EP0257652B1 - Method of and device for driving a coal winning gallery partly in the footwall of a seam - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method and a device for driving a quarry or seam section laid in the lying area of a seam according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and of patent claim 5.

The proportion of the excavated track length regardless of the mining has increased continuously in recent years. This is due on the one hand to the increase in the proportion of the excavated track length, on the other hand to the fact that a much more intensive field investigation can take place and with the help of the unlocked small electronics it can be predicted when the longwall will get into trouble and for which periods replacement operations have to be provided. The way in which excavation routes that are independently excavated are currently being produced and expanded contains a whole series of serious disadvantages that lead to high and constantly increasing costs per meter of excavated route and that already show that the current form of tunneling and the current route expansion in larger depths can no longer be used. In addition, the mechanical jacking equipment and the Line expansion two system components linked to form the overall jacking system, which in their current designs (cutting head machines and flexible slide bend expansion) do not match in any way. The time required to install the extension is currently higher than the time required to machine the face.

The tunneling machines themselves still have considerable development reserves with regard to the possibilities of their constructive further development, while the flexible route expansion from channel profiles - developed 55 years ago in its basic concept - had already reached the limits of its further development capability some time ago. This applies both to the interaction with part-cutting machines in the closed jacking system and to the fulfillment of the rock-mechanical requirements, which have changed considerably since the development of the basic concept due to the significantly larger depths, the larger cross-sections and the changed process technology. The fully mechanized longwall operation meant that the longwall stamps of the route expansion had to be removed during the longwall passage, making the mountain control in the particularly endangered area of the longwall-route transition extremely difficult. More significant Labor, cost and disproportionately high numbers of accidents are the hallmarks of these difficulties. Labor-intensive and costly backfillings are also necessary in order to bring the flexible slide arch removal from channel profiles into contact with the surrounding mountain range.

In order to counteract the increased pressure effects in larger depths, it has already been proposed that the excavation sections be laid in the lying area of the seams. However, this results in zones of high additional pressure, which in the current shape of the mining sections are in the edge of the section and have so far not been considered manageable.

From "GLÜCKAUF", 1977, pages 945 to 946, a method and a device for driving an excavation or seam section laid in the lying area of a seam are known, in which the strut leads ahead of the tunnel drive and the mountains arising during the drive crushed and introduced in such a way that in addition to the actual mining section, two line accompanying dams are created. Here, the mining section tracks the leading strut at a more or less constant distance, the progress of the dismantling and the excavation of the lying section of the mining section taking place more or less parallel. At the longwall face or shortly the longwall face there are therefore comparatively frequent disruptions to the tunneling as a result of transport and other measures associated with the face operation.

A tunneling method is known from DE-Z "GLÜCKAUF", 1983, pages 324 to 330, in which the entire cross-section of the route is gained directly at the foremost face. Special ventilation is required to supply the on-site operation; the width gained on site corresponds to the width of the mining route. Line accompanying dams are not carried.

DE-C-922 529 relates to a method and a device for securing the slope when driving on routes, in particular for dismantling. Here are made under the hanging in the two section joints by the tunnel boring machine in the longitudinal direction extending slots, which are relatively deep and in which the ends of transverse to the longitudinal direction caps are inserted, the length of which is greater than the width of the line. Any accompanying dams are not provided here. The width driven on site corresponds to the transverse dimension of the stretch

Starting from the state of the art according to DE-Z "GLÜCKAUF", 1977, pages 945 to 946, the invention is based on the object of creating a method and a device for driving an excavation or seam section laid in the lying area of a seam, in which a complete temporal overlap of the cutting work of the tunneling machine and the introduction of the track extension is possible without influencing the progress of the mining in the face. In addition, the dismantling routes and the route expansion should be designed in such a way that the current major difficulties at the face of the face can be reduced or eliminated. Furthermore, the mastery of the mountains in the area of the hemline and the problem of machine stalls should be solved. In addition, the aim is that the mining sections can be used twice even under difficult geological conditions, one as a coal discharge section and the other as a top section. Furthermore, special ventilation with all its disadvantages should be avoided.

This object is achieved by the features in characterize the part of claim 1 and claim 5. The short strut has an unconventional cut and is equipped with new machine technology for coal extraction; it runs ahead of the T-shaped excavation section in the middle with the accompanying sections on both sides. The width of the route, route accompanying dams and accompanying routes corresponds to the short strut width.

Abb. 1

einen Grundriß des Systems mit Kurzfront-Walzenlader, Schlitzmaschinen, Schlagkopfmaschine, Brecher und Blasmaschine,

Abb. 2

einen Querschnitt der Abbaustrecke und der Begleitstrecken (Schnitt A-A in Abb. 1),

Abb. 3

einen Querschnitt durch den Kurzstreb mit Walzenlader, Ankerlochbohr- und Ankersetzmaschine sowie Schlitzmaschinen (Schnitt B-B in Abb. 1),

Abb. 4

einen Grundriß der Ausführungsform gemäß Abb. 3,

Abb. 5

eine Gewinnungsmaschine mit zwei Gewinnungsrichtungen (seitlich und vor Kopf),

Abb. 6

eine nach dem Vollschnittprinzip arbeitende Gewinnungsmaschine,

Abb. 7

maschinentechnische Einrichtungen für den Sprengvortrieb,

Abb. 8

ein Vortriebsbeispiel mit Schneidkopfmaschine,

Abb. 9

eine Ausbauvariante mit türstockartigen Stützstempeln (Schnitt C-C in Abb. 1),

Abb. 10

eine Ausbauvariante mit Polygonspreizen (Schnitt C-C in Abb. 1),

Abb. 11

eine Ausbauvariante für den oberen Streckenbereich mit hinter dem Vortriebsort eingebrachten Streckenbegleitdämmen (Schnitt D-D in Abb. 1)

und Abb. 12

eine Ausbauvariante für den gesamten Streckenbereich mit hinter dem Vortriebsort eingebrachten Streckenbegleitdämmen (Schnitt D-D in Abb. 1).

For the mechanical components of the longwall equipment, for the form and type of the production of the route contour, for the route extension, the location and the type of its introduction as well as for the introduction of the local mountains, there are the embodiments described below, some of which are the subject of the subclaims and subsequently on hand are described by figures. It represent

Fig. 1

a layout of the system with short front shearer, slitting machines, impact head machine, crusher and blow molding machine,

Fig. 2

a cross section of the mining section and the accompanying sections (section AA in Fig. 1),

Fig. 3

a cross section through the short strut with roller loader, anchor hole drilling and setting machine and slot machines (section BB in Fig. 1),

Fig. 4

3 shows a plan view of the embodiment according to FIG. 3,

Fig. 5

a winning machine with two winning directions (on the side and in front of the head),

Fig. 6

a extraction machine that works according to the full cutting principle,

Fig. 7

mechanical equipment for blasting,

Fig. 8

an example of tunneling with a cutting head machine,

Fig. 9

an expansion variant with doorstep-like support stamps (section CC in Fig. 1),

Fig. 10

an expansion variant with polygon spreaders (section CC in Fig. 1),

Fig. 11

an expansion variant for the upper section of the line with line accompanying dams behind the tunneling site (section DD in Fig. 1)

and Fig. 12

an expansion variant for the entire section of the route with line accompanying dams installed behind the tunneling site (section DD in Fig. 1).

The machine-technical equipment in the short strut, as can be seen in Fig. 1, consists of a short-form shearer 1, the sheave of which is attached to a movable swivel arm, a conveyor 2 angled on one side into one of the accompanying sections and extension units 3 connected to this conveyor via pulling devices , which can optionally or alternately be designed as trestles or shields. In order to obtain the same amount of coal per unit of time during the cutting process as during the normal mining trip along the face 4, the machine guide is angled on both sides into the accompanying sections. An angled machine guide 5 is sufficient on one side, an angled machine guide 6 and an angled face conveyor are necessary on the other side. The length of the face front 4 of the short stay should be about 20-30 m. At a certain distance from the face of the face 4, the excavation section 7 is opened in the middle in the horizontal position. The parts of the line expansion necessary for securing the slope, not shown in Fig. 1, are already set or inserted immediately behind the ends 8 of the middle extension units 3 facing the line, so that all downstream operations, including the production of the actual dismantling line, take place in the expanded area can. This means that the machinery no longer has to be shut down to bring in the expansion.

In the embodiment described in FIG. 1, the excavation section 7 arranged in the lying position is produced by a striking head machine 9, the loading device 10 of which is designed as a lobster scissor loader. The striking head machine has two striking tools 13, 14 arranged on spatially movable swivel arms 11, 12, preferably hydraulically driven. Over the one attached to the rear of the machine swiveling short conveyor 15, the loosened and loaded pile is transferred to an intermediate conveyor 16 which can be moved by wheels, which forwards the loaded mountains to the crusher 17 which can be moved on caterpillars, which carries out the further comminution and feeds the intermediate bunker via the boom conveyor 18 connected to it. This can also be moved on caterpillars and supplies the caterpillar blowing machine 21 via the cantilever conveyor 20. By means of the blowing machine, the blown mountains are blown in route accompanying dams 22 arranged on the side of the mining route 7 in such a way that route accompanying routes 23 are located between the route accompanying dams and the pending coal arise. The dams 22 are produced at a distance of 10-20 m behind the longwall construction 3 of the short strut. In order to be able to manufacture route accompanying dams 22 on both sides of the route, two blowpipe strands 24, 25 are displaceably arranged on guide and support devices (not shown) in the dismantling section 7, so that the blow lines can also be brought forward with little labor and expense, following the high speed of advance. The two blow pipe strands 24, 25 are guided through niches 26, 27 via S-shaped, spatially curved connecting pieces into the two accompanying sections 23, where they are continued in line strands 28, 29 which can preferably be moved on the lying surface. About Häspel 30 and ropes 31, the line strands 28, 29 arranged in the accompanying sections 23 can be brought forward in accordance with the progress of the dismantling. In order to be able to blow flawless dams 22, slide formwork 32 are provided in the embodiment described in FIG. 1, which can be pulled forward by means of bobbins 33 and ropes 34.

The niches 26, 27, 35, 36 between the line accompanying dams 22 have a dual function. On the one hand, when driving up the route, they serve to guide the blow line lines from the mining route 7 into the accompanying routes 23. During the subsequent dismantling, in which the loading scraper lies in the accompanying section facing the strut, the niches have the purpose of guiding the flow via fixed slides from the loading scraper to the rubber belt conveyor laid in the dismantling section 7.

During the driving up of the mining section 7, the weather guidance can take place, for example, in such a way that the fresh weather is supplied via the accompanying sections 23 and then guided through the short strut, while the weathering flows back through the mining section 7. In order to ensure perfect weather management, the area between the strut-side front ends of the route accompanying dams 22 and the rear ends 8 of the longwall construction is divided into two weather paths by weather separators (not shown in FIG. 1) divided. In addition, the niches 26, 27, 35, 36 are closed during the route in order to avoid short circuits in the weather. The niches 26, 27 through which the blow line strands have to be guided are closed by flexible weather separators 37, 38, while the niches 35, 36 are preferably sealed by polyurethane foam walls 39, 40. The polyurethane foam walls can be easily removed again before dismantling, if the weather conditions have to be changed from counter-clockwise to counter-clockwise. Since at least one of the two accompanying routes 23 is available in addition to the mining route 7 by using the route system described in FIG. 1 as a degradation accompanying route, the total available weather cross section increases in an advantageous manner. This will have an extremely favorable effect when moving to larger depths, because larger amounts of weather have to be supplied due to the higher mountain temperatures.

During the route, the face conveyor 2 is bent into one of the two accompanying routes 23 by means of the rolling curve 6. The conveyor part 41 located in the accompanying section is dimensioned so long that it overlaps the loading scraper 42 by a sufficiently large amount so that the loading scraper only at reasonable intervals, For example, on the repair and maintenance layer, must be brought forward. In a niche that cannot be seen in FIG. 1, the delivery flow occurring during line advance is transferred through a slide from the accompanying line 23 to the rubber belt conveyor, also not shown, which is laid in the removal line 7.

In order to facilitate the work of the double-armed impact head machine provided in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1 and to ensure high propulsion speeds, cutting slots are produced from the seam lying down to the level of the future road level by specially designed machines. The slots 43 run transversely, the slots 44 along the line axis. By means of the abovementioned cutting slots, the rock of the face to be extracted is divided into upright, large blocks which have already been exposed on five sides and which can be quickly and easily cut up by the hammer 13, 14 of the hammer head machine 9.

Fig. 2 shows a cross-section of the excavation section and the accompanying sections at point AA in Fig. 1. The excavation section 7, which is laid flat, has a slightly trapezoidal cross-section in order to increase the stability of the section joints 45. To maintain this stability even during To keep the pressure effects of the additional pressure sufficiently high during the longwall passage, rock bolts 46 can be used, which are set from the accompanying stretches 23, or anchors 47, which are introduced from the mining stretch 7, can be provided. The length and arrangement of the rock anchors 46, 47 depend on the geological conditions, the cut of the excavation and the spatial dimensions of the excavation section 7, on the location and shape of the section dams 22 and the section sections 23. In order, under the effect of the additional pressure during the longwall passage To prevent the upper edges 48 of the excavation section 7 from falling into the area of pressure, the section accompanying dams 22 are displaced by a corresponding amount 49 in the direction of the accompanying sections 23 with respect to the edges 48. The line accompanying dams 22 themselves are solidified under the influence of the additional pressure and thus initially give way, so that a not inconsiderable part of the compressive stresses can be reduced by movements that take place on the cracks that occur.

With the alternative solutions "tunneling with impact head machine" (as shown in Fig. 1) and "explosive tunneling" - as already mentioned - the cutting slots 43, 44 are first made in the rock in front of the face. Additional Cutting slots 50 can be provided as "relaxation slots" if the additional pressure has an effect such that the section joints 45 migrate into the free cross section of the excavation section 7.

Immediately after the expansion of the leading strut, which cannot be seen in Fig. 2, the route expansion is introduced in the upper area of the later mining section 7.

In the illustrated embodiment, the route extension consists of rock anchors 51 and a cap 52 made of steel or reinforced, mineral, hydraulically setting building material, which can be supported with its ends 53 in the route accompanying dams 22. The expansion can also consist of rock anchors 51 and wire mesh warping. The slope in the accompanying sections 23 - similarly to the area of the later mining section 7 - is also secured immediately behind the longwall construction of the leading short strut (not shown in FIG. 2) by rock bolts 54 and wire mesh or mesh warping 55. The expansion component of the track expansion, which due to its strong, robust and compliant design is suitable for the later absorption of the additional pressure during the strut passage, is placed at a certain distance behind the actual tunneling site. so as not to hinder the tunneling work. This expansion component is therefore not shown in Figs. 1 and 2. It would even be sufficient if this expansion component was introduced with a sufficient safety margin before the pressure increase that initiated the additional pressure. The additional expansion in the accompanying sections 23, which is capable of absorbing the additional pressure caused by the removal, consists of striding hydraulic beams which are arranged in sufficient length in front of the longwall.

Fig. 3 shows a cross section through the short strut with the extraction machine, face conveyor, extension and the associated auxiliary units, which are required to insert the anchor extension and in two of the possible concept variants for producing the cutting slots 44. Fig. 3 corresponds to the section BB in Fig. 1. In this embodiment, a roller loader 56 with a pivotable arm 57 and roller 58 arranged on this arm serves as the extraction machine. The machine body 56 of the roller loader 1, which is guided on the face conveyor 2, should be relatively be of short construction so that the shearer loader can be guided through 90 degrees curves at the two ends of the short strut on the corresponding guideway bent into the accompanying sections. This allows the new strut to be cut into the two struts of the short strut Extraction field without substantial reduction in the coal released per unit of time. An essential criterion of the three concept variants for the extraction machine system component (Fig. 3 - 6) is that the amount of coal released per unit of time remains constant, which is possible with the two concept variants, in which the extraction machines work with partial intervention, in that the cutting process The amount of coal generated per unit of time is the same as the amount of coal released per unit of time when driving along the face of the longwall.

The extraction process itself can be carried out in such a way that the roller loader first releases the upper coal in the form shown in Fig. 3 with the roller 58 and then the sliding caps 60 of the longwall construction 61 are extended in order to minimize the expansion delay and the exposed slope area to keep. Then the roller 58 would be pivoted with the boom 57 at the end of the short strut to the prone cut and the undercoat could be extracted. However, it is also possible that during the extraction run of the roller loader 56, the swivel arm 57 executes a pendulum movement in such a way that the roller 58 constantly processes the entire coal impact between the hanging and the lying. The loading process is carried out by a clearing plate and a not shown the coal end of the conveyor 2 screwed on ramp 59 supports.

The extension 61 is connected via a guiding and returning device 62 to the face conveyor 2 and its lateral screw-on parts 63, which receive the cutting cable and contain the feed device. On the side facing away from the winning stroke, the cap pull contains a second sliding cap 64 which is approximately half the width of the main cap 65 of the face structure 61. The sliding cap 64 pointing in the direction of the track advance is supported at its free end by a hydraulic ram 66. The anchor hole drilling and anchor setting device 67 is arranged on the side of the sliding cap 64. The drilling machine 69 moves with the boring bar 70 in a guide mount 68. The rock anchors are also inserted and set via the drilling machine 69. In the event that the strut opening is considerably smaller than the anchor length, boring bars which can be plugged together from several components and the same or flexible anchors are used. In order to make the largest possible proportion of the longwall opening usable for the stroke of the drilling machine, the drilling machine can also be angled to the side, arranged next to or between the guides and the power can be mechanically transmitted to the boring bar via a bevel gear.

By means of the sliding caps 64 and the hydraulic rams 66 it is achieved that the anchor hole drilling and anchor setting device 67 is firmly displaced and the face structure 61 - following the extraction - can move forward independently thereof. When the anchors are set, the punch 66 is retracted and the sliding cap 64 is pulled into the main cap 65 by a back cylinder, not shown. Then the punch 66 is set again and the anchor drill holes of the next row of anchors can be made. In this way, the expansion joint, which is indispensable for the process, is realized between the subsystem extraction, longwall mining, expansion on the one hand and the subsystem installation of anchor removal on the other.

In the area of the course joints 45 of the mining route 7, 61 slot machines 71 are arranged on the lying surface for the concept variants "propulsion with impact head machine" and "explosive propulsion" in the area of or immediately behind the skids of the extension. The slitting machines have a swiveling boom 72, over which a cutting chain 73 runs, which is covered with picks 74. The slot machines have their own drive for the movement of the cutting chain, which is preferably used as a compressed air drive is designed to enable a continuous control of cutting force, chain belt speed and feed force of the machine. Control devices (not shown), for example microprocessors, can link the hydraulic cylinder 75 to form a control loop. The feed cylinder 75, which is preferably designed as a multiple telescopic cylinder, is arranged between the runner end 61 of the longwall structure 61 facing away from the carbon front and a guide rod 76 in such a way that the piston side with the larger piston surface is always available for advancing the slitting machine.

If the slitting machine is not working, both the piston space and the annular space of the cylinder 75 are connected to the hydraulic return line of the pressure line system for the longwall construction 61, not shown, so that it can be preferred at all times to the extraction without exerting forces on the slitting machine 71 will.

Around the two edges 48 - Fig. 2 - along the line axis between the seam and the line joints 45 of the line 7 a step to support the line expansion in the upper area of the line cross-section to have, the slitting machine 71 can be equipped in addition to the cutter arm 72 with a cutter mushroom 77 arranged in the vicinity of the machine body. The shrinking felt 77 has the cross section of a truncated cone in order to produce a horizontal support surface 78 along the edge 48 in the case of oblique butt joints.

In the feed direction behind the slitting machine 71, the cutting chain 73 preferably runs "undershot" in the direction of the arrow, a suction device 79 for the small cutting and the resulting dust is arranged, which ensures that the cutting chain 43 cannot be blocked by the loosened material. The rock released by the shrinking pieces 74 takes up a volume increased by the bulk factor in the shaving slot, so that at least the amount corresponding to this increase in volume is sucked off by the suction device 79 to ensure that the cutting chain 73 is not blocked.

Fig. 4 shows the mechanical strut system including the additional equipment such as anchor hole drilling and anchor setting machine as well as the slot machine for the embodiment with a roller loader, ie the same machine technology Equipment as shown in Fig. 3, in plan.

In Fig. 5 the variant "side and in front of the working extraction device" is shown in plan and side view for the extraction machine. The face conveyor 2 and its lateral screw-on parts 63 correspond in principle to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 for the variant roller loader. The face conveyor is connected via the guide and return device 62 to the face construction not shown in FIG. 5. This corresponds in its basic structure, including the anchor hole drilling and anchor setting devices 67 and for the variants "propulsion with impact head machine" and "explosive propulsion" including the slot machine 71, to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.

The extraction machine for lateral operation and head-to-head extraction essentially consists of a loading platform 80 which protrudes in the direction of the coal impact above the conveyor and can be moved on the conveyor, bearing blocks 81 arranged on the loading platform and a pivoting boom 82 which is located at its free end carries the extraction tools. The swiveling boom is in his the pivot bearing 83 adjacent area preferably carried out so that it can accommodate the drive motors and the reduction gear.

The loading platform 80 tapers at its coal end 84 to promote the loading process when cutting into the struts. In order to improve the loading process during the extraction run along the face conveyor, the loading platform is equipped with side loading ramps 85 which extend as close as possible to the conveyor side wall or to a loading ramp attached to the coal end of the conveyor. Active loading aids 86 are arranged on the wide ramp of the loading platform 80 and extend in their pivoting range beyond the edge 87 of the loading platform. The cross section of the loading arms 88 is designed so that the resistance when immersed in the pile is small, but the subsequent loading effect is large.

A plurality of self-contained cutting chains 89, which are equipped with creases, run over the pivotable boom 82 and drive two cross-cutting heads 90 arranged on the two free ends of the boom. At the free end of the boom that is arranged on the curb chains 89 through the outer tips Picking circular arcs in radius are only slightly smaller than the radius of the largest circular arc formed by the picking of cross-cutting heads 90.

For the sake of clarity, the extraction machine is only shown in its basic structure; Numerous auxiliary devices that are common and necessary in mining machines, such as swivel cylinders, spraying devices, energy supply, feed and safety devices, are not described or shown.

When the extraction machine has reached the striving end on its extraction journey on one of the two sides of the short strut, the conveyor and extraction machine are pressed forward by the guidance and return devices 62 and, if necessary, by powerful additional return cylinders, not shown in FIG. 5, with extraction tools running. As a result, the boom 82 cuts in front of the head by the next field width in the coal pile. This incision can be made on the hanging, lying or anywhere on the seam profile. By means of a pivoting movement, the boom 82 sweeps the entire seam height with the extraction tools 89, 90 so that a new slump occurs, the per unit time The amount of coal released corresponds to the amount of coal released per unit of time on the normal mining trip along the long face. After cutting, the extraction machine can first release the coal in the area of the seam near the slope, depending on the extraction method of the shearer shown in Figs. 3 and 4, whereby the sliding caps 60 of the longwall construction 61 are pushed forward immediately after passing the extraction machine and then on a second extraction run Coal is loosened at the seamle; however, it is also possible for the pivotable boom 82 to perform an oscillating pivoting movement during the extraction run, so that the coal is released over the entire seam thickness during a extraction run.

Both in the roller loader shown in Figs. 3 and 4 and in the extraction machine with lateral operation and cutting in front of head according to Fig. 5, it is provided that all work processes run fully automatically or controlled by processors. This applies both to the movements of the extraction machine itself and to the system linkage with the expansion of the stride. Short struts of the form described in Fig. 3 - 5 are extremely clear, so that - in contrast to the long "normal struts" - it is quite possible is that full automation of all work processes in the longwall will find widespread use in the company. For the monitoring of the automated short strut and the additional operations such as anchor hole drilling and anchor insertion, as well as the production of the cutting slots, two men are provided for each extraction layer. The operation of the operating team is comparable to the monitoring of multiple machine operation in the manufacturing companies of mechanical engineering.

As shown in detail in Fig. 6, in another embodiment, there is also the possibility for the extraction machine to process the coal pile simultaneously on the entire longwall face by means of extraction tools. On the coal end of the conveyor 2 are near the hanging and lying guides for tool-equipped link chains 91, which win the coal stack in the upper area to the hanging and at the seam root to the lying with offset extraction tools 92. The central area of the coal pile either collapses by itself or, in the case of larger seam thicknesses, is solved by special crushing tools rotating around the chains, not shown in Fig. 6. There are drive wheels of relatively large diameter on one or both strut ends, which are driven by drive motors 93 via reduction gears 94. Auxiliary and safety devices, not shown, complete the mechanical equipment for the extraction. The conveyor is connected to the longwall structure 61 via a guide and return device 62. Sliding caps 60 are extended synchronously with the progress of the extraction, while the extension 61 is moved in at certain time intervals. As with the two alternative solutions for extraction shown in Fig. 3 - 5, all work processes on the extraction machine and the link with the longwall construction are fully automated or processor-controlled.

In the variant "explosive propulsion" - explained in Fig. 7 - the mining section 7 also leads a short strut, not shown in the figure. Slitting machines 70, which are arranged behind the longwall construction 61 according to FIGS. 3 and 4 and which are advanced via telescopic cylinders 75 and a guide linkage 76, produce the two cutting slots 44. The delimitation between the two accompanying sections 23 and the subsequent mining section 7 can in this variant or also in the variants "advance with percussion head machine" and "advance with cutting head machine" by route accompanying dams 22 or also by one or more rows of stamps 95. These rows of punches are always used if, as shown in Fig. 11 and 12, the rock loosened and subsequently broken during the tunneling is only introduced at a greater distance behind the face, preferably as a blowing offset or used for cushioning cushioning of the final route expansion.

In the "blasting propulsion" variant, the blasting holes are preferably made perpendicular to the seam lying, ie in planes parallel to the face, in order to blast off the pending rock, disc-wise, only exposed laterally through the two cutting slots 44, in a manner comparable to the principle of "blasting blasting". The blast holes are preferably produced by means of a fully or partially automatic drilling device, which preferably drills several rows of holes at the same time or the length of an entire tee with several drilling machines. The drilling device is advanced before blasting by means of traction means 96 and winches, which are arranged on the longwall construction, not shown. Hydraulic clamping rams 97a, which are displaced in tabs 97b, ensure that the drilling device maintains its position during the drilling process. The stamps take over it also the part of the reaction forces from the pressure forces of the cutting edges that exceeds the weight of the drilling device.

The drilling device itself consists of a strong frame 97, which is shifted on wide runners. The bridge-like traverse 99, which carries the drilling machines 100, can be moved back and forth over this frame by means of feed devices (not shown). In the operating state shown in the figure, the crossbeam is moved further in the direction of the arrow after drilling a number of boreholes, the boreholes 101 having already been drilled, while boreholes still have to be produced at the locations 102. The drilling device is guided in the cutting slots 44 via guide cams or guide swords 103. At the track-side end of the runners 98, bearing brackets 104 are arranged, on which a heavy steel plate 105 is pivotally attached. In the normal state, for better weather management, the steel plate 105 is folded back onto the bed, only during the blasting is it swung up into the position shown in the figure in order to protect the drilling device from damage by flying rocks.

To load the pile, a loading machine 106 with a loading arm 106a is used, which transfers the loaded rock to the mobile intermediate conveyor 16. The downstream units, which are not shown in Fig. 7, correspond in design and arrangement to the downstream units in Fig. 1. The distance between the face, the excavation section 7 and the short strut is dimensioned such that, including safety devices such as the swiveling one Steel plate 105, the automatic coal extraction does not need to be interrupted during the blasting process.

Fig. 8 describes and shows the tunneling with the "cutting head machine" variant. Behind the short strut, the longwall structure 3 of which is equipped on its side 8 facing away from the coal joint with sliding caps 64, support punches 66 and combined anchor hole drilling and anchor setting devices, the exposed slope is secured by anchor mesh wire mesh or rock anchors with attached caps. This safeguarding allows the cutting head machine 107, which has loading devices 107a and a boom conveyor 108, not to be introduced, as in the previously known tunneling methods of the line expansion needs to be stopped. In this way, the propulsive power is more than doubled. The boom conveyor 108 passes the loosened pile onto the movable intermediate conveyor 16, which is followed by the downstream devices according to FIG. 1, not shown in detail in FIG. 8. The cutting arm 109 can, as shown in FIG. 8, be equipped with a longitudinal cutting head or else with a cross cutting head. Slashing slots on the excavation joints of the route, such as are useful for blasting or driving with a hammer head machine, can be omitted for the type of tunneling with a cutting head machine. In addition, it is also possible to dispense with the "cutting" required in the current line drives, since the carburized seam already provides a cavity from which the cutting head can be lowered onto the rock to be loosened. Movements of the cutting head are preferably provided, in which the entire working face does not have to be processed by the cutting extraction tools, but rather only broad paths are cut, between which the rock then breaks in roughly. The shape and arrangement of the tracks are determined on a case-by-case basis. It is therefore advisable to learn automatic process control for the movement sequences of the cutting arm 109, which in itself is known.

The separation between the mining section 7 and the accompanying sections 23 can either be carried out by the section accompanying dams 22 shown in FIGS. 1 and 8, which are preferably produced by blowing offset, or according to FIG. 7 by one or more rows of punches 95 if the offset is placed at a greater distance behind the face or is used to cushion the route expansion. The two alternative options, route escapement 22 or rows of stamps 95, mainly depend on where and for what purpose the broken local mountains are introduced.

Fig. 9 shows a cross-section through the excavation section and the accompanying sections, as it can be - regardless of the type of excavation on the face - with the expansion variant "doorstep-like support stamp" at a greater distance behind the excavation site (section CC in Fig. 1 ). According to Fig. 2, the anchors 51 are placed immediately behind the longwall construction in the area of the later mining section 7 and the anchors 54 in the area of the later accompanying sections 23. Either a cap 52 or wire mesh or mat warping can be attached under the anchors 51. Wire mesh or mat distortion 55 should also secure the hanging in the accompanying routes in the area of the anchor 54. Furthermore, stamps 95 are placed in the area behind the longwall construction, which additionally support the caps under their free ends. In the concept variant shown in FIG. 9, the stamps 95 are intended both to support the slope and also to accommodate the fabric 110 for delimiting the line accompanying dam 22 on the line side. The route accompanying dam 22 can either be built directly behind the longwall construction or at a greater distance behind the tunneling site. On the side of the accompanying sections 23, the section accompanying dam 22 is delimited by a woven wire mesh mat 111, which can be attached to the anchors 54 on the slope side and to the anchors 46 on the lying side.

The anchors 51, 54, the cap 52 as well as the wire mesh or mat distortion 55 and finally the stamp 95 in their entirety represent the expansion component which has to withstand the pressure phenomena which lead to the convergence of the collision. The second expansion component must be introduced in good time before the additional pressure occurs, which additional component has to withstand the pressure phenomena of the additional pressure and has to absorb the major part of the convergence of the route. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 9 consists of the second expansion components from door frame-like stamps, preferably flexible by friction, which are placed near or on the edge 48 between the track joints and the seam and are held on the cap pull 52 in corresponding bearing shells 112. The punches consist of two parts 113, 114 which are telescopically movable in and on one another, the supporting force of which is generated by connecting elements 115, which preferably operate according to the friction principle. At the butt joint, the doorstep-like stamps can be supported on brackets 116, which are displaced in a runner 117, which can consist of mineral, hydraulically setting building material and which is located in step 78, which is caused by the shrinking mushroom 77 on the bracket shown in the embodiment on the right side of the illustration end of the route joint near the horizontal is generated (see Fig. 3).

In the embodiment according to the left-hand side of the illustration, the edge 48 in the region of the door frame-like stamp can be encompassed by angle plates 118 which carry the brackets 119 for the stamp. In this embodiment, the possible migration of the route joints 45 under the action of the additional pressure is counteracted by the initiation of the supporting force of the expansion. Additional anchors 47 at the line joints can support this effect.

Another constructive solution for the design of the second component for the line expansion, which has to absorb the effects of the additional pressure and the vast majority of the overall convergence, is shown in Fig. 10. The expansion component, which is also introduced in the area of the section CC in Fig. 1, consists of polygon-like spreaders that support one another in joints. The first expansion component, which has to absorb the effects of the pressure phenomena arising when opening, can be constructed and assembled differently, for example as shown in Fig. 2 or in Fig. 9 and described for these. In the case of the expansion alternative according to Fig. 10, the upper part of the expansion component intended to accommodate the additional pressure corresponds to the embodiment shown in Fig. 9. The stamps in the upper part of the section cross-section consist of two components 113, 114 which are preferably telescopically movable into one another via a friction lock 115. They are supported with their upper components 113 in bearing shells 112 which are attached to the caps 52. If as a preliminary route extension immediately behind the longwall construction Anchors with wire mesh warping have been introduced, the bearings 112 are arranged on a short cap, which is placed simultaneously with the punches in the area of the section CC, FIG. 1. The components 113, 114 of the upper punches do not have to be made of steel. These can also consist of other materials or even just formwork elements, which after their installation are filled with mineral, hydraulically setting building material. It is only important that they can be moved axially against each other while building up a high resistance to expansion.

In the lower section of the route, a curved polygon support 120 is shown on the left side of FIG. 10 to identify a special embodiment, while the straight polygon support 121 shown on the right side shows a simpler alternative. Both polygon supports 120, 121 are connected via joints 122 to the upper resilient stamps and are leveled at points 123 in the track base in order to be able to better withstand horizontal pressure effects which can occur as a result of the additional pressure during dismantling. In pressurized mountains and especially in large depths, it must be expected that the lines on the outside on both sides or on one side next to the accompanying routes Coal considerable pressure effects are exerted on the seam lying, which lead to the fact that despite slashing slots 50 and lying anchors 46,47 - in Fig. 2 the lateral section joints 45 can be moved into the lower part of the excavation section 7. A curved polygon support 120 largely resists such thrust effects, since its curvature generates compressive stresses in the structural parts under load from the impact pressure. If curved polygon supports 120 are used for the lower part of the route, then the route butts 45 must be shaped accordingly during the advance work or - if blasting work is used or impact head machines are used - the cutting slots 44 have to be produced with appropriately curved arms.

The variants for route expansion, which are shown in Figs. 11 and 12, also assume the division of functions for route expansion. As shown in Figs. 2, 9 and 10, the expansion variants in Figs. 11 and 12 also have the expansion component that is used to record the pressure phenomena when opening and converging, depending on the geological conditions, the geometric shape of the accompanying sections and the removal section and Operation cut from combinations of anchors 52, 54, caps 53, wire mesh or mat distortion 55 and stamps 95. In the area of section DD (Fig. 1), the second expansion component, which serves to absorb the additional pressure and the vast majority of the overall convergence, is introduced.

The expansion principle according to Fig. 11 and 12 is based on a further division of functions, namely that the route expansion itself only has to take up the supporting force, while the function "compliance to absorb the convergence" is provided by the offset which is produced from the broken local mountains. Since the offset is based on the expansion, it is designed in the form of a closed shield compared to the open route profile. The specific loads are lower than with conventional expansion, since the expansion elements are always loaded on their entire outer surface and not in a punctiform manner. As it is known that rock tensions are reduced by movements on the resulting fractured surfaces, the pressure effects decrease with increasing compression of the offset. The three decisive advantages of this new type of expansion (variants as shown in Fig. 11 and 12) are that
that in the area of the tunneling site only a relatively easy to insert and quick to set Expansion to start the convergence without impeding the driving work must be introduced,
that the flexibility for the absorption of the additional pressure has been shifted from the expansion to the offset and
that the expansion is simplified and relieved in terms of its stress.

In one exemplary embodiment, the track extension can consist of a vault arranged above the trapezoidal lower part of the excavation track 7, which is supported on the seam lying on its lower free leg with support feet or support strips 124. The side parts 125 of the roof-shaped track extension are arranged at such an angle on the support feet or support straps 124 that the corresponding forces have sufficiently large horizontal components when loaded, so that the migration of the track joint 45 is effectively counteracted in this way. The roof-shaped track extension can be made in one part or - as shown in Fig. 11 - in two parts. In the latter case, the two components 125 are connected to one another by a joint 126.

The roof-shaped track extension can consist of individual elements that are installed in the area of section D-D (Fig. 1) and that lie flush with one another. In another expansion variant, individual elements can be provided on which there are sealing delay plates. However, in a particularly cost-saving embodiment that relieves the infrastructure, it is also possible to let slip formwork run through the section in the area of the section DD (FIG. 1), over which the roof-shaped section extension is poured from mineral, hydraulically setting building material at the point of its introduction becomes. There is also the option of installing lightweight elements made of thin sheet metal, which serve as formwork for the subsequent form of route expansion, and filling them with mineral, hydraulically setting building material after installation. Steel reinforcements are used in all expansion variants in which mineral, hydraulically setting building material is used in order to be able to adequately withstand possible bending or tensile loads.

After the construction or installation of the expansion, the broken break piles are preferably in the form of a blowing offset in the region 127 above the section ridges and introduced laterally to the accompanying routes. Offset fabric with mat mesh 110, which is preferably attached to stamps 95, limits the route accompanying dam against the accompanying route. Additional anchors 46, 47 can be introduced to secure the route joints 45.

At certain intervals (approx. 30 - 50 m), recesses are provided in the track extension 125 and in the track accompanying dam 127 in the form of slashes, so that during later dismantling, the conveying of the loading scraper laid in the accompanying tracks 23 onto the track conveyor arranged in the mine section 7 (preferably Rubber belt conveyor).

Fig. 12 shows an expansion variant that is very similar to the expansion shown in Fig. 11 in terms of the working and functional principle. The difference to the configuration according to Fig. 11 essentially consists in the fact that the lateral legs of the arch-like configuration are pulled through to the bottom of the section and anchored at points 128 in the latter. The combination of anchors 51, 54, cap 52, wire mesh or mat warping 55 and stamps 95 introduced in the area of the tunneling site corresponds in design and variation possibilities to the variant shown in FIG. 11. The vault-like expansion 129, comparable to the canopy 125 of the variant shown in Fig. 11, shields the section cross section against the offset 127 to be introduced later and is designed so that the pressure loads that are transferred from the offset to the expansion under the influence of the additional pressure are absorbed can. The expansion can consist of metal segments and mineral, hydraulically setting building material. In the former form, pointed arches can be used, between which sealing delay plates are arranged. In the second variant, precast concrete parts can be installed, sliding formwork can be used and formwork elements can be used, which are filled in on site after installation. In the stretch ridge 130, the expansion is carried out to achieve a kind of "icebreaker effect". On the right-hand side of Fig. 12, a swipe 131 is shown as a connection between the section 7 and one of the accompanying sections 23, which can consist, for example, of preformed pipes or similar molded parts 132 which are blown into the offset 127.

The tunneling and cutting system has the following significant advantages over the known tunneling types for excavation routes that are driven independently of the expansion.

The driving costs for driving up the route are largely covered by the coal from the leading longwall. Assuming a seam thickness of 1.8 m and assuming a face length of 25 m and a propulsion speed of 30 m / d, the short face provides a daily usable subsidy of 1350 tvF / d. The possibility of extensive automation or process control of the most important work processes in the longwall, which results from the good clarity in a short 25m long shortbar, allows the longwall to be occupied by only two men per extraction layer. In addition, the investment and the lending service - assuming the same seam thickness - are only about 10% of the values for the "normal striving". The repair costs are also significantly lower compared to the "normal strut". As a result, the target costs of the coal obtained in the leading short strut are considerably lower than the target costs of the "normal strut", so that this difference already covers a substantial part of the route costs. These, in turn, are also only a partial amount of the currently usual excavation costs for mining sections. If - based on the running meter distance - from the total target costs of the the current "normal strut" plus the contribution for the two accompanying stretches of stripping deducts the striving costs for the coal obtained in the short strut, then there is a remaining amount with which, under favorable geological conditions, the effort for the traversed, lying lying stretches with the two accompanying stretches to a large extent can be covered. The remaining amount is offset by the savings at the face and in the infrastructure, so that one can speak of an overall cost-covering route. Extremely high tunneling speeds of 30 m / d and more can be achieved. The high drive-up speeds, in addition to reducing the drive-up costs per meter, result in the fact that the period between the planning decision and the provision of the tailored construction height is reduced to approximately 1/3 compared to the current state. Furthermore, the concentration of material and production flow and the reduction of transport and production routes within the infrastructure have a cost-effective effect.

The location of the route to the seam corresponds to the latest rock mechanics knowledge for the route in great depths. Mountain mechanical model investigations have shown that in the lying area the Seams cut can withstand the pressure phenomena to be expected in areas between 1200 and 1600 m depth to a much better degree than the current mining routes. In addition, the zones of high additional pressure are shifted from the edge of the route to an area approximately 8 to 10 m away by the accompanying routes arranged on both sides of the route. Furthermore, the accompanying sections can be used as relief chambers for the pressure that acts on the seam edge areas.

The mining section can be double-sided, i.e. be used twice. The type and form of the proposed excavation route allow double use (initially coal removal route and later overhead section), which means that in the event that the above-mentioned cost recovery should not be fully achieved, the remaining costs are halved. In 1985, only 18.5% of the mining routes were in second use.

The special cutting of the excavation section and the accompanying sections eliminates the major part of the current difficulties at the face of the face during later dismantling. Since the accompanying routes are secured with anchoring, there is an expanded machine stall along the entire length of the excavation, which is stepped by hydraulic Beams in the range of the additional pressure to be expected can be adequately secured. The size of the machine stall, ie the width of the accompanying sections, can be adapted by increasing the length of the short strut to the length of the extraction machines which are intended for subsequent dismantling. Hem edges, which have to be intercepted and secured in terms of personnel and costs, no longer exist.

The extensive automation of the most important work processes in the short strut leads to a high degree of time utilization of the machines and to extremely low personnel expenditure. The system linking the extraction machine, face conveyor and face construction is fully automatic or by process control. Cutting machines are provided as extraction machines, which also produce the same output per unit of time when "cutting in" a extraction field as during the extraction process on the face of the longwall. In this way, runtime shares (based on working hours on site) of 75% can be achieved.

By driving up the line arranged in a lying position under the hanging end caps already placed on the roof, there is no downtime for the insertion on site the route expansion. With the tunneling equipment for the route, the runtime shares (based on working hours on site) increase considerably compared to the current values. The spatial equalization of the individual work processes allows a large temporal overlap, so that for the variants "advance with cutting head machine" and "advance with percussion head machine" more than a doubling of the runtime share and for "explosive propulsion" a considerable increase in performance can also be achieved. The track extension, if it is installed on site in excavation stretches that are driven independently of the breakdown, does not yet have the supporting power reserves that are required when absorbing the additional pressure during the longwall passage. A route expansion that is optimally tailored to the rock mechanics requirements therefore consists of two components, the first of which must be sufficient to absorb the pressure phenomena when driving up, while the second component in connection with the first has to absorb the additional pressure and the convergence before, during and after the longwall passage. The second component, which is heavier in any case and more complex to insert, can be installed in this way at a sufficient distance behind the tunneling site so that the actual tunneling process is not burdened by these operations or is disturbed. If a strut continues to advance the excavation route and the route is driven in a lying position, it is possible to implement the expansion necessary to absorb the pressure phenomena when driving up before the tunneling site. In such a system, the tunneling machines and the loading equipment do not have to be shut down - as is currently the case - in order to bring in the track extension. In blasting, drilling, loading, blasting and loading also take place in areas in which the expansion component necessary to absorb the pressure phenomena when opening is already set. In the case of partial cutting machines, at least a doubling of the speeds of advance can be achieved, since the time-consuming cutting is also eliminated. A significant increase in performance is also possible with blasting.

In the "blasting jacking" and "jacking with impact head machines" variants, the rock is loosened and shredded with low energy and wear. The two concept variants "tunneling with impact head machines" and "explosive tunneling" contain - compared to the current mechanical opening of excavation-independent mining sections and with the concept variant "tunneling with partial cutting machines" - the very essential advantage of Low-energy and low-wear crushing of the rock on the face. If the entire face is extracted using cutting tools from a part-cutting machine, this is a very unfavorable process - from a shredding point of view - which requires a high specific amount of energy and leads to considerable wear. However, if the face is harvested in large pieces by blasting or, as in the concept variant "tunneling with impact head machine", crushed and then further crushed in a crusher carried along, the crushing to the desired grain size is carried out in a considerably more cost-effective manner because the rock is already exposed on all sides.

The infrastructure of the entire mine building is relieved considerably, since the local mountains do not have to be removed, but remain in the tunneling area and the majority of the weight of the route expansion can be fed fully automatically via piping systems.

By dividing the functions of the track expansion according to the procedural and rock mechanical requirements for tunneling and the longwall passage, the expansion and its introduction can be optimized. In addition to those related to the temporal utilization rate of the Advantages already mentioned for tunneling equipment, the division of the functions of the track expansion leads to completely new types of construction, which can be designed particularly inexpensively with regard to fulfilling the rock mechanics and process engineering requirements.

The special ventilation, which is usually the case with track drives, is no longer required. The dismantled section and the two accompanying sections represent three separate weather paths, which in this way enable connection to the main weather system. Fresh weather is supplied via the two companion routes, which are guided through the short strut and returned as weathering over the medium distance. The outgassing to be expected in the short strut at 30 m mining speed per day can be managed on the way of the main weathering and with large amounts of weather.

Due to the far-reaching reduction in the cost of the metered excavation route and the elimination of the difficulties at the face edges, the face length is becoming less important for the overall cut of the mining operations. The cost-covering or almost cost-covering excavation of the excavation lines and the elimination of most of the difficulties at the current face edges open up the possibility of operating shorter struts than previously with correspondingly higher mining speeds, since the currently necessary cost allocation for the accompanying routes is completely or largely eliminated. Shortening the face lengths would result in better clarity and thus higher runtime shares as well as advantages for the equipment. In shorter struts, for example, lighter chains can be used or higher operational safety can be achieved with the same chain strengths.

The mines' layouts are influenced in an advantageous manner for the goal of constant total funding. The number of device operations in a mine can be reduced. For three line drives according to the system according to the invention, two high-performance struts can be dispensed with with the same total funding of the mine. This results in a restriction of the total number of operating points (tunneling and striving) and thus a further concentration of operations. This results in very significant advantages for the mine infrastructure.

In the "blasting operation" variant, slitting, drilling and filling as well as Unloading of the pile at three spatially separated points, so that - compared to the current blasting operations - there is a large overlap in time and a considerable increase in performance. By slotting you get by with considerably fewer drill holes, which can always be created fully automatically or process-controlled according to exactly the same hole pattern as "stop drill holes". The smaller number of boreholes and the lower explosive consumption lead to a reduction in the workload and to cost savings.

Claims (12)

1. A method of driving a gate or seam road (7) set into the bottom of a seam, and in which the heading in the coal leads the driving in the bottom of the seam and the dead rock occurring during driving in the bottom of the seam is comminuted and fed into two seam-accompanying dams (22) situated beside the seam road (7), characterised in that the heading in the coal is accomplished by means of a shortwall and in that the seam-accompanying dams (22) are so disposed that two accompanying seams (23) are created outside the seam-accompanying dams (22), and in that before the seam-accompanying dams (22) are set up, a first support (52) is incorporated behind the shortwall and in that the mine air is evacuated through the two accompanying seams or through the gate road (7) to the shortwall and through the gate road (7) or the two accompanying seams (23) from the shortwall.
2. A method according to Claim 1, in which following driving and during subsequent working, the mine air is conducted in the two accompanying seams (23) and in the actual gate road (7).
3. A method according to Claim 1 or 2, in which there are constructed in the seam-accompanying dams (22, 127) which are formed from the incorporated dead rock niches (27) or cross-connectors (131) which are occluded by suitable materials (39, 40) during driving of the gate road (7) and which, during subsequent extraction are opened to allow passage of the delivery flow.
4. A method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, in which loosening of the rock at the face is assisted by cutting slots (43, 44) made in the region between the face support (3) and the face.
5. An apparatus for driving a gate or seam road (7) set into the bottom of a seam, for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding Claims, with a first driving unit (123) for driving in the coal and which, in the direction of driving, is disposed in front of a second driving unit (9, 10) for driving in the bottom, and having a conveyor (2) extending transversely to the road axis, a comminuting means (17) by means of which it is possible to reduce the dead rock arising on the bottom during heading, and comprising a conveyor means (21) by means of which the comminuted dead rock can be conveyed to seam-accompanying dams (22) disposed by the side of the gate road (7), characterised in that the conveyor (2) of the first driving unit (123) is sufficiently wide or is so disposed that it projects outwardly beyond the second driving unit (9, 10) on both sides of the gate road (7) and carries away from the first driving unit (123) the gathered-up coal laterally alongside the bottom driving site, and in that between the first driving unit (123) and the second driving unit (9, 10) there is a lining fitting means (67, 68, 69, 70) by means of which a first lining (51, 52) can be introduced directly after the first driving unit (123).
6. An apparatus according to Claim 5, in which the mining machine (1, 80-90) of the first driving unit (123) is so constructed that the quantity of coal occurring per unit of time during the process of cutting into the new mine field at the face ends is just as great as the quantity of coal loosened up during the winning run along the face front (4).
7. An apparatus according to Claim 5 or 6, in which the mining machine consists in per se known manner of a roller bearing (56) with, mounted on a pivot arm (57), a roller (58) which, at the faces ends, can be propelled on special guides (5, 6) on curved paths into the accompanying seams (23).
8. An apparatus according to one of Claims 5 to 7, in which the mining machine (80-90) comprises a pivot arm (82) on which the mining tools (89, 90) allow both on-buttock cutting and also lateral coal recovery by means of transverse cutting heads (90).
9. An apparatus according to Claim 8, in which driving motors and reduction gears for driving the mining tools are disposed in the pivot arm (82).
10. An apparatus according to one of Claims 5 to 9 in which the mining machine of the first driving unit (123) has a platform (80) with on-buttock ramps (84) and lateral ramps (85) on which one or a plurality of driven loading aids (86) are disposed.
11. An apparatus according to one of Claims 5 to 10, in which coal recovery is performed by a mining machine which works the coal face simultaneously over its entire length and height.
12. An apparatus according to one of Claims 5 to 11, in which the face support (61) is provided on its coal face side with slide bars (60) which automatically follow coal recovery while on its side which is remote from the coal face there are slide bars (64) which are assisted by hydraulic rams (66).

Images