AT15882U1 - Method for producing a cross laminated timber element - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a cross-laminated timber element (1) comprising the steps of: arranging at least one longitudinal layer (2) and at least one transverse layer (2) each with a plurality of wooden boards (3) in a press installation (9), pressing and gluing the Longitudinal (2) with the transverse position (2) in the press unit (9), - arranging a substantially over the entire outer surface (6) of the adjacent longitudinal or transverse position (2) extending cover plate (5) before the compression and Bonding of the longitudinal (2) and the transverse layer (2) in the press line (9), - pressing and bonding the cover plate (5) with the adjacent longitudinal or transverse position (2) together with the pressing and gluing of the longitudinal the transverse position (2) in the press system (9). Furthermore, the invention relates to a cross-linked plywood element produced in this way.

Description

Description: [0001] The invention relates to a method for producing a cross-laminated timber element, comprising the steps:

- Arranging at least one longitudinal layer and at least one transverse layer, each with several wooden boards in a press system, - pressing and gluing the longitudinal with the transverse layer in the press system.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a cross-laminated timber element with at least one longitudinal layer and at least one transverse layer, each having a plurality of wooden boards, and with a cover plate which is connected to the adjacent longitudinal or transverse layer via an adhesive layer.

As cross-laminated timber, solid wood panels are referred to in construction, which consist of several layers lying flat on top of one another in a cross pattern. Such cross-laminated timber elements (also called thick wood, multi-layer solid wood panel or cross-ply wood) are used in particular for wall, ceiling or roof structures. Examples of such cross laminated timber elements are described in AT 13 769 U1 or AT 14 866 U1.

Cross-laminated timber is produced in various surface qualities. In terms of visible quality, cross-laminated timber is suitable with reduced growth characteristics (branches, resin pockets, discolouration, etc.) and a homogeneous appearance for visible wooden surfaces, especially indoors. In contrast, these growth characteristics are more pronounced in surfaces of the so-called industrial quality or non-visible quality, so that such cross-laminated timber is still covered in some form in the final state. This planking is applied manually after the assembly of the cross-laminated timber elements and can be done with wooden cladding, three-layer solid wood panels, plasterboard, plasterboard or similar materials.

However, this application of surfaces is time-consuming in the prior art and therefore relatively cost-intensive.

Accordingly, the object of the invention is to alleviate or eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art. The invention therefore has the particular aim of being able to manufacture cross-laminated timber with planking in a simpler and more cost-effective manner.

This object is achieved by a method with the features of claim 1 and by a cross-laminated timber element with the features of claim 9.

[0010] The method according to the invention is characterized by the following steps:

- Arranging a cover plate extending essentially over the entire surface of the adjacent longitudinal or transverse layer before the pressing and gluing of the longitudinal and transverse layers in the press system, [0012] - Pressing and gluing the cover plate to the adjacent longitudinal - or transverse position together with the pressing and gluing of the longitudinal with the transverse position in the press system.

In the cross-laminated timber element of the type mentioned, the cover plate has a wood material made of compressed fibers with a density of more than 600 kg / m ³ , in particular of more than 800 kg / m ³ . The cover plate can be formed entirely from this wood material, but has at least one layer of this wood material.

The invention therefore advantageously enables the prefabrication of a cross-laminated timber element with a cover plate, which is designed in particular as a ready-to-paint surface. Preferred applications are in particular on cross-laminated timber walls and ceilings. In the production process, large or small-sized (wood-based material) cover plates are provided with adhesive at the laying station and, in the course of pressing, the cross-arranged / 10

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Longitudinal and transverse layers made of wooden boards are pressed together in a force-locking and positive manner in one work step. This can be followed by further work steps, such as joinery, grinding and finalizing. Depending on the application, the ready-to-paint surface on the cover plate can be finished and painted in the factory or after assembly on site. The invention has the particular advantage that the application of the cover plate can be integrated into a standardized production process. Cross-laminated timber elements produced in this way are cheaper for the most common applications than in the prior art with manually applied planking. Unattractive growth traits can be hidden under the ready-to-paint surface and are no longer visible when assembled. Therefore, a homogeneous appearance is achieved immediately after assembly. Wall and ceiling elements can be manufactured from cross-laminated timber elements in a particularly advantageous manner. Furthermore, large-format cross-laminated timber elements can be produced without a visible butt joint and thus without any defects in the visual appearance.

In extensive practical studies, it was observed that the use of conventional wooden boards (in particular so-called flat boards, which have lying annual rings) can lead to different shrinkage behavior and thus to deformations on the surface. This problem can be countered in a particularly advantageous manner in that, at least for the longitudinal or transverse position adjacent to the cover plate, in particular rod-glued wooden boards, preferably in the form of rift boards (with standing annual rings, which are essentially vertical, ie at an angle of 50 to 90 °, run to the board surface) can be used. However, all longitudinal and transverse layers are preferably formed from such stick-glued wooden boards. Rod-glued wooden boards of this type are known per se in the prior art. These consist of continuous or finger-jointed lamellas that are glued together on the sides to form a single-layer panel. The slats extend over the entire height and over the entire length of the stick-glued wooden boards.

For the reasons described above, it is furthermore advantageous if wooden boards made of side products are used at least for the longitudinal or transverse position adjacent to the cover plate. However, the wooden boards of all longitudinal and transverse layers are preferably formed from side goods. Side products are wooden boards that follow the outside of the saw block after the middle boards and essentially have horizontal growth rings. In a particularly preferred embodiment, in order to form the wooden boards of the longitudinal or transverse position, side goods boards (in the manner of glulam) are first stacked and glued to one another and subsequently the wooden boards are cut off transversely to the main level of the side goods boards, so that rift boards result advantageously ensures a uniform swelling and shrinking behavior.

The embodiments described above ensure a uniform shrinkage behavior, whereby a flat surface is achieved. In this way, particularly favorable conditions can be created for the cover plate to be pressed and glued to the longitudinal and transverse layers of the cross-laminated timber element in a single work step.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the adhesive for gluing the cover plate to the adjacent longitudinal or transverse layer is provided with a fire protection agent. If the adhesive is heated with the fire protection agent, the adhesive foams and protects the wooden boards from (further) charring or burning. A fire resistance of at least 30 minutes, in particular more than 60 minutes, is preferably achieved. Halogenated flame retardants (e.g. bromide polymers) or intumescent fire protection systems (e.g. based on ammonium phosphate) can be used as fire protection agents.

In order to ensure a secure connection between the cover plate and the longitudinal and transverse layers, the pressing and gluing of the cover plate with the adjacent longitudinal or transverse layer is preferably carried out with a pressure of 0.05 to 1.0 N / mm ² , In the

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Pressing will also be an open time, pressing time and matched to the cover plate

Press temperature provided.

In order to achieve the highest possible degree of prefabrication, it is advantageous if the cover plate after the pressing and gluing with the longitudinal or transverse position to the cross-laminated timber on the visible side with a color, for example a wall paint, interior dispersion or a mineral paint becomes.

According to a preferred embodiment, the cover plate is attached to a cross-laminated timber wall or ceiling element with a thickness of 60 mm to 360 mm, in particular from 80 mm to 280 mm.

A hardboard, a medium density fibreboard, a cardboard panel, a plasterboard panel or a gypsum fiberboard is preferably used as the cover panel. In these designs, the cover plate can advantageously also take on physical properties such as thermal insulation, heat storage, in particular also a water vapor diffusion resistance and deformation-related tensile stresses or shear stresses or a certain crack-distributing effect.

The cover plate thereby has at least some of the following favorable properties:

- Bondability with wooden surfaces and conventional adhesives;

- In comparison to the wooden boards thinner design with a lower modulus of elasticity (and thus less rigidity), so that no deformation of the transverse and longitudinal layers occur;

- High tensile strength, to be able to bridge shrinkage and swelling of the cross-laminated timber as well as joints and cracks in the wooden boards;

- For interiors, a low-formaldehyde and low-VOC material so as not to pollute the indoor air;

- High adhesive tensile strength with respect to common color systems;

- Any repair work can be carried out quickly and easily; and [0030] - Machinability of the surface with conventional woodworking machines.

In preferred embodiments, the cover plate is a hardboard, a medium density fiberboard, a cardboard plate, a plasterboard or a gypsum fibreboard.

The cover plate here preferably has a wall thickness of 3 mm to 20 mm, in particular 5 to 15 mm (note: in contradiction to the above -> standardize).

In order to avoid deformations on the surface, it has proven to be advantageous if at least the longitudinal or transverse layer adjacent to the cover plate consists of rod-glued wooden boards made of side goods in a rift arrangement.

The invention is explained below with reference to an embodiment shown in the figures, to which, however, it should not be limited.

Fig. 1, Fig. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a cross-laminated timber element according to the invention, in which a cover plate is attached to an outer longitudinal or transverse layer of wooden boards in the prefabrication.

shows a cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of the cross-laminated timber element according to the invention with a cover plate on a further outer longitudinal or transverse position.

shows a cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of the cross-laminated timber element, each with a cover plate on the two outer longitudinal and transverse layers.

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AT15 882 U1 2018-07-15 Austrian Patent Office. [0038] FIG. 4 [0039] FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of a further embodiment variant of the cross-laminated timber element according to the invention, in which one of the outer longitudinal or transverse layers is formed by rift boards.

shows a cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of the cross-laminated timber element corresponding to FIG. 4, but with a cover plate on the two outer longitudinal and transverse layers of rift boards.

6a, 6b schematically show the manufacture of the rift boards for the outer longitudinal or. Transverse position of the cross-laminated timber element of FIGS. 4 and 5.

FIG. 7 shows a schematic press system for producing the cross-laminated timber element according to FIG. 1 or 2.

8 shows the schematic press system for producing the cross-laminated timber element according to FIG. 3.

Fig. 1 shows the layered structure of a cross-laminated timber element 1 with several, in the embodiment shown five, glued together longitudinal or transverse layers 2, which each consist of parallel arranged wooden slats or boards 3, these on side connecting surfaces 4 are connected. The longitudinal and transverse layers are arranged crosswise, so that the fiber directions of successive longitudinal and transverse layers 2 are arranged essentially perpendicular to one another. The longitudinal or transverse layers 2 are glued together in a known manner.

The cross-laminated timber element 1 also has a cover plate 5, which is connected over the entire outer surface 6 of the adjacent outer longitudinal or transverse layer 2 by means of an adhesive layer 7 with the adjacent longitudinal or transverse layer 2. As can be seen in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, the cover plate 5 has a smaller wall thickness than the longitudinal or transverse layers 2, which each have the same wall thickness in the embodiment shown. The cover plate 5 can be made of a wood material from compressed fibers with a density of more than 600 kg / m ³ . In a preferred embodiment, the adhesive, which is provided for gluing the cover plate 5 to the adjacent longitudinal or transverse layer 2, is provided with a fire protection agent. This creates a certain fire resistance.

The cover plate 5 can after the pressing and gluing with the longitudinal or transverse layer 2 to the cross-laminated timber element 1 already in the prefabrication on the visible side 8 with a color, for example a wall paint, interior dispersion or a mineral paint.

Fig. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of the cross-laminated timber element 1, wherein the cover plate 5 is arranged on an opposite, further outer longitudinal or transverse layer 2 of the cross-laminated timber element 1. The structure of the cross-laminated timber element 1 according to FIG. 2 is identical to the structure of the cross-laminated timber element according to FIG. 1, except for the alternative arrangement of the cover plate 5.

Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment of the cross-laminated timber element 1 with cover plates 5, 5a arranged on both sides. The cover plates 5, 5a are preferably essentially identical. In this embodiment, therefore, both outer surfaces 6, 6a of the cross-laminated timber element 1 have a surface ready for painting.

The number of longitudinal or transverse layers 2 and their dimensions can vary depending on the requirements for the cross-laminated timber element 1. For example, longitudinal and transverse layers 2 of different wall thicknesses can also be glued together. The same applies to the number and dimensions of the cover plate 5.

1, 2, 3, the corresponding longitudinal or transverse layers 2 and the cover plate (s) 5 are arranged in layers in a press system 9.

4 shows an embodiment variant, which is essentially the embodiment 4/10

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Patentamt tion of Fig. 2 corresponds. In contrast, however, the wooden boards 3 of the outer longitudinal or transverse layer 2 provided with the cover plate 5 are formed by rift boards 3a. According to Fig.

cover plates 5, 5a are provided on both outer longitudinal and transverse layers 2. With this

Deformation on the surface can be largely avoided.

The manufacture of the rift boards 3a is illustrated in FIGS. 6a, 6b. According to FIG. 6a, side goods boards 3b (in the manner of glulam) are first stacked on one another and glued together. Then the individual rift boards 3a are cut off transversely to the main plane of the side goods boards 3b (cf. lines 3c in FIG. 6a) (FIG. 6b).

Fig. 7 shows the pressing process in a highly simplified, schematic view of a press system 9 for the manufacture of cross-laminated timber element 1. For a better overview, the structure of the press system 9 itself is not shown. In the exemplary embodiment shown, five longitudinal or transverse layers 2 and a cover plate 5 are arranged between two press plates 10, 10a. The cover plate 5 is arranged on an outer longitudinal or transverse layer 2. Adhesive layers 7 are applied between the longitudinal and transverse layers 2 or between the longitudinal or transverse layers 2 and the cover plate 5. The direction of the force which press plates 10, 10a exert on the cross-laminated timber element 1 is indicated by arrows 11. The cover plate 5 is pressed or glued to the adjacent longitudinal or transverse layer 2 with a contact pressure of 0.05 to 1.0 N / mm ² , the pressing temperature and the pressing time being matched to the respective application.

FIG. 8 shows the press system 9 according to FIG. 7, with a cover plate 5, 5a being arranged on both outer longitudinal and transverse layers 2 in this embodiment variant. A cross-laminated timber element 1 according to FIG. 3 is produced by the planking on both sides with the cover plates 5, 5a.

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Claims (10)

Expectations 1. A method for producing a cross-laminated timber element (1) with the steps: - arranging at least one longitudinal layer (2) and at least one transverse layer (2), each with several wooden boards (3) in a press system (9), - Pressing and gluing the longitudinal (2) with the transverse layer (2) in the press system (9), characterized by - Arranging a cover plate (5) which extends essentially over the entire outer surface (6) of the adjacent longitudinal or transverse layer (2) prior to the pressing and bonding of the longitudinal (2) and transverse layers (2) in the press system (9 ) - Pressing and gluing the cover plate (5) with the adjacent longitudinal or transverse layer (2) together with pressing and gluing the longitudinal with the transverse layer (2) in the press system (9). 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least for the to Cover plate (5) adjacent longitudinal or transverse layer (2), in particular rod-glued wooden boards (3), preferably in the form of rift boards, are used. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least for the longitudinal or transverse layer (2) adjacent to the cover plate (5) wooden boards (3) are used from side goods. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the adhesive for gluing the cover plate (5) with the adjacent longitudinal or transverse layer (2) is provided with a fire protection agent. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the pressing and gluing of the cover plate (5) with the adjacent longitudinal or transverse layer (2) with a contact pressure of 0.05 to 1.0 N / mm ² he follows. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the cover plate (5) after pressing and gluing with the longitudinal or transverse layer (2) to the cross-laminated timber element (1) on the visible side (8) with a color , for example a wall paint, interior dispersion or a mineral paint. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a cross-laminated timber element with a thickness of 60 mm to 360 mm, in particular from 80 to 280 mm, is used. 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a hardboard, a medium density fibreboard, a cardboard board, a plasterboard or a gypsum fiberboard is used as the cover plate (5). 9. Cross-laminated timber element (1) with at least one longitudinal layer (2) and at least one transverse layer (2), each of which has a plurality of wooden boards (3), and with a cover plate (5), which has an adhesive layer (7) with the adjacent longitudinal or transverse layer (2), characterized in that the cover plate (5) has a wood material made of compressed fibers with a density of more than 600 kg / m ³ . 10. Cross laminated timber element (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that at least the longitudinal or transverse layer (2) adjacent to the cover plate (5) consists of rod-glued wooden boards (3) made from side goods. 4 sheets of drawings 6.10 AT15 882 U1 2018-07-15 Austrian patent office 1.4 I) li'l (I II (B & B t ' tu I I i ( '{H ¹ - - - I) IG - - - ii: i » <t Fig. 2 7.10 AT15 882 U1 2018-07-15 Austrian Patent Office Fig. 6a 8.10 AT15 882 U1 2018-07-15 Austrian Patent Office (D 3.4 9.10 AT15 882 U1 2018-07-15 Austrian patent office 4.4 10/10