EP2781865A1 - Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Pelletierung von pulverförmigem oder körnigem Material - Google Patents

Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Pelletierung von pulverförmigem oder körnigem Material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2781865A1
EP2781865A1 EP13160434.0A EP13160434A EP2781865A1 EP 2781865 A1 EP2781865 A1 EP 2781865A1 EP 13160434 A EP13160434 A EP 13160434A EP 2781865 A1 EP2781865 A1 EP 2781865A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pellets
air flow
flow
water
drying
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13160434.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Pietro Barone
Basilio Barone
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siffert SpA
Original Assignee
Siffert SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siffert SpA filed Critical Siffert SpA
Priority to EP13160434.0A priority Critical patent/EP2781865A1/de
Publication of EP2781865A1 publication Critical patent/EP2781865A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B1/00—Preliminary treatment of solid materials or objects to facilitate drying, e.g. mixing or backmixing the materials to be dried with predominantly dry solids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
    • F26B21/08—Humidity
    • F26B21/086—Humidity by condensing the moisture in the drying medium, which may be recycled, e.g. using a heat pump cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/001—Handling, e.g. loading or unloading arrangements
    • F26B25/002—Handling, e.g. loading or unloading arrangements for bulk goods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/02—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by belts carrying the materials; with movement performed by belts or elements attached to endless belts or chains propelling the materials over stationary surfaces
    • F26B17/08—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by belts carrying the materials; with movement performed by belts or elements attached to endless belts or chains propelling the materials over stationary surfaces the belts being arranged in a sinuous or zig-zag path

Definitions

  • the present invention has as object a plant and a method for pelletizing powder or granular material providing in particular a process for drying the pellets for eliminating a water excess existing in the starting material and/or added subsequently to allow the step of producing the pellets.
  • the pellet production involves several technological fields: it is used to make usable the products which otherwise would be available in forms difficult to be used, such as powders, granules or even as muds, sewages, organic material, molasses and so on.
  • pellets, small tablets of compressed material represent a possible use form of a material characterized by great easiness in treatment, storage and use.
  • They are tablets with generally cylindrical shape, with sizes in the order of some millimetres, with high density and low humidity content, generally lower than 10%.
  • pellets Thanks to the substantially granular shape, huge quantities of pellets can be kept in tanks, made to flow in ducts by gravity or thanks to pushing devices, for example screw devices, they can be easily stored in sacks, they can be dispersed inside restricted environments or in the outer environment.
  • the pellets are self-supporting, they do not release powders and remain compact even during treatment steps such as transport, storing, supply and so on.
  • pellets are represented by the organic or organic-mineral fertilisers which are the result of compressing and drying biological and synthetic raw materials.
  • the fertiliser produced in this way is kept and distributed in bags and it can be easily supplied in the environment by mechanical spreading, without dispersion of organic powder which could hinder the spreading operation.
  • pellets Another example of using the pellets is the one concerning the wood combustion, in particular for domestic heating.
  • sawdust for example the residues of the wood processing, is compacted in pellets to be able to be used in automatic systems for supplying fuel in ovens, boilers, stoves.
  • Another example of use is represented by animal feed or by the additives for feeding livestock, wherein various types of organic foods under the form of flours are compacted in pellets to be able to be distributed, even with automatic systems, in the feeders.
  • waste treatment in particular with the purpose of recycling.
  • waste for example wood, paper and cartons, biomasses, organic materials
  • a wide range of waste can be at first minced and broken into small pieces and then collected in pellets for a greater easiness in storage, transport and use.
  • the pellets are manufactured by special extruding devices, wherein a mixture under the form of purée, pulp or of farinaceous type, with a certain humidity content, is compressed by a mould comprising a plurality of holes, therethrough the mixture is extruded.
  • the starting material must have a humidity content in the order of 25 ⁇ 30%. If the starting powder and/or granular material does not represent this humidity content, it must be enriched with water.
  • the humidity quantity in the pellets is not compatible with the subsequent treatment and storage steps.
  • the existing humidity could easily cause the pellet agglomeration which would vanish the above-described advantages.
  • the pellets must be subjected to a drying process, aimed at eliminating the water excess. This process requests that the pellet flow is struck by an air current drying the pellets.
  • this step is critical as such air current inevitably enriches with powders and/or micro - powders (fine dust with particles with sizes in the order of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ m) caused by a minimum surface disintegration of pellets, by the friction between and pellet and by the air current force.
  • the quantity of powders and fine dust in the environment wherein a plant for manufacturing pellets is localized is subjected to strict rules limiting the presence thereof.
  • the drying apparatus must include a complex system of filters to depurate the air current outgoing from drying.
  • the filters whichever type they are, represent an additional cost for the pelletizing process and request a huge energy consumption to implement the air circulation.
  • the technical problem underlying the present invention is to provide a pelletizing plant and a related method which allow obviating the drawback with reference to the known art.
  • the main advantage of the plant and method according to the present invention lies in allowing the drying of pellets without the fact that the air used to this purposes is spread in the environment, by making then useless the use of any filter and by eliminating the risk dispersing in the environment powders, micro-powders, polluting substances and possible bad odours.
  • said powders or micro-powders remain trapped in the drying closed circuit: they dissolve or remain trapped in the condensed water.
  • the volatile portion will reach a certain value of equilibrium in the plant and however will remain confined in the closed circuit.
  • the water recovered by the condensation step is re-entered upwards of the extruding press to humidify the powder and/or granular material.
  • the plant and the method for pelletizing defined above will be described by referring to a plant for producing fertilizing pellets of organo-mineral, dehydrated, cooled and therefore ready-for-package type.
  • the starting material is constituted by a set of raw materials suitable for producing fertilizers, for example but not exclusively powder nitrogenous material.
  • Such raw materials are loaded on dosing hoppers and, by means of an extracting belt, they are introduced into homogenizing mills.
  • the raw material is mixed so as to reach the requested homogenization and a water quantity is added thereto so that the whole humidity, in the present example, reaches a percentage of 8 ⁇ 10%.
  • the so-treated compound is extracted and sent, through a hopper 1, to an extruding press 2, of conventional type too and composed of rotating cylinders compressing the compound and they extrude it through suitable holes.
  • the mutual motion of the cylinders 3, 4 and the pressure implemented between the surfaces compressing the compound produces pellets with small cylinders with standard sizes, with diameter in the order of some millimetres.
  • the pellets produced in this step are hot, due to the effect of compression and extrusion, and they have high humidity content. They must be then dried in order to be subsequently packaged without forming lumps.
  • the drying process usually is performed by inletting hot air which eliminates humidity in form of vapour, which is ejected outside the factory.
  • hot air which eliminates humidity in form of vapour
  • it contains fine dust the density thereof in the area surrounding the factory has to be kept under control and remain below levels well defined by the rules in force.
  • the pellets outgoing from the extruding press 2 are introduced into a drying chamber 5 through a non-return valve 6. Inside said chamber 5 the pellets are spread over a series of ring-like conveyor belts 7 or other equivalent transportation systems, arranged one onto the other one, with the aim of spreading the pellets on the widest possible surface.
  • the belts 7 are arranged one onto the other one, and the pellets pass from to the other one by fall at the end of each belt 7. In this way a flow of pellets descending inside the drying chamber 5 is implemented.
  • the latter is inserted inside a closed circuit, designated as a whole with 10.
  • a closed circuit designated as a whole with 10.
  • the chamber 5 is crossed by an ascending air flow entering form a lower door 8 and outgoing from an upper door 9.
  • the carpets can have a weft, of other type of passage, allowing them to be crossed by the air.
  • the closed circuit 10 is implemented by a duct 11 connected to said doors 8, 9. Upon observing the circuit clockwise, it comprises a device 12 for pumping the air flow which introduces it in an air cooling device, designated as a whole with 13.
  • the purpose of the cooling device 13 is to cool down the humid and hot air which has passed in countercurrent inside the drying chamber 5.
  • the condensation takes place thanks to the presence of coils crossed by a coolant properly cooled by a cooling apparatus F. This determines the formation of rain-like condensate, wherein the impurity particles existing in the air constitute themselves the first condensation nucleus.
  • the humidity contained in the air extracted by the chamber 5 gathers inside the condensing device 14. Condensate results therefrom, containing fine dust in suspension, which is wholly recovered through a recovery line 16 to be then re-introduced upwards of the extruding press 2, thus performing an integration of the water coming from outside.
  • Said recovery line 16 constitutes a device for extracting condensate in the here described plant.
  • the closed circuit A is the air circuit comprising hot and humid air with powders between the chamber 5 and the cooling device 13, and cold air between the cooling device 13 and the chamber 5.
  • the half-closed circuit B is the circuit of the water which is extracted from the condensing device 14, is re-introduced in the extruding press and ends up in the semi-processed humid and hot pellets, therefrom it is then extracted form the cold and dry air current which becomes hot and humid.
  • the cooling fluid used in the condensing device 14 is water, in case added with an antifreeze agent.
  • the temperature of the cooling fluid will be chosen based upon the air temperature in the closed circuit and in particular based upon the content of air humidity subsequent to the drying step.
  • the temperature at the cooling device conveniently will be below the dew-point temperature, which is function of the absolute humidity.
  • air temperature inside the closed circuit will also depend upon the outer temperature.
  • a method for pelletizing powder and/or granular material is implemented, providing the steps of homogenizing the starting material and a possible step of adding water to the mixture to get started with the real pelletizing step.
  • the quantity of water to be added obviously depends upon the operating parameters provided for the extruding press and upon the quantity of water already existing in the starting material. It is meant then that the added water fills-up the difference between already existing water and the requested water content for the extruding press good operation wherein, basically, the water acts as lubricant.
  • the extruding step involves a compression of the starting material and a substantial drawing, with high pressures and localized frictions which determine a general increase in temperature thereto a limited humidity loss can correspond, however not sufficient to avoid agglomeration phenomena.
  • the hot and humid pellets are getting started with a drying process comprising the production of a drying air flow in a closed circuit.
  • the production of such drying air flow comprises a step of pressurizing said air flow, in order to allow the forced circulation thereof.
  • a step of cooling said air flow is provided, wherein there are the condensation and extraction of water residual from the humidity contained in said air flow.
  • the cooled air flow, with reduced humidity content, is got started with the drying of a flow of pellets outgoing from the extruding press, by intersecting the flow of pellets with said air flow downwards said condensing and extracting step.
  • the intersection substantially takes place in countercurrent, inside a drying chamber.
  • the water extracted in the condensing step can be re-introduced in said homogenizing step, obviously if a water addition is requested in said step.
  • the quantity of initial water depends upon the type of starting material and it can or cannot request an integration.
  • Such integration if requested, takes place with the water extracted from the above-mentioned extracting device, so as to re-introduce in the manufacturing process the residues trapped in the extracted water.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
EP13160434.0A 2013-03-21 2013-03-21 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Pelletierung von pulverförmigem oder körnigem Material Withdrawn EP2781865A1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13160434.0A EP2781865A1 (de) 2013-03-21 2013-03-21 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Pelletierung von pulverförmigem oder körnigem Material

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13160434.0A EP2781865A1 (de) 2013-03-21 2013-03-21 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Pelletierung von pulverförmigem oder körnigem Material

Publications (1)

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EP2781865A1 true EP2781865A1 (de) 2014-09-24

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EP13160434.0A Withdrawn EP2781865A1 (de) 2013-03-21 2013-03-21 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Pelletierung von pulverförmigem oder körnigem Material

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160249639A1 (en) * 2013-10-31 2016-09-01 Südzucker Aktiengesellschaft Mannheim/Ochsenfurt Improved pellets containing vital gluten and process for their production
CN106091615A (zh) * 2016-08-02 2016-11-09 芜湖新兴铸管有限责任公司 用于高连铸保护渣的烘烤装置
CN112923716A (zh) * 2021-02-02 2021-06-08 安徽东方天合生物技术有限责任公司 过瘤胃产品加工智能烘干装置

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0356388A2 (de) * 1988-08-22 1990-02-28 Robert Baer Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entwässern von wasserhaltigen Massen
WO2001058815A2 (de) * 2000-02-08 2001-08-16 Erich Netzsch Gmbh & Co. Holding Kg Verfahren und vorrichtung zum trocknen vorentwässerter flüssiger bis feuchter substanzen
US20060101881A1 (en) * 2004-07-19 2006-05-18 Christianne Carin Process and apparatus for manufacture of fertilizer products from manure and sewage
WO2009054033A1 (ja) * 2007-10-26 2009-04-30 World Environmental Design Co., Ltd. 乾燥装置
JP2009133512A (ja) * 2007-11-29 2009-06-18 Kajima Corp 蒸発脱水装置

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0356388A2 (de) * 1988-08-22 1990-02-28 Robert Baer Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entwässern von wasserhaltigen Massen
WO2001058815A2 (de) * 2000-02-08 2001-08-16 Erich Netzsch Gmbh & Co. Holding Kg Verfahren und vorrichtung zum trocknen vorentwässerter flüssiger bis feuchter substanzen
US20060101881A1 (en) * 2004-07-19 2006-05-18 Christianne Carin Process and apparatus for manufacture of fertilizer products from manure and sewage
WO2009054033A1 (ja) * 2007-10-26 2009-04-30 World Environmental Design Co., Ltd. 乾燥装置
JP2009133512A (ja) * 2007-11-29 2009-06-18 Kajima Corp 蒸発脱水装置

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160249639A1 (en) * 2013-10-31 2016-09-01 Südzucker Aktiengesellschaft Mannheim/Ochsenfurt Improved pellets containing vital gluten and process for their production
CN106091615A (zh) * 2016-08-02 2016-11-09 芜湖新兴铸管有限责任公司 用于高连铸保护渣的烘烤装置
CN112923716A (zh) * 2021-02-02 2021-06-08 安徽东方天合生物技术有限责任公司 过瘤胃产品加工智能烘干装置
CN112923716B (zh) * 2021-02-02 2022-02-18 安徽东方天合生物技术有限责任公司 过瘤胃产品加工智能烘干装置

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