EP2758633A2

EP2758633A2 - Shield driving device

Info

Publication number: EP2758633A2
Application number: EP12777841.3A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Franz STARJAKOB
Original assignee: ILF Beratende Ingenieure ZT GmbH
Current assignee: ILF Beratende Ingenieure ZT GmbH
Priority date: 2011-09-20
Filing date: 2012-09-07
Publication date: 2014-07-30
Anticipated expiration: 2032-09-07
Also published as: WO2013040613A3; AT511199B1; WO2013040613A2; AT511199A4; EP2758633B1

Abstract

Shield driving device (100) for creating a tunnel (5) by the cut-and-cover method, in an excavation pit (20), comprising: - a shield (101), the shield (101) comprising a lower part (110) facing a bottom of the construction pit (20), two side parts (111) facing the two side walls of the construction pit (20), and a front part (112) facing a working face (22) of the construction pit (20), - a driving device (102) with a drive unit - especially a hydraulic drive unit - for driving the shield driving device (100), wherein the driving device (102) is braced against a bracing device (120) on a tunnel segment (50) installed in the excavation pit (20) at the front side (52) of the tunnel segment, wherein an additional bracing device (1) is provided that braces the shield driving device (100) on the installed tunnel segment (50) not on the front side (52) thereof.

Description

Shielding apparatus

The invention relates to a Schildvortriebsvorrichtung for producing a tunnel in an open construction in an excavation, with

a shield, wherein the shield has a bottom part facing a bottom of the excavation, two side parts facing the two side walls of the excavation, and a front part facing a working face of the excavation,

- A propulsion device with a - in particular hydraulic - drive for propelling the shield tunneling device, wherein the propulsion device is supported with a supporting device on a built-in pit in the tunnel segment at the end face.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing a tunnel in an open construction, wherein at a working face is gradually excavated and the soil material is discharged upwards, and in the corresponding excavation prefabricated tunnel segments are strung together, each tunnel segment is lowered from above wherein at tunnel level a Schildvortriebsvorrichtung is provided which is supported in each case against the last tunnel segment, wherein in one step, a feed of the Schildvortriebsvorrichtung over at least one tunnel segment length is effected by a supporting device between the Schildvortriebsvorrichtung and an end face of the tunnel segment.

Shield propulsion devices for producing an open tunnel in an excavation are already known from the prior art. For example, JP 2006-169909 A of 29 June 2006 shows such a shield propulsion device. With the help of bucket-type excavators, the soil material is excavated at the open working face of the excavation pit. Subsequently, the shield advancing device is displaced via a propulsion device, wherein the supporting device of the propulsion device is supported on the already installed tunnel segments. After the advancement of the shield propulsion device, the supporting device of the propulsion device is retracted, which makes it possible for another tunnel segment to be lowered into the excavation and connected to an already installed tunnel segment. From this introduced Tunnel segment can then again support the support device of the propulsion device again and thus cause a further advance of the shield tunneling device.

Also, according to the state of the art, excavation pits are excavated for the production of open-type tunnel tubes, and their walls and the sole are temporarily secured depending on the geological and hydrogeological conditions. The soil within the excavation pit is dug up, water is disposed of, the tunnel tube is erected and then backfilled and showered. Parts of excavation fuses are removed - especially in the space directly below the edge of the terrain - depending on their interference.

A disadvantage of this construction method according to the prior art are:

The expenses for the construction pit fuses

- The disturbance of the excavation fuses remaining in the soil with respect to the groundwater flow

- The disturbance of the excavation fuses remaining in the ground with respect to future underground structures

Long construction time and thus

Long-lasting adverse effects on the environment such as noise, dust, shocks, appearance

- Long-lasting presence of construction risks

The object of the invention is to provide a comparison with the prior art improved shield tunneling apparatus for producing a tunnel in an open design in a pit.

This is solved by the features of claim 1.

The fact that a further supporting device is provided, which supports the Schildvortriebsvorrichtung on the built tunnel segment outside of the end face, a support of the Schildvortriebsvorrichtung last Tunnel segment also take place when the support of the

Propulsion device is no longer supported on the last tunnel segment.

Due to the fact that the further supporting device is supported outside the end face of the tunnel segment, a further tunnel segment can be arranged on an already installed tunnel segment, without the further supporting device of the. already installed tunnel segment would have to be completely solved.

Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims.

It has proven to be particularly advantageous if the further supporting device has a preferably hydraulic drive device for supporting the shield driving device on the installed tunnel segment.

According to a preferred embodiment it can be provided that support elements are provided, on which the further supporting device is supported on the installed tunnel segment, wherein the support elements are detachably fastened to an inner side of the tunnel segment. Due to the design of the support elements on an inner side of the tunnel segment, these can be installed or fastened in a simple manner in the already existing tunnel and also removed again.

Furthermore, it can preferably be provided that the support elements on a tunnel segment bottom and / or tunnel segment side walls and / or on a tunnel segment ceiling on the inside of the tunnel segment are releasably fastened.

It has proved to be particularly advantageous if the drive device of the support device has at least two or more support cylinders, preferably hydraulically actuated, wherein the support cylinders correspond to the support elements in the installed tunnel segment.

Particularly preferably, it can be provided that the further support device has a sequence control, the time at least two or more support cylinders one after the other drives in and out. By using such a sequence control, which successively moves in and out the support cylinders, another tunnel segment, which is lowered into the excavation, can be moved past the support cylinders without interrupting the support of the already installed tunnel segment.

It has proven to be particularly advantageous in this case if the shield of the shield tunneling device is embodied substantially completely watertight. The design of a substantially watertight trough the penetration of groundwater can be prevented in the Schildvortriebsvorrichtung.

According to a preferred embodiment, it can be provided that the shield driving device has a sealing device, wherein the sealing device seals the shield and the installed tunnel segment to the excavation substantially completely waterproof. By a sealing device between the shield and the installed tunnel segment can be prevented that water penetrates into the Schildvortriebsvorrichtung and also into the tunnel.

It has also proven to be advantageous if the shield propulsion device has a lifting device for lowering tunnel segments into the shield propulsion device. Due to the design of a lifting device, the lowering of the tunnel segment by the shield driving device can be done quickly.

It has proven to be advantageous if the shield driving device has a lifting device for lifting the soil material at the working face, wherein the lifting device is mounted on the front part of the shield. The formation of an excavating device, which is mounted on the front part of the shield, the soil material can be excavated at the working face, without the need for other machines such as excavators would be necessary.

Specifically, protection is also sought for a method of manufacturing an open-plan tunnel, which is gradually trenched at a working face and the material is discharged upwards, and tunnelled in the tunnel section prefabricated corresponding to the excavation, each tunnel segment is lowered from above, wherein at tunnel level a Schildvortriebsvorrichtung is provided, which is supported against the last tunnel segment, wherein at one step, the Schildvortriebsvorrichtung over at least one tunnel segment length by a supporting · between the shield tunneling device and an end face of the tunnel segment is effected in a further step, the Schildvortriebsvorrichtung is supported by supporting cylinder of another supporting device from the last tunnel segment outside the end face, and

- In a further step - after completion of the support of a supporting device - the uppermost support cylinder of the further support device are retracted when lowering a next tunnel segment to allow the passage of a Tunnelsegmentbodens, and

in a further step, the uppermost support cylinders are extended through the next tunnel segment back into their support position, and in a further step the next lower support cylinders are retracted when lowering the tunnel segment to allow the passage of the tunnel segment bottom, and

- In a further step, the next lower support cylinder through the next tunnel segment through are extended back into its supporting position, and

if appropriate, the repetition of the two preceding steps until the next tunnel segment has almost completely lowered, and

in a further step, the lowermost supporting cylinders of the further supporting device are retracted in order to allow the passage of the tunneling segment bottom,

in a further step, the one support device is attached to the newly lowered tunnel segment to first line this tunnel segment on the previously lowered tunnel segment and then to apply the Schildvortriebsvorrichtung for the next feed over at least one tunnel segment length.

Further details and advantages of the further invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the description of the figures with reference to the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings. It shows:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a Schildvortriebsvorrichtung

Fig. 2a is a sectional front view of a shield tunneling device with a tunnel segment disposed thereon

2b shows a section through a side view of a Schildvortriebsvorrichtung with an excavating device and a supporting device

3a shows a representation as in Fig. 2b

Fig. 3b shows a representation as in Fig. 2b with excavated excavating device

Fig. 4 is a top view of a Schildvortriebsvorrichtung with a

Support device, another support device and a

cutter

5a shows a section through a front view of a shield driving device with a tunnel segment partially lowered into the propulsion device

Fig. 5b is a section through a side view of a Schildvortriebsvorrichtung with partially lowered tunnel segment

Fig. 6a is a sectional view as in Fig. 5a one with further lowered

tunnel segment

Fig. 6b is a representation as in Fig. 5b with a further lowered

tunnel segment

Fig. 7a is a representation as in Fig. 6a with an even further lowered

tunnel segment

Fig. 7b is a representation as in Fig. 6b with a further lowered

tunnel segment

Fig. 8a is a representation as in Fig. 7a with an almost completely lowered

tunnel segment

Fig. 8b is a representation as in Fig. 7b with an almost completely lowered

tunnel segment

Fig. 9a is a representation as in Fig. 8a with a fully lowered

tunnel segment

Fig. 9b is a representation as in Fig. 8b with a fully lowered

tunnel segment 10a -a representation as in Fig. 9a with a fully lowered and on

Tunnel arranged tunnel segment

Fig. 10b is a representation as' in Fig. 9b with a fully lowered and on

Tunnel arranged tunnel segment

11a shows a section through a side view of a shield driving device with an alternative excavating device and a supporting device. FIG. 11b shows a further section through a side view of FIG

Schildvortriebsvorrichtung as in Fig. 11a

Fig. 11c is a front view of a Schildvortriebsvorrichtung with an alternative

cutter

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a shield tunneling device 100 and a tunnel 5 arranged thereon. The shield tunneling device 100 has a shield 101, which in turn has a lower part 110, two side parts 111 and a front part 112. The front part 112 in turn has an outer side 113. On this outer side 113, the excavating device 2 is mounted. In this preferred embodiment, this excavating device 2 extends essentially over the full width and essentially over the full height of the front part 112 of the shield 101. This makes it possible for the excavating device 2, which serves as a conveyor 3, in this preferred embodiment, to be a screw conveyor 30 - is formed, not shown here soil material 21 (see Figure 2b) at the working face 22 of the excavation 20 to solve and promote.

The shield 101 of the shield tunneling device 100 is formed in this preferred embodiment substantially completely waterproof, whereby the penetration of groundwater can be prevented. The tunnel 5, which is erected by the shield tunneling apparatus 100, consists of individual tunnel segments 50, which are strung together by the shield tunneling apparatus 100. In this case, a tunnel segment 50 in each case has a tunnel segment ceiling 55 and, opposite to it, a tunnel segment floor 51. These are connected via the two tunnel segment side walls 54. Furthermore, the tunnel segment 50 has two end faces 52 and 52 '. Between the shield tunneling device 100 and the tunnel 5, a sealing device 6 is provided, which can prevent penetration of groundwater between the tunnel 5 and the shield tunneling device 100. Thus, in this preferred embodiment, it can be achieved that the construction of a tunnel 5 with a shield tunneling device 100 can also take place in a construction pit which has a groundwater level 23 (not shown, see FIG. 2b) which is higher than the lower part 110 of the shield 101 of FIG Shield propulsion device 100 is located.

FIG. 2 a and FIG. 2 b show a shield propulsion apparatus 100 in an excavation 20 and a tunnel 5 which is erected by the shield propulsion apparatus 100.

In the front part 112 of the shield 101 of the shield driving device 100 - taken exactly on the outside 113 - the excavating device 2 is mounted - which is formed in this preferred embodiment as a conveying device 3. In this embodiment, the conveying device 3 is designed as a screw conveyor 30. Likewise, it would of course also be conceivable that the conveyor device 3 would be designed as a chain conveyor or the like. It should be noted that under "lifting" the release and conveying the soil material 21 is to be understood.

The conveyor 3 triggers the soil material 21 at the working face 22 of the excavation 20 and conveys it upwards. The conveying device 3 is driven by the drive unit 4, which is formed above the conveying device 3 in this preferred embodiment.

In order to achieve propulsion, the shield tunneling device 100 has a propulsion device 102, with the propulsion device 102 with its supporting device 120 being supported on a tunnel segment 50 installed in the excavation pit 20 on its end face 52. The support device 120 has for this purpose a plurality of hydraulic cylinders which can be extended by the propulsion device 102 and thus move the shield 101 or the shield propulsion device 100. The shield 101 of the shield tunneling apparatus 100 has a

Lower part 110, a front part 112, two side parts 111 and a rear side 114 with an opening for tunnel segments 50, which are waterproof in this preferred embodiment and waterproof attached to each other. This is particularly advantageous if the groundwater level 23 is higher than the lower part 110 of the shield 101. Outside of the shield 101 is that of the conveyor device 3 and the drive unit 4 is formed.

Furthermore, in this preferred embodiment, the shield tunneling apparatus 100 has a lifting device 7 for lowering tunnel elements 50 into the excavation 20 or into the shield tunneling device 100 and for lining and securing these tunnel segments 50 to the tunnel 5.

The support device 120 is braced with its hydraulic cylinders on the end face 52 of the tunnel segment 50. >

As can be seen in FIG. 2 b, the shield driving apparatus 100 furthermore has a further supporting device 1, which is not active in this FIG. 2 b. The support device 1 in this case has a hydraulic drive device 8 in this preferred exemplary embodiment, more in the description of the figures in FIG. 5b.

For the figure 3a and 3b is essentially the one mentioned for the figure 2b. In the figure 3b it can be seen how it is provided for maintenance and repair purposes that the excavating device 20 - which in this preferred embodiment as conveying device 3 is actually designed as a screw conveyor 30 - can be extended from the soil material 21 upwards. In this position, individual elements of the excavating device 2 can be exchanged or repaired, in order subsequently to sink the excavating device 2 back into the ground.

FIG. 4 shows a view from above of a shield tunneling device 00 and tunnel segment 50 arranged therein, on which the shield propulsion device 100 is supported via a supporting device 120 of the propulsion device 102. On the outer side 113 of the front part 112 of the shield 101 of the shield driving device 100, the excavating device 2 is attached. The excavating device 2 is designed as a conveying device 3 in this embodiment. The conveying device 3 in this case has a plurality of conveying screws 30, which are preferably arranged substantially vertically.

The conveying device 3 is substantially completely formed over the entire width of the front part 112 of the shield 101 of the shield driving device 100, whereby it can be ensured that an excavation over the entire width of the shield driving device 100 can take place.

Furthermore, the shield driving device 100 has a further supporting device 1, which has a drive device 8, so that the shield driving device 100 can also be supported on the further supporting device 1 on a built-tunnel section 50 (see figure description of Figure 5a and 5b).

In this illustration of FIG. 4, the individual parts of the shield 101 of the shield tunneling device 100 are easily recognizable:

the lower part 110,

the two side parts 111,

- the front part 112.

The individual parts 110, 111, 112 are formed substantially completely watertight, both individually and to each other, whereby no groundwater can penetrate into the Schildvortriebsvorrichtung 100 through the shield 101 therethrough.

In the following figure descriptions of Figure 5a to 10b, a process for producing a tunnel 5 is now described in an open design, with a working face 22 is gradually dug and the soil material 21 is discharged upward, and in the corresponding precast to the excavation tunnel segments 50 are strung together, wherein each tunnel segment 50 is lowered from above, wherein at tunnel level a Schildvortriebsvorrichtung 100 is provided, which is respectively supported against the last tunnel segment 50, wherein in one step, a feed of the Schildvortriebsvorrichtung 100 via at least one Tunnel segment length is effected by a supporting device 120 between the shield driving device 100 and an end face 52 of the tunnel segment 50, wherein

- In a further step, the Schildvortriebsvorrichtung 100 is supported by support cylinders 11, 12, 13 of a further supporting device 1 from the last tunnel segment 50 outside the end face 52, and

- In a further step - after completion of the support of a support device 120 - the top support cylinders 11 of the further support device 1 are retracted when lowering a next tunnel segment 50 to allow the passage of a tunnel segment bottom 51, and

in a further step, the uppermost support cylinders 1 are extended through the next tunnel segment 50 back into their support position, and in a further step, the next lower support cylinders 12 are retracted when lowering the tunnel segment 50 to allow the passage of the tunnel segment bottom 51, and

- In a further step, the next lower support cylinder 12 are extended through the next tunnel segment 50 back into its supporting position, and

if appropriate, the repetition of the two preceding steps until the next tunnel segment 50 has almost completely lowered, and

in a further step, the lowermost support cylinders 13 of the further support device 1 are retracted to allow the passage of the tunnel segment bottom 51, and

in a further step, a support device 120 is attached to the newly lowered tunnel segment 50 to first line up this tunnel segment 50 on the previously lowered tunnel segment 50 and then to apply the Schildvortriebsvorrichtung 100 for the next feed over at least one tunnel segment length.

In Figures 5a and 5b, a Schildvortriebsvorrichtung 100 for producing a tunnel 5 in an open design in a pit 20 is shown with a shield 101, wherein the shield 101 a bottom of the pit 20 facing lower part 110, two the two side walls of the excavation 20th facing side portions 111 and one of the working face 22 of the pit 20 facing front part 112 and has a Preference device 102 with a - in particular hydraulic - drive for propelling the shield driving device 100, wherein the propulsion device 102 is supported with a supporting device 120 on a built-in pit 20 tunnel segment 50 at the end face 52 - as has been described in Figures 2a and 2b.

In the figures 5a and 5b now, however, the Schildvortriebsvorrichtung 100 is supported via a further support device 1 on the tunnel section 50 installed and that outside of the end face 52 of the tunnel segment 50. This can be achieved that another tunnel segment 50 arranged on the already built tunnel segments 50 and can be secured without the support of the shield tunneling device 100 would have to be canceled altogether on the installed tunnel segment 50. The support by the further support device 1 takes place on the one hand hydraulically actuated support cylinders 11, 12 and 13 and on the other hand via support members 53, which are arranged releasably fastened in the installed tunnel segment 50. In this preferred embodiment, the support members 53 are secured to the tunnel segment sidewalls 54. Likewise, it would of course also be conceivable to fasten the support elements 53 to the tunnel segment ceiling 55 and / or to the tunnel segment floor 51. Furthermore, in this preferred embodiment, all support members 53 on the inner sides of the tunnel segment 50 releasably fastened.

As shown in this figure 5b, the conveyor 3 is not needed for the next steps. In the next steps, only a new tunnel segment 50 is added to the already existing tunnel segments 50 or tunnel 5.

In order to allow another tunnel segment 50 to pass on the support device 1 of the shield tunneling device 100, the Supporting device 1, a flow control, the time the support cylinders 11, 12 and 13 sequentially off or retracts.

In Figure 6a and Figure 6b is shown how the upper support cylinder 11 of the further support device 1 have been retracted, whereby the tunnel segment bottom 51 of the tunnel segment 50, which is just lowered by the lifting device 7, can pass the support cylinder 11. The remaining support cylinders 12 and 13 correspond at this time still with the support members 53 in the already built tunnel segment 50 and support the Schildvortriebsvorrichtung 100 at the tunnel 5, wherein the support device 120 is retracted, the support is thus only on the support cylinders 12 and 13th ,

After the tunnel segment bottom 51 has dropped past the upper support cylinder 1 from the tunnel segment 50, the upper support cylinders 11 can again be extended again, as shown in FIGS. 7a and 7b, and a complete support of the further support device 1 can again be achieved Supporting elements 53 can be achieved in the already installed tunnel segment 50.

It is clearly evident from FIG. 7a that the further supporting device 1 with its supporting cylinders 11, 12 and 13 is not supported on the end face 52 of the tunnel segment 50, but that this support takes place outside the end face 52 of the tunnel segment 50.

Subsequently, the two upper middle of the support cylinder 12 are now retracted to allow passage of the tunnel segment bottom 51 of the tunnel segment 50. After the tunnel segment bottom 51 has passed the upper of the middle support cylinders 12, these support cylinders 12 are extended again and in turn are supported on the support elements 53 in the tunnel segment 50. Subsequently, the two lower of the central support cylinders 12 are retracted, the tunnel segment 50 can be lowered and lowered past the retracted support cylinders 12 with their tunnel segment 51 and then the lower of the middle support cylinder 12 can be extended again and a support with the corresponding support elements 53 in the already built tunnel segment 50 can be achieved. In the figures 8a and 8b is now shown how the two lowest support cylinder 13 of the further support device 1 are retracted and the tunnel segment bottom 51 of the tunnel segment 50, which is just lowered by the lifting device 7, at these lower support cylinders 13 passes. Meanwhile, a support on the upper support cylinder 11 and the middle support cylinder 12 is given. After the tunnel segment 50 has moved with its tunnel segment bottom 51 past the lower support cylinders 13, these support cylinders 13 can be extended again and thus rest against the support elements 53 in the installed tunnel segment 50, as can be seen in FIG. 9b. The propulsion device 102 or its supporting device 120 can now be extended again and the tunnel segment 50 - which has just been lowered by the lifting device 7 into the shield propulsion device 100 - can be arranged on the already installed tunnel segment 50 of the tunnel 5 and be supported on this tunnel segment 50 ,

After this has taken place (see FIGS. 10a and 10b), the support can be released by the further support device 1, which happens because the support cylinders 11, 12 and 13 of the further support device 1 are retracted - as in FIGS. 10a and 10b is shown

The support now again takes place exclusively via the supporting device 120 of the advancing device 102, wherein the supporting device 120 is supported on the end face 52 of the last tunnel segment 50 of the tunnel 5. With this support, further propulsion of the shield propulsion device 101 can now take place, that is to say the excavation device 2 can in turn excavate soil material 21 and the propulsion device 102 can displace the shield propulsion device 100.

During the entire process of lowering another tunnel segment 50 and placing the further tunnel segment 50 on the tunnel 5 became to each Time a support of the shield tunneling device 100 at the tunnel 5 maintained. Thus, the earth and water pressure, which is applied by the soil material 21 to the shield 101 of the shield tunneling device 100, during the entire lowering of a new tunnel segment 50 by the lifting device 7 can be maintained.

Especially in soils that have a high groundwater level 23, this is an advantage. For this purpose, it is further advantageous if the Schildvortriebsvorrichtung 100 or its shield 101 is substantially completely waterproof and further provided a sealing device 6 (see Figure 1), which seals the already existing tunnel 5 against the shield 101 of the shield driving device 100 and thus prevents penetration of groundwater.

FIGS. 11a, 11b and 11c show side views in a sectional view and a front view of a shield driving device 100 with a variant of an excavating device 2 or conveying device 3.

The only difference to the previous shield tunneling devices 100 is here that another excavating device 2 is used. This excavating device 2 is again designed as a conveyor 3 - in this case not as a screw conveyor 30, (see Figure 1 and Figure 2b) but as a chain conveyor 31. This chain conveyor 31 has a plurality of conveyor chains 32 (see Figure 11c). These conveyor chains 32 in turn on the one hand on several conveyor pockets 41, with which the dissolved soil material 21 can be transported upwards. The bottom material 21 is loosened in this embodiment by fangs 42. To transport the conveyor chains 32 of the chain conveyor 31 toothed and support wheels 33 are provided (see Figure 11b). The chain conveyor 31 is again driven via the drive unit 4.

For the rest of the Schildvortriebsvorrichtung 100 mutatis mutandis, all with respect to Figure 1 to Figure 10b mentioned.

Further details and comments on the construction of a tunnel 5 in open construction with prefabricated tunnel segments 50 in an excavation 20 in relation to the figures: The use of shield propulsion apparatus 100 is provided in loose material or loose rock, at different groundwater levels or water levels above ground level and overlays on tunnel ridges up to 5 times the clear tunnel height.

The clear dimensions of the shield tunneling device 100 result from the following aspects:

The width results from the tunnel segment width at the widest point and the required manipulation space for the lowering and mounting of the tunnel segments 50

The length results from the tunnel segment length, the situation of the last staggered tunnel segment 50 in relation to the trailing edge of the shield tunneling apparatus 100, the length of the presses for advancing the shield tunneling apparatus 100 and the length of any presses for advancing shoring panels depending on the method of loosening and conveying the soil material 21 in front of the shield driving apparatus 100 and the required manipulation spaces for the individual work steps

The height results from the height of the floor under the gradient of the tunnel tube 5 and the height of the terrain line or the water level above the gradient of the tunnel tube 5. To reduce the height of the shield tunneling device 100, the floor above a defined parallels to the gradient of the tunnel tube can be removed beforehand

The thickness of the walls and sole of the shield propulsion apparatus 100 will be understood from the dimensions associated with the applied forces of earth and water pressure and the loads of equipment mounted on the shield propulsion apparatus 100 or acting on the shield propulsion apparatus 100.

To reduce the thickness of the sole, it may be expedient to perform this arched. For static considerations, it may be appropriate to perform the front of the shield tunneling device 100 with a stitch or curved. In order to enable advancement of the shield tunneling device 100-also referred to below as a mobile excavation pit-the ground 21 is loosened and removed in front of that of the shield tunneling device 100. The excavation of the soil 21 is carried out depending on the loosening method in sections immediately before feeding or simultaneously with the advancement of the mobile excavation pit.

Depending on the existing soil conditions and the presence of water, the following excavation methods are used:

Loosening and excavating the floor 21 using the technology of conventional diaphragm wall grabbers or cutters with liquid support as required. The slot width is to be tuned to the length of the tunnel segments, e.g. equal length or half length of the tunnel segments. Depending on the prevailing soil and water conditions, it may be necessary not to make the slot across the entire construction pit width, but to excavate partial slots, which are mechanically supported with extendable - retractable during advancement - Verbauplatten.

A work cycle contains the processes:

Step 1: Digging the slot in front of the mobile excavation pit, at the same time the lowering of a tunnel segment 50 into the mobile excavation pit and assembly of the tunneling segment 50 takes place

Step 2: Advance the mobile excavation, if necessary catch the displaced support liquid.

Loosening and conveying the bottom 21 with a number of augers 30, mounted side by side across the entire width in front of the mobile excavation. The screws 30 are held in a front open housing at the ends and are connected to the housing vertically slidably connected to the front side 113 of the mobile excavation. For reasons of dimensioning, it may be necessary to provide intermediate supports of the screws 30 in addition to the end holders. The screw edges are equipped with wear steel, which can grind hardeners as required. In the snail shell are after

Required water pipes and nozzles installed to bond to the Snail 30 / the housing with high pressure to solve and facilitate the vertical conveying. Depending on the soil and groundwater level, an upward increasing pitch of the screws 30 may be expedient. The screws 30 are driven at the top end individually or in groups of electric motors with noise encapsulation. For maintenance purposes, the screw 30 is lifted with the housing along the guide rails on the front side 113 of the mobile excavation from the ground - if necessary, with the introduction of support liquid from below - and a renewed device lowered back into the ground. The continuously conveyed with the screws 30 bottom 21 is transversely pushed away with mobile device or with stationary Kettenscrapern, loaded and transported away. A work cycle includes the processes: Step 1: Loosening and conveying the soil 21 in front of the mobile excavation, corresponding to the length of a tunnel segment 50, at the same time advancing the mobile excavation

Step 2: Lowering a tunnel segment 50 into the mobile excavation and assembly of the tunnel segment 50

Depending on the soil and the groundwater level, a forwardly inclined position of the screws 30 may be advantageous.

Loosening and conveying the floor 21 with a chain conveyor 31 - comparable to the chassis of construction equipment or snow vehicles - side by side mounted over the entire width in front of the mobile excavation. The conveyor chains 32 are made of hinged plates, in which, depending on the upcoming soil chisel, fangs 42, discs for loosening the soil and pockets 41 for conveying the soil are integrated into a cross conveyor belt. In the area of the cross conveyor water lines and nozzles are installed as required to solve adhesive bonds to the pockets 41 and scrapers with high pressure. The conveyor chains 32 are held in place with toothed and support wheels 43 embedded in a frame and individually driven by internal or external electric motors with noise encapsulation. The frame is vertically slidably connected to the front of the mobile excavation. The wear tools can be renewed continuously during delivery breaks. In the event of a chain break or in the case of general renewal of conveyor chains, these are connected to the frame along the guide rails on the front of the mobile Excavation lifted from the ground - if necessary, with the introduction of support liquid from below - and a renewed device lowered back into the ground. Depending on the soil and the groundwater level, a forward inclined position of the chain conveyor may be advantageous.

A work cycle contains the processes:

Step 1: Loosening and conveying of the floor 21 in front of the mobile excavation corresponding to the length of a tunnel segment 50, at the same time the mobile excavation is advanced

- Dissolve the bottom 21 with water jet and suction of the soil / water mixture

The tunnel segments 50 are protected from the weather in a hall made of reinforced concrete, post-treated and delivered after reaching the transport strength and applying the sealing ring to the components. To increase the buoyancy safety lateral spurs can be provided in the tunnel segments 50 at the bottom level. If the tunnel tube 5 is to be produced in a concrete-aggressive medium, special protective layers can be applied. As far as the tunnel tube 5 has curvatures in axis or gradient conical tunnel segments 50 are required in the plan or side elevation, unless the curvature adjustment can be performed by shims. The length of the tunnel segments 50 results from an optimization of the factors such as length of the mobile excavation pit, weight of the tunnel segments 50, pressing dimensions, excavation method, construction time, etc.

The tunnel segments 50 are sealed with circumferential sealing rings on the end faces 52. The sealing effect is achieved by bonding on both sides and the frontal contact pressure by the excavating device 2. In addition, a longitudinal tension of the tunnel segments 50 may be required. As far as troughs are provided in the tunnel entrance sections account for the tunnel segment 50, the ceiling 55 and corresponding parts of the side walls 54th The rear opening of the shield for the exit of the tunnel segments 50 from the mobile excavation is tuned to the geometry of the tunnel segments 50 and takes into account the space for the seal between the tunnel segment 50 and the mobile excavation. The seal is preferably made of a circumferential tube with a lip for attachment to the outlet opening in the pressure of air or water pressure required sealing pressure is produced. To replace wear, a lubricant is provided between the hose and the mobile excavation, loosening the hose and pushing the mobile excavation. The space for the assembly of the new seal is free, the old seal moves with the tunnel segment 50.

The space occupied by the bottom of the mobile excavation under the tunnel-grade floor is continuously grouted during the advancement of the mobile construction pit with mortar via pumping lines embedded in the bottom of the mobile excavation pit.

The tunnel segments 50 are laterally backfilled at the same time with the advance of the mobile excavation pit in the arrangement of spurs and showered with suitable material, with the use of appropriate compaction equipment. As far as no spurs are provided for the buoyancy protection, the backfilling takes place of the space occupied by the sidewall of the mobile excavation and the sealing hose while moving the mobile excavation with mortar via pumping lines, which are embedded in the side wall of the mobile excavation.

In the arrangement of lateral spurs the backfilling of the space between the side wall of the mobile excavation pit and the side wall of the tunneling segment 50 takes place from above, for example with pearl gravel. For special compaction requirements, for example, vibrating bottles can be mounted parallel to the direction of advance on the rear excavation wall above the spurs. The installation and the compression of the backfill over the spurs can also be done by a worm 60 (see FIG. 1) with the pitch decreasing downwards, directly behind the rear side 114 (see FIGS. 2a and 2b) of the mobile excavation pit. Depending on the groundwater level, there is a deficit in buoyancy safety in the area between the back wall of the excavation and the complete cover. This deficit can be compensated by a mobile ballast in the tunnel tube 5 following the propulsion.

The lateral earth and water pressures are absorbed by the mobile excavation pit. The frontal earth and water pressure, which is not absorbed by friction in the sole and the sidewalls of the mobile excavation, is to be transferred to the sidewalls of the last installed tunnel segments 50 during the lowering and assembly of the tunnel segments 50.

The feed of the mobile excavation is carried out by means of pressing, which act on the front surfaces of the tunnel segments 50, wherein in addition to the frontal earth and water pressure and the friction in the sole and the side walls of the mobile excavation is overcome.

A work cycle for the construction of the tunnel tube 5 includes the operations: Step 1: Attaching the side inner squeeze presses (support cylinders 11, 12, 3) Step 2: Retracting the end presses (120)

Step 3: Lowering of the tunnel segment 50 with alternating retraction and

Extending the affected interior reveal presses (support cylinders 11, 12, 13) during the passage of the tunnel segment sole (tunnel segment floor 51)

Step 4: Adjusting the tunnel segment 50 and possibly with the last installed

Tighten tunnel segment 50

Step 5: Extend the forehead presses and advance the mobile excavation pit

To control the mobile excavation in the direction of advance, the following measures are required, individually or in combination:

Conicity of the mobile excavation walls

- Adjustable bottom and side cutting In cross section variable pressing pressures

- Different soil flow rates across the working face / tunnel tube 5

Pressing mortar under the excavation bottom

- Apply ballast

- Cable tension with anchoring in the built tunnel tube 5

The starting process with the mobile excavation pit depends on the situation of the intended use and the preparatory measures. For example, two situations are shown below: - Broken incision without support measures in the inclined starting wall:

The mobile excavation and the take-off stand to absorb the reaction forces for propulsion are mounted in the incision and the tunneling started

Excavation pit with support measures:

The support measures in the Anfahrwand must be span- or solvable with the proposed release devices, alternatively, a removal of the

Provide support measures in the Anfahrwand taking over the earth pressure forces by the mobile excavation. The mobile excavation and the launching trestle for receiving the reaction forces for propulsion are mounted in the excavation pit and the excavation started

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 Further support device

2 excavator

3 conveyor

4 drive unit

5 tunnels

6 sealing device

7 lifting device

8 drive device

11 Upper support cylinders

12 middle support cylinders

13 Lower support cylinders

20 excavation pit

21 soil material

22 face

23 groundwater level

30 screw conveyor

31 chain conveyors

32 conveyor chains

41 conveyor pockets

42 fangs

43 toothed and support wheels

50 tunnel segments

51 tunnel segment floor

52 front tunnel section

53 support elements

54 tunnel segment sidewalls

55 tunnel segment ceiling

60 snail

100 shield propulsion device

101 shield

102 propulsion device 110 lower part shield

111 side panels shield

112 front part sign

113 outside sign 114 back side sign

120 supporting device

Claims

claims

A shield driving apparatus (100) for producing a tunnel (5) in an open construction in an excavation (20), comprising:

- A sign (101), said shield (101) a bottom of the excavation (20) facing lower part (110), two side walls of the excavation (20) facing side parts (111) and a working face (22) of the excavation (20) facing front part (112),

- A propulsion device (102) with a - in particular hydraulic - drive for propelling the Schildvortriebsvorrichtung (100), wherein the propulsion device (102) with a supporting device (120) on a in the excavation (20) installed tunnel segment (50) at its end face (52)

characterized in that a further supporting device (1) is provided which supports the shield driving device (100) on the installed tunnel segment (50) outside of its end face (52).

2. Schildvortriebsvorrichtung according to claim 1, characterized in that the further supporting device (1) has a - preferably hydraulic - drive device (8) for supporting the Schildvortriebsvorrichtung (100) on the installed tunnel segment (50).

3. shield propulsion device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that support elements (53) are provided on which the further supporting device (1) on the built tunnel segment (50) is supported, wherein the support elements (53) on an inner side of the tunnel segment (50) are releasably fastened.

4. shield propulsion device according to claim 3, characterized in that the support elements (53) on a tunnel segment bottom (51) and / or tunnel segment side walls (54) and / or on a tunnel segment ceiling (55) on the inside of the tunnel segment (50) are releasably fastened ,

5. Schildvortriebsvorrichtung according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the drive device (8) of the further supporting device (1) at least two or more - preferably hydraulically actuated - support cylinder (11, 12, 13), wherein the support cylinders (11, 12 , 13) with the support elements (53) in the installed tunnel segment (50) correspond.

6. Schildvortriebsvorrichtung according to claim 5, characterized in that the further supporting device (1) has a flow control, which retracts the at least two or more support cylinders (11, 12, 13) in succession time and extends.

7. Schildvortriebsvorrichtung according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the shield (101) of the Schildvortriebsvorrichtung (100) is substantially completely waterproof.

8. Schildvortriebsvorrichtung according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the Schildvortriebsvorrichtung (100) has a sealing device (6), wherein the sealing device (6) the shield (101) and the built tunnel segment (50) to the excavation (20) essentially completely watertight.

9. shield propulsion apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the shield propulsion device (1) has a lifting device (7) for lowering tunnel segments (50) in the shield propulsion device (100).

10. shield driving apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the Schildvortriebsvorrichtung (100) comprises a lifting device (2) for lifting the soil material (21) at the working face (22), wherein the excavating device (2) on the front part ( 112) of the shield (101) is mounted. A method for producing a tunnel (5) in an open construction, wherein at a working face (22) is gradually dug and the soil material (21) is discharged upward, and in the corresponding to the excavation prefabricated tunnel segments (50) are strung together, every tunnel segment

(50) is lowered from above, wherein a tunneling propulsion device (100) is provided at tunnel level - in particular a Schildvortriebsvorrichtung (100) according to one of claims 1 to 10 - which is supported against the last tunnel segment (50), wherein in one step Advancing the Schildvortriebsvorrichtung (100) over at least one

Tunnel segment length is effected by a supporting device (120) between the shield driving device (100) and an end face (52) of the tunnel segment (50), characterized in that

- In a further step, the Schildvortriebsvorrichtung (100) by supporting cylinder (11, 12, 13) of a further supporting device (1) from the last

Tunnel segment (50) outside the end face (52) is supported, and

- In a further step - after completion of the support of a support device (120) - the top support cylinder (11) of the further support device (1) when lowering a next tunnel segment (50) are retracted to the passage of a

Tunnel segment bottom (51), and

- In a further step, the uppermost support cylinder (11) through the next tunnel segment (50) through are extended back into its supporting position, and

- In a further step, the next lower support cylinder (12) at

Lowering of the tunnel segment (50) are retracted to allow the passage of the tunnel segment bottom (51), and

- In a further step, the next lower support cylinder (12) through the next tunnel segment (50) through are extended back into its supporting position, and

if appropriate, the repetition of the two preceding steps until the next tunnel segment (50) has almost completely lowered, and - In a further step, the lowermost support cylinders (13) of the further support device (1) are retracted to allow the passage of the tunnel segment bottom (51), and

- In a further step, a support device (120) on the newly lowered tunnel segment (50) is set to first line this tunnel segment (50) on the previously lowered tunnel segment (50) and then the Schildvortriebsvorrichtung (100) for the next feed over to apply at least one tunnel segment length.