EP2795189B1 - Dampferzeuger mit einem strahlungselement - Google Patents

Dampferzeuger mit einem strahlungselement Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP2795189B1
EP2795189B1 EP12809797.9A EP12809797A EP2795189B1 EP 2795189 B1 EP2795189 B1 EP 2795189B1 EP 12809797 A EP12809797 A EP 12809797A EP 2795189 B1 EP2795189 B1 EP 2795189B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiation element
steam
radiation
boiler
flue gases
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP12809797.9A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2795189A2 (de
Inventor
Bo JÖNSSON
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sandvik Intellectual Property AB
Original Assignee
Sandvik Intellectual Property AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sandvik Intellectual Property AB filed Critical Sandvik Intellectual Property AB
Priority to EP12809797.9A priority Critical patent/EP2795189B1/de
Publication of EP2795189A2 publication Critical patent/EP2795189A2/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2795189B1 publication Critical patent/EP2795189B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G1/00—Steam superheating characterised by heating method
    • F22G1/06—Steam superheating characterised by heating method with heat supply predominantly by radiation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G7/00—Steam superheaters characterised by location, arrangement, or disposition
    • F22G7/14—Steam superheaters characterised by location, arrangement, or disposition in water-tube boilers, e.g. between banks of water tubes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a steam boiler according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Steam boiler power plants are provided with water and/or steam conveying elements such as steam tubes in the boiler walls and also often superheaters for converting the saturated steam that is produced in the boiler to dry superheated steam which is efficient for power generation.
  • the overall operation principle of a boiler that produce hot water or steam is the generation of hot flue gases by burning a fossil or a renewable fuel to generate hot water or steam that in case of a power plant is converted into electricity.
  • the hot gas transfers the thermal energy via heat exchangers to hot water or pressurized steam that may be used for domestic and industrial heating, in industrial processes, or in a power boiler to generate electricity.
  • the final stage heat transfer in the latter case is normally done in superheaters that typically consist of bundles of tubes arranged in the power boiler.
  • the hot water or steam that is produced in the boiler wall tubing is redirected back into the boiler through the superheater tubes.
  • the hot flue gases from the boiler heats the superheater tubes mainly convectively and the heat is conducted through the superheater tube walls to the steam that flows therein. The temperature of the steam is thereby increased so that superheated dry steam is produced.
  • US4325328 shows a steam boiler which is constructed from interconnected tubes defining four enclosing walls and a partition, also manufactured from interconnected tubes, which is positioned within the enclosing walls such that two combustion chambers are defined. Water is evaporated into steam in the enclosing walls and the partition. The steam is thereafter conducted through a platen heating surface for first superheating and then through a further superheater.
  • US4226279 shows fins that are welded to tubes in a steam boiler in order to prevent soot particles from moving laterally over the steam tubes.
  • US4226279 is directed to overcoming the problem of warping and buckling of baffle plates in boilers. This problem is solved in US4226279 by welding the fins directly to the tube sections so that the fins are cooled by the fluid that that flows through the tube.
  • GB10233 is aiming at solving the problem of achieving a uniform gas flow over the boiler tubes. According to GB10233 this is achieved by introducing baffle plates that presents a resistance to the gas flow on some positions in the boiler and therefore forces the gas to flow more uniform over the boiler tubes. In GB10233 the baffle plates are in contact with the water tube or, alternatively the baffles plates are arranged perpendicular to the gas flow. This restricts the gas flow over the baffle plates and as a consequence thereof the baffle plates do not assume a temperature much higher than the water tube.
  • JP49104001 shows baffle plates that are arranged in a steep angle to the gas flow in order to collect soot particles in a portion of a boiler.
  • FR1154090 describes a boiler in which vapour flows through a plate shaped superheater and is heated by heat radiation from hot soot particles in the flue gases.
  • a further object of the present invention is to achieve a cost effective steam boiler. Yet a further object is to achieve a boiler in which emissions in the form of NOx-gases and unburnt hydrocarbons are reduced.
  • a steam boiler comprising at least one water and/or steam conveying element that is heated by the hot flue gases in the boiler characterized in that the steam boiler comprises at least one radiation element wherein; said radiation element is an un-cooled element; said radiation element is arranged in the flow of hot flue gases such that it is convectively heated by the flue gases; said radiation element is located at a pre-determined distance from said at least one water and/or steam conveying element such that the flow of hot flue gases between the radiation element and the water and/or steam conveying element is unhindered, and such that the water and/or steam conveying element is heated by heat radiation from said radiation element.
  • the difference between radiation element and the tubing is that the water and/or steam conveying tubes are cooled by the fluid that flows there trough whereas the radiation element is an un-cooled element. Hence, no steam or water flows or circulates in the radiation element
  • the radiation element Since the radiation element is situated in the hot flue gas and not cooled by steam it will be heated to a much higher temperature than the steam conveying tubes.
  • the total heat transfer to the superheater tubes and/or the boiler walls is increased in comparison to conventional superheaters that mainly are heated by convection. Due to the increased heat transfer per unit area, the size of the boiler wall and superheaters can be reduced with maintained efficiency of the boiler.
  • the invention also provides further advantages.
  • Emissions in the form of NOx-gases and unburnt hydrocarbons are reduced in the flue gases since the surfaces of the radiation elements and the water and/or steam conveying elements in the boiler are heated to a temperature at which gas/surface reactions are kinetically promoted. Hence, due to the high temperature of the radiation element, more chemically active surfaces are provided where the flue gases can react to more stable compounds.
  • the radiation elements are arranged such that the flue gases flow unhindered over the radiation element, over the steam conveying tubes and also flow unhindered in the space between the radiation elements and the steam conveying tubes.
  • Unhindered flow of flue gas is important to ensure that as much heat as possible is transferred by convection from the hot flue gases to the steam conveying tubes.
  • Unhindered flow over the radiation element is also important in order to ensure that the convective heating of the radiation element is maximized, because the higher the temperature that the radiation element assumes, the more heat energy will be transferred by heat radiation from the radiation element to the steam conveying tubes.
  • the radiation element should be arranged at a pre-determined distance from the steam conveying tubes, i.e. such that there is an open space between the radiation element and the steam conveying tubes.
  • the pre-determined distance between said at least one radiation element and said at least one steam and/or water conveying element is therefore preferably adopted such that an unhindered flow of flue gases is permitted between said radiation element and said steam and/or water conveying element.
  • the pre-determined distance between the radiation element and water and/or steam conveying element is large enough to guarantee that the flow of the flue gases between the latter is large enough to generate a positive heating effect of the flue gases on the water and/or steam conveying element.
  • the pre-determined distance should be optimised for each specific case, depending on pressure conditions in the boiler, flue gas temperature etc. It is preferred that the radiation element is not too distant from the water and/or steam conveying element, in order to provide for a positive heating effect of said radiation element.
  • a minimum distance between the radiation element and the water and/or steam conveying element is 20 cm, preferably 10 cm, preferably 5 cm, more preferably 1 cm, more preferably 2 cm, even more preferably 5mm, most preferably 3 mm.
  • the radiation element is arranged in the flow of flue gas such that all sides of the radiation element are exposed to the flow of flue gas, i.e. there should be a flow of flue gas on all sides of the radiation element.
  • the radiation element should therefore be arranged at a pre-determined distance from other parts of the boiler, for example the circumferential walls such that there is an open space between all side surfaces of the radiation element and other parts of the boiler.
  • the radiation element is arranged at a distance of at least 5 mm, preferably at least 1 cm, more preferably at least 5 cm, even more preferably at least 10 cm from boiler parts which not form part of the radiation element.
  • the radiation element does not deflect the flow of flue gas away from the steam conveying tubes.
  • the radiation element should be arranged such that the flue gas can flow past the radiation element in a direction towards the steam conveying element without essentially changing the main flow direction.
  • the radiation element should be arranged such that the flue gases can flow in a constant flow direction over the radiation element.
  • the "main flow direction” is the flow direction from the burner section towards a gas outlet in the boiler, or from a gas inlet towards an gas outlet.
  • the radiation element is preferably arranged such that it extends in a direction which is essentially parallel to the main flow direction of the flue gases.
  • the radiation element is sheet, such as a flat steel sheet.
  • a flat sheet has a large surface area in relation to its weight. This is advantageous for the radiation efficiency.
  • the steel sheet should be arranged such that a normal to its large side surfaces is perpendicular to the direction of the gas flow, i.e. that the side surfaces of the steel sheet are parallel with the flow direction.
  • the steel sheet should further be arranged such that its edge portion, which is relatively narrow and therefore the presents little resistance to the gas flow, faces the gas flow.
  • the radiation element is a corrugated steel sheet, i.e. meander shaped.
  • An advantage with a corrugated sheet is that it is very rigid.
  • the radiation element may also be a flat or a corrugated strip (typically 1-20 cm wide).
  • the radiation element should be as thin as possible in order to minimize the weight. However, to ensure thermal stability and to avoid rapid failure due to corrosion, the thickness radiation element should at least be 0.5 mm. Typically, the thickness of the radiation element is 0.5 - 20 mm, preferably 1.5 - 10 mm. The length and height of the radiation element is selected in dependency of the application in question.
  • the radiation element is an elongated rod element.
  • the rod element could have circular cross-section, such as a round bar or a wire or a thick walled tube. It could also have rectangular cross-section.
  • the rod shaped radiation element should be arranged such that the longitudinal axis of the rod element is parallel to the gas flow and such that the normal to the longitudinal axis of the rod element is perpendicular to the gas flow.
  • the radiation element is a separate, individual element which deliberately is arranged in the boiler in order to increase the efficiency of the boiler by radiating heat to the steam and/or water conveying elements.
  • the radiation element In order to maximize the convective heating of the radiation element it is preferred that the radiation element extends in the flow of flue gases from an upstream side of the steam conveying tubes towards a downstream side thereof. In a superheater arrangement it is preferred if the radiation element is arranged in an upstream portion of the superheater arrangement. The reason for this is that the flue gases are cooled as they flow over the steam conveying tubes. To expose the radiation element to the hottest gas it should preferably be arranged as far upstream as possible in relation to the steam conveying tubes. If the radiation element is arranged in a downstream portion of a superheater arrangement, it will be exposed to flue gases of lower temperature and the convective heating of the radiation element will not be effective.
  • the radiation element should preferably be attached to a surface in the boiler which has a temperature as close as possible to the radiation element, preferably the same temperature. Thereby are temperature gradients avoided in the radiation element which could lead to mechanical stress and buckling and cracking of the radiation element. Therefore, it is suitable to attach the radiation element to a portion of the boiler roof or wall that is not covered with steam tubes.
  • the radiation element is flexibly, i.e. movably, attached to the boiler so that the radiation element can move as it is subjected to thermal expansion during heating.
  • the advantage thereof is that the build up of mechanical stress is avoided in the radiation element.
  • the radiation element comprises fastening elements in the form of hooks or rings so that the radiation element may be hung onto e.g. a bar in the boiler.
  • the hooks or rings allow the radiation element to move during thermal expansion.
  • the radiation element comprises hooks or rings it may also be hung directly onto a steam and/or water conveying element, such as a superheater tube.
  • the hooks or rings allow the radiation element to move and thereby is mechanical stress due to temperature differences between radiation element and steam and/or water conveying element avoided.
  • the fastening elements are manufactured from thin wires (e.g. 1 - 5 mm thick) in order to minimise heat transfer between radiation element and the steam and/or water conveying elements.
  • the function of the fastening elements hooks is purely mechanical and does not contribute to the radiation function.
  • the radiation element is attached to the boiler such that at least one end of the radiation element is free. Thereby, expansion of the radiation element, normally heat expansion and creep elongation, is permitted.
  • water and/or steam conveying element is at least one steam conveying superheater tube.
  • said water and/or steam conveying element is the water and/or steam conveying tubes in at least a portion of the wall of the boiler.
  • said water and/or steam conveying element is a double walled lining.
  • the surface area of the portion of the radiation element that faces said at least one water and/or steam conveying element is at least 3 percent of the total outer surface area of said at least one water and/or steam conveying element.
  • said radiation element comprises a concave surface which is turned towards an adjacent water and/or steam conveying element.
  • the radiation from the radiation element is focused on the water and/or steam conveying element, in particular if the latter has a tubular shape and is thereby partly enclosed by the radiation element.
  • the concave surface is a surface of a bent sheet forming said radiation element.
  • the radius of said concave surface is within the range of 0.8-2 times, preferably 1.0-1.5 times the radius of the water and/or steam conveying element in the case that the latter is tubular.
  • the radiation element is formed by an alloy which is based on Fe or Ni and contains Al and which, when subjected to heat in an oxygen-containing atmosphere, forms a protective alumina layer on the outer surface thereof.
  • Such steel has the advantage of having a superior heat resistance and presenting a long life as radiation elements in the harsh environment generated in a boiler.
  • the radiation element is formed by steel that contains 10-30 mass%, preferably 15-25 mass% Cr, 2-7 mass% Al, balance Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • steel has excellent heat resistance, corrosion resistance and ability of generating protective alumina layer when subjected to heat in an oxygen-containing atmosphere.
  • the steel should be subjected to temperatures of 700 oC, preferably 1050oC or above in order to obtain such a protective alumina layer.
  • the radiation element is formed by steel that contains 10 - 30 mass%, preferably 15-25 mass% Cr, 2-7 mass% Al, 1-4 mass% Mo, balance Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • the presence of Mo in this steel contributes to a further improved hot strength.
  • the radiation element is formed by steel that contains 10 - 30 mass%, preferably 15-25 mass% Cr, 2-7 mass% Al, 1-4 mass% Mo, 0,01-1,0 mass% rare earth metals (REM), balance Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • REM contributes to an improved corrosion and oxidation resistance.
  • the radiation element is formed by steel that contains 10 - 30 mass%, preferably 15-25 mass% Cr, 2-7 mass% Al, 1-4 mass% Mo, 0,01-1,0 mass% rare earth metals (REM), 0,05-2,0 mass% Ti, Zr, Y and Hf, balance Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • REM contributes to an improved corrosion and oxidation resistance.
  • the steam boiler may comprise a plurality of radiation elements.
  • the radiation elements may then be located between such rows or on each side of each row. Thereby, each such row may be heated from two opposite sides thereof by two adjacent radiation elements arranged on opposite side of said row.
  • the radiation elements may be distributed in a predetermined manner such that they cover predetermined parts of the water and/or steam conveying element. Thereby, the radiation element will have the technical effect of enabling a control of the condensation of depositions.
  • FIG 1 shows schematically a steam boiler according to a first preferred embodiment of the invention. For clarity reasons only components that are relevant for the invention are shown.
  • the boiler 1 is a coal fired steam boiler. This type of boiler comprises a combustion zone 11 in which burners 11 produce hot flue gases of a temperature up to 1250°C. The temperature of the steam produced in the boiler is in the range of 400 - 700°C.
  • the boiler could also be a bubbling fluidized bed steam boiler, in which the combustion takes place in a combustion zone of a one meter deep sand layer on the bottom of boiler.
  • the boiler 1 comprises a first section 10 and second section 20 which are defined by circumferential walls 9. It is possible that the boiler only comprises one section, i.e. the first section 10. It is also possible that the boiler comprises more than one two sections. Burners 11 are arranged in the combustion zone in the bottom portion 8 of the first section 10 of the boiler, in this case the burners are coal fired, however the burners could be fuelled by other types of combustive material such as natural gas. The burners 11 produce hot flue gases 12 which, under high turbulence, flow up through the first section of 10 of the boiler, over to the second section 20 and out through a gas outlet 40. In the case that the boiler only comprises one section, the gas outlet 40 is located in this section. The expelled flue gas 12 is thereafter subjected to catalytic purifying and released or used for other purposes. These steps are not shown in figure 1 .
  • the boiler 1 further comprises a roof 13.
  • the inner surfaces of the circumferential walls, i.e. the surfaces that faces the combustion gases, of the first and the second sections 10, 20 are lined with a water and/or steam conveying element in the form of steam tubes 30.
  • a water and/or steam conveying element in the form of steam tubes 30 In figure 1 , only portions of the tubes 30 in the bottom of the boiler sections are shown in order not to obscure other relevant parts of the boiler. However, the tubes 30 run from the bottom of each boiler section 10, 20 to the top of each section 10, 20 so that essentially the whole interior of the boiler is covered by tubes. Water enters the steam tubes at a water inlet 21 in the first boiler section 10 and is pumped through the boiler by a circulation pump, not shown. As the water is pumped through the steam tubes 30 from the first boiler section 10 the second boiler section 20 it is heated into steam by the hot fluid gases in the boiler.
  • the boiler also comprises further water and/or steam conveying elements in the form of two arrangements of superheater tubes for increasing the temperature of the steam coming from the steam tubes 30.
  • a primary superheater arrangement 50 is arranged in the second section 20 of the boiler
  • a secondary superheater arrangement 60 is arranged in the first section 10 of the boiler.
  • any number of superheater arrangements could be arranged in the boiler.
  • Saturated steam is led from the steam tubes 30 in the second boiler section into the primary superheater 50.
  • the steam is circulated through the first superheater arrangement 50 and led over to the secondary superheater arrangement 60 in the first section 10 of the boiler which comprises a steam outlet 52 where the superheated, dry steam is led out of the boiler.
  • the superheater arrangements 50 and 60 typically comprise several sections of U-shaped tubes 61 that are arranged in a side-by side manner so that a large tube volume is achieved.
  • Figure 2 shows a detailed view of a section 61 of a superheater arrangement that comprises several U-shaped tubes 61 a, 61 b, 61 c.
  • the superheater arrangements 50, 60 comprise radiation elements 70 which, contrary to the superheater tubes or the steam tubes in the boiler, are not cooled by steam or water.
  • the radiation elements are arranged between the sections of U-shaped tubes 61 in the superheater so that as much as possible of the surface of the radiation elements faces the superheater tubes.
  • the radiation elements are arranged parallel to the main flow direction of the flue gases.
  • the radiation elements are partially obscured by the super heater arrangements 60 and 50.
  • Figure 3 shows schematically in detail a radiation element and the three sections of the superheater arrangement 60.
  • figure 3 shows three superheater sections 61 and one radiation element 70.
  • the superheater arrangement could comprise any number of tubes sections 61 and also any number of radiation elements 70.
  • two additional radiation elements could be arranged in the empty spaces between the tube sections 61.
  • the superheater sections 61 in figure 3 are identical to the superheater section 61 of figure 2 , however, in order to not obscure the radiation element, only the outermost U-shaped tube is shown in each section.
  • the radiation element 70 is a flat sheet of heat resistant steel.
  • a flat steel sheet is advantageous as radiation element since it is available at relatively low cost and covers a large surface.
  • the flat steel sheet has two large flat side surfaces 71, 72 and a circumferential edge portion 73.
  • the steel sheet has a thickness of 3 - 50 mm.
  • the radiation element 70 is arranged such that the normal N to its flat side surfaces is perpendicular to the main flow direction of the flue gas 12 and such that its edge portion 73 faces the gas flow..
  • the steel is an alumina forming FeCrAl-steel which has high resistance to oxidation and corrosion from the flue gas.
  • the steel comprises, in wt%, 15 to 25% Cr, 2 to 7% Al, 1-4 % Mo, 0,01-1,0 % Rare earth metals, and balance Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • Kanthal APMT commercialized by Sandvik AB. This alloy, which is dispersion strengthened through powder metallurgy, exhibits good corrosion properties, good mechanical strength and high resistance to creep deformation at high temperatures.
  • NiFeCrAl-alloys containing 15 - 30% Cr and 2 to 7% Al plus minor additions. Ni is balance but might also be partially substituted with Fe.
  • the radiation element is arranged so that at least one of its two large side surfaces faces the tube section 61 of the superheater. It is further dimensioned such that the total surface area of the portion of the radiation elements that faces the superheater tubes equals to at least 3 percent of the total outer surface area of the superheater tubes.
  • the total surface area of the radiation elements is at least 3 percent of the total outer surface area of the superheater tubes a significant heat contribution by radiation is given to the steam in the superheater tubes.
  • the surface area of the radiation elements is large in comparison to the total outer surface area of the superheater tubes since the heat transfer by radiation to the superheater tubes thereby increases.
  • the surface area of the portion of the radiation elements that faces the superheater tube has a surface area that is at least 5 percent of the total outer surface area of the superheater tubes, more preferred 7 percent, more preferred at least 10 percent thereof, more preferred at least 15 percent thereof, more preferred at least 25 percent thereof.
  • the maximum dimensions of the radiation elements are limited by the flow conditions in the boiler as well as the operating conditions and design of the boiler and are determined in each separate case.
  • each of the radiation elements has a rectangular form with a height of 6 meters and a width of 2 meter.
  • the radiation element may also be assembled from several smaller parts.
  • an opening could be provided in the radiation element.
  • Figure 3 indicates schematically with dashed lines the position of a rectangular opening 71 in the radiation element 70. The remained of the steel sheet, i.e. the border 72 around the opening covers the superheater tubes.
  • the radiation element could be provided with turbulence promoting elements (not shown) to promote turbulent flow around superheater and radiation element.
  • the intensity per surface unit of the heat radiation from a point- or line shaped heat source decreases with the distance.
  • the distance between the radiation element and the superheater tube large is large enough to allow the flue gases to flow unhindered over the superheater tube.
  • the distance should be large enough to allow a turbulent flow of flue gases between superheater tube and radiation element.
  • the radiation elements and the superheater tubes may have various shapes and dimensions and therefore the exact distance between superheater tubes and radiation elements must be determined for each application in question.
  • the distance is between the radiation elements and superheater tube is 20 to 60 cm.
  • the radiation elements 70 are preferably attached to the roof of the boiler. According to one alternative, one or several steel bars 90 are attached in the roof of the boiler over the superheater tubes.
  • the radiation elements 70 comprise fastening elements 80, for example pins, or hooks or rings that are attached, e.g. by welding or riveting to the upper edge of the sheet.
  • the radiation element could comprises any number of fastening elements, for example two or three or five.
  • the fastening elements are attached to the steel bar 90 so that the radiation elements hang down between the superheater tubes. This can be achieved in many different ways, the fastening elements may for example be welded to the bar so that the radiation element hangs in a fixed manner. It is also possible to attach the upper edge of the radiation element directly to the roof of the boiler.
  • the radiation elements are attached to other portions of the boiler, for example the walls.
  • the radiation element is attached to un-cooled surfaces, i.e. surfaces which are not cooled by steam or water, for example a portion of the roof or to the bar 90.
  • Thermal expansion in combination with temperature gradients during operation of the boiler may introduce mechanical stresses in the radiation elements and cause deformation, such as bending or buckling.
  • the radiation element In order to prevent or reduce the mechanical stress in the radiation elements it is therefore preferred to arrange the radiation element so that at least one end thereof can expand freely, for example by hanging the radiation elements from the roof of the boiler as described above.
  • the radiation element comprises fastening elements in the form of rings or hooks and is hung onto the bar 90. This allows the radiation elements to expand in all directions and the amount of mechanical stresses is reduced even more.
  • the radiation element comprises fastening elements in the form of rings or hooks it is also possible to hang the radiation element directly on to water and/or steam conveying elements in the boiler, for example onto a superheater tube.
  • a radiation element displacement element may be provided, which is in engagement with the radiation element and extends to the outside of the boiler, such that it can be operated from outside the boiler for the purpose of displacing the radiation element 70.
  • This can be achieved by attaching the steel bar 90, onto which the radiation element 70 is attached, to a pivotal tap in the roof of the boiler or by arranging the steel bar slidable in a slot in the roof. The steel bar 90 may be manoeuvred from the outside by a lever.
  • the function of the superheater arrangement should be clear from the forgoing.
  • the flue gases 12 from the burners 11 heats the radiation elements 70 which at equilibrium assumes a temperature given by the flue gas temperature and the radiation heat loss.
  • the net effect is that radiation heat is absorbed by the superheater tubes, which are cooler than the radiation elements, and further conducted to the steam that flows in the tubes.
  • radiation elements are arranged adjacent the steam or water conducting tubes 30 that forms the walls of the boiler.
  • the surface area of the portion of the radiation elements that faces the steam tubes should be at least 3 percent of the total area of the steam tubes in the walls of the boilers in order to achieve a significant heat transfer to the steam or water in the tubes.
  • a significant heat transfer could also be achieved when the surface area of the radiation elements is at least 3 percent of the total surface area of the tubes 30 in a portion of the walls of the boiler. For example, at least 3 percent of the total surface area of the tubes in one of the boiler sections 10, 20.
  • the total surface area of the radiation elements should be at least 5 percent of the total outer surface area of the steam tubes, more preferred 7 percent, more preferred at least 10 percent thereof, more preferred at least 15 percent thereof, more preferred at least 25 percent thereof.
  • At least a portion of the boiler wall comprises a water and/or steam conveying element in the form of a double walled lining (not shown in the figures).
  • a double walled lining (not shown in the figures).
  • This is typically an elongated rectangular closed space which is manufactured from steel sheets that are welded together. Water is introduced in one end of the double wall lining and in the other end the water is distributed over a manifold into the steam tubes that lines the boiler wall.
  • radiation elements are arranged adjacent to such a double walled lining.
  • the surface area of the portion of the radiation element that faces the double wall lining should be at least 3 percent of the total area of the double wall lining to achieve a significant heat transfer.
  • the total surface area of the radiation elements should be at least 5 percent of the total outer surface area of the double walled lining, more preferred at least 10 percent thereof, more preferred at least 15 percent thereof, more preferred at least 25 percent thereof.
  • radiation elements both in the vicinity of the steam tubes in the wall of the boiler and in the vicinity of the superheaters and the double wall lining. It is also possible to only arrange radiation elements in the vicinity of some of these water and/or steam conveying elements.
  • a selective application of the radiation elements provides the possibility to control the amount of heat flow in different portions of the boiler. It is thereby possible to compensate for a varying heat distribution that may be caused by fuels of varying composition or ash content.
  • the radiation elements could be spaced in any manner over the water and/or steam conveying elements. For example, several radiation elements could be arranged close to each other in one portion of the steam tubes in the wall of the boiler whereas other elements could be arranged further spaced apart in other portions of the boiler wall. As mentioned, it is thereby possible to control the amount and the location of depositions that condensate in the boiler.
  • the radiation element is a rod shaped element in the form of an elongated bar of circular cross-section, such as a round bar.
  • the radiation element could also have a rectangular cross-section.
  • the radiation element could also be hollow, for example a thick-walled tube.
  • the radiation element could have any suitable diameter, e.g. 2 - 20 mm and be of any length, depending on the size of the steam conveying element, for example 6 meters.
  • the advantage with radiation elements of round cross-section is that an equal amount of heat is radiated 360° around the radiation element. It is thereby possible to heat several steam conveying elements with relatively few radiation elements.
  • the compact round radiation elements occupies little space and therefore have little impact of the gas flow.
  • the rod shaped radiation element is arranged in the flow of the flue gases so that flue gas meet the end surface of the radiation element.
  • the radiation element is arranged such that its longitudinal axis L is parallel to the gas flow and its normal N is perpendicular to the gas flow.
  • the heating effect of the inventive radiation element in a steam boiler will in the following be shown by a calculated example.
  • calculations of temperatures and heat transfers have been made based on empirical data from conventional boiler designs. Flue gas absorption and emission coefficient are assumed to be equal and all surfaces are assumed to have emission and absorption coefficient 0.8 and further to have the same convective heat transfer properties.
  • primary radiation, first and second reflections and absorption in the gas volume has been considered.
  • the calculation shows the heat that is absorbed in a superheater arrangement in an oil fired compact boiler.
  • One calculation is made for an inventive overheater arrangement with a radiation element and one calculation is made for a conventional overheater arrangement without radiation element.
  • Figure 6 shows a conventional superheater tube arrangement in a side view.
  • the gas flow is cross the tubes in the vertical direction.
  • the superheater arrangement consists of several superheater tubes 60.
  • the distance between the tubes is about 80 mm in this example.
  • Figure 7 shows an inventive superheater arrangement in which flat radiation elements 70 are arranged between the superheater tubes 60. Note that the radiation elements are arranged at a distance from the superheater tubes.
  • Table 2 shows further simulation results of the present invention.
  • the temperature of water and/or steam conveying and the temperature of flat sheet radiation elements have been calculated for various flue gas temperatures and various boiler components.
  • Table 2 Relation between temperature of water and/or steam conveying surface, temperature of radiation element, and gas temperature. Cooled surface temperature °C Radiation element temperature °C Flue gas Temperature °C Boiler Tertiary superheater 555 670 790 Empty shaft 450 675 800 Panel superheater 490 710 900 Panel superheater 490 745 1000 Boiler surface 400 710 1000
  • the radiation element may have any type of geometrical shape, such as the shape of an aeroplane wing or a spool shape.
  • the boiler could also be of a type that only comprises steam and/or water conveying elements in the form of steam/water tubes in the wall of the boiler.

Claims (14)

  1. Dampfkessel (1), der mindestens ein Wasser- und/oder Dampf förderndes Bauteil (30, 60) enthält, das durch die heißen Abgase in dem Kessel erhitzt wird, wobei der Dampfkessel (1) mindestens ein Strahlungselement (70) enthält, wobei;
    das Strahlungselement (70) ein ungekühltes Bauteil ist; das Strahlungselement (70) im Strom der heißen Abgase (12) so angeordnet ist, dass es konvektiv durch die Abgase erhitzt wird; das Strahlungselement (70) sich in einem vorbestimmten Abstand von dem mindestens einen Wasser- und/oder Dampf fördernden Bauteil (30, 60) befindet, wobei der vorbestimmte Abstand so angepasst ist, dass der Strom der heißen Abgase zwischen dem Strahlungselement und dem Wasser- und/oder Dampf fördernden Bauteil nicht behindert wird und dass das Wasser- und/oder Dampf fördernde Bauteil durch die Wärmestrahlung des Strahlungselementes geheizt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Strahlungselement (70) aus einer Legierung hergestellt wird, die auf Fe oder Ni basiert und Al enthält und die, wenn sie in einer Sauerstoffenthaltenden Atmosphäre Hitze ausgesetzt wird, eine schützende Aluminiumoxidlage auf der äußeren Oberfläche bildet.
  2. Dampfkessel nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Strahlungselement (70) so angeordnet ist, dass der Strom der heißen Abgase (12) ohne die Flussrichtung zu ändern an dem Strahlungselement vorbeifließt.
  3. Dampfkessel nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei das Strahlungselement im Strom der Abgase so angeordnet ist, dass das ganze Strahlungselement dem Strom der Abgase ausgesetzt ist.
  4. Dampfkessel nach einem der Ansprüche 1-3, wobei das Wasser- und/oder Dampf fördernde Bauteil (30, 60) mindestens ein Dampf förderndes Überhitzerrohr (60) ist.
  5. Dampfkessel nach einem der Ansprüche 1-4, wobei das Strahlungselement (70) mindestens 3 Prozent, vorzugsweise mindestens 10%, der Oberfläche des Wasser- und/oder Dampf führenden Bauteils (30, 60), das direkt den Abgasen ausgesetzt ist, aufweist.
  6. Dampfkessel nach einem der Ansprüche 1-5, wobei das Strahlungselement sich im Wesentlichen parallel zur Flussrichtung der Abgase erstreckt.
  7. Dampfkessel nach einem der Ansprüche 1-6, wobei das Strahlungselement (70) eine Platte (70) ist, die zwei seitliche Oberflächen (71, 72) und eine umlaufende Kante (73) aufweist, wobei das Strahlungselement so angeordnet ist, dass eine Normale auf einer seiner seitlichen Oberflächen (71, 72) rechtwinklig zur Flussrichtung der heißen Abgase (12) ist und so, dass der Randbereich der Platte dem Strom der heißen Abgase zugewandt ist.
  8. Dampfkessel nach einem der Ansprüche 1-7, wobei das Strahlungselement (70) eine Wellplatte ist.
  9. Dampfkessel nach einem der Ansprüche 1-6, wobei das Strahlungselement ein verlängertes Stabelement ist, wobei das Strahlungselement so angeordnet ist, dass seine radiale Achse R rechtwinklig zur Flussrichtung der Abgase verläuft.
  10. Dampfkessel nach Anspruch 9, wobei das Strahlungselement einen kreisförmigen oder einen rechteckigen Querschnitt hat.
  11. Dampfkessel nach einem der Ansprüche 1-10, wobei das Strahlungselement flexibel an einer ungekühlten Oberfläche des Kessels (1) befestigt ist.
  12. Dampfkessel nach einem der Ansprüche 1-11, wobei das Strahlungselement (70) flexibel am Kessel befestigt ist, sodass mindestens ein Ende des Strahlungselementes sich frei ausdehnen oder zusammenziehen kann.
  13. Dampfkessel nach einem der Ansprüche 1-12, wobei das Strahlungselement (70) so angeordnet ist, dass es flexibel vom Wasser- und/oder Dampf führenden Bauteil herabhängt.
  14. Dampfkessel nach einem der Ansprüche 11-13, wobei das Strahlungselement Haken oder Ringe aufweist, um das Strahlungselement an das Wasser- und/oder Dampf führende Bauteil zu hängen.
EP12809797.9A 2011-12-21 2012-12-19 Dampferzeuger mit einem strahlungselement Not-in-force EP2795189B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12809797.9A EP2795189B1 (de) 2011-12-21 2012-12-19 Dampferzeuger mit einem strahlungselement

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11194868 2011-12-21
PCT/EP2012/076083 WO2013092660A2 (en) 2011-12-21 2012-12-19 A steam boiler comprising a radiation element
EP12809797.9A EP2795189B1 (de) 2011-12-21 2012-12-19 Dampferzeuger mit einem strahlungselement

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2795189A2 EP2795189A2 (de) 2014-10-29
EP2795189B1 true EP2795189B1 (de) 2016-10-19

Family

ID=47501246

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12809797.9A Not-in-force EP2795189B1 (de) 2011-12-21 2012-12-19 Dampferzeuger mit einem strahlungselement

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20150122201A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2795189B1 (de)
JP (1) JP6121441B2 (de)
CN (1) CN104040254B (de)
DK (1) DK2795189T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2611304T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2013092660A2 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107883364A (zh) * 2017-12-21 2018-04-06 中国石油天然气第八建设有限公司 固定式高热效率直流注汽锅炉

Family Cites Families (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190910233A (en) 1909-04-30 1910-04-28 Samuel Simister Improvements in Wash Boilers or Boiling Pans.
GB191010233A (en) * 1910-04-26 1911-04-26 Alfred Fernandez Yarrow Improvements in the Distribution of Furnace Gases in Water Tube Boilers.
US1818021A (en) * 1929-03-26 1931-08-11 Superheater Co Ltd Spacing and supporting means
FR1154090A (fr) 1955-05-10 1958-04-02 Babcock & Wilcox France Perfectionnements aux groupes tubulaires d'évaporation et de chauffage de vapeur
CH412168A (de) * 1963-11-18 1966-04-30 Sulzer Ag Rauchgaszug eines Dampferzeugers
US3318374A (en) * 1965-09-17 1967-05-09 Dominion Bridge Co Ltd Protectors for heating surfaces of boiler tubes
JPS49104001A (de) 1973-02-12 1974-10-02
US4226279A (en) 1978-08-15 1980-10-07 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Method of suppressing formation of heat exchange fluid particles into standing waves
CH642155A5 (de) 1979-08-22 1984-03-30 Sulzer Ag Dampferzeuger mit zwischenwand zwischen zwei brennkammern.
GB8405681D0 (en) * 1984-03-05 1984-04-11 Shell Int Research Surface-combustion radiant burner
US4766736A (en) * 1987-10-13 1988-08-30 Thermal King Corporation Evaporator coil heat exchanger assembly
CN2030697U (zh) * 1988-04-18 1989-01-11 江崇侠 强化传热结构
CN2081509U (zh) * 1989-02-14 1991-07-24 于海涛 远红外消烟节能锅炉
EP0860674B1 (de) * 1994-07-22 2000-06-28 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Wärmetauscher
CN2466531Y (zh) * 2001-02-27 2001-12-19 王惠生 节能环保式锅炉烟道
JP3581928B2 (ja) * 2001-11-27 2004-10-27 石川島汎用ボイラ株式会社 小型貫流ボイラ
CN2586095Y (zh) * 2002-12-03 2003-11-12 吴强 内热管凝结式燃气直流热水、采暖锅炉
JP4074846B2 (ja) * 2003-09-25 2008-04-16 株式会社タクマ 多管式ボイラ
DE102010061186B4 (de) * 2010-12-13 2014-07-03 Alstom Technology Ltd. Zwangdurchlaufdampferzeuger mit Wandheizfläche und Verfahren zu dessen Betrieb

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2611304T3 (es) 2017-05-08
WO2013092660A3 (en) 2013-10-17
CN104040254A (zh) 2014-09-10
CN104040254B (zh) 2016-09-21
JP2015506451A (ja) 2015-03-02
EP2795189A2 (de) 2014-10-29
DK2795189T3 (en) 2017-01-30
JP6121441B2 (ja) 2017-04-26
WO2013092660A2 (en) 2013-06-27
US20150122201A1 (en) 2015-05-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CA1198948A (en) Steam cooled hanger tube for horizontal superheaters and reheaters
US9212816B2 (en) Economizer arrangement for steam generator
GB1577105A (en) Band type tube support
JPH0313482B2 (de)
HU185530B (en) Gas- or oil-fired warm water, hot water or steam boiler
EP2795189B1 (de) Dampferzeuger mit einem strahlungselement
RU179529U1 (ru) Котел с конвективной поверхностью нагрева
RU168146U1 (ru) Котёл водогрейный с многоходовым теплообменником
US9909462B2 (en) Duct burner of HRSG with liner film cooling
EP2724106B1 (de) System von wärmetauscherröhren
RU2386905C1 (ru) Теплогенератор
JP3924175B2 (ja) 蒸気過熱器
CN102132095B (zh) 再热锅炉
CN109764328B (zh) 一种超临界二氧化碳锅炉使用方法
US4410037A (en) Recuperator
RU2327083C1 (ru) Водогрейный котел
RU53410U1 (ru) Устройство для подогрева газа и нефти
WO2021149196A1 (ja) ボイラの伝熱パネル構造
RU140646U1 (ru) Водогрейный котел
US2806454A (en) Separately fired superheaters
RU2805943C2 (ru) Котел
RU2151949C1 (ru) Паровой котел
JP7427918B2 (ja) ボイラ
KR102583907B1 (ko) 열교환관 및 이를 포함하는 보일러
JP2018096574A (ja) ボイラ

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20140721

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: F22B 37/10 20060101AFI20160513BHEP

Ipc: F22G 1/06 20060101ALI20160513BHEP

Ipc: F22G 7/14 20060101ALI20160513BHEP

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20160701

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 838683

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20161115

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 602012024410

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: SE

Ref legal event code: TRGR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DK

Ref legal event code: T3

Effective date: 20170126

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: MP

Effective date: 20161019

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 5

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG4D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161019

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MK05

Ref document number: 838683

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20161019

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170119

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161019

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170120

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2611304

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

Effective date: 20170508

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161019

Ref country code: RS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161019

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161019

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170219

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161019

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170220

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161019

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161019

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 602012024410

Country of ref document: DE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161019

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161019

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161019

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161019

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170119

Ref country code: SM

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161019

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20170720

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161019

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: MM4A

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20161219

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20161231

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20161231

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 6

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20161219

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161019

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO

Effective date: 20121219

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161019

Ref country code: MK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161019

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20161219

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161019

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161019

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DK

Payment date: 20201210

Year of fee payment: 9

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 20201211

Year of fee payment: 9

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20201110

Year of fee payment: 9

Ref country code: FI

Payment date: 20201209

Year of fee payment: 9

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20201208

Year of fee payment: 9

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20201209

Year of fee payment: 9

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20201125

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20210108

Year of fee payment: 9

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 602012024410

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FI

Ref legal event code: MAE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DK

Ref legal event code: EBP

Effective date: 20211231

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: SE

Ref legal event code: EUG

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20211219

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20211219

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20211220

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20211219

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20220701

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20211231

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20211219

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20211231

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20230327

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20211220