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
    wherein
    there is a lasting connection between the receiving cone (14) and the boat (2),
    preferably
    a receiving base (21) is provided between the receiving cone (14) and the boat (2),
    and/or
    the control means to open and close the locking and unlocking mechanism (13) is arranged on the boat (2).

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