EP2789960A1 - Method, in particular for determining the condition of a fire-resistant lining of a metallurgical melting vessel - Google Patents

Method, in particular for determining the condition of a fire-resistant lining of a metallurgical melting vessel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2789960A1
EP2789960A1 EP13163565.8A EP13163565A EP2789960A1 EP 2789960 A1 EP2789960 A1 EP 2789960A1 EP 13163565 A EP13163565 A EP 13163565A EP 2789960 A1 EP2789960 A1 EP 2789960A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
data
vessel
parameters
measured
lining
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP13163565.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2789960B1 (en
Inventor
Gregor Lammer
Christoph Jandl
Karl-Michael Zettl
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Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH and Co KG
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Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH and Co KG
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Application filed by Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH and Co KG
Priority to PL13163565T priority Critical patent/PL2789960T3/en
Priority to EP13163565.8A priority patent/EP2789960B1/en
Priority to ES13163565T priority patent/ES2716202T3/en
Priority to EP20130184161 priority patent/EP2789961A1/en
Priority to RU2015141841A priority patent/RU2674185C2/en
Priority to JP2016506820A priority patent/JP2016519751A/en
Priority to KR1020217011221A priority patent/KR102497401B1/en
Priority to CN201480020507.1A priority patent/CN105074371B/en
Priority to US14/777,810 priority patent/US20160282049A1/en
Priority to MX2015011067A priority patent/MX365555B/en
Priority to JP2016506819A priority patent/JP2016519750A/en
Priority to PCT/EP2014/054474 priority patent/WO2014166679A1/en
Priority to MX2015010538A priority patent/MX2015010538A/en
Priority to KR1020157031887A priority patent/KR20150143588A/en
Priority to PCT/EP2014/054473 priority patent/WO2014166678A1/en
Priority to CA2896916A priority patent/CA2896916A1/en
Priority to KR1020157030576A priority patent/KR20150140303A/en
Priority to RU2015138120A priority patent/RU2015138120A/en
Priority to AU2014252323A priority patent/AU2014252323A1/en
Priority to BR112015024597A priority patent/BR112015024597A2/en
Priority to CN201480020917.6A priority patent/CN105102915A/en
Priority to BR112015024594A priority patent/BR112015024594A2/en
Priority to CA2901222A priority patent/CA2901222C/en
Priority to AU2014252322A priority patent/AU2014252322A1/en
Priority to NZ711079A priority patent/NZ711079B2/en
Priority to US14/777,770 priority patent/US20160298907A1/en
Priority to UAA201509459A priority patent/UA118553C2/en
Publication of EP2789960A1 publication Critical patent/EP2789960A1/en
Priority to IL239709A priority patent/IL239709A0/en
Priority to ZA2015/05037A priority patent/ZA201505037B/en
Priority to IL240485A priority patent/IL240485B/en
Priority to SA515360957A priority patent/SA515360957B1/en
Priority to ZA2015/06533A priority patent/ZA201506533B/en
Priority to US16/002,419 priority patent/US10935320B2/en
Priority to JP2018212008A priority patent/JP2019039668A/en
Publication of EP2789960B1 publication Critical patent/EP2789960B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Priority to JP2021072326A priority patent/JP2021119264A/en
Priority to JP2023123181A priority patent/JP2023145627A/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D21/00—Arrangements of monitoring devices; Arrangements of safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D21/00—Arrangements of monitoring devices; Arrangements of safety devices
    • F27D21/0021—Devices for monitoring linings for wear
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/44—Refractory linings
    • C21C5/445—Lining or repairing the taphole
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings increasing the durability of linings or breaking away linings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings increasing the durability of linings or breaking away linings
    • F27D1/1636—Repairing linings by projecting or spraying refractory materials on the lining
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings increasing the durability of linings or breaking away linings
    • F27D1/1636—Repairing linings by projecting or spraying refractory materials on the lining
    • F27D1/1642—Repairing linings by projecting or spraying refractory materials on the lining using a gunning apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D21/00—Arrangements of monitoring devices; Arrangements of safety devices
    • F27D21/0014—Devices for monitoring temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D21/00—Arrangements of monitoring devices; Arrangements of safety devices
    • F27D21/0035—Devices for monitoring the weight of quantities added to the charge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/15—Tapping equipment; Equipment for removing or retaining slag
    • F27D3/1509—Tapping equipment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/15—Tapping equipment; Equipment for removing or retaining slag
    • F27D3/1509—Tapping equipment
    • F27D3/1518—Tapholes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/44—Refractory linings
    • C21C2005/448—Lining wear indicators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D2001/0046—Means to facilitate repair or replacement or prevent quick wearing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method, in particular for determining the state of a refractory lining of a metallurgical vessel, preferably a melting vessel, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • WO 2007/107242 is a method for determining the wall thickness or wear of the lining of a metallurgical melting vessel with a scanner system for contactless detection of the lining surface with determination of the position and orientation of the scanner system and assignment to the position of the melting vessel revealed by the detection of fixed spatial reference points.
  • a perpendicular reference system is used and the inclinations of two axes with respect to a horizontal plane are measured by inclination sensors.
  • the measurement data of the scanner can be transformed into a perpendicular coordinate system and thus an automated measurement of the respective actual state of the lining of the melting vessel is possible.
  • the present invention has the object to provide a method by means of which the durability of the refractory lining of a metallurgical vessel and the process itself can be optimized and manual decisions are reduced or virtually eliminated.
  • the method according to the invention provides that data of a respective vessel are comprehensively collected and stored in a data structure, and from all the measured and determined data or parameters a calculation model is created by means of which these data or parameters are determined by calculations and subsequent calculations Analyzes are evaluated.
  • the method relates in particular to metallurgical vessels, such as such a vessel 10 as an embodiment in Fig. 1 is shown cut.
  • the vessel 10 in the present case is a known converter in steelmaking.
  • the vessel 10 consists essentially of a metal housing 15, a refractory lining 12 and gas purging 17, 18, which can be coupled with a gas supply not shown in detail.
  • molten metal is treated metallurgically, for example, by a blown, which is not explained in detail.
  • a blown which is not explained in detail.
  • several such converters are in use in a steelworks at the same time and it is necessary to record the data for each of these converters.
  • the method can of course be applied to various metallurgical vessels, such as electric furnace, blast furnace, steel ladle, non-ferrous metal vessel such as aluminum smelting furnace, copper anode furnace or the like.
  • the method is characterized by the fact that it can be applied for different containers.
  • the refractory linings of all converters and pans in operation can be determined, in which the same melt is first treated in a converter and subsequently poured into steel pans.
  • the data divided into groups of a respective vessel 10 are comprehensively collected and stored in a data structure.
  • production data group is recorded during the period of use of the respective vessel 10, such as Melt quantity, temperature, composition of the melt or slag and their thickness, tapping times, temperature profile, treatment time and / or metallurgical parameters; like special additives in the melt.
  • the above production data is recorded.
  • a mathematical model is created from at least part of the measured and determined data or parameters, by means of which these data or parameters are evaluated by calculations and subsequent analyzes.
  • the maximum duration of use, the wall thicknesses, the materials and / or the care data of the refractory lining 12 or conversely the process sequences in the treatment of the melt can be optimized. It can sometimes be decided from these analyzes on the further use without or with repairs of the lining. It requires no more or limited to a manual experiential interpretation of the duration of use of the liner 12 and the other sizes to be determined, such as wall thickness, material selection etc ..
  • the metallurgical vessel 10 such as a converter, divided into different sections 1 to 10, wherein the upper Gefässteil the sections 1, 2, 8, the side Gefässteil the sections 3, 7, 9 and the vessel bottom, the sections 4, 5, 6 are assigned.
  • the data is checked for plausibility after the acquisition, and if one or more values are missing or torn out, these are corrected or deleted. After preferably individually checking the data, these are saved to a merged valid record.
  • a reduced number is selected from the measured or determined data or parameters for the recurrent calculations or analyzes, this taking place as a function of empirical values or by calculation methods.
  • This selection of the measured or determined data or parameters for the recurring Calculations or analyzes are carried out by means of algorithms, for example a random feature selection.
  • the other data obtained but not further utilized are used for statistical purposes or for later recording for the reconstruction of production errors or the like.
  • the calculation model is adapted as a further advantage of the invention, by which the wear can be calculated or simulated taking into account the collected and structured data.
  • This adapted calculation model is especially suitable for the use of test purposes in order to test out or simulate process sequences and to make targeted changes.
  • At least one outlet opening (not shown in greater detail) is laterally provided in vessel 10 in a manner known per se, in which case usually a special tapping with a plurality of refractory sleeves arranged one behind the other is used.
  • a special tapping with a plurality of refractory sleeves arranged one behind the other is used.
  • the state of this tapping is measured or determined and included in the inventive calculation model.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)

Abstract

Ein Verfahren dient insbesondere zur Bestimmung des Zustandes der feuerfesten Auskleidung eines die Metallschmelze enthaltenden Gefässes (10). Es werden dabei umfassend Pflegedaten, Produktionsdaten, Wandstärken nach dem Einsatz eines Gefässes (10) zumindest bei Stellen mit dem grössten Abnützungsgrad sowie weitere Prozessparameter eines jeweiligen Gefässes (10) gemessen bzw. ermittelt. Sodann werden diese Daten gesammelt und in einer Datenstruktur gespeichert. Daraus wird aus zumindest einem Teil der gemessenen bzw. ermittelten Daten bzw. Parametern ein Rechenmodell erstellt, mittels dem diese Daten bzw. Parameter durch Berechnungen und daraus folgenden Analysen ausgewertet werden. Damit können zusammenhängende bzw. ganzheitliche Ermittlungen und daraus Analysen erfolgen, aus denen Optimierungen sowohl in Bezug auf die Gefässauskleidung als auch auf den gesamten Prozessablauf der Metallschmelze im Gefäss erzielt werden.A method is used in particular for determining the state of the refractory lining of a vessel containing the molten metal (10). Care data, production data, wall thicknesses after the use of a vessel (10) are measured or determined at least at locations with the greatest degree of wear as well as further process parameters of a respective vessel (10). Then these data are collected and stored in a data structure. From this, a mathematical model is created from at least part of the measured or determined data or parameters, by means of which these data or parameters are evaluated by calculations and subsequent analyzes. This can be combined or holistic investigations and analysis done from which optimizations both in terms of the vessel lining and on the entire process flow of the molten metal in the vessel can be achieved.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren insbesondere zur Bestimmung des Zustandes einer feuerfesten Auskleidung eines metallurgischen Gefässes, vorzugsweise eines Schmelzgefässes, nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a method, in particular for determining the state of a refractory lining of a metallurgical vessel, preferably a melting vessel, according to the preamble of claim 1.

Es existieren Berechnungsmethoden für die Auslegung der feuerfesten Auskleidung insbesondere von metallurgischen Schmelzgefässen, bei denen ermittelte Daten bzw. Erfahrungswerte in mathematische Modelle überführt werden. Da mit diesen mathematischen Modellen die effektiven Verschleissmechanismen bei den Einsätzen der metallurgischen Gefässen nicht hinreichend genau erfasst bzw. berücksichtigt werden können, sind die Möglichkeiten für ein rechnerisches Bestimmen der Feuerfestzustellungen sowie der Pflegearbeiten der Auskleidung sehr beschränkt, d.h. dass die Entscheidungen über die Einsatzdauer der Feuerfestauskleidung eines Gefässes, zum Beispiel eines Konverters, nach wie vor manuell getroffen werden müssen.There are calculation methods for the design of the refractory lining, in particular of metallurgical melting vessels, at which determined data or empirical values are converted into mathematical models. Since with these mathematical models, the effective wear mechanisms in the inserts of the metallurgical vessels can not be detected or considered with sufficient accuracy, the possibilities for a computational determination of the refractory linings and the care of the lining are very limited, ie that the decisions on the duration of use of the refractory lining a vessel, such as a converter, still needs to be hit manually.

Bei einem Verfahren gemäss der Druckschrift WO-A-03/081157 zum Messen der Reststärke der feuerfesten Auskleidung im Wand-und/oder Bodenbereich eines metallurgischen Gefässes, z. B. eines Lichtbogenofens, werden die ermittelten Messdaten für das nachfolgende Sanieren der festgestellten Verschleissbereiche verwendet. Die Messeinheit wird dabei an einem zum Sanieren der Auskleidung dienenden Manipulator in eine Messposition über oder innerhalb des metallurgischen Gefässes gebracht und es wird dann die Reststärke der Auskleidung in deren Wand- und/oder Bodenbereich gemessen. Aus einem Vergleich mit einem am Anfang der Ofenreise gemessenen Istprofil der Auskleidung wird deren Verschleiss ermittelt, aus denen dann die feuerfeste Auskleidung saniert werden kann. Mit diesem Verfahren ist aber auch keine umfassende Ermittlung der Gefässauskleidung möglich.In a method according to the document WO-A-03/081157 for measuring the residual strength of the refractory lining in the wall and / or bottom area of a metallurgical vessel, for. As an electric arc furnace, the measured data determined for the subsequent renovation of the detected wear areas are used. The measuring unit is brought to a serving for refurbishing the lining manipulator in a measuring position above or within the metallurgical vessel and it is then measured the residual thickness of the lining in the wall and / or floor area. From a comparison with a measured at the beginning of the furnace travel actual profile of the lining whose wear is determined, from which then the refractory lining can be rehabilitated. With this method, however, no comprehensive determination of the vessel lining is possible.

Gemäss der Druckschrift WO-A-2007/107242 ist ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Wandstärke oder des Verschleisses der Auskleidung eines metallurgischen Schmelzgefässes mit einem Scannersystem zur berührungslosen Erfassung der Auskleidungsfläche mit Ermittlung der Position und Orientierung des Scannersystems und Zuordnung zu der Position des Schmelzgefässes durch die Erfassung von raumfesten Referenzpunkten geoffenbart. Es wird dabei ein lotrechtes Bezugssystem verwendet und die Neigungen von zwei Achsen bezüglich einer waagrechten Ebene werden mittels Neigungssensoren gemessen. Die Messdaten des Scanners können in ein lotrechtes Koordinatensystem transformiert und es ist damit ein automatisiertes Messen des jeweiligen Istzustandes der Auskleidung des Schmelzgefässes möglich.According to the document WO 2007/107242 is a method for determining the wall thickness or wear of the lining of a metallurgical melting vessel with a scanner system for contactless detection of the lining surface with determination of the position and orientation of the scanner system and assignment to the position of the melting vessel revealed by the detection of fixed spatial reference points. In this case, a perpendicular reference system is used and the inclinations of two axes with respect to a horizontal plane are measured by inclination sensors. The measurement data of the scanner can be transformed into a perpendicular coordinate system and thus an automated measurement of the respective actual state of the lining of the melting vessel is possible.

Ausgehend von diesen bekannten Berechnungsmethoden bzw. Messverfahren liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zu schaffen, mittels welchem die Haltbarkeit der feuerfesten Auskleidung eines metallurgischen Gefässes und der Prozess an sich optimiert werden kann und manuelle Entscheidungen dafür reduziert bzw. praktisch eliminiert werden.Based on these known calculation methods or measuring methods, the present invention has the object to provide a method by means of which the durability of the refractory lining of a metallurgical vessel and the process itself can be optimized and manual decisions are reduced or virtually eliminated.

Erfindungsgemäss ist diese Aufgabe nach den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.According to the invention this object is achieved according to the features of claim 1.

Das Verfahren nach der Erfindung sieht vor, dass Daten eines jeweiligen Gefässes umfassend gesammelt und in einer Datenstruktur gespeichert werden, und aus all den gemessenen und ermittelten Daten bzw. Parametern ein Rechenmodell erstellt wird, mittels dem diese Daten bzw. Parameter durch Berechnungen und daraus folgenden Analysen ausgewertet werden.The method according to the invention provides that data of a respective vessel are comprehensively collected and stored in a data structure, and from all the measured and determined data or parameters a calculation model is created by means of which these data or parameters are determined by calculations and subsequent calculations Analyzes are evaluated.

Mit diesem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren können bei einem metallurgischen Gefäss nicht nur Messungen für die Feststellung des Istzustandes des Gefässes nach dessen Gebrauch ermittelt werden, sondern es können zusammenhängende bzw. ganzheitliche Ermittlungen und daraus Analysen erfolgen, aus denen Optimierungen sowohl in Bezug auf die Gefässauskleidung als auch auf den gesamten Prozessablauf der in das Gefäss eingefüllten und darin behandelten Schmelze erzielt werden.With this method according to the invention, not only measurements for the determination of the actual state can be made in a metallurgical vessel of the vessel after its use, but it is possible to carry out coherent investigations and analyzes therefrom, from which optimization is achieved both with regard to the vessel lining and to the entire process flow of the melt introduced into the vessel and treated therein.

Weitere vorteilhafte Einzelheiten dieses Verfahrens im Rahmen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen definiert.Further advantageous details of this method in the context of the invention are defined in the dependent claims.

Ausführungsbeispiele sowie weitere Vorteile der Erfindung sind nachfolgend anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
einen schematischen Längsschnitt eines in Sektoren unterteilten metallurgischen Gefässes.
Embodiments and other advantages of the invention are explained below with reference to a drawing. It shows:
Fig. 1
a schematic longitudinal section of a sectored metallurgical vessel.

Das Verfahren bezieht sich insbesondere auf metallurgische Gefässe, wie ein solches Gefäss 10 als Ausführungsbeispiel in Fig. 1 geschnitten dargestellt ist. Bei dem Gefäss 10 handelt es sich vorliegend um einen an sich bekannten Konverter bei der Stahlerzeugung. Das Gefäss 10 besteht im Wesentlichen aus einem Metallgehäuse 15, einer feuerfesten Auskleidung 12 und Gasspülsteinen 17, 18, welche mit einer nicht näher gezeigten Gasversorgung koppelbar sind.The method relates in particular to metallurgical vessels, such as such a vessel 10 as an embodiment in Fig. 1 is shown cut. The vessel 10 in the present case is a known converter in steelmaking. The vessel 10 consists essentially of a metal housing 15, a refractory lining 12 and gas purging 17, 18, which can be coupled with a gas supply not shown in detail.

Die im Betrieb in dieses Gefäss 10 eingefüllte Metallschmelze wird beispielsweise durch ein Blasverfahren metallurgisch behandelt, was nicht näher erläutert ist. Üblicherweise sind in einem Stahlwerk gleichzeitig mehrere solcher Konverter im Einsatz und es sind für jeden dieser Konverter die Daten zu erfassen.The filled during operation in this vessel 10 molten metal is treated metallurgically, for example, by a blown, which is not explained in detail. Usually, several such converters are in use in a steelworks at the same time and it is necessary to record the data for each of these converters.

Das Verfahren kann selbstverständlich für verschiedene metallurgische Gefässe angewendet werden, wie zum Beispiel für Elektroofen, Hochofen, Stahlpfannen, Gefässe im Bereich von Nichteisenmetallen, wie Aluminium-Schmelzofen, Kupfer-Anodenofen oder dergleichen.The method can of course be applied to various metallurgical vessels, such as electric furnace, blast furnace, steel ladle, non-ferrous metal vessel such as aluminum smelting furnace, copper anode furnace or the like.

Das Verfahren zeichnet sich noch dadurch aus, dass es gleichsam für verschiedene Behälter angewendet werden kann. So können beispielsweise die feuerfesten Auskleidungen aller im Betrieb stehenden Konverter und Pfannen bestimmt werden, bei denen die gleiche Schmelze zuerst in einem Konverter behandelt und nachfolgend in Stahlpfannen umgegossen werden.The method is characterized by the fact that it can be applied for different containers. For example, the refractory linings of all converters and pans in operation can be determined, in which the same melt is first treated in a converter and subsequently poured into steel pans.

Es werden als Erstes die in Gruppen unterteilten Daten eines jeweiligen Gefässes 10 umfassend gesammelt und in einer Datenstruktur gespeichert.First, the data divided into groups of a respective vessel 10 are comprehensively collected and stored in a data structure.

Um den Verschleiss als eine Gruppe der innerhalb des Metallgehäuses 15 eingebetteten Gefässauskleidung 12 zu messen, erfolgt dies vorerst bei der in der Regel mit unterschiedlichen Steinen 14, 16 bzw. Wandstärken versehenen neuen Feuerfestzustellung. Dies kann eben durch Messen oder durch das Bekanntsein der vorgegebenen Abmessungen der Steine 14, 16 erfolgen. Zudem werden die Materialien und Materialeigenschaften der verwendeten Steine 14, 16 und der allfällig verwendeten Einspritzmaterialien erfasst.In order to measure the wear as a group of embedded within the metal housing 15 vessel liner 12, this is done initially in the usually provided with different stones 14, 16 and wall thicknesses new Feuerfestbestellung. This can be done just by measuring or by the knownness of the given dimensions of the stones 14, 16. In addition, the materials and material properties of the stones used 14, 16 and the possibly used injection materials are detected.

Bei der weiteren als Produktionsdaten bezeichneten Gruppe erfolgt eine Aufzeichnung während der Einsatzdauer des jeweiligen Gefässes 10, wie Schmelzmenge, Temperatur, Zusammensetzung der Schmelze bzw. der Schlacke und deren Dicke, Abstichzeiten, Temperaturverlauf, Behandlungszeit und/oder metallurgische Parameter; wie besondere Zusätze in der Schmelze. Je nach Art des Gefässes werden nur ein Teil oder alle genannten Produktionsdaten aufgezeichnet.In the other designated as production data group is recorded during the period of use of the respective vessel 10, such as Melt quantity, temperature, composition of the melt or slag and their thickness, tapping times, temperature profile, treatment time and / or metallurgical parameters; like special additives in the melt. Depending on the type of vessel, only part or all of the above production data is recorded.

Des weiteren erfolgt dann eine Messung der Wandstärken der Auskleidung 12 nach dem Einsatz eines Gefässes 10 zumindest bei den Stellen mit dem grössten Verschleiss, beispielsweise bei den Kontaktstellen der Schlacke bei gefülltem Gefäss, aber vorzugsweise der gesamten Auskleidung 12. Es genügt dabei, wenn die Messung der Wandstärken der Auskleidung 12 nach einer Anzahl von Abstichen durchgeführt wird.Furthermore, then a measurement of the wall thicknesses of the liner 12 after use of a vessel 10 at least at the points with the greatest wear, for example at the contact points of the slag with a filled vessel, but preferably the entire liner 12. It is sufficient if the measurement the wall thickness of the liner 12 is performed after a number of taps.

Es können dann noch weitere Prozessparameter, wie Einfüll- bzw. Abstichart der Metallschmelze in bzw. aus dem Schmelzgefäss ermittelt werden.It can then be determined other process parameters, such as filling or Abstichart the molten metal in or out of the melting vessel.

Erfindungsgemäss wird aus zumindest einem Teil der gemessenen und ermittelten Daten bzw. Parametern ein Rechenmodell erstellt, mittels dem diese Daten bzw. Parameter durch Berechnungen und daraus folgenden Analysen ausgewertet werden.According to the invention, a mathematical model is created from at least part of the measured and determined data or parameters, by means of which these data or parameters are evaluated by calculations and subsequent analyzes.

Durch dieses erfindungsgemässe erstellte Rechenmodell können die maximale Einsatzdauer, die Wandstärken, die Materialien und/oder die Pflegedaten der feuerfesten Auskleidung 12 oder umgekehrt die Prozessabläufe bei der Behandlung der Schmelze optimiert werden. Dabei kann aus diesen Analysen mitunter über die weitere Verwendung ohne oder mit Reparaturen der Auskleidung entschieden werden. Es bedarf nicht mehr oder nur beschränkt einer manuellen erfahrungsmässigen Auslegung der Einsatzdauer der Auskleidung 12 und der andern festzulegenden Grössen, wie Wandstärken, Materialauswahl etc..By means of this created calculation model according to the invention, the maximum duration of use, the wall thicknesses, the materials and / or the care data of the refractory lining 12 or conversely the process sequences in the treatment of the melt can be optimized. It can sometimes be decided from these analyzes on the further use without or with repairs of the lining. It requires no more or limited to a manual experiential interpretation of the duration of use of the liner 12 and the other sizes to be determined, such as wall thickness, material selection etc ..

Zweckmässigerweise wird das metallurgische Gefäss 10, wie zum Beispiel ein Konverter, in verschiedene Sektionen 1 bis 10 unterteilt, wobei dem oberen Gefässteil die Sektionen 1, 2, 8, dem seitlichen Gefässteil die Sektionen 3, 7, 9 und dem Gefässboden die Sektionen 4, 5, 6 zugeordnet sind.Conveniently, the metallurgical vessel 10, such as a converter, divided into different sections 1 to 10, wherein the upper Gefässteil the sections 1, 2, 8, the side Gefässteil the sections 3, 7, 9 and the vessel bottom, the sections 4, 5, 6 are assigned.

Mit dem Rechenmodell werden die Sektionen 1 bis 10 einzeln bzw. unabhängig voneinander ausgewertet. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass die unterschiedlichen Belastungen der Auskleidung im Gefässboden, den Seitenwandungen bzw. bei dem oberen Gefässteil entsprechend berücksichtigt werden können.With the calculation model sections 1 to 10 are evaluated individually or independently of each other. This has the advantage that the different loads of the lining in the vessel bottom, the side walls or in the upper vessel part can be considered accordingly.

Vor oder während dem Erstellen des Rechenmadells werden die Daten nach der Erfassung hinsichtlich ihrer Plausibilität geprüft und bei Vorliegen eines Fehlens oder Ausreissens eines oder mehrere Werte werden diese jeweils korrigiert oder gelöscht. Nach dem vorzugsweise einzelnen Prüfen der Daten werden diese zu einem zusammengefügten gültigen Datensatz gespeichert.Before or during the compilation of the calculation, the data is checked for plausibility after the acquisition, and if one or more values are missing or torn out, these are corrected or deleted. After preferably individually checking the data, these are saved to a merged valid record.

Vorteilhaft werden eine reduzierte Anzahl aus den gemessenen bzw. ermittelten Daten bzw. Parametern für die wiederkehrenden Berechnungen bzw. Analysen ausgewählt, wobei dies in Abhängigkeit von Erfahrungswerten oder durch Rechenmethoden erfolgt. Diese Auswahl der gemessenen bzw. ermittelten Daten bzw. Parametern für die wiederkehrenden Berechnungen bzw. Analysen erfolgt mittels Algorithmen, beispielsweise einer Random Feature Selection.Advantageously, a reduced number is selected from the measured or determined data or parameters for the recurrent calculations or analyzes, this taking place as a function of empirical values or by calculation methods. This selection of the measured or determined data or parameters for the recurring Calculations or analyzes are carried out by means of algorithms, for example a random feature selection.

Die übrigen ermittelten, aber nicht weiter verwerteten Daten, werden zu statistischen Zwecken oder für eine spätere Aufzeichnung für das Rekonstruieren von Produktionsfehlern oder ähnlichem verwendet.The other data obtained but not further utilized are used for statistical purposes or for later recording for the reconstruction of production errors or the like.

Aus den Messungen der Wandstärken der Auskleidung 12 nach einer Anzahl von Abstichen mittels einer Analyse, zum Beispiel einer Regressionsanalyse, wird als weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung das Rechenmodell adaptiert, durch welches der Verschleiss unter Berücksichtigung der gesammelten und strukturierten Daten berechnet oder simuliert werden kann. Dieses adaptierte Rechenmodell eignet sich speziell auch zur Verwendung von Testzwecken, um daraus Prozessabläufe auszutesten bzw. zu simulieren und gezielte Veränderungen vorzunehmen.From the measurements of the wall thicknesses of the lining 12 after a number of taps by means of an analysis, for example a regression analysis, the calculation model is adapted as a further advantage of the invention, by which the wear can be calculated or simulated taking into account the collected and structured data. This adapted calculation model is especially suitable for the use of test purposes in order to test out or simulate process sequences and to make targeted changes.

Die Erfindung ist mit dem oben erläuterten Ausführungsbeispiel ausreichend dargetan. Selbstverständlich könnte sie noch durch andere Varianten realisiert sein.The invention is sufficiently demonstrated with the embodiment explained above. Of course, it could still be realized by other variants.

So ist bei dem Gefäss 10 in an sich bekannter Weise seitlich noch mindestens eine nicht näher gezeigte Auslassöffnung vorgesehen, bei welcher üblicherweise ein spezieller Abstich mit mehreren aneinandergereihten Feuerfesthülsen verwendet wird. Selbstverständlich wird auch der Zustand dieses Abstiches gemessen bzw. ermittelt und in das erfindungsgemässe Rechenmodell mit einbezogen.Thus, at least one outlet opening (not shown in greater detail) is laterally provided in vessel 10 in a manner known per se, in which case usually a special tapping with a plurality of refractory sleeves arranged one behind the other is used. Of course, the state of this tapping is measured or determined and included in the inventive calculation model.

Claims (11)

Verfahren insbesondere zur Bestimmung des Zustandes der feuerfesten Auskleidung eines die Metallschmelze enthaltenden Gefässes, bei dem Daten dieser feuerfesten Auskleidung (12), wie Materialien, Wanddicke, Einbauart und weitere erfasst bzw. gemessen und ausgewertet werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die nachfolgenden gemessenen bzw. ermittelten Daten eines jeweiligen Gefässes (10) umfassend gesammelt und in einer Datenstruktur gespeichert werden, nämlich
Figure imgb0001
die anfängliche Feuerfestzustellung der inneren Gefässauskleidung (12), wie Materialien, Materialeigenschaften, Wandstärken von Steinen und/oder Einspritzmaterialien als Pflegedaten;
Figure imgb0002
Produktionsdaten während dem Einsatz, wie Schmelzmenge, Temperatur, Zusammensetzung der Schmelze bzw. der Schlacke und deren Dicke, Abstichzeiten, Temperaturverläufe, Behandlungszeiten und/oder metallurgische Parameter;
Figure imgb0003
Wandstärken der Auskleidung nach dem Einsatz eines Gefässes (10) zumindest bei Stellen mit dem grössten Abnützungsgrad;
Figure imgb0004
weitere Prozessparameter, wie Einfüll- bzw. Abstichart der Metallschmelze in bzw. aus dem Gefäss (10);
dass aus zumindest einem Teil der gemessenen bzw. ermittelten Daten bzw. Parametern ein Rechenmodell erstellt wird, mittels dem diese Daten bzw. Parameter durch Berechnungen und daraus folgenden Analysen ausgewertet werden.Method, in particular for determining the state of the refractory lining of a vessel containing the molten metal, in which data of this refractory lining (12), such as materials, wall thickness, type of installation and others, are recorded or measured and evaluated, characterized in that
the subsequent measured or determined data of a respective vessel (10) are collected in a comprehensive manner and stored in a data structure, namely
Figure imgb0001
the initial refractory lining of the inner vessel lining (12), such as materials, material properties, wall thicknesses of stones and / or injection materials as care data;
Figure imgb0002
Production data during use, such as melt quantity, temperature, composition of the slag and its thickness, tapping times, temperature profiles, treatment times and / or metallurgical parameters;
Figure imgb0003
Wall thicknesses of the lining after the use of a vessel (10) at least in places with the greatest degree of wear;
Figure imgb0004
other process parameters, such as filling or Abstichart the molten metal in or out of the vessel (10);
a mathematical model is generated from at least part of the measured or determined data or parameters, by means of which these data or parameters are evaluated by calculations and subsequent analyzes. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Daten nach der Erfassung hinsichtlich ihrer Plausibilität geprüft und bei Vorliegen eines Fehlens, Ausreissens eines oder mehrere Werte diese jeweils korrigiert oder gelöscht werden.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the data after the detection in terms of plausibility checked and in the presence of a lack, tearing one or more values these are respectively corrected or deleted. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Daten nach dem vorzugsweise einzelnen Prüfen zu einem zusammengefügten gültigen Datensatz gespeichert werden.A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the data are stored after the preferably individual check to a joined valid data set. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine reduzierte Anzahl aus den gemessenen bzw. ermittelten Daten bzw. Parametern für die wiederkehrenden Berechnungen bzw. Analysen ausgewählt werden, wobei dies in Abhängigkeit von Erfahrungswerten oder durch Rechenmethoden erfolgt.Method according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a reduced number of the measured or determined data or parameters are selected for the recurrent calculations or analyzes, this being done depending on empirical values or by calculation methods. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass diese Auswahl der gemessenen bzw. ermittelten Daten bzw. Parametern für die wiederkehrenden Berechnungen bzw. Analysen mittels Algorithmen, beispielsweise einer Random Feature Selection, erfolgt.A method according to claim 4, characterized in that this selection of the measured or determined data or parameters for the recurrent calculations or analyzes by means of algorithms, for example, a random feature selection, takes place. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die übrigen nicht weiter verwerteten Daten zu statistischen Zwecken oder für eine spätere Aufzeichnung von Daten verwendet wird.A method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the remaining unused data is used for statistical purposes or for a later recording of data. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Messung der Wandstärken der Auskleidung (12) nach einer Anzahl von Abstichen erfolgt, wobei aus diesen Messungen zum einen über die weitere Verwendung ohne oder mit Reparaturen des Gefässes durch dieses Rechenmodell entschieden wird.Method according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the measurement of the wall thicknesses of the lining (12) takes place after a number of taps, wherein from these Measurements on the one hand on the further use without or with repairs of the vessel is decided by this calculation model. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass aus den Messungen der Wandstärken der Auskleidung (12) nach einer Anzahl von Abstichen mittels einer Analyse, zum Beispiel einer Regressionsanalyse, das Rechenmodell adaptiert wird, durch welches der Verschleiss unter Berücksichtigung der gesammelten und strukturierten Daten berechnet werden kann.Method according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 7, characterized in that from the measurements of the wall thicknesses of the lining (12) after a number of taps by means of an analysis, for example a regression analysis, the calculation model is adapted, by which the wear taking into account collected and structured data can be calculated. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Modell für dieses neuronale Netz zu Testzwecken verwendet wird, um daraus Prozessabläufe auszutesten bzw. zu simulieren, um daraus gezielte Veränderungen im realen Betrieb vorzunehmen.Method according to Claim 8, characterized in that the model for this neural network is used for test purposes in order to test out or simulate process sequences in order to make targeted changes in real operation. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das metallurgische Gefäss (10), wie zum Beispiel ein Konverter, in verschiedene Sektionen (1 bis 10) aufgeteilt wird und zu diesen Sektionen unabhängig voneinander Auswertungen aus all den gemessenen und ermittelten Daten bzw. Parametern durch dieses Rechenmodell erfolgen.Method according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the metallurgical vessel (10), such as a converter, into different sections (1 to 10) is divided and independent of each of these sections measured from all the measured and determined Data or parameters are carried out by this computer model. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sektionen (1 bis 10) zum einen über den Umfang des Gefässes (10) und zum andern in seiner Höhe verteilt ausgewählt sind.A method according to claim 10, characterized in that the sections (1 to 10) are selected distributed on the one hand over the circumference of the vessel (10) and on the other hand in its height.
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PL13163565T PL2789960T3 (en) 2013-04-12 2013-04-12 Method for determining the condition of a fire-resistant lining of a metallurgical melting vessel
EP13163565.8A EP2789960B1 (en) 2013-04-12 2013-04-12 Method for determining the condition of a fire-resistant lining of a metallurgical melting vessel
ES13163565T ES2716202T3 (en) 2013-04-12 2013-04-12 Procedure for determining the state of a refractory lining of a metallurgical melt vessel
EP20130184161 EP2789961A1 (en) 2013-04-12 2013-09-12 Method, in particular for determining the condition of the tapping of a metallurgical vessel
AU2014252323A AU2014252323A1 (en) 2013-04-12 2014-03-07 Method for determining the state of a fire-resistant lining of a metallurgical vessel for molten metal in particular
AU2014252322A AU2014252322A1 (en) 2013-04-12 2014-03-07 Method for determining the state of the tap of a metallurgical vessel in particular
KR1020217011221A KR102497401B1 (en) 2013-04-12 2014-03-07 Method for determining the state of a fire-resistant lining of a metallurgical vessel for molten metal in particular
CN201480020507.1A CN105074371B (en) 2013-04-12 2014-03-07 It is used in particular for the method for the state of the refractory liner of the metallurgical furnace of fusing metal for determination
US14/777,810 US20160282049A1 (en) 2013-04-12 2014-03-07 Method for determining the state of a refractory lining of a metallurgical vessel for molten metal in particular
MX2015011067A MX365555B (en) 2013-04-12 2014-03-07 Method for determining the state of a fire-resistant lining of a metallurgical vessel for molten metal in particular.
JP2016506819A JP2016519750A (en) 2013-04-12 2014-03-07 A method for determining the state of the metal outlet in particular of a metallurgical vessel
PCT/EP2014/054474 WO2014166679A1 (en) 2013-04-12 2014-03-07 Method for determining the state of a fire-resistant lining of a metallurgical vessel for molten metal in particular
MX2015010538A MX2015010538A (en) 2013-04-12 2014-03-07 Method for determining the state of the tap of a metallurgical vessel in particular.
KR1020157031887A KR20150143588A (en) 2013-04-12 2014-03-07 Method for determining the state of the tap of a metallurgical vessel in particular
PCT/EP2014/054473 WO2014166678A1 (en) 2013-04-12 2014-03-07 Method for determining the state of the tap of a metallurgical vessel in particular
CA2896916A CA2896916A1 (en) 2013-04-12 2014-03-07 Method for determining the state of the tap of a metallurgical vessel in particular
KR1020157030576A KR20150140303A (en) 2013-04-12 2014-03-07 Method for determining the state of a fire-resistant lining of a metallurgical vessel for molten metal in particular
RU2015138120A RU2015138120A (en) 2013-04-12 2014-03-07 METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE CONDITION OF THE OUTLET, IN PARTICULAR, METALLURGICAL VESSEL
RU2015141841A RU2674185C2 (en) 2013-04-12 2014-03-07 Method for determining state of fire-resistant lining, particularly of metallurgical vessel for molten metal
BR112015024597A BR112015024597A2 (en) 2013-04-12 2014-03-07 method for determining the state of the tap of a particular metallurgical container
CN201480020917.6A CN105102915A (en) 2013-04-12 2014-03-07 Method for determining the state of the tap of metallurgical vessel in particular
BR112015024594A BR112015024594A2 (en) 2013-04-12 2014-03-07 method of determining the state of a refractory lining of a particular molten metal container
CA2901222A CA2901222C (en) 2013-04-12 2014-03-07 Method for determining the state of a fire-resistant lining of a metallurgical vessel for molten metal in particular
JP2016506820A JP2016519751A (en) 2013-04-12 2014-03-07 Method for determining the state of refractory lining of metallurgical vessels, especially for molten metal
NZ711079A NZ711079B2 (en) 2013-04-12 2014-03-07 Method for determining the state of a refractory lining of a metallurgical vessel for molten metal in particular
US14/777,770 US20160298907A1 (en) 2013-04-12 2014-03-07 Method for determining the state of the tap of a metallurgical vessel in particular
UAA201509459A UA118553C2 (en) 2013-04-12 2014-03-07 Method for determining the state of a fire-resistant lining of a metallurgical vessel for molten metal in particular
IL239709A IL239709A0 (en) 2013-04-12 2015-06-29 Method for determining the state of the tap of a metallurgical vessel in particular
ZA2015/05037A ZA201505037B (en) 2013-04-12 2015-07-14 Method for determining the state of the tap of a metallurgical vessel in particular
IL240485A IL240485B (en) 2013-04-12 2015-08-10 Method for determining the state of a refractory lining of a metallurgical vessel for molten metal in particular
SA515360957A SA515360957B1 (en) 2013-04-12 2015-08-27 Method for determining the state of a refractory lining of a metallurgical vessel for molten metal in particular
ZA2015/06533A ZA201506533B (en) 2013-04-12 2015-09-04 Method for determining the state of a fire-resistant lining of a metallurgical vessel for molten metal in particular
US16/002,419 US10935320B2 (en) 2013-04-12 2018-06-07 Method for determining the state of a refractory lining of a metallurgical vessel for molten metal in particular
JP2018212008A JP2019039668A (en) 2013-04-12 2018-11-12 Method for deciding state of refractory lining of metallurgical container for molten metal in particular
JP2021072326A JP2021119264A (en) 2013-04-12 2021-04-22 Method for determining state of refractory lining of metallurgical vessel for molten metal in particular
JP2023123181A JP2023145627A (en) 2013-04-12 2023-07-28 Method for determining state of refractory lining of metallurgy container for molten metal in particular

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