EP2758725A1 - Procede et installation de refrigeration - Google Patents
Procede et installation de refrigerationInfo
- Publication number
- EP2758725A1 EP2758725A1 EP12756775.8A EP12756775A EP2758725A1 EP 2758725 A1 EP2758725 A1 EP 2758725A1 EP 12756775 A EP12756775 A EP 12756775A EP 2758725 A1 EP2758725 A1 EP 2758725A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- compression
- parallel
- refrigerators
- machines
- liquefiers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity
- F25B5/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity arranged in parallel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
- F25B1/10—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with multi-stage compression
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
- F25B43/02—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat for separating lubricants from the refrigerant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
- F25J1/0065—Helium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
- F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
- F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0269—Arrangement of liquefaction units or equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple "trains" concept
- F25J1/0271—Inter-connecting multiple cold equipments within or downstream of the cold box
- F25J1/0272—Multiple identical heat exchangers in parallel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
- F25J1/0276—Laboratory or other miniature devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0294—Multiple compressor casings/strings in parallel, e.g. split arrangement
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0269—Arrangement of liquefaction units or equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple "trains" concept
- F25J1/027—Inter-connecting multiple hot equipments upstream of the cold box
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0269—Arrangement of liquefaction units or equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple "trains" concept
- F25J1/0271—Inter-connecting multiple cold equipments within or downstream of the cold box
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/20—Integrated compressor and process expander; Gear box arrangement; Multiple compressors on a common shaft
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/24—Multiple compressors or compressor stages in parallel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
- F25J2270/912—Liquefaction cycle of a low-boiling (feed) gas in a cryocooler, i.e. in a closed-loop refrigerator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an installation and a method of refrigeration.
- the invention particularly relates to a low temperature refrigeration plant and method in which a low molecular weight gas (for example hydrogen or helium) is used as a refrigerant to achieve very low refrigeration temperatures (for example 4.5 K for helium).
- a low molecular weight gas for example hydrogen or helium
- Obtaining refrigeration at temperatures of 30 K and lower generally requires the use of a refrigerant such as helium.
- Helium is compressed at a hot end of a loop or circuit, then cooled and expanded in the cold part of the loop (cold box). Most of the refrigerant is heat exchanged and recycled to the compression stage. In some applications, a fraction of the working gas can be liquefied.
- the compression of the liquefaction / refrigeration helium cycles generally uses one or more stages of compression machines (compressors) with lubricated screws followed by a deoiling system.
- each refrigerator is connected to its own compressor station.
- each compression level can be divided into several compressors in parallel.
- Primary oil management and cooling systems can be common to multiple compressors or dedicated to each.
- the low molecular weight gas After compression and de-oiling the low molecular weight gas is cooled and expanded in cryogenic expansion turbines of a cold box to reach the required temperature level. Frigories not used by the user of the refrigerator / liquefier are then passed to the high-pressure working fluid for cooling in the heat exchangers. The working gas at low and medium pressure of the circuit returns to the suction of the compressors.
- Refrigeration cycles (which generate cold) are typically “closed” at each refrigerator. That is, the cycle rate of working fluid that enters the cold box is predominantly from the same cold box. On the other hand, these cycle rates are "open” or combined at the level of the application to be cooled (the flow of working fluid supplied by the refrigerators is pooled for the application to be cooled and then returned to each refrigerator by a distribution system respective).
- An object of the invention is to provide a method and a refrigeration installation of an application by means of several refrigerators / liquefiers arranged in parallel which solves all or part of the above problems.
- an object of the invention may be to provide a method and a refrigeration installation less expensive and / or more compact and / or more effective and / or more flexible than the known systems.
- the refrigeration plant of the same application means comprises several refrigerators / liquefiers arranged in parallel, the refrigerators / liquefiers in parallel using a working gas of the same nature having a low molar mass, that is to say having an overall average molar mass of less than 10 g / mol such as pure helium gas, each refrigerator / liquefier comprising a compressor station of the working gas, a cold box for cooling the working gas leaving the station compression, the working gas cooled by each of the respective cold boxes of the refrigerators / liquefiers being heat-exchanged with the application for the purpose of transferring frigories to the latter, in which a single compressor station compresses the gas for each of the respective separate cold boxes of the refrigerators / liquefiers arranged in parallel, the a single compression station comprising only lubricated screw-type compression machines and de-oiling systems of the working fluid at the outlet of the compression machines, so that compression machines and de-oiling systems are pooled by the refrigerator /
- the invention particularly relates to refrigeration / liquefaction in which the working gas is brought to a cryogenic temperature close to its liquefaction temperature at the outlet of the cold box.
- embodiments of the invention may include one or more of the following features:
- the single compression station comprises a plurality of compression machines defining a plurality of pressure levels for the working fluid
- the passage of a pressure level to the next higher pressure level is achieved via one or more compression machines in series or via several compression machines arranged in parallel, -
- the passage of at least one pressure level at the next higher pressure level is achieved via two compression machines arranged in parallel, a deoiling system being disposed at the outlet of the two compression machines, the deoiling system comprising either a single deoiling member common to the two compression machines arranged in parallel, ie two deoiling members assigned respectively to the two compression machines arranged in parallel,
- the installation comprises at least one final deoiling system disposed at the outlet of the last one compression level, that is to say before a fluidic connection supplying fluid to the cold box,
- the installation comprises at least one cooling exchanger for the working fluid downstream of a compression machine
- the installation comprises three compression machines defining three levels of increasing pressure above the fluid pressure level at the inlet of the compression station, a first and a second compression machines being arranged in series and defining at their output respective fluid of the pressure levels respectively said “low” and “high”, a third compression machine being fed at the inlet with fluid from the cold boxes at a pressure level called “medium” intermediate between the low and high levels, the third compression machine defining at its fluid outlet also a "high" pressure level,
- the installation comprises a fourth compression machine arranged in parallel with the second compression machine, the output of the fourth compression machine being connected to the inlet of the third compression machine,
- the outputs of the third compression machine and the second compression machine are connected to a common pipe defining the same high level of pressure
- the output of the third compression machine and the output of the second compression machine are connected to at least one cold box at distinct locations defining respective respective and distinct high levels of pressure for the fluid
- Another object of the invention is to propose a refrigeration installation of the same application by means of a single refrigerator / liquefier or of several refrigerators / liquefiers arranged in parallel, the refrigerators / liquefiers using a working gas of same nature having a low molecular weight, that is to say having an average total molecular weight of less than 10 g / mol such as pure helium gas, each refrigerator / liquefier comprising a working gas compression station, a cold box for cooling the working gas at the outlet of the compression station, the working gas cooled by each of the respective cold boxes of the refrigerators / liquefiers being placed in heat exchange with the application for the purpose of transferring frigories to the latter, in which a single compression station compresses the working gas for each of the cold boxes of the refrigerator / liquefier (s), the compression station comprising only compression compression machines lubricated screw type and de-oiling systems of the working fluid at the output of the compression machines, and in that the compression station comprises a plurality
- the outputs of the secondary compression machine and the main compression machine are connected to a common pipe defining the same high level of pressure
- the outputs of the secondary compression machine and the main compression machine are connected to at least one cold box at distinct locations defining respective respective and distinct high levels of pressure for the fluid
- the invention also relates to a method of refrigerating the same application by means of a refrigeration and / or liquefaction plant comprising several refrigerators / liquefiers arranged in parallel, the refrigerators / liquefiers in parallel using a working gas of the same type having a low molar mass, that is to say having an average global molar mass of less than 10 g / mol such as pure helium gas, each refrigerator / liquefier comprising a gas compression station; a respective cold box for cooling the working gas at the outlet of the compressor station, the working gas cooled by the respective cold boxes of the refrigerators / liquefiers being placed in heat exchange with the application in order to give them refrigerators, in which a single compressor station compresses the working gas for each cold box separate from the refrigerators / liquefiers arranged in parallel, the single compressor station comprising only lubricated screw type compression machines and systems de-oiling the working fluid at the outlet of the compression machines, so that the compression machines and the de-oil
- the power variations of the installation are realized by varying the speed of only a part of the compression machines of the common compression station,
- the cooling application by the refrigerators / liquefiers in parallel is disposed in the same enclosure and includes superconducting elements to cool.
- the invention may also relate to any alternative device or method comprising any combination of the above or below features.
- FIG. 1 is a simplified representation of the structure and operation of an installation according to the invention
- FIG. 2 represents a schematic and partial view illustrating the structure and operation of a first exemplary embodiment according to the invention
- FIG. 3 represents a schematic and partial view illustrating the structure and operation of a second exemplary embodiment according to the invention
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic and partial view illustrating the structure and operation of a third embodiment of the invention.
- the refrigeration plant shown schematically in Figure 1 comprises several refrigerators / liquefiers (L / R) arranged in parallel cooling the same physical entity (that is to say the same application 1).
- Refrigerators / liquefiers (L / R) arranged in parallel use a working gas of the same nature having a low molecular weight, that is to say having a overall average molar mass less than 10 g / mol such as pure helium gas for example.
- Each refrigerator / liquefier uses a station 2 for compressing the working gas and a cold box 3 for cooling the working gas at the outlet of the compression station 2.
- the working gas cooled by each of the respective cold boxes 3 of the refrigerators / liquefiers (L, R) is heat exchanged, via a distribution circuit 1 1, with the application 1 in order to give away frigories to the latter.
- a single compression station 2 compresses the working gas for each of the respective cold boxes 3 separate refrigerators / liquefiers L / R arranged in parallel.
- the compression station 2 can be connected if necessary to a storage buffer 12 called "hot" working fluid.
- the single compression station 2 comprises compression machines only lubricated screw type and deoiling systems of the working fluid output compression machines. In this way, compression machines (lubricated screw compressors) and deoiling systems are pooled by the refrigerators / liquefier arranged in parallel.
- This configuration limits the number of machines and equipment needed to compress the working fluid.
- the architecture also makes it possible, if necessary, to provide different fluid cycle pressures by function or by compression station.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a first possible embodiment of the invention.
- the single common compression station 2 comprises a plurality of compression machines EC1, EC2, EC3 defining several pressure levels VLP, LP, MP, HP, HP1, HP2 for the working fluid.
- VLP very low pressure
- a first compression machine EC1 ensures a rise in pressure of the working fluid to a so-called “low” pressure LP which is higher than the very low pressure VLP.
- the fluid can be deoiled in a de-oiling member 4 and then cooled in a heat exchanger.
- the output of the first compression machine EC1 is then connected to the input of a second compression machine EC2 which compresses the fluid from the LP base pressure to a high HP pressure.
- the input of this second compression machine EC2 also receives fluid at this low pressure level LP coming from the cold boxes 3.
- the fluid can be deoiled in an organ 4 of de-oiling and then cooled in a heat exchanger. Before returning to the cold boxes 3, the fluid can undergo a last more selective deoiling in a final de-oiling system 14.
- a third compression machine EC3 is disposed in the compression station 2.
- This third compression machine EC3 is fed at the inlet with fluid from the boxes 3 at a pressure level called "average" MP intermediate between the low LP and high HP levels.
- This third compression machine EC3 also defines at its fluid outlet a pressure level "high” HP for the working fluid.
- the fluid can be deoiled in a de-oiling member 4 and then cooled in a heat exchanger 5.
- the high-pressure working fluid is injected upstream of the final de-oiling system 14 (a pipe is connected to the outlet of the second compression machine EC2.
- This solution therefore combines several screw compression machines lubricated between LP low pressure and high pressure HP and also has a compression level between the intermediate pressure MP and the same HP high pressure.
- This configuration has the advantage of reducing the size of the primary oil management systems 4 (de-oiling systems 4 before the final deoiling 14), in particular on the part of the cycle between the LP low pressure and the HP high pressure.
- This architecture also simultaneously makes it possible to maintain flexibility on the variations of flow and pressure possible within this part of the circuit (in particular between the mean pressure MP and the high pressure HP).
- each of the compression stages made by a compression machine can of course be replaced by two or more compressors arranged in parallel. Indeed, depending on the working fluid flow required, each level of compression can be divided into several compressors arranged in parallel. In this case, the primary oil management (deoiling) and cooling systems can be common to several compressors or be dedicated to each one.
- the output of the first compression machine EC1 can also be connected to the input of the third compression machine EC3 at a level of pressure says "average" MP.
- the rest of the architecture remains similar.
- the variant of Figure 3 differs from that of Figure 1 only in that the installation comprises a fourth compression machine EC12 arranged in parallel with the second EC2 compression machine.
- the fluid inlet of the fourth compression machine EC12 is connected both to the output of the first compression machine EC1 and to a fluid inlet at this low pressure. cold boxes 3.
- the output of the fourth EC12 compression machine is connected to the input of the third compression machine EC3 (the input of the third compression machine EC3 also receives fluid at the average pressure MP cold boxes).
- the second EC2 and fourth EC4 parallel compression machines can each have at their output, a dedicated de-oiling system 4 and a dedicated heat exchanger 5.
- these deoiling systems 4 and heat exchanger 5 may be common and therefore shared.
- each compression level can be divided into several machines (compressors) arranged in parallel.
- this solution combines several compressors between LP low pressure and HP high pressure and further provides a level of compression between the intermediate pressure MP and the same HP high pressure.
- a portion of the flow of low pressure LP working fluid passes EC12 compression machines that compress the fluid only to the intermediate pressure MP.
- the latter EC12 compression machines can be equipped with variable speed drives to react to variations in low pressure fluid flow. Fluid recirculation between LP low pressure and MP medium pressure is also possible to react to load variations.
- the combined EC2 compressor (s) between LP low pressure and HP high pressure can operate at a constant rate and independently of load (application 1) and duty cycle fluctuations. Fluctuations in flow rates and pressures are absorbed by the compressor group EC1, EC3, EC12 between the very low input pressure VLP to the higher levels (LP-> MP-> HP).
- FIG. 4 differs from that of FIG. 3 only in that the outputs of the third compression machine EC3 and the second compression machine EC2 are connected to at least one cold box 3 at distinct locations defining respective and distinct high pressure levels HP1, HP2 for the fluid.
- the pipe comprising the fourth compression machine EC12 and its downstream members has been shown in dotted lines (to highlight its optional character).
- each high pressure outlet HP1, HP2 of the third EC3 and second EC2 compression machines comprises, downstream of a respective heat exchanger 5, a final deoiling member 14 respectively.
- Two final deoiling systems 14 are indeed essential because of the pressure difference between the two lines.
- this high pressure HP2 is independent of the high pressure HP1 obtained at the output of the compressors which compresses between the average pressure MP and the high pressure HP1.
- This architecture also makes it possible to optimize the sizes and the efficiencies of the different types of compressors of the different stages of compression.
- the circuit comprising a compression stage between the medium pressure MP and HP1 high pressure generally feeds the majority of the coolers of the cycle of cold boxes 3 which are the refrigeration source of the system. A variation of this cycle therefore allows a direct variation of the refrigeration power of the refrigerators / liquefiers L / R.
- the high-pressure fluid circuit HP2 issuing from the second compression machine EC2 can be used preferentially for supplying an application 1 and / or an expansion circuit of a Joule-Thompson type cooling to cold end of the cycle.
- the invention can be applied in particular to any refrigeration / liquefaction unit of high liquefaction or refrigeration capacity using helium or a rare gas.
- the respective low pressure levels VLP, low LP, average MP and high HP compression stages as well as compression ratios and Corresponding flows of the working gas can be included in the intervals below.
- compression station architectures of the illustrated examples can also advantageously be applied to an installation using a single liquefier / refrigerator (and not several in parallel).
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)
- Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1158478A FR2980564A1 (fr) | 2011-09-23 | 2011-09-23 | Procede et installation de refrigeration |
| PCT/FR2012/051893 WO2013041789A1 (fr) | 2011-09-23 | 2012-08-14 | Procede et installation de refrigeration |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2758725A1 true EP2758725A1 (fr) | 2014-07-30 |
| EP2758725B1 EP2758725B1 (fr) | 2015-12-30 |
Family
ID=46829809
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12756775.8A Active EP2758725B1 (fr) | 2011-09-23 | 2012-08-14 | Procede et installation de refrigeration |
| EP12756777.4A Active EP2758724B1 (fr) | 2011-09-23 | 2012-08-14 | Installation de réfrigération |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12756777.4A Active EP2758724B1 (fr) | 2011-09-23 | 2012-08-14 | Installation de réfrigération |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US10060653B2 (fr) |
| EP (2) | EP2758725B1 (fr) |
| JP (2) | JP6030137B2 (fr) |
| CN (2) | CN103827598B (fr) |
| ES (2) | ES2562649T3 (fr) |
| FR (2) | FR2980564A1 (fr) |
| RU (2) | RU2598471C2 (fr) |
| WO (2) | WO2013041790A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103344058B (zh) * | 2013-06-26 | 2015-05-27 | 武汉新世界制冷工业有限公司 | 提高双机双级螺杆制冷机组运行效率的方法 |
| FR3024219B1 (fr) * | 2014-07-23 | 2016-07-15 | Air Liquide | Procede de regulation d'une installation de refrigeration cryogenique et installation correspondante |
| FR3072160B1 (fr) * | 2017-10-09 | 2019-10-04 | L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Dispositif et procede de refrigeration |
| RU208025U1 (ru) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-11-30 | ООО "Кьюми" | Аппарат для шоковой заморозки пищевых продуктов |
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| FR1370321A (fr) * | 1962-10-01 | 1964-08-21 | Allied Chem | Procédé de refroidissement par détente adiabatique d'un réfrigérant gazeux comprimé, à travers une série de détendeurs montés en parallèle, dans une zone de réfrigération à plusieurs étages |
| US3377811A (en) * | 1965-12-28 | 1968-04-16 | Air Prod & Chem | Liquefaction process employing expanded feed as refrigerant |
| FR2384221A1 (fr) * | 1977-03-16 | 1978-10-13 | Air Liquide | Ensemble d'echange thermique du genre echangeur a plaques |
| US4267701A (en) * | 1979-11-09 | 1981-05-19 | Helix Technology Corporation | Helium liquefaction plant |
| FR2499226B1 (fr) * | 1981-02-05 | 1985-09-27 | Air Liquide | Procede et installation de liquefaction d'un gaz |
| SU1636657A1 (ru) * | 1988-08-08 | 1991-03-23 | Предприятие П/Я А-3605 | Способ захолаживани криогенной гелиевой системы |
| JPH03247965A (ja) * | 1990-02-26 | 1991-11-06 | Hitachi Ltd | ヘリウム冷凍装置 |
| RU2076285C1 (ru) * | 1991-04-04 | 1997-03-27 | Георгий Иванович Лазарев | Обратный цикл при двух температурах кипения и холодильная машина лазарева |
| US5603227A (en) * | 1995-11-13 | 1997-02-18 | Carrier Corporation | Back pressure control for improved system operative efficiency |
| GB0006265D0 (en) * | 2000-03-15 | 2000-05-03 | Statoil | Natural gas liquefaction process |
| FR2818365B1 (fr) * | 2000-12-18 | 2003-02-07 | Technip Cie | Procede de refrigeration d'un gaz liquefie, gaz obtenus par ce procede, et installation mettant en oeuvre celui-ci |
| US7478540B2 (en) * | 2001-10-26 | 2009-01-20 | Brooks Automation, Inc. | Methods of freezeout prevention and temperature control for very low temperature mixed refrigerant systems |
| KR20050044928A (ko) * | 2002-09-18 | 2005-05-13 | 헬릭스 폴리콜드 시스템스 인크. | 액체 주입을 이용하는 스크롤형 압축기를 구비한 극저온냉동 시스템 |
| CN1839285A (zh) * | 2003-08-20 | 2006-09-27 | 莱博尔德真空技术有限责任公司 | 真空设备 |
| CN1878991A (zh) * | 2003-10-08 | 2006-12-13 | 谷轮公司 | 分布式的冷凝单元 |
| CN100510574C (zh) * | 2004-11-15 | 2009-07-08 | 株式会社前川制作所 | 深冷液化/制冷方法和系统 |
| US7278280B1 (en) * | 2005-03-10 | 2007-10-09 | Jefferson Science Associates, Llc | Helium process cycle |
| US20070204649A1 (en) * | 2006-03-06 | 2007-09-06 | Sander Kaart | Refrigerant circuit |
| AU2007275118B2 (en) * | 2006-07-21 | 2010-08-12 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Method and apparatus for liquefying a hydrocarbon stream |
| WO2008015224A2 (fr) * | 2006-08-02 | 2008-02-07 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Procédé et appareil pour liquéfier un flux d'hydrocarbure |
| JP4211847B2 (ja) * | 2007-01-17 | 2009-01-21 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 冷凍装置 |
| FR2919716B1 (fr) * | 2007-07-31 | 2014-12-19 | Air Liquide | Procede de refroidissement a basse temperature et son utilisation |
| JP2009121786A (ja) * | 2007-11-19 | 2009-06-04 | Ihi Corp | 極低温冷凍装置とその制御方法 |
| FR2924205B1 (fr) * | 2007-11-23 | 2013-08-16 | Air Liquide | Dispositif et procede de refrigeration cryogenique |
| JP5263522B2 (ja) * | 2008-12-11 | 2013-08-14 | 株式会社富士通ゼネラル | 冷凍装置 |
| FR2954973B1 (fr) * | 2010-01-07 | 2014-05-23 | Air Liquide | Procede et dispositif de liquefaction et/ou de refrigeration |
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2011
- 2011-09-23 FR FR1158478A patent/FR2980564A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-11-24 FR FR1160744A patent/FR2980565B1/fr active Active
-
2012
- 2012-08-14 EP EP12756775.8A patent/EP2758725B1/fr active Active
- 2012-08-14 JP JP2014531290A patent/JP6030137B2/ja active Active
- 2012-08-14 ES ES12756775.8T patent/ES2562649T3/es active Active
- 2012-08-14 ES ES12756777.4T patent/ES2567430T3/es active Active
- 2012-08-14 US US14/346,601 patent/US10060653B2/en active Active
- 2012-08-14 CN CN201280046082.2A patent/CN103827598B/zh active Active
- 2012-08-14 US US14/346,610 patent/US9766002B2/en active Active
- 2012-08-14 JP JP2014531291A patent/JP6030138B2/ja active Active
- 2012-08-14 RU RU2014116170/06A patent/RU2598471C2/ru active
- 2012-08-14 RU RU2014115977A patent/RU2607573C2/ru active
- 2012-08-14 WO PCT/FR2012/051896 patent/WO2013041790A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2012-08-14 EP EP12756777.4A patent/EP2758724B1/fr active Active
- 2012-08-14 WO PCT/FR2012/051893 patent/WO2013041789A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2012-08-14 CN CN201280046101.1A patent/CN103827600B/zh active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2013041789A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2758724A1 (fr) | 2014-07-30 |
| CN103827600B (zh) | 2016-02-03 |
| US20140238074A1 (en) | 2014-08-28 |
| RU2014116170A (ru) | 2015-10-27 |
| EP2758725B1 (fr) | 2015-12-30 |
| US9766002B2 (en) | 2017-09-19 |
| RU2014115977A (ru) | 2015-10-27 |
| CN103827598B (zh) | 2016-06-01 |
| JP2014530341A (ja) | 2014-11-17 |
| FR2980565B1 (fr) | 2018-04-06 |
| JP2014526673A (ja) | 2014-10-06 |
| US20140238070A1 (en) | 2014-08-28 |
| RU2607573C2 (ru) | 2017-01-10 |
| CN103827600A (zh) | 2014-05-28 |
| WO2013041789A1 (fr) | 2013-03-28 |
| US10060653B2 (en) | 2018-08-28 |
| CN103827598A (zh) | 2014-05-28 |
| WO2013041790A1 (fr) | 2013-03-28 |
| EP2758724B1 (fr) | 2016-02-24 |
| FR2980564A1 (fr) | 2013-03-29 |
| RU2598471C2 (ru) | 2016-09-27 |
| FR2980565A1 (fr) | 2013-03-29 |
| ES2567430T3 (es) | 2016-04-22 |
| ES2562649T3 (es) | 2016-03-07 |
| JP6030138B2 (ja) | 2016-11-24 |
| JP6030137B2 (ja) | 2016-11-24 |
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