EP2805031A1 - Power plant and method for operating a power plant facility - Google Patents

Power plant and method for operating a power plant facility

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Publication number
EP2805031A1
EP2805031A1 EP13714254.3A EP13714254A EP2805031A1 EP 2805031 A1 EP2805031 A1 EP 2805031A1 EP 13714254 A EP13714254 A EP 13714254A EP 2805031 A1 EP2805031 A1 EP 2805031A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
power plant
pressure turbine
load
temperature
throttling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13714254.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2805031B1 (en
Inventor
Günter Bauer
Norbert Pieper
Hans-Ulrich Thierbach
Michael Wechsung
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP13714254.3A priority Critical patent/EP2805031B1/en
Priority to PL13714254T priority patent/PL2805031T3/en
Publication of EP2805031A1 publication Critical patent/EP2805031A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2805031B1 publication Critical patent/EP2805031B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/18—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters
    • F01K3/26—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters with heating by steam
    • F01K3/262—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters with heating by steam by means of heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/02—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of multiple-expansion type
    • F01K7/025—Consecutive expansion in a turbine or a positive displacement engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • F01K7/22—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type the turbines having inter-stage steam heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • F01K7/22—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type the turbines having inter-stage steam heating
    • F01K7/24—Control or safety means specially adapted therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a power plant comprising a steam turbine, which is subdivided into a high-pressure turbine section, medium-pressure turbine section and low ⁇ pressure turbine section and between the high-pressure turbine section and the intermediate-pressure turbine section an intermediate ⁇ superheater unit is arranged.
  • the invention relates to a power plant which is operated by the method according to the invention.
  • Power plants in which large-volume steam turbines are used, u.a. used in the municipal energy supply.
  • the steam turbines used in such power plants have relatively high masses and are usually designed for a given nominal power.
  • Power plants which can also be referred to as conventional power plants, can be classified as a first approximation in pure steam power plants and in gas and steam power plants.
  • ⁇ that have in common that fossil fuels are needed to generate electrical energy.
  • Such power plants have so far been designed such that they were placed for a base load of ⁇ .
  • the reheater heating surfaces were oversized and the hot reheater superheat temperature in the upper load range, for example, between 70% and 100% / g ⁇ regulated at the expense of the resulting thermodynamic loss of efficiency.
  • a hot reheat refers to the hot reheat temperature that is present after the intermediate superheater unit.
  • Another approach is to limit the lower load range, the load gradient accordingly or redu the allowable load cycles ⁇ decorate, whereby an increased wear ge into consideration ⁇ is attracted so that the thick-walled components have to be replaced at an early stage from ⁇ . at this point the invention comes in. It is an object of the invention to operate the plant such that the
  • a method for Be ⁇ drive a power plant comprising a steam turbine, which is divided into a high-pressure turbine section, medium-pressure turbine section and low-pressure turbine section and between the high-pressure turbine section and the intermediate-pressure turbine section, a reheater unit is arranged with the steps: - Operation of the power plant in part load,
  • a power plant which is operated by a method according to one of claims 1 to 4 and further by a power plant, which is designed as a steam power plant or as a gas and steam power plant and operated by the method according to the invention.
  • the invention is based on the idea that a frequent load change can still take place, but does not lead to a reduction in the service life of the components.
  • the invention is based on the idea that the number of permissible load changes is generally not proportional to the temperature jump at the same temperature gradient. For example, a temperature jump of 30 Kelvin leads to about 1,000,000 permissible load changes, whereas a temperature jump of 60 Kelvin does not lead to a halving of the permissible load changes, but to a much smaller number of load changes, namely about 10,000 permissible load changes. Thus, when the temperature jump is doubled, the number of permissible load changes changes by one or more orders of magnitude.
  • the above values are for illustrative purposes only.
  • the number of permissible load changes as a function of the temperature jump strongly depend on the geometries of the components, on the material properties as well as on temperature levels and many other parameters.
  • An essential feature of the invention is that the temperature of the reheater unit can be reduced by the inlet temperature is lifted in the reheater unit ⁇ .
  • the inlet temperature upstream of the reheater unit is also known as cold reheat records.
  • This increase in temperature is realized in that control valves, the section before the second Expansionsab ⁇ , that are throttled before the medium-pressure turbine section.
  • the throttling reduces the expansion and thus the temperature reduction in the first expansion section, in this case in the high-pressure turbine section.
  • the result is that there is an increase in load-dependent temperature fluctuations at the outlet of the high-pressure turbine section.
  • the waste entering at partial load becomes hot
  • the throttling is chosen such that the amount of temperature reduction after the reheater unit in the unthrottled state is substantially halved.
  • the throttling is controlled such that at load ⁇ change on all components, the then smaller temperature changes are equal in first approximation.
  • An essential Advantage of the invention is that now large load changes can be driven with significantly faster gradients and much more often in the life of the steam turbine. Overall, this leads to an increase in the service life.
  • Conventional conventional power plants include a steam ⁇ turbine, a can be divided between ⁇ superheating unit in a high-pressure turbine, intermediate pressure turbine and low-pressure turbine, and wherein the insects enjoyed ⁇ zerauer between the high-pressure part turbine and the medium-pressure turbine section arranged becomes.
  • a steam generator In front of the high-pressure Operatur ⁇ bine a steam generator generates a hot steam fresh, which flows through the high-pressure turbine section and is then reheated in the reheater unit and then flows into ⁇ closing in the medium-pressure turbine section and then by the low-pressure turbine section.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)

Abstract

A power plant and a method for operating a power plant, wherein the temperature at the output of the high-pressure partial turbine is changed in partial load operation by throttling by means of the medium pressure valve.

Description

Beschreibung description
KRAFTWERK UND VERFAHREN ZUM BETREIBEN EINER KRAFTWERKSANLAGE POWER PLANT AND METHOD FOR OPERATING A POWER PLANT
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Kraftwerksanlage umfassend eine Dampfturbine, die in eine Hochdruck-Teilturbine, Mitteldruck-Teilturbine und Nieder¬ druck-Teilturbine unterteilt ist und zwischen der Hochdruck- Teilturbine und der Mitteldruck-Teilturbine eine Zwischen¬ überhitzereinheit angeordnet wird. The invention relates to a method for operating a power plant comprising a steam turbine, which is subdivided into a high-pressure turbine section, medium-pressure turbine section and low ¬ pressure turbine section and between the high-pressure turbine section and the intermediate-pressure turbine section an intermediate ¬ superheater unit is arranged.
Des Weiteren betrifft die Erfindung ein Kraftwerk, das nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren betrieben wird. Furthermore, the invention relates to a power plant which is operated by the method according to the invention.
Kraftwerksanlagen, in denen großvolumige Dampfturbinen eingesetzt werden, werden u.a. in der kommunalen Energieversorgung eingesetzt. Die in solchen Kraftwerken eingesetzten Dampfturbinen weisen vergleichsweise hohe Massen auf und sind in der Regel für eine vorgegebene Nennleistung ausgelegt. DiesePower plants, in which large-volume steam turbines are used, u.a. used in the municipal energy supply. The steam turbines used in such power plants have relatively high masses and are usually designed for a given nominal power. These
Kraftwerke, die auch als konventionelle Kraftwerke bezeichnet werden können, können in erster Näherung in reine Dampfkraftwerke und in Gas- und Dampfkraftwerke eingeteilt werden. Bei¬ den ist gemeinsam, dass fossile Brennstoffe benötigt werden, um elektrische Energie zu erzeugen. Solche Kraftwerke wurden bislang derart konzipiert, dass diese für eine Grundlast aus¬ gelegt wurden. Durch den zunehmenden Anteil an erneuerbaren Energiequellen, wie z. B. die Windenergie, die im Wesentli¬ chen nicht regelbar sind, müssen die vorgenannten konventio- nellen Kraftwerke immer häufiger in einer Teillast betrieben werden. Das bedeutet, dass die Kraftwerke nicht dauerhaft die Nennleistung liefern, sondern einen Prozentsatz der Nennleistung als Teillast liefern. Die Teillasten können in manchen Fällen beispielsweise bei 25% der Volllast liegen. Power plants, which can also be referred to as conventional power plants, can be classified as a first approximation in pure steam power plants and in gas and steam power plants. In ¬ that have in common that fossil fuels are needed to generate electrical energy. Such power plants have so far been designed such that they were placed for a base load of ¬. Due to the increasing share of renewable energy sources, such as As the wind energy, which are not controllable Wesentli ¬ chen, the aforementioned conventional power plants must be operated more frequently in a partial load. This means that the power plants do not permanently deliver the nominal power, but deliver a percentage of the nominal power as a partial load. For example, the partial loads may in some cases be 25% of full load.
Das bedeutet, dass diese Kraftwerke flexibel betrieben werden müssen, wobei der Wechsel von vergleichsweise niedriger Teil¬ last auf Volllast möglichst schnell und ohne Begrenzung der Anzahl der Lastwechsel erfolgen soll. Problematisch hierbei ist, dass die Temperatur des Dampfes am Austritt der Zwi¬ schenüberhitzereinheit wegen des geringeren Wärmeangebots aus dem kälter werdenden Rauchgas sehr stark sinkt bei extremer Teillast, wie beispielsweise bei 25%. Diese Temperatursenkung kann bis zu 60 Kelvin betragen. Diese Temperaturschwankungen werden allerdings auch auf die Bauteile übertragen. Das be¬ deutet, dass die großvolumigen und großmassigen Bauteile im ungünstigen Fall ständig erwärmt und abgekühlt werden müssen. Insbesondere dickwandige Bauteile, wie eine Mitteldruck-Teil¬ turbinenwelle, dürfen unter Beachtung von gewünschten Lastwechseln nur vergleichsweise langsam aufgewärmt werden. Dies steht allerdings im Widerspruch zu der Anforderung, das This means that these power plants have to be operated flexibly, wherein the change from comparatively low part ¬ load to full load as quickly as possible and without limitation, the Number of load changes should be made. The problem here is that the temperature of the steam at the outlet of the Zwi ¬ overheater unit due to the lower heat supply from the colder flue gas drops very much at extreme partial load, such as 25%. This temperature reduction can be up to 60 Kelvin. However, these temperature fluctuations are also transferred to the components. The ¬ be indicated that the large volume and large bulky components must be constantly heated and cooled in the worst case. In particular, thick-walled components, such as a medium-pressure ¬ turbine shaft, may only be heated relatively slowly, taking into account desired load changes. However, this is contrary to the requirement that
Kraftwerk in möglichst kurzer Zeit von extremer Teillast auf Volllast zu fahren. Power plant in the shortest possible time to go from extreme part load to full load.
Bisher wurden daher die Zwischenüberhitzerheizflächen überdimensioniert und die heiße Zwischenüberhitzertemperatur im oberen Lastbereich, beispielsweise zwischen 70% und 100 % / g^ regelt unter Inkaufnahme des dadurch resultierenden thermody- namischen Wirkungsgradverlustes. Als „hZÜ" wird die heiße Zwischenüberhitzertemperatur bezeichnet, die nach der Zwischenüberhitzereinheit vorhanden ist. Ein weiterer Lösungsansatz ist, im unteren Lastbereich die Lastgradienten entspre- chend zu begrenzen oder die zulässigen Lastwechsel zu redu¬ zieren, wobei auch ein erhöhter Verschleiß in Betracht ge¬ zogen wird, so dass die dickwandigen Bauteile frühzeitig aus¬ getauscht werden müssen. An dieser Stelle setzt die Erfindung an. Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, das Kraftwerk derart zu betreiben, dass die So far, therefore, the reheater heating surfaces were oversized and the hot reheater superheat temperature in the upper load range, for example, between 70% and 100% / g ^ regulated at the expense of the resulting thermodynamic loss of efficiency. As a "hot reheat" refers to the hot reheat temperature that is present after the intermediate superheater unit. Another approach is to limit the lower load range, the load gradient accordingly or redu the allowable load cycles ¬ decorate, whereby an increased wear ge into consideration ¬ is attracted so that the thick-walled components have to be replaced at an early stage from ¬. at this point the invention comes in. It is an object of the invention to operate the plant such that the
Lebensdauer der Bauteile trotz häufiger Lastwechsel erhöht ist. Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren zum Be¬ treiben einer Kraftwerksanlage umfassend eine Dampfturbine, die in eine Hochdruck-Teilturbine, Mitteldruck-Teilturbine und Niederdruck-Teilturbine unterteilt ist und zwischen der Hochdruck-Teilturbine und der Mitteldruck-Teilturbine eine Zwischenüberhitzereinheit angeordnet wird, mit den Schritten: - Betrieb der Kraftwerksanlage in Teillast, Life of the components is increased despite frequent load changes. This object is achieved by a method for Be ¬ drive a power plant comprising a steam turbine, which is divided into a high-pressure turbine section, medium-pressure turbine section and low-pressure turbine section and between the high-pressure turbine section and the intermediate-pressure turbine section, a reheater unit is arranged with the steps: - Operation of the power plant in part load,
- Erhöhung der Temperatur am Eintritt zur Zwischenüberhitzereinheit durch Androsselung eines Ventils, das vor der Mittel¬ druck-Teilturbine angeordnet wird. - Increasing the temperature at the entrance to the reheater unit by throttling a valve, which is arranged in front of the central ¬ pressure turbine section.
Des Weiteren wird die Aufgabe gelöst durch ein Kraftwerk, das nach einem Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 betrieben wird und des Weiteren durch ein Kraftwerk, das als Dampfkraftwerk oder als Gas- und Dampfkraftwerk ausgelegt und nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren betrieben wird. Furthermore, the object is achieved by a power plant, which is operated by a method according to one of claims 1 to 4 and further by a power plant, which is designed as a steam power plant or as a gas and steam power plant and operated by the method according to the invention.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben . Die Erfindung geht von dem Gedanken aus, dass nach wie vor ein häufiger Lastwechsel stattfinden kann, der aber nicht zu einer Lebensdauerverkürzung der Bauteile führt. Der Erfindung liegt der Gedanke zugrunde, dass im Allgemeinen bei gleichen Temperaturgradienten die Anzahl der zulässigen Lastwechsel nicht zum Temperatursprung proportional ist. Beispielsweise führt ein Temperatursprung von 30 Kelvin zu ca. 1.000.000 zulässigen Lastwechseln, wohingegen ein Temperatursprung von 60 Kelvin nicht zu einer Halbierung der zulässigen Lastwechsel führt, sondern zu einer viel geringeren Anzahl an Lastwech- sein, und zwar ca. 10.000 zulässigen Lastwechseln. Somit ändert sich bei Verdopplung des Temperatursprungs die Anzahl der zulässigen Lastwechsel um eine oder mehrere Größenordnungen. Die vorgenannten Werte dienen lediglich zur Veranschaulichung. Die Anzahl an zulässigen Lastwechseln in Abhängig- keit vom Temperatursprung hängen stark von den Geometrien der Bauteile, von den Werkstoffeigenschaften sowie Temperaturniveaus und vielen anderen weiteren Parametern ab. Advantageous developments are specified in the subclaims. The invention is based on the idea that a frequent load change can still take place, but does not lead to a reduction in the service life of the components. The invention is based on the idea that the number of permissible load changes is generally not proportional to the temperature jump at the same temperature gradient. For example, a temperature jump of 30 Kelvin leads to about 1,000,000 permissible load changes, whereas a temperature jump of 60 Kelvin does not lead to a halving of the permissible load changes, but to a much smaller number of load changes, namely about 10,000 permissible load changes. Thus, when the temperature jump is doubled, the number of permissible load changes changes by one or more orders of magnitude. The above values are for illustrative purposes only. The number of permissible load changes as a function of the temperature jump strongly depend on the geometries of the components, on the material properties as well as on temperature levels and many other other parameters.
Ein erfindungswesentliches Merkmal ist, dass die Temperatur der Zwischenüberhitzereinheit reduziert werden kann, indem die Eintrittstemperatur in die Zwischenüberhitzereinheit an¬ gehoben wird. Die Eintrittstemperatur vor der Zwischenüberhitzereinheit wird auch als kalte Zwischenüberhitzung be- zeichnet. Diese Anhebung der Temperatur wird dadurch realisiert, dass Regelventile, die vor dem zweiten Expansionsab¬ schnitt, d. h. vor der Mitteldruck-Teilturbine, angedrosselt werden. Durch die Androsselung reduziert sich die Expansion und damit der Temperaturabbau im ersten Expansionsabschnitt, in diesem Fall in der Hochdruck-Teilturbine. Die Folge ist, dass es zu vergrößerten lastabhängigen Temperaturschwankungen am Austritt der Hochdruck-Teilturbine kommt. Somit wird der bei Teillast eintretende Abfall der heißenAn essential feature of the invention is that the temperature of the reheater unit can be reduced by the inlet temperature is lifted in the reheater unit ¬ . The inlet temperature upstream of the reheater unit is also known as cold reheat records. This increase in temperature is realized in that control valves, the section before the second Expansionsab ¬ , that are throttled before the medium-pressure turbine section. The throttling reduces the expansion and thus the temperature reduction in the first expansion section, in this case in the high-pressure turbine section. The result is that there is an increase in load-dependent temperature fluctuations at the outlet of the high-pressure turbine section. Thus, the waste entering at partial load becomes hot
Zwischenüberhitzertemperatur durch eine Anhebung der kalten Zwischenüberhitzertemperatur am Hochdruck-Teilturbinenaustritt reduziert. Erreicht wird diese Temperaturanhebung durch gezielte Druckanhebung im Zwischenüberhitzersystem bei Teil- last mittels Drosselung der Ventile. Sofern keine Androsse¬ lung stattfindet, würde bei einer Teillast an einer Stelle ein Temperaturwechsel von 60 Kelvin beispielsweise an einem Bauteil auftreten. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Androsselung wird dieser Temperaturabsenkung von 60 Kelvin entgegengewirkt und beispielsweise nur eine Temperaturabsenkung von 30 Kelvin erreicht, wobei diese Temperaturabsenkung von 30 Kelvin auf zwei Bauteile aufzuteilen ist. Die zulässigen Lastwechsel vergrößern sich dadurch um mehr als eine Größenordnung. Somit führt das Aufteilen von großen Temperaturwechseln an den Bauteilen im heißen Zwischenüberhitzersystem und der Mitteldruck-Dampfturbine auf kleine Temperaturwechsel an den Bauteilen im kalten Zwischenüberhitzer und heißen Zwischenüberhitzerbauteilen zu einem insgesamt kleineren Temperatur- Wechsel an allen Bauteilen im System. Intermediate superheater temperature reduced by raising the cold reheater temperature at the high pressure turbine exit. This temperature increase is achieved by targeted pressure increase in the reheater system at partial load by throttling the valves. If no Androsse ¬ ment takes place, would occur at a partial load at one point, a temperature change of 60 Kelvin, for example, on a component. Due to the throttling according to the invention, this temperature reduction of 60 Kelvin is counteracted and, for example, only a temperature reduction of 30 Kelvin is achieved, wherein this temperature reduction of 30 Kelvin is to be divided into two components. The permissible load changes thereby increase by more than an order of magnitude. Thus, the splitting of large temperature changes on the components in the hot reheater system and the medium-pressure steam turbine on small temperature changes on the components in the cold reheater and hot reheater components to an overall smaller temperature changes on all components in the system.
Die Androsselung wird derart gewählt, dass der Betrag der Temperaturabsenkung nach der Zwischenüberhitzereinheit im ungedrosselten Zustand im Wesentlichen halbiert wird. The throttling is chosen such that the amount of temperature reduction after the reheater unit in the unthrottled state is substantially halved.
Somit wird die Androsselung derart gesteuert, dass bei Last¬ wechseln an allen Bauteilen die dann kleineren Temperaturwechsel in erster Näherung gleich groß sind. Ein wesentlicher Vorteil der Erfindung liegt darin, dass nunmehr große Laständerungen mit deutlich schnelleren Gradienten und deutlich häufiger in der Lebensdauer der Dampfturbine gefahren werden können. Dies führt insgesamt zu einer Erhöhung der Lebens- dauer. Thus, the throttling is controlled such that at load ¬ change on all components, the then smaller temperature changes are equal in first approximation. An essential Advantage of the invention is that now large load changes can be driven with significantly faster gradients and much more often in the life of the steam turbine. Overall, this leads to an increase in the service life.
Im Folgenden wird nun ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung näher beschrieben (ohne Figur) . Herkömmliche konventionelle Kraftwerke umfassen eine Dampf¬ turbine, die sich in eine Hochdruck-Teilturbine, Mitteldruck- Teilturbine und Niederdruck-Teilturbine sowie eine Zwischen¬ überhitzereinheit einteilen lässt, wobei die Zwischenüberhit¬ zereinheit zwischen der Hochdruck-Teilturbine und der Mittel- druck-Teilturbine angeordnet wird. Vor der Hochdruck-Teiltur¬ bine erzeugt ein Dampferzeuger einen heißen Frischdampf, der durch die Hochdruck-Teilturbine strömt und anschließend in der Zwischenüberhitzereinheit wieder erhitzt wird und an¬ schließend in die Mitteldruck-Teilturbine strömt sowie an- schließend durch die Niederdruck-Teilturbine. Nach der Nie¬ derdruck-Teilturbine kondensiert der Dampf zu Wasser und wird über Pumpen wieder zum Dampferzeuger geführt und dort wieder zu Dampf umgewandelt. Solch eine Kraftwerksanlage wird für eine Nennleistung konzipiert, die möglichst permanent auf dieser Nennleistungsebene betrieben werden soll. In einem Teillastbetrieb, das bedeutet, dass die Kraftwerksanlage nicht bei 100% Nennlast, sondern bei beispielsweise 25% der Nennlast betrieben wird, ändern sich die Temperaturen in der Zwischenüberhitzereinheit. Die Temperatur sinkt. Vor der Mit- teldruck-Teilturbine wird ein Regelventil angeordnet, das beim Betrieb der Teillast derart angedrosselt wird, dass eine Erhöhung der Temperatur am Eintritt zur Zwischenüberhitzereinheit erfolgt. Das bedeutet, dass ein Regler das Mittel¬ druck-Ventil derart ansteuert, dass die DampfStrömung ange- drosselt wird und zwar derart, dass die Expansion in derIn the following, an embodiment of the invention will now be described in detail (without figure). Conventional conventional power plants include a steam ¬ turbine, a can be divided between ¬ superheating unit in a high-pressure turbine, intermediate pressure turbine and low-pressure turbine, and wherein the Zwischenüberhit ¬ zereinheit between the high-pressure part turbine and the medium-pressure turbine section arranged becomes. In front of the high-pressure Teiltur ¬ bine a steam generator generates a hot steam fresh, which flows through the high-pressure turbine section and is then reheated in the reheater unit and then flows into ¬ closing in the medium-pressure turbine section and then by the low-pressure turbine section. After Never ¬ The pressure turbine section of the steam condenses into water and is led via pumps back to the steam generator where it is converted to steam again. Such a power plant is designed for a rated power that is to be operated as permanently as possible at this nominal power level. In a part-load operation, which means that the power plant is operated at not 100% rated load, but at, for example, 25% of rated load, the temperatures in the reheater unit change. The temperature sinks. Before the medium-pressure turbine part a control valve is arranged, which is throttled during operation of the partial load such that an increase in the temperature takes place at the entrance to the reheater unit. This means that a regulator controls the middle ¬ pressure valve such that the steam flow is throttled in such a way that the expansion in the
Hochdruck-Teilturbine reduziert wird. In Folge dieser Redu¬ zierung erhöht sich die Temperatur am Ausgang der Hochdruck- Teilturbine . High-pressure turbine section is reduced. As a result of this Redu ¬ cation increases the temperature at the output of the high-pressure turbine section.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Kraftwerksanlage umfassend eine Dampfturbine, die in eine Hochdruck-Teilturbine, Mit¬ teldruck-Teilturbine und Niederdruck-Teilturbine unterteilt ist und zwischen der Hochdruck-Teilturbine und der Mittel¬ druck-Teilturbine eine Zwischenüberhitzereinheit angeordnet ist, mit den Schritten: 1. A method for operating a power plant comprising a steam turbine, which is divided into a high-pressure turbine section, with ¬ teldruck part turbine and low-pressure turbine part and between the high-pressure turbine section and the mid ¬ pressure turbine part a reheater unit is arranged, with the steps :
- Betrieb der Kraftwerksanlage in Teillast,  - Operation of the power plant in part load,
- Erhöhung der Temperatur am Eintritt zur Zwischenüberhitzereinheit durch Androsselung eines Ventils, das vor der Mitteldruck-Teilturbine angeordnet wird,  Increasing the temperature at the inlet to the reheater unit by throttling a valve placed in front of the medium pressure turbine section,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
die Androsselung derart gewählt wird, dass der Betrag der the throttling is chosen such that the amount of
Temperaturabsenkung nach der Zwischenüberhitzereinheit im ungedrosselten Zustand im Wesentlichen halbiert wird. Temperature reduction after the reheater unit in the unthrottled state is substantially halved.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2. The method according to claim 1,
wobei die Androsselung derart erfolgt, dass die Expansion in der Hochdruck-Teilturbine reduziert wird.  wherein the throttling takes place in such a way that the expansion in the high-pressure turbine part is reduced.
3. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Androsselung derart erfolgt, dass bei einem Last¬ wechsel die Temperaturänderung vor und nach der Zwischenüberhitzereinheit in Folge der Androsselung im Wesentlichen gleich groß ist. 3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the throttling takes place in such a way that at a load ¬ change the temperature change before and after the reheater unit due to the throttling is substantially the same size.
4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Betrieb bei Teillast im Wesentlichen zwischen 20% und 40%, insbesondere bei 25% der Nennlast erfolgt. 4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the operation is carried out at part load substantially between 20% and 40%, in particular at 25% of the rated load.
5. Kraftwerk, das nach einem Verfahren gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 4 betrieben wird. 5. power plant, which is operated by a method according to claims 1 to 4.
6. Kraftwerk nach Anspruch 5, 6. Power plant according to claim 5,
wobei das Kraftwerk als Dampfkraftwerk ausgebildet ist.  wherein the power plant is designed as a steam power plant.
7. Kraftwerk nach Anspruch 5, 7. Power plant according to claim 5,
wobei das Kraftwerk als Gas- und Dampfkraftwerk ausgebildet ist .  wherein the power plant is designed as a gas and steam power plant.
EP13714254.3A 2012-04-04 2013-03-27 Power plant and method for operating a power plant facility Not-in-force EP2805031B1 (en)

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PL13714254T PL2805031T3 (en) 2012-04-04 2013-03-27 Power plant and method for operating a power plant facility

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EP20120163194 EP2647802A1 (en) 2012-04-04 2012-04-04 Power plant and method for operating a power plant assembly
EP13714254.3A EP2805031B1 (en) 2012-04-04 2013-03-27 Power plant and method for operating a power plant facility
PCT/EP2013/056496 WO2013149900A1 (en) 2012-04-04 2013-03-27 Power plant and method for operating a power plant facility

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DE102015200250A1 (en) * 2015-01-12 2016-07-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for operating an osmotic power plant and osmotic power plant

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JP5985737B2 (en) 2016-09-06
EP2647802A1 (en) 2013-10-09
IN2014DN07231A (en) 2015-04-24
US20150113989A1 (en) 2015-04-30
PL2805031T3 (en) 2016-06-30
US9574462B2 (en) 2017-02-21
CN104204425A (en) 2014-12-10
JP2015515573A (en) 2015-05-28
CN104204425B (en) 2015-09-16
WO2013149900A1 (en) 2013-10-10

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