EP2806078A1 - Wood lamella for producing wooden structural elements and process for their production - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a wooden lamella for the production of structural timber components, for example of cross-laminated timber, cross-laminated board (1) or beam elements (1 '), and a method for their preparation. According to the invention, the wooden lamella is designed as a hollow lamella (10) and consists of several layers (a, b, c) of parallel aligned, glued individual boards (2), wherein in at least one layer (b) the individual boards (2) arranged at a lateral distance from each other are and form cavities (3).

Description

The invention relates to a wooden lamella for the production of structural timber components, for example of cross-laminated timber, cross-laminated timber panels or beam elements, structural timber components produced with such wooden lamellae, for example, cross-laminated board or beam elements, and a method for the production of wood laths.

The product cross laminated timber (also referred to as thick wood, X-Lam, BSP or cross laminated wood) has recently gained great importance in the construction industry. These are large-scale elements for wall, ceiling or roof, which consist of preferably crosswise glued wooden slats (solid wood boards), with floor to ceiling walls are made for example in the format of 3 mx 16 m, which consist of three to seven layers of wood depending on use and Have thicknesses of about 60 mm to 300 mm.

Cross laminated timber is usually produced industrially, with mostly boards of dry softwood being used as raw material for the individual layers. These are glued together with adhesives approved for load-bearing timber components.

In order to reduce weight, it is known in multilayer wood components or building panels made of wood materials between two cover layers of thin chip, solid wood or plywood to use a middle layer of solid wood, in which a cell-like structure is milled or cut, creating internal cavities in the building board. The middle layer is made of sideways (marginal boards from the log, sometimes with tree edge) or main product, all softwood and hardwood species are suitable.

From the EP 2 128 354 A2 is a timber wall element known, which in each case has spaced-apart support elements in two planes, wherein adjacent support elements of different levels overlap at their longitudinal edges. The support elements are miteinender connected in the overlap areas on strip-shaped coupling elements and covered on both sides with a Oberflächenbeplankung. The timber construction wall element is characterized by high sound insulation and decoupling.

Furthermore, is from the AT 503 225 B1 a wooden building board known, which serves as a construction element for ceilings, walls or roofs of a room. The wooden building board consists of several interconnected layers, which on one build up a base layer formed by a transverse layer or plate. With the transverse layer a ribbed layer is connected, which consists of individual elements - constructed of parallel glued boards of increasing width - whose cross-section increases outwards to the panel flat side. The thus formed, outwardly open, elongated cavities serve to accommodate installation material and / or sound or heat-insulating material.

From the DE 93 173 54 U1 a wooden building board for walls, ceilings or roofs is known, which consists of several layers of Einzelelementenenten (single boards). The individual elements of an intermediate layer are arranged at a distance from each other, wherein the resulting free spaces form installation channels.

Finally, out of the EP 1 881 124 A2 a lightweight board, for example as an acoustic panel or furniture board, known, which consists of solid wood slats, which have lateral recesses for weight saving, which are produced by milling. By lateral bonding of solid wood slats lying cavities of different cross-sectional shapes are formed in the lightweight board.

The object of the invention is to improve wooden slats for the production of structural timber components, for example of cross-laminated timber, cross-laminated timber, or beam elements, or their production in terms of material savings and weight reduction at approximately constant strength values, with a resource-saving production is to be made possible.

According to the invention this object is achieved in that the wood slat is designed as a hollow slat and consists of several layers of parallel aligned, glued together individual boards, wherein in at least one layer, the individual boards are at least partially arranged with lateral spacing from one another and form cavities.

The cavities may at least partially accommodate installation material, heat-insulating material and / or sound-absorbing material. The cavities can also be arranged in an outer layer or cover layer of individual boards and serve, for example, to accommodate installation conduits.

In contrast to the prior art, the invention in a first step, hollow slats (composite elements of individual boards) produced and can then be assembled in a second step by laminar, multilayer gluing the hollow slats completely flexible to a large-sized, structural timber component. The structural timber components can - depending on the purpose - Fully made of hollow slats best, or at least partially have solid wood slats in individual layers.

The individual boards may have a thickness of 0.5 cm to 5 cm, preferably 10 mm to 20 mm, and be made, for example, at least partially obtained from sawmill waste or sidewalls.

Hollow slats can be made from sawn, thick calibrated or planed single boards.

• Verleimen von mehreren Lagen, vorzugsweise von drei Lagen, von parallel zueinander ausgerichteten Einzelbrettern zu einer flächigen Tafel, wobei die Einzelbretter zumindest in einer Lage zumindest teilweise mit seitlichem Abstand zueinander angeordnet werden, sowie,
• Auftrennen der flächigen Tafel durch parallel zu den Einzelbrettern geführte Sägeschnitte, wobei die Schnittebene im Wesentlichen normal auf die Ebene der flächigen Tafel steht.

A method according to the invention for producing hollow slats is characterized by the following steps:

• Gluing of several layers, preferably of three layers, of mutually parallel single boards to a two-dimensional board, wherein the single boards are arranged at least partially in a layer at a lateral distance from each other, and
• Separate the flat panel by guided parallel to the single boards saw cuts, the cutting plane is substantially normal to the plane of the flat panel.

Fig. 1

eine Tafel aus mehreren Lagen von Einzelbrettern zur Herstellung von erfindungsgemäßen Hohllamellen, in einer Schnittdarstellung normal zur Längsachse der Einzelbretter;

Fig. 2

eine erste Variante einer erfindungsgemäßen Hohllamelle mit einem geschlossenen Hohlraum in einer dreidimensionalen Darstellung;

Fig. 3

eine zweite Variante einer erfindungsgemäßen Hohllamelle mit seitlich offenen Hohlräumen in einer dreidimensionalen Darstellung;

Fig. 4

eine dritte Variante einer erfindungsgemäßen Hohllamelle mit mehreren geschlossenen Hohlräumen in einer dreidimensionalen Darstellung;

Fig. 5

eine mehrlagige Brettsperrholzplatte aus Hohllamellen gemäß Fig. 2; sowie

Fig. 6

ein zweilagiges Balkenelement aus Hohllamellen gemäß Fig. 2.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments. Show it:

Fig. 1

a panel of several layers of single boards for the production of hollow slats according to the invention, in a sectional view normal to the longitudinal axis of the single boards;

Fig. 2

a first variant of a hollow blade according to the invention with a closed cavity in a three-dimensional representation;

Fig. 3

a second variant of a hollow blade according to the invention with laterally open cavities in a three-dimensional representation;

Fig. 4

a third variant of a hollow plate according to the invention with a plurality of closed cavities in a three-dimensional representation;

Fig. 5

a multilayer cross-laminated board made of hollow slats according to Fig. 2 ; such as

Fig. 6

a two-layer beam element of hollow slats according to Fig. 2 ,

For the production of hollow slats according to the invention are - as in Fig. 1 shown - first several layers a, b, c of parallel aligned individual boards 2 glued to a sheet 4, wherein the individual boards 2 of the middle layer b are at least partially arranged with a lateral distance y to each other. In the dargstellten example, the sheet 4 has three layers a, b, c, of individual boards 2 a thickness of 0.5 cm to 5 cm, preferably from 10 mm to 20 mm, but it would also arrangements of, for example, five layers conceivable , wherein in the second and fourth layers formed by board spacing cavities 3 are formed. The height x of the cavities 3 corresponds to the thickness of the individual boards 2 of the layer b, wherein also different board thicknesses can be installed, so that for example the single boards 2 of the outer layers a, c are made thicker than the single boards 2 of the middle layer b.

To manufacture the individual wooden slats 10, the flat panel 4 is separated by saw cuts guided parallel to the individual boards 2, the sectional planes ε standing substantially normal to the plane of the flat panel 4.

Each hollow lamella 10 10 'thus consists of several layers a, b, c aligned parallel, glued individual boards 2, wherein in at least one layer b, the individual boards 2 are at least partially arranged with a lateral distance y to each other and cavities 3, 3' with the length of the single boards 2 train.

For a cut in continuous solid wood areas (as in Fig. 1 indicated) are laterally closed hollow slats according to Fig. 2 or Fig. 4 manufactured, depending on the distance of the cutting planes ε one or more closed on both sides cavities 3.

In a sectional guide in the area of spaced individual boards 2 (through the cavities 3 in Fig. 1 ) are laterally open hollow blades 10 'with two open cavities 3' (see Fig. 3 ) produced.

The slightly wider hollow slat according to Fig. 4 (For example, with a width of 25 cm and a thickness of 3 cm) consists of three layers a, b, c of single boards 2, which are glued together at all contact surfaces, the middle layer b narrower, for example, about half as wide single boards 2, as the outer layers a and c. The lateral impact areas 5 of the individual boards 2 of the outer layers a and c are supported, so that a very stable hollow lamella 10 with three elongated cavities 3 is formed. The individual boards 2 of the inner layer b need not necessarily be cut at right angles at the edges (seamed), so that the optimal use of material results from the at least partial use of side fabric.

Fig. 5 shows a wooden component, for example, a cross-laminated board 1, which consists in the example shown of three layers A, B, C of preferably cross-glued wooden slats 10 or 10 ', in the example shown, all wooden slats by hollow slats 10 according to Fig. 2 are replaced. It is also possible to use only solid wood slats in individual layers, for example in the outer layers A, C for reasons of strength or provide in individual layers, for example in the edge regions solid wood slats same thickness as the hollow slats, if anchoring, mounting or fastening means of the timber component here attack or are trained. Furthermore, soffit profiles can be formed on the edge regions of the timber component.

As with conventional board plywood panels made of solid wood panels, the hollow slats 10, 10 'of adjacent layers A, B, C may include an angle between 45 ° and 90 °, preferably in the range of 90 °.

Fig. 6 shows a wooden component, for example, beam element 1 ', in which the hollow plates 10 of the two layers A and B are aligned parallel to each other. Thus, for example, slim bars and beams can be realized in the framework.

Claims (12)

Wooden lamella for the production of structural timber components, for example of cross-laminated timber, cross-laminated timber panels (1) or beam elements (1 '), characterized in that the wooden lamella is designed as a hollow lamella (10, 10') and from several layers (a, b, c) aligned in parallel , glued individual boards (2), wherein in at least one layer (b) the individual boards (2) are arranged at least partially with a lateral distance from one another and form cavities (3, 3 '). Wooden lamella according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow lamella (10) consists of three layers (a, b, c) of individual boards (2) and the middle layer (b) has at least one cavity (3) closed on both sides. Wood slat according to claim 2, characterized in that in the middle layer (b) narrower, for example, about half as wide individual boards (2) as in the outer layers (a, c) are provided which the lateral joints (5) of the individual boards (2) support the outer layers (a, c). Wood slat according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow slat (10 ') consists of three layers (a, b, c) of individual boards (2) and the middle layer (b) has two laterally open cavities (3'). Wood slat according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the individual boards (2) have a thickness of 0.5 cm to 5 cm, preferably 10 mm to 20 mm, and are at least partially produced from sawmills accumulating waste or sidewalls. Wood slat according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the cavities (3) at least partially accommodate installation material, heat-insulating material and / or sound-absorbing material. Wooden component consisting of several layers (A, BC) of glued wooden slats, characterized in that in at least one or each layer (A, BC) individual or all wooden slats are replaced by hollow slats (10, 10 ') according to one of claims 1 to 6. Wooden component, for example, cross-laminated board (1), according to claim 7, characterized in that the hollow blades (10, 10 ') adjacent Layers (A, B, C) are cross-glued to each other and have an angle between 45 ° and 90 °, preferably in the range of 90 °. Wooden component, for example beam element (1 '), according to claim 7, characterized in that the hollow blades (10, 10') of adjacent layers (A, B) are aligned parallel to each other. Method for producing hollow slats (10, 10 '), characterized by the following steps: - Gluing of several layers, preferably of three layers (a, b, c) of parallel aligned individual boards (2) to a sheet (4), wherein the individual boards (2) at least in one layer (b) at least partially lateral distance (y) are arranged to each other, and - Cutting the sheet (4) by parallel to the single boards (2) guided saw cuts, the cutting planes (ε) are substantially normal to the plane of the sheet (4). A method according to claim 10, characterized in that laterally closed hollow slats (10) are produced with a cut in continuous solid wood areas. A method according to claim 10, characterized in that laterally open hollow slats (10 ') are produced with a cut guide in the region of spaced individual boards (2).

Images