EP2787578B1 - Entraînement de porte comportant un système électrique - Google Patents

Entraînement de porte comportant un système électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2787578B1
EP2787578B1 EP14000915.0A EP14000915A EP2787578B1 EP 2787578 B1 EP2787578 B1 EP 2787578B1 EP 14000915 A EP14000915 A EP 14000915A EP 2787578 B1 EP2787578 B1 EP 2787578B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
injection
molded part
electrical
stamped
stamped part
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14000915.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2787578A3 (fr
EP2787578A2 (fr
Inventor
Michael Hufen
Holger HÄNSCH
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dormakaba Deutschland GmbH
Original Assignee
Dormakaba Deutschland GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Dormakaba Deutschland GmbH filed Critical Dormakaba Deutschland GmbH
Publication of EP2787578A2 publication Critical patent/EP2787578A2/fr
Publication of EP2787578A3 publication Critical patent/EP2787578A3/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R9/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, e.g. terminal strips or terminal blocks; Terminals or binding posts mounted upon a base or in a case; Bases therefor
    • H01R9/22—Bases, e.g. strip, block, panel
    • H01R9/226—Bases, e.g. strip, block, panel comprising a plurality of conductive flat strips providing connection between wires or components
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/40—Securing contact members in or to a base or case; Insulating of contact members
    • H01R13/405—Securing in non-demountable manner, e.g. moulding, riveting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
    • H01R43/16—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for manufacturing contact members, e.g. by punching and by bending
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
    • H01R43/20—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for assembling or disassembling contact members with insulating base, case or sleeve
    • H01R43/24—Assembling by moulding on contact members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R2201/00—Connectors or connections adapted for particular applications
    • H01R2201/26—Connectors or connections adapted for particular applications for vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrical arrangement which is suitable for forwarding electrical signals in a door drive and / or a door closer.
  • cables are mostly used to distribute electrical signals and / or voltages or powers in door drives and / or door closers, with which individual contacts at remote ends of the housing of the door drive are electrically connected.
  • These electrical cables must be routed past the other components of the housing (e.g. gearbox, power supply unit, control circuit boards, motor and carrier body for the aforementioned elements), which on the one hand increases the manufacturing effort and on the other hand increases the risk of damage.
  • appropriate installation space must be reserved in the housing, which means that the housing must have a higher volume and therefore higher material costs are necessary.
  • Pre-assembled cable harnesses are used, but cannot comprehensively and satisfactorily reduce the main disadvantages of the prior art.
  • an electrical arrangement which comprises an injection molded part and a metallic stamped part, the stamped part being positively connected to the injection molded part and end regions of the stamped part protruding from the molded part for the purpose of electrical contacting.
  • An electrical arrangement has an injection-molded part made of plastic, which can serve as a support body for elements inside the door drive, but on the other hand can also combine parts of the housing.
  • a lower part of the housing can contain such a carrier body, an upper part of the housing being placed as a cover on the lower part of the housing or the carrier body.
  • the electrical arrangement has metal stamped parts which are positively connected to the injection molded part.
  • the metallic stamped parts can consist of an electrically conductive material such as sheet metal and have already been integrated into the plastic in the course of an injection molding process for the production of the injection molded part. On the one hand, this protects the stamped parts from corrosion and mechanical damage; on the other hand, embedding the stamped part in the injection-molded part electrically isolates the stamped part from its surroundings.
  • a stamped part can also increase the strength of the entire arrangement.
  • predefined areas of the stamped part can protrude from the injection-molded part. This is preferably ensured during the injection molding process in that the areas of the stamped part which are used for electrical contacting are arranged outside the volume to be filled with plastic.
  • a method for producing an electrical arrangement for a door drive is described.
  • an injection molded part made of plastic is produced, which can serve as a housing part and / or support body in an electric door drive.
  • the injection-molded part On its surface, the injection-molded part has depressions which are designed to receive a metal stamped part.
  • the depressions are only a few millimeters deep, so that a sheet metal can be inserted into the depressions as a metal stamped part.
  • the metal part can be attached, for example, by gluing or clamping or reshaping of the injection molded part.
  • a second injection molding process can now also be carried out with the integrated metal stamped part.
  • domes are provided in the depressions which correspond to openings in the metallic stamped part in such a way that after the metallic stamped part has been inserted into the depressions of the injection molded part, the domes penetrate the metallic stamped part and the stamped part can be positively connected to the injection molded part by hot stamping .
  • domes flank the depressions and encompass the stamped part in the course of hot stamping.
  • the above-mentioned method can be developed by using predefined connecting webs between areas of the stamped part, for. B. can still be severed within the injection mold.
  • a punching process can sever the connecting webs and thus electrically isolate the predefined areas of the punched part from one another.
  • plastic is injected, whereby the predefined areas of the stamped part are permanently electrically isolated from one another and their mechanical position is fixed to one another.
  • the injection-molded plastic part can advantageously combine as many functions as possible, which reduces the cost of manufacture and assembly. It is therefore proposed to design the plastic injection-molded part as at least part of the housing for a door drive or a door closer. Elements or assemblies of the door drive, such as motor, gear, power supply units, fastening elements and control circuit boards, can also be provided in it, such as snap / latching elements with which a cover or a second housing part can be held on the injection molded part.
  • the production as a plastic injection molded part enables an inexpensive and mechanically highly resilient production with a comparatively low weight of the overall arrangement.
  • the plastic injection-molded part can be a sound-decoupling mounting plate for a door drive.
  • the plastic can spread out in the injection-molded part Vibrations are only propagated to a reduced extent on, for example, a door leaf or a wall to which the door drive is attached.
  • the mounting plate is to be understood as the part with which the electrical arrangement is fixed in its surroundings.
  • the stamped part can also advantageously have openings for positioning within the injection mold, which can correspond to positioning aids within an injection mold. In this way, the stamped part can be arranged in a predefined position within an injection mold and fixed in this position during the injection molding.
  • the stamped part can also advantageously have connection elements for making electrical contacts in those areas which are not surrounded by the injection-molded part, or it can be set up for attaching corresponding connection elements.
  • the contact areas can be designed as insulation displacement contacts and / or plug contacts and / or soldering lugs. In this way, the effort for additional parts, with which electrical contacts are usually made, is reduced, and the design can be designed to save space.
  • the plastic injection-molded part is designed as a housing for a drive, which therefore does not have to have a completely separate housing or no housing at all.
  • the stator, rotor and shaft of an electric drive could be inserted directly into corresponding recesses in the plastic injection-molded part and, if necessary, fixed by a cover.
  • the injection-molded plastic part can thus be used as an assembly carrier.
  • the plastic injection-molded part according to the present invention can dispense with mechanical (housing) components of a power supply unit.
  • the electrical arrangement can also advantageously have an integrated plug connection for plugs and / or cards with electrical conductor tracks for controlling the components of a door drive. If necessary, snap / latching elements can be integrated into the plastic injection-molded part or into a cover provided for this in order to fasten these or other elements.
  • the plastic injection-molded part is set up to receive a cover which has stamp elements.
  • stamp elements can interact with cavities in the plastic injection-molded part, for example, in such a way that electrical elements inserted in the plastic part, such as connection lines, are pressed into the insulation displacement contacts of the punched part provided in the plastic injection-molding part to produce an insulation-displacement connection.
  • closing the plastic injection-molded part by means of a cover set up as described above also closes an insulation displacement connection, by means of which electrical elements inserted into the plastic injection-molded part are connected to the punched part.
  • Figure 1 shows a stamped part 3 as it could be provided in an electrical arrangement 1 according to the present invention.
  • the basic material of the stamped part 3 consists of a metal sheet which has elongated recesses through which conductor tracks 16 are formed.
  • the electrical conductor tracks 16 are connected by stabilizing connecting webs 9. These are set up to be cut through only after the punched part 3 has been encapsulated and thus to electrically isolate the conductor tracks 16 from one another as required.
  • centering receiving holes 15 are provided, which can be provided for positioning the stamped part 3 within an injection mold, but alternatively or additionally can also be used as openings 10 for connection to the injection molded part 2 by means of domes.
  • the end areas of the stamped part 3 shown are angled with respect to the main plane of the stamped part 3 in order to be able to make space-saving electrical contacting of the end areas.
  • insulation displacement contacts 6 are provided for connecting cables as well as plug contacts 14 for contacting a circuit card with contact points (not shown) and also plug contacts 17 for contacting by a program switch or a program button.
  • Figure 2 shows an electrical arrangement 1 according to the present invention, in which a stamped part 3 is essentially integrated in an injection molded part 2 as a housing for a door drive.
  • plug contacts 14 of the stamped part 3 protrude from the injection molded part 2, which are connected to Figure 3 is received.
  • a head area of the injection molded part 2 an arrangement for integrating a program switch 18 is shown, which in FIG Figure 2a is described.
  • the interaction of the cover 12 with the insulation displacement contacts 6 is in connection with Figure 4 described.
  • a recess is provided as a recess 19, which can be used on the one hand as a cable outlet, on the other hand as a recess for a shaft of a drive.
  • FIG 2a shows a detailed view "X" of a header area of the in Figure 2 illustrated embodiment of an electrical arrangement 1 according to the invention in sectional view.
  • the program selector switch 18 is inserted into the injection molded part 2 in which it is fixed by means of two snap / latching elements 11.
  • the program selector switch 18 has three electrical contacts which are electrically connected to the plug contacts 17 of the conductor tracks 16 of the stamped part 3.
  • the plug contacts 17 are so exposed in the electrical arrangement 1 that they can be connected to the electrical connections of the program selector switch 18 through a certain elasticity to produce permanent electrical contact.
  • FIG 3 shows a detailed view "Y" of a plug connection as it is by means of the in Figure 2 plug contacts 14 shown and a circuit card 21 can be produced.
  • the plug contacts 14 have recesses which are open on one side and which correspond to contact points 22 of the printed circuit card 21.
  • plug strips 20 for connection to cables can be provided on the printed circuit card 21, via which a further electrical connection of the electrical arrangement 1 can be established.
  • the contact points 22 on the printed circuit card 21 can essentially be represented as exposed contact areas, for example by exposed conductor tracks on a circuit board.
  • Figure 3a shows the in the Figure 3 The arrangement shown in the plugged-in position.
  • the circuit cards 21 are inserted into the recesses in the plug contacts 14, the contact points 22 between an electrical contact the circuit board 21 and the plug contact 14.
  • the flanks of the recess are slightly beveled, so that a funnel-shaped contour is created, which makes it easier for the circuit board 21 to be threaded into the recesses of the contact points 22.
  • Figure 4 shows a partially sectioned illustration of an electrical arrangement 1 on which a cover 12 has been placed.
  • the cover 12 has stamp elements 13a and 13b which correspond to different areas within the injection molded part 2 and stamped part 3 elements.
  • the stamp element 13b has a first thickness with which the stamp 13b fills a recess 4 arranged in the injection molded part 2 over its full width.
  • the stamp element 13b is concave in its head area, so that it corresponds to the insulation of a control cable 23 and presses it into the recess 4.
  • an insulation displacement contact 6 of the stamped part is provided, which has a recess with a width which is smaller than the width of the recess 4 in the injection molded part 2.
  • the width of the recess in the insulation displacement contact 6 corresponds to the core (e.g. a strand) of the control cable 23.
  • the punch element 13a is designed with a smaller thickness than the punch element 13b, so that it corresponds to the recess in the insulation displacement contact 6 and the bare core of the control cable 23, which, for example, in a previous work step has been stripped, pushes into the recess in insulation displacement contact 6 to the bottom.
  • the cover 12 of the arrangement shown has a large number of functions. On the one hand, it ensures a secure closure of the injection-molded part 2; on the other hand, it positions the control cables 23 and also establishes the electrical contact between the control cables 23 and the insulation displacement contacts 6.
  • Figure 5 shows exemplary embodiments for insulation displacement terminals as they could be used for insulation displacement contacts 6.
  • the illustrated embodiments consist essentially of sheet metal parts, one end of which is bent perpendicular to the main plane of the part.
  • the position of the folding lines of the insulation displacement terminals 6b is not aligned here, but a middle insulation displacement terminal protrudes opposite the outer ones perpendicular to the edging direction.
  • the position of the contact points of an electrical connection produced by the arrangement shown will also be at different points. This can be advantageous, for example, if the ground, phase and neutral conductor of an AC connection are to be contacted by an insulation displacement connector each.
  • the illustrated arrangement of the insulation displacement contacts 6 is spatially coded via their relative positions to one another with regard to a non-rotatable contact by means of a predetermined, corresponding socket in order to avoid contact errors.
  • an insulation displacement terminal 6a is shown, with which, for example, the in Figure 4 The arrangement shown could be realized.
  • the recess in insulation displacement terminal 6a is rounded in its upper area.
  • Figure 6 shows an alternative embodiment of an electrical arrangement 1. It can be seen that the conductor tracks 16 of the stamped part 3 are not completely enclosed by the plastic of the injection-molded part 2, but rather are inserted into depressions 4 on its surface. To connect the conductor tracks 16 to the injection-molded part 2, the latter has domes 8, which are each guided through an opening 10 in a conductor track 16. Such an arrangement makes it possible to connect a stamped part to an injection-molded part 2 by hot stamping the dome 8.
  • the injection molding process for manufacturing of the injection molded part 2 is simplified here, while a subsequent work step (hot stamping) is required.
  • clamping contacts 7 are arranged in a balcony-like recess in the injection-molded part 2 in such a way that their beveled end rests closely against the surface of the injection-molded part 2.
  • a part of the beveled end is raised or angled laterally with respect to the surface of the injection molded part 2, so that a clamping connection can be easily established in that an electrical contact can be pushed between the beveled end of the stamped part 3 and the surface of the injection molded part 2.
  • Figure 7a shows a detailed view of a stamped part 3 before this is reworked in a further work step into two conductor tracks 16 separated from one another in that a connecting web 9 is severed. Both conductor tracks 16 have an opening 10 for the purpose of hot stamping.
  • Figure 7b shows that in Figure 7a shown punched part 3, in which the connecting web 9 has been punched out. It can also be seen here that the injection-molded part 2 designed as a system carrier has been at least partially penetrated, so that the (former) connecting web 9 has been punched into the plastic of the injection-molded part 2 or through it. Due to the punching process for cutting through the connecting web or punching out the connecting web, the in Figure 7b illustrated conductor tracks 16 from each other electrically or galvanically isolated.
  • Figure 8 shows an alternative embodiment of an electrical arrangement 1.
  • the injection-molded part 2 is made comparatively thin, so that the stamped part 3 both on its upper side and is only covered by a thin layer of plastic on its underside.
  • Figure 8 shows an exemplary embodiment for a so-called “pre-molded part” 25, in which free punched recesses 24 are arranged in the areas of the connecting webs 9 of an inner punched part 3.
  • the connecting webs 9 can be removed via these free punching recesses 24 without damaging a solid injection-molded part.
  • the risk of punched-out connecting webs 9 remaining in the component and continually or later re-establishing an electrical contact between two conductor tracks 16 is reduced.
  • a modification according to the invention of a manufacturing method for an electrical arrangement 1 can consist in that a stamped part 3 is encapsulated with plastic, free stamping recesses 24 being provided in the injection molded part 2 at predefined positions, then the connecting webs 9 arranged in the area of the free stamping recesses 24 removed by a stamping process the part produced is re-introduced into an injection mold and then overmolded in a second operation.
  • centering holes for positioning the pre-molded part can also be provided in the injection-molded part 2 of the pre-molded part 25.
  • the core idea of the present application is to create an electrical arrangement with which a simple contacting of electrical connections can be made within a door drive or a door closer by surrounding metallic conductor tracks based on sheet metal by a plastic injection molded part, and ends of the sheet metal part by punching and / or bending processes for electrical contacting are prepared. Before or after the injection molding process, areas of the stamped part can be separated from one another in order to electrically isolate them from one another.
  • the composite according to the invention is an electrical one Arrangement in which, on the one hand, the electrical contacts can be produced in an orderly and highly automated manner and also mechanically stabilize the composite, and on the other hand, a space-saving arrangement is created in which elements of add-on parts can already be manufactured or shaped in an integrated manner.

Claims (1)

  1. Entraînement de porte, comportant un agencement électrique (1), et l'agencement électrique (1) comportant:
    - une pièce injectée (2) en matière plastique, et
    - une pièce métallique estampée (3),
    - la pièce injectée (2) étant aménagée comme boîtier pour l'entraînement de porte et/ou un bloc d'alimentation,
    la pièce injectée (2) étant adaptée à recevoir un couvercle (12), lequel comprend des éléments piliers (13), lesquels correspondent à des contacts raccord à isolant glissant (6) de la pièce estampée (3) pour produire une connexion de raccord à isolant glissant, dans lequel
    - la pièce estampée (3) est connectée par la forme à la pièce injectée (2), en ce que la pièce estampée (3) est intégrée dans la pièce injectée (2),
    - et des régions de la pièce estampée (3) font saillie de la pièce injectée (2) ayant pour but le contact électrique, et
    - les régions faisant saillie de la pièce estampée (3) étant aménagées comme contact de raccord à isolant glissant (6) et comme contact à fiche (14).
EP14000915.0A 2013-04-03 2014-03-13 Entraînement de porte comportant un système électrique Active EP2787578B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013103319.9A DE102013103319A1 (de) 2013-04-03 2013-04-03 Elektrische Anordnung und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer elektrischen Anordnung

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2787578A2 EP2787578A2 (fr) 2014-10-08
EP2787578A3 EP2787578A3 (fr) 2014-12-31
EP2787578B1 true EP2787578B1 (fr) 2021-04-28

Family

ID=50336028

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14000915.0A Active EP2787578B1 (fr) 2013-04-03 2014-03-13 Entraînement de porte comportant un système électrique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2787578B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102013103319A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016110234B4 (de) * 2016-06-02 2019-12-24 Te Connectivity Germany Gmbh Gehäuse und Verfahren zur Herstellung solch eines Gehäuses
CN112060467A (zh) * 2020-09-11 2020-12-11 富加宜连接器（东莞）有限公司 一种新型金属线路框的加工方法
CN114465071A (zh) * 2022-01-25 2022-05-10 泉州宝鹭电子有限公司 一种高导电性耐腐蚀线束生产工艺
DE102022125107A1 (de) 2022-09-29 2024-04-04 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Anschlusseinrichtung für eine Leistungselektronikkomponente eines Leistungselektronikmoduls

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19504013C1 (de) 1995-02-07 1996-07-18 Lumberg Karl Gmbh & Co Anschlußvorrichtung zur wahlfreien Herstellung eines wiederverwendbaren elektrischen Anschlusses bzw. Abgriffs an mehradrigen elektrischen Leitungen
EP1129269B1 (fr) 1999-09-06 2006-06-07 GEZE GmbH Ensemble porte ou fenetre automatique
EP2019893B1 (fr) 2006-05-24 2010-09-08 Huf Hülsbeck & Fürst GmbH & Co. KG Poignée pour l'actionnement électrique d'une fermeture sur un abattant ou une porte dans un véhicule
EP1836748B1 (fr) 2005-01-14 2011-11-23 SCHÜCO International KG Profile pour fenetre, porte ou element de façade avec cable electrique

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US4698025A (en) * 1986-09-15 1987-10-06 Molex Incorporated Low profile modular phone jack assembly
DE4445658C2 (de) * 1994-04-15 1997-10-23 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co Verfahren zur Bestückung einer Grundleiste eines Steckverbinders für eine Printplatte mit Kontaktanschlüssen
US5702258A (en) * 1996-03-28 1997-12-30 Teradyne, Inc. Electrical connector assembled from wafers
KR20040043211A (ko) * 2002-11-16 2004-05-24 김승태 커넥터 및 그 제조방법
DE102006028815B3 (de) * 2006-06-21 2007-08-30 Hansa Tronic Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektrischen Hybridbauteils
DE102008029104B3 (de) * 2008-06-20 2010-01-14 Hansatronic Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mehrteiligen Hybridbauteils

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19504013C1 (de) 1995-02-07 1996-07-18 Lumberg Karl Gmbh & Co Anschlußvorrichtung zur wahlfreien Herstellung eines wiederverwendbaren elektrischen Anschlusses bzw. Abgriffs an mehradrigen elektrischen Leitungen
EP1129269B1 (fr) 1999-09-06 2006-06-07 GEZE GmbH Ensemble porte ou fenetre automatique
EP1836748B1 (fr) 2005-01-14 2011-11-23 SCHÜCO International KG Profile pour fenetre, porte ou element de façade avec cable electrique
EP2019893B1 (fr) 2006-05-24 2010-09-08 Huf Hülsbeck & Fürst GmbH & Co. KG Poignée pour l'actionnement électrique d'une fermeture sur un abattant ou une porte dans un véhicule

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Publication number Publication date
EP2787578A3 (fr) 2014-12-31
DE102013103319A1 (de) 2014-10-09
EP2787578A2 (fr) 2014-10-08

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