EP2776042B1 - Wirkstoffkombinationstherapie zur behandlung von soliden tumoren - Google Patents

Wirkstoffkombinationstherapie zur behandlung von soliden tumoren Download PDF

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EP2776042B1
EP2776042B1 EP12848554.7A EP12848554A EP2776042B1 EP 2776042 B1 EP2776042 B1 EP 2776042B1 EP 12848554 A EP12848554 A EP 12848554A EP 2776042 B1 EP2776042 B1 EP 2776042B1
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inhibitor
igf1r
pharmaceutical composition
combination
mtor inhibitor
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EP2776042A4 (de
EP2776042A2 (de
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Herbert I. HURWITZ
Gordana VLAHOVIC
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Duke University
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Duke University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
    • A61K39/39533—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals
    • A61K39/39558—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals against tumor tissues, cells, antigens
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/4353—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/436—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems the heterocyclic ring system containing a six-membered ring having oxygen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. rapamycin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/439—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom the ring forming part of a bridged ring system, e.g. quinuclidine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
    • A61K39/39533—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals
    • A61K39/3955—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals against proteinaceous materials, e.g. enzymes, hormones, lymphokines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
    • C07K16/2863—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against receptors for growth factors, growth regulators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/54—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the route of administration
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/545—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the dose, timing or administration schedule
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2300/00—Mixtures or combinations of active ingredients, wherein at least one active ingredient is fully defined in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/20—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin
    • C07K2317/21—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin from primates, e.g. man

Definitions

  • IGF1R is a transmembrane RTK that binds primarily to IGF-1 but also to IGF-II and insulin with lower affinity. Binding of IGF-1 to its receptor results in receptor oligomerization, activation of tyrosine kinase, intermolecular receptor autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of cellular substrates (major substrates are IRS1 and Shc).
  • the ligand-activated IGF1R induces mitogenic activity in normal cells and plays an important role in abnormal growth.
  • a major physiological role of the IGF-1 system is the promotion of normal growth and regeneration. Overexpressed IGF1R (type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor) can initiate mitogenesis and promote ligand-dependent neoplastic transformation.
  • IGF1R plays an important role in the establishment and maintenance of the malignant phenotype. Unlike the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, no mutant oncogenic forms of the IGF1R have been identified. However, several oncogenes have been demonstrated to affect IGF-1 and IGF1R expression. The correlation between a reduction of IGF1R expression and resistance to transformation has been seen. Exposure of cells to the mRNA antisense to IGF1R RNA prevents soft agar growth of several human tumor cell lines. IGF1R abrogates progression into apoptosis, both in vivo and in vitro.
  • EGF epidermal growth factor
  • IGF-1 pathway in human tumor development has an important role. IGF1R overexpression is frequently found in various tumors (breast, colon, lung, sarcoma) and is often associated with an aggressive phenotype. High circulating IGF1 concentrations are strongly correlated with prostate, lung and breast cancer risk. Furthermore, IGF1R is required for establishment and maintenance of the transformed phenotype in vitro and in vivo ( Baserga R. Exp. Cell. Res., 1999, 253, 1-6 ). The kinase activity of IGF1R is essential for the transforming activity of several oncogenes: EGFR, PDGFR, SV40 T antigen, activated Ras, Raf, and v-Src.
  • IGF1R insulin growth factor 1 receptor
  • IGF1R expression plays an important role in anchorage-independent growth. IGF1R has also been shown to protect cells from chemotherapy-, radiation-, and cytokine-induced apoptosis. Conversely, inhibition of endogenous IGF1R by dominant negative IGF1R, triple helix formation or antisense expression vector has been shown to repress transforming activity in vitro and tumor growth in animal models.
  • mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition can induce upstream insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) signaling resulting in AKT activation in cancer cells.
  • IGF1R insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor
  • Increase in pAKT has for instance been found in approximately 50% in the tumours of all patients in a Phase I study in patients with advanced solid tumours ( Taberno et al., Journal of Clinical Oncology, 26 (2008), pp 1603-1610 ).
  • an IGF1R inhibitor, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof in combination (e.g., simultaneously, sequentially, or alternately) with an mTOR inhibitor, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof, for use in a method of treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a subject, according to the appended claims.
  • NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer
  • Also described is a method for treating cancer in a subject comprising, consisting of, or consisting essentially of administering to the subject in combination (e.g., simultaneously, sequentially, or alternately) therapeutically effective amounts of an IGF1R inhibitor and an mTOR inhibitor.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides ganitumab and everolimus for use in a method of treating a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a subject, according to the appended claims.
  • NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer
  • the IGF1R inhibitor comprises, consists of, or consists essentially of an antibody.
  • the antibody is a monoclonal antibody.
  • the antibody is ganitumab (also known as AMG 479).
  • the mTOR inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of rapamycin (sirolimus) and derivatives and/or analogs thereof, such as everolimus or RAD001; CCI-779, ABT578, SAR543, ascomycin (an ethyl analog of FK506), AP23573, AP23841, KU-0063794, INK-128, EX2044, EX3855, EX7518, or compounds that bind to the ATP-binding cleft of mTOR, such as AZD08055 and OSI027, and combinations thereof.
  • the mTOR inhibitor comprises everolimus.
  • the IGF1R inhibitor and mTOR inhibitor are co-administered to the subject in the same formulation.
  • the IGF1R inhibitor and mTOR inhibitor are co-administered to the subject in different formulations (e.g., an intravenous formulation and an oral formulation).
  • the IGF1R inhibitor and mTOR inhibitor are co-administered to the subject by the same route.
  • the IGF1R inhibitor and mTOR inhibitor are co-administered to the subject by different routes.
  • administering to the subject is simultaneous. In other aspects, the administering to the subject is sequential.
  • the IGF1R inhibitor is administered in an amount of 0.1 mg/kg to 50 mg/kg. In certain embodiments, the IGF1R inhibitor is administered in an amount of 5 mg/kg to about 25 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg to 22 mg/kg, or 12 mg/kg to 20 mg/kg. In specific aspects, the IGF1R inhibitoris administered in an amount of 12mg/kg or an amount of 20 mg/kg.
  • the mTOR inhibitor is administered in an amount of 0.1 mg to 10 mg. In certain embodiments, the mTOR inhibitor is administered in an amount of 2 mg to 8 mg.
  • the IGF1R inhibitor is administered in a manner selected from the group consisting of once every day, three times every week, two times every week, once every week, once every two weeks, once every three weeks, once every four weeks, or combinations thereof, with or without breaks, changes, or alterations, according to medical need.
  • the mTOR inhibitor is administered in a manner selected from the group consisting of daily, six days a week, five days a week, four days a week, three days a week, two days a week, one day a week, or combinations thereof.
  • the methods may comprise administering to the subject ganitumab at 12 mg/kg every two weeks and everolimus at 5 mg five times weekly.
  • Also described is a method of treating a solid tumor disease in a subject comprising, consisting of, or consisting essentially of administering to the subject 12 mg/kg ganitumab every two weeks and 5 mg everolimus daily.
  • Also described is a method of treating a solid tumor disease in a subject comprising, consisting of, or consisting essentially of administering to the subject 12 mg/kg ganitumab every two weeks and 5 mg everolimus five days per week.
  • Also described is a method of treating a solid tumor disease in a subject comprising, consisting of, or consisting essentially of administering to the subject 12 mg/kg ganitumab every two weeks and 5 mg everolimus three days per week.
  • the non-small cell lung cancer is an adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and the like.
  • the subject is treated for at least two weeks, four weeks, eight weeks, at least three months, at least four months, at least six months, at least nine months, or at least for one year.
  • the methods may further comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of at least one of the following additional treatments selected from the group consisting of radiation, cytotoxic agents, chemotherapeutic agents, anti-cancer agents, and combinations thereof.
  • kits comprising, consisting of, or consisting essentially of a container, the container comprising an IGF1R inhibitor and an mTOR inhibitor, and printed instructions directing the use of a combined treatment of an IGF1R inhibitor and an mTOR inhibitor to a subject as a method for treating cancer in a subject.
  • the kit further comprises a sterile diluent.
  • the IGF-1R inhibitor and the mTOR inhibitor are in separate sub-containers.
  • Articles "a” and “an” are used herein to refer to one or to more than one ( i . e ., at least one) of the grammatical object of the article.
  • an element means at least one element, and thus can include more than one element.
  • the term “subject” and “patient” are used interchangeably herein and refer to both human and nonhuman animals.
  • the term “nonhuman animals” of the disclosure includes all vertebrates, e . g ., mammals and non-mammals, such as nonhuman primates, sheep, dog, cat, horse, cow, chickens, amphibians, reptiles, and the like, for medical and/or laboratory research purposes.
  • the subject is a human patient. More preferably, the subject is a human patient that has cancer.
  • cancer in a subject refers to the presence of cells possessing characteristics typical of cancer-causing cells, such as uncontrolled proliferation, immortality, metastatic potential, rapid growth and proliferation rate, and certain morphological features. Often, cancer cells will be in the form of a tumor or mass, but such cells may exist alone within a subject, or may circulate in the blood stream as independent cells, such as leukemic or lymphoma cells. Suitable examples for cancer as used herein include, but are not limited to, non-small cell lung (NSCL), pancreatic, head and neck, colon, ovarian or breast cancers, or Ewing's sarcoma.
  • NCL non-small cell lung
  • pancreatic head and neck, colon, ovarian or breast cancers
  • Ewing's sarcoma Ewing's sarcoma.
  • cancers that may be treated by the methods described herein include lung cancer, bronchioloalveolar cell lung cancer, bone cancer, skin cancer, cancer of the head or neck, cutaneous or intraocular melanoma, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, rectal cancer, cancer of the anal region, stomach cancer, gastric cancer, uterine cancer, carcinoma of the fallopian tubes, carcinoma of the endometrium, carcinoma of the vagina, carcinoma of the vulva, Hodgkin's Disease, cancer of the esophagus, cancer of the small intestine, cancer of the endocrine system, cancer of the thyroid gland, cancer of the parathyroid gland, cancer of the adrenal gland, sarcoma of soft tissue, Ewing's sarcoma, cancer of the urethra, cancer of the penis, prostate cancer, cancer of the bladder, cancer of the ureter, carcinoma of the renal pelvis, mesothelioma, hepatocellular cancer, biliary cancer, cancer of the kidney, renal cell
  • the precancerous condition or lesion includes, for example, the group consisting of oral leukoplakia, actinic keratosis (solar keratosis), precancerous polyps of the colon or rectum, gastric epithelial dysplasia, adenomatous dysplasia, hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer syndrome (HNPCC), Barrett's esophagus, bladder dysplasia, and precancerous cervical conditions.
  • solid tumor disease refers to those conditions, such as cancer, that form an abnormal tumor mass, such as sarcomas, carcinomas, and lymphomas.
  • solid tumor diseases include, but are not limited to, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), neuroendocrine tumors, thyomas, fibrous tumors, metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), and the like.
  • NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer
  • mCRC metastatic colorectal cancer
  • the solid tumor disease is an adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and the like.
  • IGF1R inhibitor refers to any IGF1R inhibitor that is currently known in the art or that will be identified in the future, and includes any chemical entity that, upon administration to a subject, results in inhibition of a biological activity associated with activation of the IGF-1 receptor in the subject, including any of the downstream biological effects otherwise resulting from the binding to IGF1R of any of its natural ligands.
  • IGF1R inhibitors include any agent that can block IGF1R activation or any of the downstream biological effects of IGF1R activation that are relevant to treating cancer in a subject.
  • An IGF1R inhibitor can act by any mechanism. Non-limiting examples of such mechanisms include binding directly to the intracellular domain of the receptor and inhibiting its kinase activity. Alternatively, such an inhibitor can act by occupying the ligand binding site or a portion thereof of the IGF-1 receptor, thereby making the receptor inaccessible to its natural ligand so that its normal biological activity is prevented or reduced. Alternatively, such an inhibitor can act by modulating the dimerization of IGF1R polypeptides, or interaction of IGF1R polypeptide with other proteins, reduce the amount of active IGF1R present on the cell surface ( e .
  • IGF1R inhibitor can also act by reducing the amount of IGF-1 available to activate IGF1R, by for example antagonizing the binding of IGF-1 to its receptor, by reducing the level of IGF-1, or by promoting the association of IGF-1 with proteins other than IGF1R such as IGF binding proteins ( e . g ., IGFBP2 or IGFBP3).
  • IGF binding proteins e . g ., IGFBP2 or IGFBP3
  • IGF1R inhibitors include, but are not limited to, low molecular weight inhibitors, antibodies or antibody fragments, antisense constructs, small inhibitory RNAs ( i . e ., RNA interference by dsRNA; RNAi), soluble receptor fragments, peptibodies, avimers, and ribozymes.
  • IGF1R inhibitors may include, for example, imidazopyrazine IGF1R inhibitors, quinazoline IGF1R inhibitors, pyrido-pyrimidine IGF1R inhibitors, pyrimido-pyrimidine IGF1R inhibitors, pyrrolo-pyrimidine IGF1R inhibitors, pyrazolo-pyrimidine IGF1R inhibitors, phenylamino-pyrimidine IGF1R inhibitors, oxindole IGF1R inhibitors, indolocarbazole IGF1R inhibitors, phthalazine IGF1R inhibitors, isoflavone IGF1R inhibitors, quinalone IGF1R inhibitors, and tyrphostin IGF1R inhibitors, and all pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates of such IGF1R inhibitors, imidazopyrazine IGF1R inhibitors, pyrimidine-based IGF-1R inhibitors, cyclolignans, cyclolignan
  • IGF1R inhibitors include h7C10 (Centre de für Pierre Fabre), an IGF-1 antagonist; EM-164 (ImmunoGen Inc.), an IGF1R modulator; CP-751871 (Pfizer Inc.), an IGF-1 antagonist; lanreotide (Ipsen), an IGF-1 antagonist; IGF1R oligonucleotides (Lynx Therapeutics Inc.); IGF-1 oligonucleotides (National Cancer Institute); IGF1R protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitors in development by Novartis (e.g., NVP-AEW541, Garcia-Echeverria, C. et al.
  • the IGF1R inhibitor may include an antibody or antibody fragment that can partially or completely block IGF1R activation by its natural ligand.
  • Antibody-based IGF1R inhibitors also include any anti-IGF-1 antibody or antibody fragment that can partially or completely block IGF1R activation.
  • Non-limiting examples of antibody-based IGF1R inhibitors include those described in Larsson, O. et al (2005) Brit. J. Cancer 92:2097-2101 and (2004), Y. H. and Yee, D. (2005) Clin. Cancer Res. 11:944s-950s ; or being developed by Imclone ( e .
  • the IGF1R inhibitor can be a monoclonal antibody, or an antibody or antibody fragment having the binding specificity thereof.
  • the IGF1R inhibitor is an antibody that binds specifically to the human IGF1R. More preferably, the antibody is ganitumab.
  • any treatment that results in a reduction of an activity or signal mediated by IGF1R can be used in the methods described herein. Examples of such treatments are provided in Sachdev et al., 2007, Mol Cancer Ther. 6:1-12 .
  • the treatment comprises administering to the subject a substance that reduces an activity mediated by IGF1R.
  • Such substances include, but are not limited to, antibodies (including fragments and derivatives thereof), peptibodies, and AVIMERSTM (Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA) that bind to IGF1R, IGF-1, or IGF-2, soluble, IGF-1- and/or IGF-2-binding derivatives of IGF1R, small molecules that bind to IGF1R, IGF-1, IGF-2, IRS1, SHC, GRB2, SOS1, PI3K, SHP2, or any other molecule that acts in the IGF1R signaling cascade, IGF-1 or IGF-2 binding proteins (and derivatives thereof), inhibitory nucleic acids (such as siRNA) and derivatives thereof (including peptide nucleic acids).
  • antibodies including fragments and derivatives thereof
  • peptibodies and AVIMERSTM (Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA) that bind to IGF1R, IGF-1, or IGF-2, soluble, IGF-1- and/or IGF-2-
  • Non-limiting examples of such molecules can be found in, for example, US2017239352 (published on August 24, 2017 ); US Pat. App. Pub. No. 07/0299010 (published December 27, 2007 ), 07/0265189 (published November 15, 2007 ), 07/0135340 (published June 14, 2007 ), 07/0129399 (published June 7, 2007 ), 07/0004634 A1 (published January 4, 2007 ), 05/0282761 A1 (published December 22, 2005 ), 05/0054638 A1 (published March 10, 2005 ), 04/0023887 A1 (published February 5, 2004 ), 03/0236190 A1 (published December 25, 2003 ), 03/0195147 A1 (published October 16, 2003 ); PCT Pub. No.
  • any suitable anti-IGFIR antibody, antibody fragment, or antibody derivative can be used in the methods of the present disclosure
  • the antibody, antibody fragment, or antibody derivative binds to the extracellular domain of IGF1R.
  • the antibody, antibody fragment, or antibody derivative competes for binding to IGFR with IGF-1 and/or IGF-2.
  • the antibody, antibody fragment, or antibody derivative when bound to IGF1R, reduces the amount of IGF-1 and/or IGF-2 that binds to the IGF1R.
  • the antibody, antibody fragment, or antibody derivative binds to the L1 subdomain of the IGF1R extracellular domain.
  • the antibody, antibody fragment, or antibody derivative binds to the CR subdomain of the IGF1R extracellular domain.
  • the antibody, antibody fragment, or antibody derivative binds to the L2 subdomain of the IGF1R extracellular domain. In another aspect the antibody, antibody fragment, or antibody derivative binds to the FnIII1 subdomain of the IGF1R extracellular domain. In another aspect the antibody, antibody fragment, or antibody derivative binds to the FnIII2-ID subdomain of the IGF1R extracellular domain. In another aspect the antibody, antibody fragment, or antibody derivative binds to the FnIII subdomain of the IGF-1R extracellular domain. In another aspect the antibody, antibody fragment, or antibody derivative binds to more than one IGF1R extracellular domain.
  • Non-limiting examples of anti-IGFIR antibodies that can be used in the methods of the present disclosure include each of the antibodies identified herein as L1H1, L2H2, L3H3, L4H4, L5H5, L6H6, L7H7, L8H8, L9H9, L10H10, L11H11, L12H12, L13H13, L14H14, L15H15, L16H16, L17H17, L18H18, L19H19, L20, H20, L21H21, L22H22, L23H23, L24H24, L25H25, L26H26, L27H27, L28H28, L29H29, L30H30, L31H31, L32H32, L33H33, L34H34, L35H35, L36H36, L37H37, L38H38, L39H39, L40H40, L41H41, L42H42, L43H43, L44H44, L45H45, L46H46
  • the antibody comprises the light chain variable domain sequence of L16, the heavy chain variable domain sequence of H16, the human kappa light chain antibody constant region as herein described, and the human IgG1 heavy chain antibody constant region as herein described.
  • dalotuzumab MK 0646; Merck/Pierre Fabre
  • cixutumumab IMC-A12; Eli Lilly/ImClone
  • figitumumab CP-751,871; Pfizer
  • App. Pub. No. 06/0040358 published February 23, 2006 ), 05/0008642 (published January 13, 2005 ), 04/0228859 (published November 18, 2004 ), e.g., antibody 1A (DSMZ Deposit No. DSM ACC 2586), antibody 8 (DSMZ Deposit No. DSM ACC 2589), antibody 23 (DSMZ Deposit No. DSM ACC 2588) and antibody 18 as described therein; PCT Pub. No. WO 06/138729 (published December 28, 2006 ), WO 05/016970 (published February 24, 2005 ), and Lu et al., 2004, J Biol Chem.
  • 05/0084906 (published April 21, 2005 ), e.g., antibody 7C10, chimaeric antibody C7C10, antibody h7C10, antibody 7H2M, chimaeric antibody *7C10, antibody GM 607, humanized antibody 7C10 version 1, humanized antibody 7C10 version 2, humanized antibody 7C10 version 3, and antibody 7H2HM, as described therein; US Pat. App. Pub. No. 05/0249728 (published November 10, 2005 ), 05/0186203 (published August 25, 2005 ), 04/0265307 (published December 30, 2004 ), 03/0235582 (published December 25, 2003 ), Maloney et al., 2003, Cancer Res.
  • 63:5073-83 e.g., antibody EM164, resurfaced EM164, humanized EM164, huEM164 v1.0, huEM164 v1.1, huEM164 v1.2, and huEM164 v1.3, as described therein; US Pat. No. 7,037,498 (issued May 2, 2006 ), US Pat. App. No. 05/0244408 (published November 30, 2005 ), 04/0086503 (published May 6, 2004 ), Cohen, et al., 2005, Clinical Cancer Res.
  • 04/0202655 (published October 14, 2004 ), e.g., antibodies PINT-6A1, PINT-7A2, PINT-7A4, PINT-7A5, PINT-7A6, PINT-8A1, PINT-9A2, PINT-11A1, PINT-11A2, PINT-11A3, PINT-11A4, PINT-11A5, PINT-11A7, PINT-11A12, PINT-12A1, PINT-12A2, PINT-12A3, PINT-12A4, and PINT-12A5, as described therein; US Pat. App. No.
  • mTOR inhibitor that binds to and directly inhibits both mTORC1 and mTORC2 kinases refers to any mTOR inhibitor that binds to and directly inhibits both mTORC1 and mTORC2 kinases that is currently known in the art, or will be identified in the future, and includes any chemical entity that, upon administration to a patient, binds to and results in direct inhibition of both mTORC1 and mTORC2 kinases in the patient.
  • mTOR inhibitors useful in the invention described herein include, but are not limited to, RAD rapamycin (sirolimus) and derivatives/analogs thereof such as everolimus or RAD001; CCI-779, ABT578, SAR543, ascomycin (an ethyl analog of FK506), AP23573, AP23841, KU-0063794, INK-128, EX2044, EX3855, EX7518, AZD08055 and OSI027.
  • Particularly preferred mTOR inhibitors in accordance with the present invention are sirolimus and/or everolimus.
  • Cell growth as used herein, for example in the context of "tumor cell growth”, unless otherwise indicated, is used as commonly used in oncology, where the term is principally associated with growth in cell numbers, which occurs by means of cell reproduction (i . e ., proliferation) when the rate of the latter is greater than the rate of cell death ( e . g ., by apoptosis or necrosis), to produce an increase in the size of a population of cells, although a small component of that growth may in certain circumstances be due also to an increase in cell size or cytoplasmic volume of individual cells.
  • An agent that inhibits cell growth can thus do so by either inhibiting proliferation or stimulating cell death, or both, such that the equilibrium between these two opposing processes is altered.
  • Tumor growth or tumor metastases growth
  • oncology where the term is principally associated with an increased mass or volume of the tumor or tumor metastases, primarily as a result of tumor cell growth.
  • abnormal cell growth refers to cell growth that is independent of normal regulatory mechanisms (e . g ., loss of contact inhibition). This includes the abnormal growth of: (1) tumor cells (tumors) that proliferate by expressing a mutated tyrosine kinase or over-expression of a receptor tyrosine kinase; (2) benign and malignant cells of other proliferative diseases in which aberrant tyrosine kinase activation occurs; (3) any tumors that proliferate by receptor tyrosine kinases; (4) any tumors that proliferate by aberrant serine/threonine kinase activation; and (5) benign and malignant cells of other proliferative diseases in which aberrant serine/threonine kinase activation occurs.
  • treating means reversing, alleviating, inhibiting the progress of, or preventing, either partially or completely, the growth of tumors, tumor metastases, or other cancer-causing or neoplastic cells in a patient.
  • treatment refers to the act of treating.
  • a method of treating refers to a procedure or course of action that is designed to reduce or eliminate the number of cancer cells in an animal, or to alleviate the symptoms of a cancer.
  • a method of treating does not necessarily mean that the cancer cells or other disorder will, in fact, be eliminated, that the number of cells or disorder will, in fact, be reduced, or that the symptoms of a cancer or other disorder will, in fact, be alleviated.
  • a method of treating cancer will be performed even with a low likelihood of success, but which, given the medical history and estimated survival expectancy of an animal, is nevertheless deemed an overall beneficial course of action.
  • terapéuticaally effective agent means an agent or composition comprising the same that will elicit the biological or medical response of a tissue, system, animal or human that is being sought by the researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor or other clinician.
  • terapéuticaally effective amount or “effective amount” means the amount of the subject compound or agent or combination that will elicit the biological or medical response of a tissue, system, animal or human that is being sought by the researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor or other clinician.
  • method for manufacturing a medicament or “use of for manufacturing a medicament” relates to the manufacturing of a medicament for use in the indication as specified herein, and in particular for use in tumors, tumor metastases, or cancer in general.
  • the term relates to the so-called “Swiss-type” claim format in the indication specified.
  • Described herein are methods for treating cancer in a subject comprising, consisting of, or consisting essentially of administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an IGF1R inhibitor, or pharmaceutical compositions thereof, in combination with an mTOR inhibitor, or pharmaceutical compositions thereof.
  • Described herein are methods for the treatment of cancer in a subject comprising administering to the subject in need of such treatment an amount of an IGF1R inhibitor and an amount of an mTOR inhibitor; wherein at least one of the amounts is administered as a sub-therapeutic amount.
  • Described herein are methods of treating cancer in a subject refractory to standard therapy, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an IGF1R inhibitor in combination with an mTOR inhibitor.
  • the order of administration of the first and second amounts can be simultaneous or sequential, i . e ., the IGF1R inhibitor can be administered before the mTOR inhibitor, after the mTOR inhibitor, or at the same time as the mTOR inhibitor.
  • an "effective amount" of an IGF1R or mTOR inhibitor is as defined above.
  • a “sub-therapeutic amount” of such inhibitors is an amount less than the effective amount for that inhibitor when used alone, but when combined with an effective or sub-therapeutic amount of another inhibitor can produce a result desired by the physician, due to, for example, synergy in the resulting efficacious effects, and may also result in reduced side effects.
  • refractory as used herein is used to define a cancer for which treatment (e . g ., chemotherapy drugs, biological agents, and/or radiation therapy) has proven to be ineffective or insufficient.
  • a refractory cancer tumor may shrink, but not to the point where the treatment is determined to be effective or sufficient. Typically however, the tumor stays the same size as it was before treatment (stable disease), or it grows (progressive disease).
  • administration in combination
  • the two inhibitors can be administered either as part of the same pharmaceutical composition or in separate pharmaceutical compositions.
  • the IGF1R inhibitor can be administered prior to, at the same time as, or subsequent to administration of the mTOR inhibitor, or in some combination thereof.
  • the IGF1R inhibitor can be administered prior to, at the same time as, or subsequent to, each administration of the mTOR inhibitor, or some combination thereof, or at different intervals in relation to therapy with the mTOR inhibitor, or in a single dose prior to, at any time during, or subsequent to the course of treatment with the mTOR inhibitor.
  • the IGFR1 and mTOR inhibitors will typically be administered to the patient in a dose regimen that provides for the most effective treatment of the cancer (from both efficacy and safety perspectives) for which the subject is being treated, as known in the art.
  • the inhibitors can be administered in any effective manner known in the art, such as by oral, topical, intravenous, intra-peritoneal, intramuscular, intra-articular, subcutaneous, intranasal, intra-ocular, vaginal, rectal, or intradermal routes, depending upon the type of cancer being treated, and the medical judgment of the prescribing physician as based, e . g ., on the results of published clinical studies.
  • the agent or treatment can be administered in any effective manner known in the art, as described briefly herein, above.
  • the amount of the IGF1R and mTOR inhibitors administered and the timing of administration will depend on the type (species, gender, age, weight, etc.) and condition of the subject being treated, the severity of the disease or condition being treated, and on the route of administration. In some instances, dosage levels below the lower limit of the aforesaid range may be more than adequate, while in other cases still larger doses may be employed without causing any harmful side effect, provided that such larger doses are first divided into several small doses for administration throughout the day.
  • the dose of IGF1R inhibitor may be in, but not limited to, the range of about 0.1 mg/kg to about 20 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg to about 19 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg to about 18 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg to about 17 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg to about 16 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg to about 15 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg to about 14 mg/kg, 7 mg/kg to about 13 mg/kg, 8 mg/kg to about 12 mg/kg.
  • the dose is 12 mg/kg.
  • the dose of mTOR inhibitor may be in, but not limited to, the range of about 0.1 mg to about 10 mg, 1 mg to about 9 mg, 2 mg to about 8 mg, 3 mg to about 7 mg, 4 mg to about 6 mg. In certain embodiments, the dose is 5 mg.
  • the mTOR inhibitor and the IGF1R inhibitor can be administered with various pharmaceutically acceptable inert carriers in the form of tablets, capsules, lozenges, troches, hard candies, powders, sprays, creams, salves, suppositories, jellies, gels, pastes, lotions, ointments, elixirs, syrups, and the like. Administration of such dosage forms can be carried out in single or multiple doses. Carriers include solid diluents or fillers, sterile aqueous media and various non-toxic organic solvents, etc. Oral pharmaceutical compositions can be suitably sweetened and/or flavored.
  • the mTOR inhibitor and the IGF1R inhibitor can be combined together with various pharmaceutically acceptable inert carriers in the form of sprays, creams, salves, suppositories, jellies, gels, pastes, lotions, ointments, and the like. Administration of such dosage forms can be carried out in single or multiple doses.
  • Carriers include solid diluents or fillers, sterile aqueous media, and various non-toxic organic solvents, etc.
  • Methods of preparing pharmaceutical compositions comprising mTOR inhibitors are known in the art.
  • Methods of preparing pharmaceutical compositions comprising IGF1R inhibitors are also known in the art.
  • methods of preparing pharmaceutical compositions comprising both an mTOR inhibitor and an IGF1R inhibitor will be apparent from the art, from other known standard references, such as Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa., 18th edition (1990 ).
  • tablets containing one or both of the active agents are combined with any of various excipients such as, for example, micro-crystalline cellulose, sodium citrate, calcium carbonate, dicalcium phosphate and glycine, along with various disintegrants such as starch (and preferably corn, potato or tapioca starch), alginic acid and certain complex silicates, together with granulation binders like polyvinyl pyrrolidone, sucrose, gelatin and acacia.
  • disintegrants such as starch (and preferably corn, potato or tapioca starch), alginic acid and certain complex silicates, together with granulation binders like polyvinyl pyrrolidone, sucrose, gelatin and acacia.
  • lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate, sodium lauryl sulfate and talc are often very useful for tableting purposes.
  • compositions of a similar type may also be employed as fillers in gelatin capsules; preferred materials in this connection also include lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polyethylene glycols.
  • active agents may be combined with various sweetening or flavoring agents, coloring matter or dyes, and, if so desired, emulsifying and/or suspending agents as well, together with such diluents as water, ethanol, propylene glycol, glycerin and various like combinations thereof.
  • solutions in either sesame or peanut oil or in aqueous propylene glycol may be employed, as well as sterile aqueous solutions comprising the active agent or a corresponding water-soluble salt thereof.
  • sterile aqueous solutions are preferably suitably buffered, and are also preferably rendered isotonic, e.g., with sufficient saline or glucose.
  • These particular aqueous solutions are especially suitable for intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous and intraperitoneal injection purposes.
  • the oily solutions are suitable for intra-articular, intramuscular and subcutaneous injection purposes. The preparation of all these solutions under sterile conditions is readily accomplished by standard pharmaceutical techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
  • a topical formulation comprising either the mTOR inhibitor and/or an IGF1R inhibitor in about 0.1% (w/v) to about 5% (w/v) concentration can be prepared.
  • the inhibitors are used for veterinary purposes.
  • the inhibitors can be administered separately or together to animals using any of the forms and by any of the routes described above.
  • the mTOR inhibitor and/or an IGF1R inhibitor are administered in the form of a capsule, bolus, tablet, liquid drench, by injection or as an implant.
  • the inhibitors can be administered with the animal feedstuff, and for this purpose a concentrated feed additive or premix may be prepared for a normal animal feed.
  • Such formulations are prepared in a conventional manner in accordance with standard veterinary practice.
  • the present disclosure also encompasses the use of a therapeutically effective amount of a combination of an mTOR inhibitor and an IGF1R inhibitor for use in treating cancer or for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of cancer (e . g ., tumors or tumor metastases) in a subject in need thereof, wherein each inhibitor in the combination can be administered to the patient either simultaneously or sequentially.
  • a synergistically effective combination of mTOR inhibitor and an IGF1R inhibitor for use in treating cancer or for use in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of cancer in a subject in need thereof, wherein each inhibitor in the combination can be administered to the subject either simultaneously or sequentially.
  • the present disclosure also encompasses the use of a combination of an mTOR inhibitor and an IGF1R inhibitor for use in treating abnormal cell growth or for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of abnormal cell growth in a subject in need thereof, wherein each inhibitor in the combination can be administered to the patient either simultaneously or sequentially.
  • the IGF1R inhibitor is administered in a manner selected from the group consisting of once a week, once every two weeks, once every three weeks, once every four weeks, or combinations thereof.
  • the mTOR inhibitor is administered in a manner selected from the group consisting of daily, six days a week, five days a week, three days a week, two days a week, one day a week, or combinations thereof.
  • the present invention also encompasses the use of a combination of an mTOR inhibitor and an IGF1R inhibitor in combination with another cytotoxic, chemotherapeutic or anti-cancer agents, or compounds that enhance the effects of such agents, for use in treating cancer or for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of cancer in a subject in need thereof, wherein each inhibitor or agent in the combination can be administered to the subject either simultaneously or sequentially.
  • the "other anti-cancer agent or agent that enhances the effect of such an agent” can be any of the agents listed herein above that can be added to the anti-cancer agent/treatment and IGF1R inhibitor combination when treating subjects.
  • cytotoxic, chemotherapeutic or anti-cancer agents include, for example: alkylating agents or agents with an alkylating action, such as cyclophosphamide (CTX; e.g. CYTOXANTM, chlorambucil (CHL; e.g. LEUKERANTM), cisplatin (C is P; e.g. PLATINOLTM) busulfan (e.g.
  • alkylating agents or agents with an alkylating action such as cyclophosphamide (CTX; e.g. CYTOXANTM, chlorambucil (CHL; e.g. LEUKERANTM), cisplatin (C is P; e.g. PLATINOLTM) busulfan (e.g.
  • MYLERANTM melphalan
  • BCNU carmustine
  • streptozotocin triethylenemelamine
  • TEM mitomycin C
  • anti-metabolites such as methotrexate (MTX), etoposide (VP16; e.g. VEPESIDTM), 6-mercaptopurine (6 MP), 6-thiocguanine (6TG), cytarabine (Ara-C), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), capecitabine (e.g. XELODATM), dacarbazine (DTIC), and the like
  • antibiotics such as actinomycin D, doxorubicin (DXR; e.g.
  • ADRIAMYCINTM daunorubicin (daunomycin), bleomycin, mithramycin and the like
  • alkaloids such as vinca alkaloids such as vincristine (VCR), vinblastine, and the like
  • antitumor agents such as paclitaxel (e.g. TAXOLTM) and pactitaxel derivatives, the cytostatic agents, glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone (DEX; e.g.
  • DECADRONTM corticosteroids
  • corticosteroids such as prednisone, nucleoside enzyme inhibitors such as hydroxyurea, amino acid depleting enzymes such as asparaginase, leucovorin and other folic acid derivatives, and similar, diverse antitumor agents.
  • the following agents may also be used as additional agents: amifostine (e.g. ETHYOLTM), dactinomycin, mechlorethamine (nitrogen mustard), streptozocin, cyclophosphamide, lomustine (CCNU), doxorubicin lipo (e.g. DOXILTM), gemcitabine (e.g. GEMZARTM), daunorubicin lipo (e.g.
  • DAUNOXOMETM procarbazine, mitomycin, docetaxel (e.g. TAXOTERETM, aldesleukin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin, cladribine, camptothecin, CPT 11 (irinotecan), 10-hydroxy 7-ethyl-camptothecin (SN38), floxuridine, fludarabine, ifosfamide, idarubicin, mesna, interferon beta, interferon alpha, mitoxantrone, topotecan, leuprolide, megestrol, melphalan, mercaptopurine, plicamycin, mitotane, pegaspargase, pentostatin, pipobroman, plicamycin, tamoxifen, teniposide, testolactone, thioguanine, thiotepa, uracil mustard, vinorelbine, chlorambucil.
  • the source of radiation can be either external or internal to the patient being treated.
  • the therapy is known as external beam radiation therapy (EBRT).
  • EBRT external beam radiation therapy
  • BT brachytherapy
  • Radioactive atoms for use in the context of this invention can be selected from the group including, but not limited to, radium, cesium-137, iridium-192, americium-241, gold-198, cobalt-57, copper-67, technetium-99, iodine-123, iodine-131, and indium-111.
  • Radiation therapy is a standard treatment for controlling unresectable or inoperable tumors and/or tumor metastases. Improved results have been seen when radiation therapy has been combined with chemotherapy. Radiation therapy is based on the principle that high-dose radiation delivered to a target area will result in the death of reproductive cells in both tumor and normal tissues.
  • the radiation dosage regimen is generally defined in terms of radiation absorbed dose (Gy), time and fractionation, and must be carefully defined by the oncologist.
  • the amount of radiation a patient receives will depend on various considerations, but the two most important are the location of the tumor in relation to other critical structures or organs of the body, and the extent to which the tumor has spread.
  • a typical course of treatment for a patient undergoing radiation therapy will be a treatment schedule over a 1 to 6 week period, with a total dose of between 10 and 80 Gy administered to the patient in a single daily fraction of about 1.8 to 2.0 Gy, 5 days a week.
  • Parameters of adjuvant radiation therapies are, for example, contained in International Patent Publication WO 99/60023 .
  • a corresponding "use for treating” and/or “method for manufacturing a medicament” for administration with an mTOR inhibitor and use with the same indications and under identical conditions or modalities described for the method of treatment is provided, characterized in that an IGF1R inhibitor is used, and such that where any additional agents, inhibitors or conditions are specified in alternative embodiments of the method of treatment they are also included in the corresponding alternative embodiment for the use for treating and/or method for manufacturing a medicament.
  • a corresponding "method for medical treatment” or “method for manufacturing a medicament” for use with the same indications and under identical conditions or modalities described for the method of treatment is provided, characterized in that a combination of an mTOR inhibitor and an IGF1R inhibitor is used, such that where any additional agents, inhibitors or conditions are specified in alternative embodiments of the method of treatment they are also included in the corresponding alternative aspect for the method for medical use or for manufacturing a medicament.
  • compositions or kits of the invention described herein in which a step or ingredient includes the phrase "comprising ... a combination of an mTOR inhibitor and an IGF1R inhibitor", a corresponding method, composition or kit in which that phrase is substituted with the phrase "consisting essentially of .. . a combination of an mTOR inhibitor and an IGF1R inhibitor".
  • compositions or kits of the invention described herein in which a step or ingredient includes the phrase "comprising ... a combination of an mTOR inhibitor and an IGF1R inhibitor", a corresponding method, composition or kit in which that phrase is substituted with the phrase "consisting of a combination of an mTOR inhibitor and an IGF1R inhibitor".
  • the disclosure also encompasses a pharmaceutical composition that is comprised of a combination of an mTOR inhibitor and an IGF1R inhibitor in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • composition is comprised of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a non-toxic therapeutically effective amount of a combination of an mTOR inhibitor and an IGF1R inhibitor (including pharmaceutically acceptable salts of each component thereof).
  • the disclosure encompasses a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of cancer, the use of which results in the inhibition of growth of neoplastic cells, benign or malignant tumors, or metastases, comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a non-toxic therapeutically effective amount of a combination of an mTOR inhibitor and an IGF1R inhibitor (including pharmaceutically acceptable salts of each component thereof).
  • salts refers to salts prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic bases or acids.
  • a compound of the present invention is acidic, its corresponding salt can be conveniently prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic bases, including inorganic bases and organic bases.
  • Salts derived from such inorganic bases include aluminum, ammonium, calcium, copper (cupric and cuprous), ferric, ferrous, lithium, magnesium, manganese (manganic and manganous), potassium, sodium, zinc and the like salts. Particularly preferred are the ammonium, calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium salts.
  • Salts derived from pharmaceutically acceptable organic non-toxic bases include salts of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, as well as cyclic amines and substituted amines such as naturally occurring and synthesized substituted amines.
  • Other pharmaceutically acceptable organic non-toxic bases from which salts can be formed include ion exchange resins such as, for example, arginine, betaine, caffeine, choline, N',N'-dibenzylethylenediamine, diethylamine, 2-diethylaminoethanol, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine, N-ethylmorpholine, N-ethylpiperidine, glucamine, glucosamine, histidine, hydrabamine, isopropylamine, lysine, methylglucamine, morpholine, piperazine, piperidine, polyamine resins, procaine, purines, theobromine, triethylameine, trimethyl
  • a compound of the present disclosure When a compound of the present disclosure is basic, its corresponding salt can be conveniently prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic acids, including inorganic and organic acids.
  • Such acids include, for example, acetic, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, camphorsulfonic, citric, ethanesulfonic, fumaric, gluconic, glutamic, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, isethionic, lactic, maleic, malic, mandelic, methanesulfonic, mucic, nitric, pamoic, pantothenic, phosphoric, succinic, sulfuric, tartaric, p-toluenesulfonic acid and the like.
  • Particularly preferred are citric, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, maleic, phosphoric, sulfuric and tartaric acids.
  • compositions of the present disclosure comprise a combination of an mTOR inhibitor and an IGF1R inhibitor (including pharmaceutically acceptable salts of each component thereof) as active ingredients, a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and optionally other therapeutic ingredients or adjuvants.
  • Other therapeutic agents may include those cytotoxic, chemotherapeutic or anti-cancer agents, or agents which enhance the effects of such agents, as listed above.
  • the compositions include compositions suitable for oral, rectal, topical, and parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous) administration, although the most suitable route in any given case will depend on the particular host, and nature and severity of the conditions for which the active ingredient is being administered.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may be conveniently presented in unit dosage form and prepared by any of the methods well known in the art of pharmacy.
  • the compounds represented by the combination of an mTOR inhibitor and an IGF1R inhibitor (including pharmaceutically acceptable salts of each component thereof) of this disclosure can be combined as the active ingredient in intimate admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier according to conventional pharmaceutical compounding techniques.
  • the carrier may take a wide variety of forms depending on the form of preparation desired for administration, e.g., oral or parenteral (including intravenous).
  • the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure can be presented as discrete units suitable for oral administration such as capsules, cachets or tablets each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient.
  • compositions can be presented as a powder, as granules, as a solution, as a suspension in an aqueous liquid, as a non-aqueous liquid, as an oil-in-water emulsion, or as a water-in-oil liquid emulsion.
  • a combination of an mTOR inhibitor and an IGF1R inhibitor may also be administered by controlled release means and/or delivery devices.
  • the combination compositions may be prepared by any of the methods of pharmacy. In general, such methods include a step of bringing into association the active ingredients with the carrier that constitutes one or more necessary ingredients.
  • the compositions are prepared by uniformly and intimately admixing the active ingredient with liquid carriers or finely divided solid carriers or both. The product can then be conveniently shaped into the desired presentation.
  • compositions of this disclosure may include a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a combination of an mTOR inhibitor and an IGF1R inhibitor (including pharmaceutically acceptable salts of each component thereof).
  • a combination of an mTOR inhibitor and an IGF1R inhibitor (including pharmaceutically acceptable salts of each component thereof) can also be included in pharmaceutical compositions in combination with one or more other therapeutically active compounds.
  • Other therapeutically active compounds may include those cytotoxic, chemotherapeutic or anti-cancer agents, or agents which enhance the effects of such agents, as listed above.
  • a pharmaceutical composition can comprise a combination of an mTOR inhibitor and an IGF1R inhibitor in combination with another anticancer agent, wherein said anti-cancer agent is a member selected from the group consisting of alkylating drugs, antimetabolites, microtubule inhibitors, podophyllotoxins, antibiotics, nitrosoureas, hormone therapies, kinase inhibitors, activators of tumor cell apoptosis, and antiangiogenic agents.
  • the pharmaceutical carrier employed can be, for example, a solid, liquid, or gas.
  • solid carriers include lactose, terra alba, sucrose, talc, gelatin, agar, pectin, acacia, magnesium stearate, and stearic acid.
  • liquid carriers are sugar syrup, peanut oil, olive oil, and water.
  • gaseous carriers include carbon dioxide and nitrogen.
  • any convenient pharmaceutical media may be employed.
  • water, glycols, oils, alcohols, flavoring agents, preservatives, coloring agents, and the like may be used to form oral liquid preparations such as suspensions, elixirs and solutions; while carriers such as starches, sugars, microcrystalline cellulose, diluents, granulating agents, lubricants, binders, disintegrating agents, and the like may be used to form oral solid preparations such as powders, capsules and tablets. Because of their ease of administration, tablets and capsules are the preferred oral dosage units whereby solid pharmaceutical carriers are employed.
  • tablets may be coated by standard aqueous or nonaqueous techniques.
  • a tablet containing the composition of this disclosure may be prepared by compression or molding, optionally with one or more accessory ingredients or adjuvants.
  • Compressed tablets may be prepared by compressing, in a suitable machine, the active ingredient in a free-flowing form such as powder or granules, optionally mixed with a binder, lubricant, inert diluent, surface active or dispersing agent. Molded tablets may be made by molding in a suitable machine, a mixture of the powdered compound moistened with an inert liquid diluent.
  • Each tablet preferably contains from about 0.05 mg to about 5 g of the active ingredient and each cachet or capsule preferably contains from about 0.05 mg to about 5 g of the active ingredient.
  • a formulation intended for the oral administration to humans may contain from about 0.5 mg to about 5 g of active agent, compounded with an appropriate and convenient amount of carrier material that may vary from about 5 to about 95 percent of the total composition.
  • Unit dosage forms will generally contain between from about 1 mg to about 2 g of the active ingredient, typically 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg, 500 mg, 600 mg, 800 mg, or 1000 mg.
  • compositions of the present disclosure suitable for parenteral administration may be prepared as solutions or suspensions of the active compounds in water.
  • a suitable surfactant can be included such as, for example, hydroxypropylcellulose.
  • Dispersions can also be prepared in glycerol, liquid polyethylene glycols, and mixtures thereof in oils. Further, a preservative can be included to prevent the detrimental growth of microorganisms.
  • compositions of the present disclosure suitable for injectable use include sterile aqueous solutions or dispersions.
  • the compositions can be in the form of sterile powders for the extemporaneous preparation of such sterile injectable solutions or dispersions.
  • the final injectable form must be sterile and must be effectively fluid for easy syringability.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions must be stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage; thus, preferably should be preserved against the contaminating action of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi.
  • the carrier can be a solvent or dispersion medium containing, for example, water, ethanol, polyol ( e . g ., glycerol, propylene glycol and liquid polyethylene glycol), vegetable oils, and suitable mixtures thereof.
  • compositions of the present disclosure can be in a form suitable for topical sue such as, for example, an aerosol, cream, ointment, lotion, dusting powder, or the like. Further, the compositions can be in a form suitable for use in transdermal devices. These formulations may be prepared, utilizing a combination of a combination of an mTOR inhibitor and an IGF1R inhibitor (including pharmaceutically acceptable salts of each component thereof) of this invention, via conventional processing methods. As an example, a cream or ointment is prepared by admixing hydrophilic material and water, together with about 5 wt % to about 10 wt % of the compound, to produce a cream or ointment having a desired consistency.
  • compositions of this disclosure can be in a form suitable for rectal administration wherein the carrier is a solid. It is preferable that the mixture forms unit dose suppositories. Suitable carriers include cocoa butter and other materials commonly used in the art. The suppositories may be conveniently formed by first admixing the composition with the softened or melted carrier(s) followed by chilling and shaping in molds.
  • the pharmaceutical formulations described above may include, as appropriate, one or more additional carrier ingredients such as diluents, buffers, flavoring agents, binders, surface-active agents, thickeners, lubricants, preservatives (including anti-oxidants) and the like.
  • additional carrier ingredients such as diluents, buffers, flavoring agents, binders, surface-active agents, thickeners, lubricants, preservatives (including anti-oxidants) and the like.
  • additional carrier ingredients such as diluents, buffers, flavoring agents, binders, surface-active agents, thickeners, lubricants, preservatives (including anti-oxidants) and the like.
  • additional carrier ingredients such as diluents, buffers, flavoring agents, binders, surface-active agents, thickeners, lubricants, preservatives (including anti-oxidants) and the like.
  • other adjuvants can be included to render the formulation isotonic with the blood of the intended recipient
  • Dosage levels for the compounds of the combination of this disclosure will be approximately as described herein, or as described in the art for these compounds. It is understood, however, that the specific dose level for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors including the age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, time of administration, route of administration, rate of excretion, drug combination and the severity of the particular disease undergoing therapy.
  • Example 1 Phase I Study of the IGF1R Antibody Ganitumab in Combination with Everolimus in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
  • the primary objective of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and Recommended Phase II Dose (RPTD) of G + E in patients with advanced solid tumors. Secondary objectives were to describe any toxicities associated with this regimen and to preliminarily describe clinical activity (progression-free survival (PFS)), overall survival (OS), partial response (PR), complete response (CR) or stable disease (SD)>6 months.
  • MTD maximum tolerated dose
  • RPTD Recommended Phase II Dose
  • Secondary objectives were to describe any toxicities associated with this regimen and to preliminarily describe clinical activity (progression-free survival (PFS)), overall survival (OS), partial response (PR), complete response (CR) or stable disease (SD)>6 months.
  • PFS progression-free survival
  • OS overall survival
  • PR partial response
  • CR complete response
  • SD stable disease
  • AEs were graded according to the NCI Common Toxicity Criteria version 4.0. Efficacy was assessed every 2 cycles with computed tomography (CT) using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST 1.1) guidelines.
  • CT computed tomography
  • Eligibility (1) Key inclusion criteria included: histologically confirmed solid tumor malignancy for which standard therapy or palliative measures do not exist or are no longer effective; disease measurable by RECIST; age • 18 years; Kamofsky performance status > 70%; life expectancy of at least 3 months; and adequate organ and marrow function. (2) Key exclusion criteria included: inadequately controlled hypertension (>150/100 mmHg); significant or poorly controlled cardiovascular or vascular disease events within previous 6 months; history of significant bleeding episode within the 6 months prior to day 1 of the study; history of insterstitial lung disease, e .
  • NSCLC 10 Colorectal 8 (31) Neuroendocrine 2 (8) Other* 6 (23) *Other includes: gastroesophageal, GIST, appendiceal, thymoma, solitary fibrous tumor, cholanglocarcinoma Table 3: Determination of MTD/RPTD Nineteen subjects treated; 17 subjects evaluable for DLT Cohort Subjects DLT Toxicity 1 5 Grade 3 thrombocytopenia and neutropenia Grade 3 thrombocytopenia -1 8* None 1-b 6 Grade 2 intolerable skin rash and oral mucositis ⁇ * 2 subjects were inevaluable for DLT ⁇ Unable to receive 85% or scheduled doses G and/or E Table 4: Treatment-Related Grade • 3 Adverse Events Toxicity Grade 3 Grade 4 Hematologic Neutropenia 1 0 Thrombocytopenia 3 0 Nonhematologic Vomiting 1 0 Hypertriglyceridemia 1 0
  • Efficacy 25 out of 26 subjects are evaluable for efficacy. To date, and as shown in Table 3, 23 subjects have been restaged, two subjects have not yet been restaged. Two subjects with refractory NSCLC achieved CR after 4 months on the protocol. One of these subjects had sustained CR for over one year, the other subject has sustained CR for 5 months. Eight subjects achieved SD as best response. Of the subjects who achieved SD as a best response, one had a neuroendocrine tumor (unknown primary), one had a thymoma, one had a solitary fibrous tumor, one had mCRC, and four had NSCLC. In each of these cases, SD status was maintained for four months. Median PFS is 4 months, with a range of 4-13 months.

Claims (17)

  1. IGF1R-Inhibitor oder eine pharmazeutische Zusammensetzung davon in Kombination mit einem mTOR-Inhibitor oder eine pharmazeutische Zusammensetzung davon zur Verwendung in einem Verfahren zur Behandlung von nicht-kleinzelligem Lungenkrebs (NSCLC) bei einem Subjekt, wobei der IGF1R-Inhibitor einen Antikörper umfasst, wobei der Antikörper Ganitumab ist, und wobei der mTOR-Inhibitor Everolimus umfasst.
  2. IGF1R-Inhibitor oder eine pharmazeutische Zusammensetzung davon in Kombination mit einem mTOR-Inhibitor oder einer pharmazeutischen Zusammensetzung davon nach Anspruch 1 zur Verwendung nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Verfahren das gleichzeitige, aufeinanderfolgende oder abwechselnde Verabreichen des IGF1R-Inhibitors oder eine pharmazeutische Zusammensetzung davon und den mTOR-Inhibitor oder pharmazeutische Zusammensetzung davon umfasst.
  3. IGF1R-Inhibitor oder eine pharmazeutische Zusammensetzung davon in Kombination mit einem mTOR-Inhibitor oder einer pharmazeutischen Zusammensetzung davon nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 zur Verwendung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei das Subjekt gegenüber einer Standardtherapie refraktär ist.
  4. IGF1R-Inhibitor oder eine pharmazeutische Zusammensetzung davon in Kombination mit einem mTOR-Inhibitor oder einer pharmazeutischen Zusammensetzung davon nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche zur Verwendung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei dem Subjekt der IGF1R-Inhibitor und mTOR-Inhibitor in der gleichen Formulierung gemeinsam verabreicht werden oder der IGF1R-Inhibitor und mTOR-Inhibitor dem Subjekt in unterschiedlichen Formulierungen gemeinsam verabreicht werden.
  5. IGF1R-Inhibitor oder eine pharmazeutische Zusammensetzung davon in Kombination mit einem mTOR-Inhibitor oder einer pharmazeutischen Zusammensetzung davon nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche zur Verwendung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der IGF1R-Inhibitor und mTOR-Inhibitor dem Subjekt mit der gleichen Verabreichungsroute gemeinsam verabreicht werden oder der IGF1R-Inhibitor und mTOR-Inhibitor dem Subjekt durch unterschiedliche Verabreichungsrouten gemeinsam verabreicht werden.
  6. IGF1R-Inhibitor oder eine pharmazeutische Zusammensetzung davon in Kombination mit einem mTOR-Inhibitor oder einer pharmazeutischen Zusammensetzung davon nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche zur Verwendung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Verabreichung an das Subjekt gleichzeitig oder sequentiell erfolgt.
  7. IGF1R-Inhibitor oder eine pharmazeutische Zusammensetzung davon in Kombination mit einem mTOR-Inhibitor oder einer pharmazeutischen Zusammensetzung davon nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 zur Verwendung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei der IGF1R-Inhibitor in einer Menge von 0,1 mg/kg bis 20 mg/kg, in einer Menge von 5 mg/kg bis 15 mg/kg, in einer Menge von 12 mg/kg oder in einer Menge von 20 mg/kg verabreicht wird.
  8. IGF1R-Inhibitor oder eine pharmazeutische Zusammensetzung davon in Kombination mit einem mTOR-Inhibitor oder einer pharmazeutischen Zusammensetzung davon nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 zur Verwendung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei der mTOR-Inhibitor in einer Menge von 0,1 mg bis etwa 10 mg, in einer Menge von 2 mg bis 8 mg oder in einer Menge von 5 mg verabreicht wird.
  9. IGF1R-Inhibitor oder eine pharmazeutische Zusammensetzung davon in Kombination mit einem mTOR-Inhibitor oder einer pharmazeutischen Zusammensetzung davon nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 zur Verwendung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei der IGF1R-Inhibitor in einer Art verabreicht wird, die ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus einmal pro Woche, einmal alle zwei Wochen, einmal alle drei Wochen, einmal alle vier Wochen sowie Kombinationen davon.
  10. IGF1R-Inhibitor oder eine pharmazeutische Zusammensetzung davon in Kombination mit einem mTOR-Inhibitor oder einer pharmazeutischen Zusammensetzung davon nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 zur Verwendung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei der mTOR-Inhibitor in einer Art verabreicht wird, die ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus täglich, sechs Tage in der Woche, fünf Tage in der Woche, vier Tage in der Woche, drei Tage in der Woche, zwei Tage in der Woche, einen Tag in der Woche oder Kombinationen davon.
  11. IGF1R-Inhibitor oder eine pharmazeutische Zusammensetzung davon in Kombination mit einem mTOR-Inhibitor oder einer pharmazeutischen Zusammensetzung davon nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche zur Verwendung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Verfahren ferner die Verwendung mindestens einer der folgenden zusätzlichen Behandlungen umfasst, die ausgewählt sind aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Strahlung, zytotoxischen Mitteln, chemotherapeutischen Mitteln, Antikrebsmitteln sowie Kombinationen davon.
  12. IGF1R-Inhibitor oder eine pharmazeutische Zusammensetzung davon in Kombination mit einem mTOR-Inhibitor oder einer pharmazeutischen Zusammensetzung davon nach Anspruch 1 zur Verwendung nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Verfahren die Verwendung von Ganitumab bei 12 mg/kg alle zwei Wochen und Everolimus bei 5 mg fünf Mal wöchentlich umfasst.
  13. IGF1R-Inhibitor oder eine pharmazeutische Zusammensetzung davon in Kombination mit einem mTOR-Inhibitor oder einer pharmazeutischen Zusammensetzung davon nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 12 zur Verwendung nach Anspruch 1 oder 12, wobei der nicht-kleinzellige Lungenkrebs ein Adenokarzinom, ein Plattenepithelkarzinom oder ein großzelliges Karzinom ist.
  14. IGF1R-Inhibitor oder eine pharmazeutische Zusammensetzung davon in Kombination mit einem mTOR-Inhibitor oder einer pharmazeutischen Zusammensetzung davon nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 13 zur Verwendung nach Anspruch 1 oder 13, wobei das Subjekt mindestens zwei Wochen, mindestens vier Wochen, mindestens acht Wochen, mindestens drei Monate, mindestens vier Monate, mindestens sechs Monate, mindestens neun Monate oder mindestens ein Jahr behandelt wird.
  15. Ganitumab und Everolimus zur Verwendung in einem Verfahren zur Behandlung eines nicht-kleinzelligen Lungenkrebses (NSCLC) bei einem Subjekt, umfassend das Verabreichen an dem Subjekt von 12 mg/kg Ganitumab alle zwei Wochen und 5 mg Everolimus täglich, 12 mg/kg Ganitumab alle zwei Wochen und 5 mg Everolimus fünf Tage pro Woche oder 12 mg/kg Ganitumab alle zwei Wochen und 5 mg Everolimus drei Tage pro Woche.
  16. Ganitumab und Everolimus zur Verwendung nach Anspruch 15, wobei es sich bei dem NSCLC um ein Adenokarzinom, ein Plattenepithelkarzinom oder ein großzelliges Karzinom handelt.
  17. IGF1R-Inhibitor oder eine pharmazeutische Zusammensetzung davon in Kombination mit einem mTOR-Inhibitor oder einer pharmazeutischen Zusammensetzung davon nach Anspruch 1 zur Verwendung nach Anspruch 1 oder das Ganitumab und Everolimus nach Anspruch 15 zur Verwendung nach Anspruch 15, wobei das Subjekt ein Mensch ist.
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WO2013071056A3 (en) 2013-07-11
US20170239352A1 (en) 2017-08-24
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US9931402B2 (en) 2018-04-03
US9700619B2 (en) 2017-07-11
JP2014533277A (ja) 2014-12-11
EP2776042A2 (de) 2014-09-17
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CA2852127C (en) 2020-10-27

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