EP2748684B1 - Oscillating system for clock movements - Google Patents

Oscillating system for clock movements Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2748684B1
EP2748684B1 EP13740039.6A EP13740039A EP2748684B1 EP 2748684 B1 EP2748684 B1 EP 2748684B1 EP 13740039 A EP13740039 A EP 13740039A EP 2748684 B1 EP2748684 B1 EP 2748684B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oscillating system
balance
balance spring
electrically conductive
adhesive
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EP13740039.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2748684A1 (en
Inventor
Frédéric GONZALES
Maria FERNANDEZ CIURLEO
Daniel Mallet
Lucie BROCHER
Jean-Luc Helfer
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ETA Manufacture Horlogere Suisse SA
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ETA Manufacture Horlogere Suisse SA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/32—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. collet, stud, virole or piton

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an oscillating system for a watch movement.
  • the present invention relates in particular to an oscillating system comprising a watch winder from which the electrostatic charges can be eliminated.
  • spirals that constitute with the balance the time base of the mechanical timepieces. These spirals are schematically in the form of a very thin spring wound in concentric turns and a first end is connected to a shell and a second end is connected to a pin.
  • the material used for making the spirals is usually an alloy based on cobalt, nickel and chromium. Ductile, such an alloy must resist corrosion. Recent developments propose to realize the spirals in silicon. Due to their very small dimensions and the friction between the turns, the spirals tend to charge in static electricity, so that the turns stick to each other. The spirals are then unusable as is.
  • the conductivity of the diamond coating is increased to reduce the pulling force of the dust by the coated component when used in the micromechanical system.
  • the document US 3,883,314 discloses a self-lubricating bearing element comprising a metal base material whose pores are filled with a lubricant.
  • This document also discloses a method of manufacturing such a rolling element comprising the step of preparing a mixture, sintering the mixture in a mold, subjecting the resulting product to a heat treatment and imparting to the base material a determined porosity and introduce a lubricant into the pores of the base material.
  • the document US 3,396,450 discloses a method of manufacturing a ferrule for a balance spring consisting of fixing a spiral spring formed of a blade of determined height, filling the space between the first turn and about a quarter of the winding of the spring with a liquid metal that adheres to the plastic material, allow the resin to freeze to form a ferrule, pierce an opening in the shell in plastic and fix it on the axis of the balance by passing the axis through the opening which has been pierced.
  • the document CH 636 992G discloses a method of fixing the outer end of a hairspring on a peg in which the peg is provided with a tongue whose flat surface is perpendicular to a plane tangent to the end of the hairspring at the point of contact, and another surface receives the impact of the laser beam used to weld the end of the spiral on the peak.
  • the document JP 57-191583 discloses a method of bonding and fixing a tube and a middle part by means of an adhesive which cures by irradiation using an ultraviolet beam.
  • the present invention provides an oscillating system for a watch movement comprising a watch winder from which the electrostatic charges can be eliminated.
  • the present invention relates to an oscillating system mounted between decks of a watch movement, this oscillating system comprising a balance wheel, a balance shaft, a ferrule, a stud and a watch spiral fixed via a first turns inside to the axis of the balance beam by means of the ferrule, and fixed via a last outer turn to the peak, at least one of the components of the oscillating system being connected to an electrical mass via an electrically conductive path, the oscillating system being characterized in that the watch hairspring is connected to the electrical mass by the stud on which the watch hairspring is glued by means of an adhesive capable of polymerizing under the effect of an ultraviolet radiation and which is conductive of electricity.
  • the present invention provides an oscillating system for a watch movement comprising a watch winder connected to an electrical mass via an electrically conductive path, which allows the electrostatic charges possibly accumulated on the surface of the hairspring to flow to the electrical ground and be removed.
  • the oscillating system comprises a sprung balance and an escapement.
  • the balance consists of a balance shaft connected to a serge by means of radial arms and pivoted between a first and second bearings.
  • the hairspring is fixed via a first turn inside to the balance shaft for example by means of a ferrule.
  • the hairspring is fixed via a last outer turn at a point of attachment formed by a pin possibly carried by a peg holder.
  • the exhaust comprises a double plate consisting of a large plate which carries a plateau pin and a small plate in which is formed a notch.
  • the escapement also includes an anchor with an anchor axis pivoted between first and second bearings.
  • the anchor consists of a rod that connects a fork to an input arm and an output arm.
  • the fork consists of an entrance horn and an exit horn between which a dart extends.
  • the travel of the fork is limited by an entry limiting pin and an output limiting pin that can be made from one piece with an anchor bridge.
  • the inlet arm and the output arm respectively carry an entry pallet and an exit pallet.
  • the anchor cooperates with an escape wheel comprising an exhaust wheel axle pivoted between a first and a second bearing.
  • the spiral is glued to the stud by means of a photo-polymerizable glue.
  • photopolymerizable glue is meant a polymer adhesive capable of polymerizing under the effect of ultraviolet radiation. This is why photo-polymerizable adhesives are usually referred to as UV glue.
  • Photopolymerizable adhesives have a large number of advantages: they are monocomponent, their polymerization is fast and can, in some cases, be done without solvent, their application is easy, they allow to carry out heat-sensitive collages and do not have pot life or pot life in Anglo-Saxon terminology. Potted life is the period available for using a resin before complete curing from the moment when the two components of the resin have been mixed; and that the chemical reaction takes place.
  • a photo-polymerizable glue consists of a base resin, a photoactivator and, where appropriate, one or more additives.
  • the base resin which may be a monomer or an oligomer has well-defined functional groups which, after UV polymerization, will condition the physical and chemical properties of the resulting polymer.
  • the polymerization reaction may be based either on radical mechanisms to which the acrylic components are subjected, for example, or on cationic mechanisms to which the epoxy components are subjected for example.
  • a radical-type reaction the photo-polymerization phenomenon is interrupted as soon as the exposure to ultraviolet radiation ceases.
  • radical systems of acrylic type are subject to inhibition by oxygen.
  • the photo-polymerization phenomenon continues even after interruption of the UV illumination and is not inhibited by oxygen.
  • These salts which react at short wavelengths can be used alone or in combination with photo-sensitizers, that is to say molecules capable of absorbing light and transferring the excitation to another molecule, for greater efficiency.
  • the photoactivators must have excellent reactivity, a suitable absorption spectrum, a lack of yellowing, good stability, compatibility with the monomers and substrates, minimum odor and non-toxicity.
  • composition of a photo-polymerizable adhesive may be supplemented by one or more additives among which mention may be made of co-initiators, that is to say molecules which do not participate in the absorption of light but which contribute production of reactive particles, antioxidants, UV stabilizers, diluents, reagents or adhesion promoters or surfactants.
  • co-initiators that is to say molecules which do not participate in the absorption of light but which contribute production of reactive particles, antioxidants, UV stabilizers, diluents, reagents or adhesion promoters or surfactants.
  • the glue is polymerized by exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and then the glue after polymerization is sprayed with conductive particles, for example dispersed in a spray.
  • the photo-polymerizable adhesive intended to be used in the context of the present invention is loaded with conductive particles.
  • the conduction in the UV adhesive is carried out by contacting the conductive particles during the removal of the polymer at the time of crosslinking. It is therefore necessary to find the appropriate compromise between a minimum concentration of these charges in order to obtain a good conductivity and a maximum concentration in order to preserve good mechanical properties of the adhesive.
  • the invention because of the conductivity of the UV adhesive, it allows the electrostatic charges accumulated on the surface of the hairspring to flow towards the mass formed by the peak. Moreover, the polymerization of the glue by exposure to UV radiation induces no mechanical stress, nor any need to manipulate the spiral-piton assembly. Simply drop a drop of glue at the point of connection between the hairspring and the bolt, then expose the assembly to UV radiation for the polymerization to occur and the glue hardens.
  • the invention is particularly well suited to bonding a silicon spiral which is known that the turns have a strong tendency to charge electrostatically and to stick to each other.
  • the polymerization time is very short and can simultaneously expose a large number of spiral / piton sets to the radiation of an ultraviolet light source, which allows to significantly increase production rates.
  • An example of a photo-polymerizable conductive adhesive well suited to the requirements of the invention is such a glue loaded with silver particles such as the glue sold under the designation Epotek H20S.
  • Silver is a noble material less expensive than gold for example and its oxide is also conductive.
  • the silver particles are flake-shaped, which allows them, because of their large surface area, to offer a higher number of contact points and thus to allow a better conductivity than particles of spherical shape.
  • the size of the silver particles is generally between 1 and 20 microns.
  • the UV glue is loaded at 45% by weight with silver particles. With such a high charge of silver particles, the glue can not be cured by exposure to UV radiation alone, and a subsequent firing step is required, which can be problematic.
  • Such a conductive adhesive can indeed be polymerized radically or cationically under the effect of exposure to ultraviolet radiation, the subsequent firing step can even be avoided in the case of cationic polymerization. Indeed, because of their high conductivity and their specific ratio (length / diameter) and surface area, the carbon nanotubes percolate and are electron-conducting at much lower concentrations in the UV glue, so that the polymerization of the it is facilitated and does not require additional cooking step.
  • composition is given purely for illustrative and not limiting purposes only and that other compositions of a UV conductive adhesive according to the invention can be envisaged without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
  • the present invention proceeds from the general inventive idea of connecting a hairspring of a clock oscillating system to an electric mass via an electrically conductive path to allow electrostatic charges possibly accumulated on the surface of the hairspring to flow. .
  • it is proposed to make electricity conductive at least the parts of the clock oscillating system that are on the path of leakage of electrostatic charges. According to whether we consider only the pendulum or the whole pendulum / anchor supplemented, if necessary, by the escape wheel, a large number of flow paths electrostatic charges is possible, allowing to adapt to any type of watch construction.
  • FIG. 1A and 1B An exemplary embodiment of the invention is illustrated on the Figures 1A and 1B annexed to this patent application.
  • This oscillating system mounted on a bridge 2 of the turntable of a watch movement, comprises a watch winder 4 formed of a very thin spring wound in concentric turns and which is fixed via a first turn inside 6 to a balance shaft 8 by means of a ferrule 10.
  • the spiral 4 is fixed via a last outer turn 12 at a point d fastener formed by a stud 14 carried by a bolt carrier or a bridge 16.
  • the oscillating system 1 also comprises a rocker 18 whose axis 8 is connected to a serge 20 by means of radial arms 22.
  • the balance shaft 8 is pivoted between a first and a second bearing 24, only one of which is visible in the drawing. and which are hunted in bridge 2 and platinum of the watch movement.
  • the oscillating system 1 comprises (see in particular the figure 2 ) a double-plate 26 consisting of a large plate 28 which carries a plate pin 30 and a small plate 32 in which is formed a notch 34.
  • the oscillating system finally comprises an anchor 36, an axis 38 is pivoted between a first and a second bearing 40, only one of which is visible in the drawing.
  • the anchor 36 consists of a rod 42 which connects a fork 44 to an input arm 46 and an output arm 48.
  • the fork 44 consists of an input horn 50 and a horn of output 52 between which extends a stinger 54.
  • the travel of the fork 44 is limited by an input limiting pin 56 and an output limiting pin 58 which can be made in one piece with an anchor bridge 60.
  • the inlet arm 46 and the output arm 48 respectively carry an inlet pallet 62 and an outlet pallet 64.
  • the anchor 36 cooperates with an escape wheel 66 comprising an exhaust wheel pin 66 pivoted between a first and a second bearing 70 which are in contact with the bridges 2 of the plate. If necessary, the active length of the hairspring 4 is adjusted by means of a racket 72.
  • an electrical connection between these components and the spiral 4 can be achieved by driving, welding, soldering or by means of an electric wire.
  • the elements of the oscillating system 1 such as the anchor 36 or the wheel exhaust 66 which are on the leakage path of the electrostatic charges are made of a material with little or no electricity conductor such as silicon or diamond, it is proposed to dope silicon or diamond by means of phosphorus or boron to make the material more conductive.
  • Another technique that can be envisaged for making the elements of the oscillating system 1 that are not naturally conductive and which are on the leakage path of the electrostatic charges conductive consists of coating these elements with a layer of a conductive material such as aluminum.
  • This layer of conductive material may be deposited for example by atomic layer deposition, a technique better known by its Anglo-Saxon name Atomic Layer Deposition or ALD.
  • ALD Atomic Layer Deposition
  • the various bearings between which are pivoted the balance shaft 8, the axis 38 of the anchor 36 and the axis 68 of the escape wheel 66 include contact elements of the stone type.
  • Another technique for creating the leakage path of the electrostatic charges consists in using for these stones and for the bearings a lubrication oil rendered electrically conductive by being for example loaded with graphite particles.
  • the same conductive lubricating oil can be used for the entry and exit pallets 62 and 64.
  • the entry and exit pallets 62 and 64 as well as the bearing stones are typically made of ruby or synthetic poly-ruby. which can be obtained by sintering.
  • the ruby and the poly-ruby can therefore be made conductive by doping at the time of sintering.
  • the hairspring it can be made of quartz or sapphire which can be made conductive by ion implantation. Another possible solution is to coat these materials (ruby, poly-ruby and quartz) with a conductive layer.
  • the last outer turn 12 of the spiral 4 is glued to the stud 14 by means of a drop 74 of photopolymerizable conductive adhesive. Due to the electrical conductivity of the UV adhesive, the electrostatic particles accumulated on the surface of the coils of the spiral 4 flow towards the mass constituted by the peak 14 and the bridge 16 of the movement stage.
  • the drop 74 of photo-polymerizable conductive adhesive is polymerized by exposure to light radiation produced by a light source According to the nature of the conductive particles and their concentration in the photo-polymerizable adhesive, exposure to ultraviolet light may be sufficient to cause complete polymerization of the adhesive. In the opposite case, an additional step of heating in an oven may be necessary to complete the polymerization of the conductive adhesive.
  • the first turn inside the spiral 4 can also be glued to the ferrule 10 by means of the same UV conductive glue as that used for gluing the spiral 4 to the stud 14.
  • the ferrule 10 in the case where the spiral 4 is made of silicon and the ferrule 10 is made of material with the spiral 4, the ferrule 10 can be bonded to the axis 8 of the balance 18 by means of the same photo-polymerizable conductive glue as that used to glue the spiral 4 to the stud 14.
  • the present invention is not limited to the embodiments which have just been described and that various modifications and simple variants can be envisaged by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
  • the piton, the racket or even the bearings between which are pivoted the axis of the balance, the axis of the racket and the axis of the escape wheel are in contact with bridges / platinum conductors electricity.
  • the invention applies to a coaxial-type escapement in which the escape wheel works for one of the two pulses with a pallet carried by the double-plate without passing through the anchor.
  • the conductive path of the electricity extends from the hairspring to the escape wheel through the ferrule, the balance shaft, the double plate and the pallet.

Description

La présente invention concerne un système oscillant pour mouvement d'horlogerie. La présente invention concerne en particulier un système oscillant comprenant un spiral horloger duquel les charges électrostatiques peuvent être éliminées.The present invention relates to an oscillating system for a watch movement. The present invention relates in particular to an oscillating system comprising a watch winder from which the electrostatic charges can be eliminated.

On connaît dans le domaine de l'horlogerie les spiraux qui constituent avec le balancier la base de temps des pièces d'horlogerie mécaniques. Ces spiraux se présentent schématiquement sous la forme d'un très fin ressort enroulé en spires concentriques et dont une première extrémité est reliée à une virole et dont une seconde extrémité est reliée à un piton.In the field of watchmaking, we know the spirals that constitute with the balance the time base of the mechanical timepieces. These spirals are schematically in the form of a very thin spring wound in concentric turns and a first end is connected to a shell and a second end is connected to a pin.

Le matériau utilisé pour la réalisation des spiraux est habituellement un alliage à base de cobalt, de nickel et de chrome. Ductile, un tel alliage doit résister à la corrosion. Des développements récents proposent de réaliser les spiraux en silicium. Du fait de leurs très faibles dimensions et des frottements entre les spires, les spiraux ont tendance à se charger en électricité statique, de telle sorte que les spires collent les unes aux autres. Les spiraux sont alors inutilisables tels quels.The material used for making the spirals is usually an alloy based on cobalt, nickel and chromium. Ductile, such an alloy must resist corrosion. Recent developments propose to realize the spirals in silicon. Due to their very small dimensions and the friction between the turns, the spirals tend to charge in static electricity, so that the turns stick to each other. The spirals are then unusable as is.

Pour pallier ce problème, des solutions plus ou moins complexes suggérant par exemple d'effectuer sur tout ou partie de la surface des spiraux un faible dépôt d'un matériau, de préférence inoxydable et amagnétique, tel que de l'or, du platine, du rhodium ou du silicium ont été proposées (voir par exemple le document EP 1 837 721 A1 ). De telles techniques nécessitent cependant des étapes de fabrication supplémentaires qui ont notamment pour inconvénient d'être coûteuses. En outre, ces techniques ont tendance à ralentir les cadences de fabrication.To overcome this problem, more or less complex solutions suggesting for example to perform on all or part of the surface of the spirals a small deposit of a material, preferably stainless and non-magnetic, such as gold, platinum, rhodium or silicon have been proposed (see for example the document EP 1 837 721 A1 ). Such techniques, however, require additional manufacturing steps which have the particular disadvantage of being expensive. In addition, these techniques tend to slow down production rates.

Le document WO 2010/142602 A1 divulgue un procédé de revêtement de composants micromécaniques d'un système micromécanique tel qu'un mouvement horloger, ce procédé comprenant les étapes consistant à :

  • se munir d'un composant formant un substrat, et
  • revêtir le substrat du composant avec un revêtement diamanté.
The document WO 2010/142602 A1 discloses a method of coating micromechanical components of a micromechanical system such as a watch movement, said method comprising the steps of:
  • to have a component forming a substrate, and
  • coat the substrate with a diamond coating.

La conductivité du revêtement diamanté est augmentée afin de réduire la force d'attraction de la poussière par le composant revêtu lorsqu'il est utilisé dans le système micromécanique.The conductivity of the diamond coating is increased to reduce the pulling force of the dust by the coated component when used in the micromechanical system.

Le document US 2002/0060954 A1 divulgue un mouvement de montre dans lequel le rotor d'un générateur est entraîné par un ressort via une pluralité de roues et de pignons. Le fonctionnement du générateur est régulé par un circuit électronique de régulation. Les roues et les pignons sont tous reliés à la terre afin d'éviter des décharges d'étincelles qui peuvent être produites par l'accumulation de tensions dues à l'électricité de friction.The document US 2002/0060954 A1 discloses a watch movement in which the rotor of a generator is driven by a spring via a plurality of wheels and pinions. The operation of the generator is regulated by an electronic control circuit. The wheels and sprockets are all grounded to prevent spark discharges that can be produced by the build-up of frictional electrical voltages.

Le document US 3,883,314 divulgue un élément de roulement autolubrifiant comprenant un matériau de base métallique dont les pores sont remplis avec un lubrifiant. Ce document divulgue aussi un procédé de fabrication d'un tel élément de roulement comprenant l'étape consistant à préparer un mélange, fritter le mélange dans un moule, soumettre le produit résultant à un traitement thermique et impartir au matériau de base une porosité déterminée et introduire un lubrifiant dans les pores du matériau de base.The document US 3,883,314 discloses a self-lubricating bearing element comprising a metal base material whose pores are filled with a lubricant. This document also discloses a method of manufacturing such a rolling element comprising the step of preparing a mixture, sintering the mixture in a mold, subjecting the resulting product to a heat treatment and imparting to the base material a determined porosity and introduce a lubricant into the pores of the base material.

Le document US 3,396,450 divulgue un procédé de fabrication d'une virole pour un spiral de balancier consistant à fixer un ressort-spiral formé d'une lame de hauteur déterminée, remplir l'espace compris entre la première spire et environ le quart de l'enroulement du ressort avec un métal liquide qui adhère au matériau plastique, permettre à la résine de se figer de façon à former une virole, percer une ouverture dans la virole en plastique et fixer celle-ci sur l'axe du balancier en passant l'axe à travers l'ouverture qui a été percée.The document US 3,396,450 discloses a method of manufacturing a ferrule for a balance spring consisting of fixing a spiral spring formed of a blade of determined height, filling the space between the first turn and about a quarter of the winding of the spring with a liquid metal that adheres to the plastic material, allow the resin to freeze to form a ferrule, pierce an opening in the shell in plastic and fix it on the axis of the balance by passing the axis through the opening which has been pierced.

Le document CH 636 992 G divulgue un procédé de fixation de l'extrémité extérieure d'un spiral sur un piton dans lequel le piton est muni d'une languette dont une surface plane est perpendiculaire à un plan tangent à l'extrémité du spiral au point de contact, et dont une autre surface reçoit l'impact du faisceau laser utilisé pour souder l'extrémité du spiral sur le piton.The document CH 636 992G discloses a method of fixing the outer end of a hairspring on a peg in which the peg is provided with a tongue whose flat surface is perpendicular to a plane tangent to the end of the hairspring at the point of contact, and another surface receives the impact of the laser beam used to weld the end of the spiral on the peak.

Le document JP 57-191583 divulgue un procédé de collage et de fixation d'un tube et d'une carrure au moyen d'un adhésif qui durcit par irradiation au moyen d'un faisceau ultraviolet.The document JP 57-191583 discloses a method of bonding and fixing a tube and a middle part by means of an adhesive which cures by irradiation using an ultraviolet beam.

Pour remédier à ces inconvénients, la présente invention propose un système oscillant pour mouvement d'horlogerie comprenant un spiral horloger duquel les charges électrostatiques peuvent être éliminées.To overcome these drawbacks, the present invention provides an oscillating system for a watch movement comprising a watch winder from which the electrostatic charges can be eliminated.

A cet effet, la présente invention concerne un système oscillant monté entre des ponts d'une platine d'un mouvement horloger, ce système oscillant comprenant un balancier, un axe de balancier, une virole, un piton et un spiral horloger fixé via une première spire à l'intérieur à l'axe du balancier au moyen de la virole, et fixé via une dernière spire extérieure au piton, un au moins des composants du système oscillant étant relié à une masse électrique via un chemin conducteur de l'électricité, le système oscillant étant caractérisé en ce que le spiral horloger est relié à la masse électrique par le piton sur lequel le spiral horloger est collé au moyen d'une colle capable de polymériser sous l'effet d'une radiation ultraviolette et qui est conductrice de l'électricité.For this purpose, the present invention relates to an oscillating system mounted between decks of a watch movement, this oscillating system comprising a balance wheel, a balance shaft, a ferrule, a stud and a watch spiral fixed via a first turns inside to the axis of the balance beam by means of the ferrule, and fixed via a last outer turn to the peak, at least one of the components of the oscillating system being connected to an electrical mass via an electrically conductive path, the oscillating system being characterized in that the watch hairspring is connected to the electrical mass by the stud on which the watch hairspring is glued by means of an adhesive capable of polymerizing under the effect of an ultraviolet radiation and which is conductive of electricity.

Grâce à ces caractéristiques, la présente invention procure un système oscillant pour mouvement d'horlogerie comprenant un spiral horloger relié à une masse électrique via un chemin conducteur de l'électricité, ce qui permet aux charges électrostatiques éventuellement accumulées en surface du spiral de s'écouler vers la masse électrique et d'être éliminées.Thanks to these features, the present invention provides an oscillating system for a watch movement comprising a watch winder connected to an electrical mass via an electrically conductive path, which allows the electrostatic charges possibly accumulated on the surface of the hairspring to flow to the electrical ground and be removed.

Le système oscillant comprend un couple balancier-spiral et un échappement. Le balancier se compose d'un axe de balancier relié à une serge au moyen de bras radiaux et pivoté entre un premier et un second paliers. Le spiral est fixé via une première spire à l'intérieur à l'axe de balancier par exemple au moyen d'une virole. Le spiral est fixé via une dernière spire extérieure en un point d'attache formé par un piton éventuellement porté par un porte-piton. L'échappement comprend un double plateau constitué d'un grand plateau qui porte une cheville de plateau et d'un petit plateau dans lequel est ménagée une encoche. L'échappement comprend également une ancre dont un axe d'ancre est pivoté entre un premier et un second paliers. L'ancre se compose d'une baguette qui relie une fourchette à un bras d'entrée et un bras de sortie. La fourchette est constituée d'une corne d'entrée et d'une corne de sortie entre lesquelles s'étend un dard. Le débattement de la fourchette est limité par une goupille de limitation d'entrée et une goupille de limitation de sortie qui peuvent être faites d'une pièce avec un pont d'ancre. Le bras d'entrée et le bras de sortie portent respectivement une palette d'entrée et une palette de sortie. Enfin, l'ancre coopère avec une roue d'échappement comprenant un axe de roue d'échappement pivoté entre un premier et un second paliers.The oscillating system comprises a sprung balance and an escapement. The balance consists of a balance shaft connected to a serge by means of radial arms and pivoted between a first and second bearings. The hairspring is fixed via a first turn inside to the balance shaft for example by means of a ferrule. The hairspring is fixed via a last outer turn at a point of attachment formed by a pin possibly carried by a peg holder. The exhaust comprises a double plate consisting of a large plate which carries a plateau pin and a small plate in which is formed a notch. The escapement also includes an anchor with an anchor axis pivoted between first and second bearings. The anchor consists of a rod that connects a fork to an input arm and an output arm. The fork consists of an entrance horn and an exit horn between which a dart extends. The travel of the fork is limited by an entry limiting pin and an output limiting pin that can be made from one piece with an anchor bridge. The inlet arm and the output arm respectively carry an entry pallet and an exit pallet. Finally, the anchor cooperates with an escape wheel comprising an exhaust wheel axle pivoted between a first and a second bearing.

Avec un système oscillant tel que décrit ci-dessus, différents chemins de fuite des charges électrostatiques accumulées dans le spiral sont possibles. On comprendra que le ou les composants du système oscillant présents sur le chemin de fuite des charges électrostatiques doivent être conducteurs de l'électricité.With an oscillating system as described above, various paths of leakage of the electrostatic charges accumulated in the spiral are possible. It will be understood that the oscillating system component (s) present on the leakage path of the electrostatic charges must be electrically conductive.

On peut citer, de manière non limitative :

  • la virole, l'axe de balancier et au moins l'un des premier et second paliers entre lesquels est pivoté l'axe de balancier ;
  • la virole, l'axe de balancier, la cheville de plateau, l'ancre, au moins l'une des goupilles de limitation d'entrée ou de sortie de l'ancre et le pont d'ancre ;
  • la virole, l'axe de balancier, la cheville de plateau, l'ancre, l'axe de l'ancre et au moins l'un des premier et second paliers entre lesquels est pivoté l'axe de l'ancre ;
  • la virole, l'axe de balancier, la cheville de plateau, l'ancre, au moins l'une des palettes d'entrée et de sortie, la roue d'échappement ;
  • la virole, l'axe de balancier, l'axe de la roue d'échappement et au moins l'un des premier et second paliers entre lesquels est pivotée la roue d'échappement.
We can mention, without limitation:
  • the ferrule, the balance shaft and at least one of the first and second bearings between which is pivoted the balance shaft;
  • the shell, the balance shaft, the plate anchor, the anchor, at least one of the anchor entry or exit limiting pins and the anchor bridge;
  • the ferrule, the balance shaft, the plate anchor, the anchor, the anchor axis and at least one of the first and second bearings between which the axis of the anchor is pivoted;
  • the ferrule, the balance shaft, the plate anchor, the anchor, at least one of the entry and exit pallets, the escape wheel;
  • the shell, the axis of balance, the axis of the escape wheel and at least one of the first and second bearings between which is rotated the escape wheel.

Selon l'invention, le spiral est collé sur le piton au moyen d'une colle photo-polymérisable.According to the invention, the spiral is glued to the stud by means of a photo-polymerizable glue.

On entend par colle photo-polymérisable une colle polymérique capable de polymériser sous l'effet d'une radiation ultraviolette. C'est pourquoi les colles photo-polymérisables sont habituellement désignées par l'expression colle UV. Les colles photo-polymérisables présentent un grand nombre d'avantages: elles sont monocomposants, leur polymérisation est rapide et peut, dans certains cas, se faire sans solvant, leur application est aisée, elles permettent d'effectuer des collages sensibles à la chaleur et n'ont pas de vie en pot ou pot life en terminologie anglo-saxonne. On entend par vie en pot la période dont on dispose pour utiliser une résine avant durcissement complet à partir du moment où l'on a mélangé les deux composants de la résine; et que la réaction chimique s'opère.By photopolymerizable glue is meant a polymer adhesive capable of polymerizing under the effect of ultraviolet radiation. This is why photo-polymerizable adhesives are usually referred to as UV glue. Photopolymerizable adhesives have a large number of advantages: they are monocomponent, their polymerization is fast and can, in some cases, be done without solvent, their application is easy, they allow to carry out heat-sensitive collages and do not have pot life or pot life in Anglo-Saxon terminology. Potted life is the period available for using a resin before complete curing from the moment when the two components of the resin have been mixed; and that the chemical reaction takes place.

Très schématiquement, une colle photo-polymérisable se compose d'une résine de base, d'un photo-activateur et, le cas échéant, d'un ou de plusieurs additifs.Very schematically, a photo-polymerizable glue consists of a base resin, a photoactivator and, where appropriate, one or more additives.

La résine de base qui peut être un monomère ou un oligomère présente des groupements fonctionnels bien déterminés qui, après polymérisation aux UV, conditionneront les propriétés physiques et chimiques du polymère résultant. La réaction de polymérisation peut reposer soit sur des mécanismes radicalaires auxquels sont soumis par exemple les composants acryliques, soit sur des mécanismes cationiques auxquels sont soumis par exemple les composants époxydes. Dans le cas d'une réaction de type radicalaire, le phénomène de photo-polymérisation s'interrompt aussitôt que cesse l'exposition au rayonnement ultraviolet. En outre, les systèmes radicalaires de type acrylique sont sujets à l'inhibition par l'oxygène. Au contraire, dans le cas d'une réaction de type cationique, le phénomène de photo-polymérisation se poursuit même après interruption de l'éclairage UV et n'est pas inhibé par l'oxygène. De plus, il est possible de compléter la polymérisation par UV par une dernière étape de polymérisation thermique.The base resin which may be a monomer or an oligomer has well-defined functional groups which, after UV polymerization, will condition the physical and chemical properties of the resulting polymer. The polymerization reaction may be based either on radical mechanisms to which the acrylic components are subjected, for example, or on cationic mechanisms to which the epoxy components are subjected for example. In the case of a radical-type reaction, the photo-polymerization phenomenon is interrupted as soon as the exposure to ultraviolet radiation ceases. In addition, radical systems of acrylic type are subject to inhibition by oxygen. On the contrary, in the case of a cationic type reaction, the photo-polymerization phenomenon continues even after interruption of the UV illumination and is not inhibited by oxygen. In addition, it is possible to complete the UV polymerization by a last thermal polymerization step.

Dans le cas de la présente invention, on s'intéresse aussi bien aux réactions de polymérisation de type radicalaire que de type cationique. A cet effet, la résine de base peut être choisie parmi:

  • les composés époxydes qui regroupent les époxydes cycloaliphatiques et les époxydes glycidyliques, les éthers vinyliques et les composés vinyliques riches en électrons;
  • les alcools en combinaison avec des composés époxydes, et
  • les composés acryliques.
In the case of the present invention, one is interested as well in radical type polymerization reactions as cationic type. For this purpose, the base resin may be chosen from:
  • epoxide compounds which include cycloaliphatic epoxides and glycidyl epoxides, vinyl ethers and electron-rich vinyl compounds;
  • alcohols in combination with epoxy compounds, and
  • acrylic compounds.

On notera que les alcools et les polyols réagissent conjointement avec les époxydes et les acryliques en tant qu'agents de transfert de chaîne, en améliorant généralement la vitesse de polymérisation des formulations. On notera également que les résines époxydes cycloaliphatiques donnent lieu à une réaction de polymérisation cationique plus rapide que les résines époxydes glycidyliques car elles présentent une plus grande flexibilité de chaîne que ces dernières.It will be appreciated that alcohols and polyols react together with epoxides and acrylics as chain transfer agents, generally improving the rate of polymerization of the formulations. It should also be noted that cycloaliphatic epoxy resins give rise to a faster cationic polymerization reaction than glycidyl epoxy resins because they have greater chain flexibility than the latter.

En plus d'une résine de base, la composition d'une colle UV est complétée par un photo-activateur. Un photo-activateur est une molécule qui absorbe la lumière et qui forme une espèce chimique réactive. Ces composés photo-amorceurs génèrent généralement un hyper-acide qui permet la réticulation des systèmes cationiques. Ces systèmes sont donc inhibés en milieu basique ou humide. Par contre, ils ne sont pas inhibés par la présence d'oxygène. Les photo-activateurs cationiques classiques sont notamment:

  • les sels de diaryliodonium;
  • les sels de triarylsulfonium;
  • les sels de dialkylphenacylsulfonium.
In addition to a base resin, the composition of a UV glue is completed by a photoactivator. A photoactivator is a molecule that absorbs light and forms a reactive chemical species. These photoinitiator compounds generally generate a hyperacid which allows the crosslinking of cationic systems. These systems are therefore inhibited in basic or wet medium. On the other hand, they are not inhibited by the presence of oxygen. Conventional cationic photoactivators include:
  • diaryliodonium salts;
  • triarylsulfonium salts;
  • dialkylphenacylsulfonium salts.

Ces sels qui réagissent aux courtes longueurs d'onde (200-300 nm) peuvent être utilisés seuls ou en combinaison avec des photo-sensibilisateurs, c'est-à-dire des molécules capables d'absorber la lumière et de transférer l'excitation à une autre molécule, pour une plus grande efficacité.These salts which react at short wavelengths (200-300 nm) can be used alone or in combination with photo-sensitizers, that is to say molecules capable of absorbing light and transferring the excitation to another molecule, for greater efficiency.

Les photo-activateurs doivent présenter une excellente réactivité, un spectre d'absorption adapté, une absence de jaunissement, une bonne stabilité, une compatibilité avec les monomères et les substrats, un minimum d'odeur et une non-toxicité.The photoactivators must have excellent reactivity, a suitable absorption spectrum, a lack of yellowing, good stability, compatibility with the monomers and substrates, minimum odor and non-toxicity.

La composition d'une colle photo-polymérisable peut être complétée par un ou plusieurs additifs parmi lesquels on peut citer les co-initiateurs, c'est-à-dire des molécules qui ne participent pas à l'absorption de la lumière mais qui contribuent à la production des particules réactives, les antioxydants, les stabilisants pour UV, les diluants, réactifs ou encore les promoteurs d'adhésion ou les surfactants.The composition of a photo-polymerizable adhesive may be supplemented by one or more additives among which mention may be made of co-initiators, that is to say molecules which do not participate in the absorption of light but which contribute production of reactive particles, antioxidants, UV stabilizers, diluents, reagents or adhesion promoters or surfactants.

Selon une première variante de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, la colle est polymérisée par exposition à un rayonnement ultraviolet, puis l'on pulvérise sur la colle après polymérisation des particules conductrices par exemple dispersées dans un spray.According to a first variant embodiment of the invention, the glue is polymerized by exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and then the glue after polymerization is sprayed with conductive particles, for example dispersed in a spray.

Selon une seconde variante de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, la colle photo-polymérisable destinée à être utilisée dans le cadre de la présente invention est chargée avec des particules conductrices. En effet, la conduction dans la colle UV s'effectue par la mise en contact des particules conductrices lors du retrait du polymère au moment de la réticulation. Il faut donc trouver le compromis adéquat entre une concentration minimale de ces charges afin d'obtenir une bonne conductivité et une concentration maximale pour conserver de bonnes propriétés mécaniques de la colle.According to a second variant embodiment of the invention, the photo-polymerizable adhesive intended to be used in the context of the present invention is loaded with conductive particles. Indeed, the conduction in the UV adhesive is carried out by contacting the conductive particles during the removal of the polymer at the time of crosslinking. It is therefore necessary to find the appropriate compromise between a minimum concentration of these charges in order to obtain a good conductivity and a maximum concentration in order to preserve good mechanical properties of the adhesive.

Selon un avantage de l'invention, du fait de la conductivité de la colle UV, celle-ci permet aux charges électrostatiques accumulées en surface du spiral de s'écouler vers la masse constituée par le piton. Par ailleurs, la polymérisation de la colle par exposition à un rayonnement UV n'induit aucune contrainte mécanique, ni aucune nécessité de manipuler l'ensemble spiral-piton. Il suffit de déposer une goutte de colle au point de jonction entre le spiral et le piton, puis d'exposer l'ensemble au rayonnement UV pour que la polymérisation se produise et que la colle durcisse. L'invention est tout particulièrement bien adaptée au collage d'un spiral en silicium dont il est connu que les spires ont une forte tendance à se charger de manière électrostatique et à coller les unes aux autres. En outre, le temps de polymérisation est très court et l'on peut exposer simultanément un grand nombre d'ensembles spiral/piton au rayonnement d'une source de lumière ultraviolette, ce qui permet d'augmenter considérablement les cadences de fabrication.According to one advantage of the invention, because of the conductivity of the UV adhesive, it allows the electrostatic charges accumulated on the surface of the hairspring to flow towards the mass formed by the peak. Moreover, the polymerization of the glue by exposure to UV radiation induces no mechanical stress, nor any need to manipulate the spiral-piton assembly. Simply drop a drop of glue at the point of connection between the hairspring and the bolt, then expose the assembly to UV radiation for the polymerization to occur and the glue hardens. The invention is particularly well suited to bonding a silicon spiral which is known that the turns have a strong tendency to charge electrostatically and to stick to each other. In addition, the polymerization time is very short and can simultaneously expose a large number of spiral / piton sets to the radiation of an ultraviolet light source, which allows to significantly increase production rates.

Un exemple d'une colle conductrice photo-polymérisable bien adaptée aux besoins de l'invention est une telle colle chargée avec des particules d'argent telle que la colle commercialisée sous la désignation Epotek H20S. L'argent est un matériau noble moins coûteux que l'or par exemple et son oxyde est également conducteur. Les particules d'argent sont en forme de flocons, ce qui leur permet, en raison de leur grande surface, d'offrir un nombre plus élevé de points de contact et donc de permettre une meilleure conductivité que des particules de forme sphérique. La taille des particules d'argent est généralement comprise entre 1 et 20 micromètres. Cependant, la colle UV est chargée à 45% en poids avec des particules d'argent. Avec une charge aussi élevée de particules d'argent, la colle ne peut être polymérisée par seule exposition aux rayonnements UV, et une étape ultérieure de cuisson est indispensable, ce qui peut être problématique.An example of a photo-polymerizable conductive adhesive well suited to the requirements of the invention is such a glue loaded with silver particles such as the glue sold under the designation Epotek H20S. Silver is a noble material less expensive than gold for example and its oxide is also conductive. The silver particles are flake-shaped, which allows them, because of their large surface area, to offer a higher number of contact points and thus to allow a better conductivity than particles of spherical shape. The size of the silver particles is generally between 1 and 20 microns. However, the UV glue is loaded at 45% by weight with silver particles. With such a high charge of silver particles, the glue can not be cured by exposure to UV radiation alone, and a subsequent firing step is required, which can be problematic.

Pour remédier à cet inconvénient et selon une autre variante de l'invention, il est proposé de coller l'ensemble formé par un spiral et un piton au moyen d'une colle polymérique capable de polymériser de manière radicalaire ou cationique sous l'effet d'une radiation ultraviolette et chargée avec des nanotubes de carbone.To remedy this drawback and according to another variant of the invention, it is proposed to stick the assembly formed by a spiral and a bolt by means of a polymeric adhesive capable of radical or cationic polymerization under the effect of ultraviolet radiation and loaded with carbon nanotubes.

Une telle colle conductrice peut en effet être polymérisée de manière radicalaire ou cationique sous l'effet d'une exposition à un rayonnement ultraviolet, l'étape de cuisson postérieure pouvant même être évitée dans le cas de la polymérisation cationique. Effectivement, en raison de leur conductivité élevée et de leur rapport (longueur/diamètre) et surface spécifiques, les nanotubes de carbone percolent et sont conducteurs d'électrons à des concentrations beaucoup plus faibles dans la colle UV, de sorte que la polymérisation de celle-ci est facilitée et ne nécessite pas d'étape de cuisson additionnelle.Such a conductive adhesive can indeed be polymerized radically or cationically under the effect of exposure to ultraviolet radiation, the subsequent firing step can even be avoided in the case of cationic polymerization. Indeed, because of their high conductivity and their specific ratio (length / diameter) and surface area, the carbon nanotubes percolate and are electron-conducting at much lower concentrations in the UV glue, so that the polymerization of the it is facilitated and does not require additional cooking step.

Un exemple d'une telle colle UV est donné par la composition suivante:

  • jusqu'à 90% en poids d'un composé époxyde cycloaliphatique en tant que résine de base;
  • entre 0 et 10% en poids d'un sel de sulfonium en tant que photoactivateur cationique;
  • entre 0 et 10% en poids d'un composé époxyde aliphatique en tant que diluant réactif;
  • des nanotubes de carbone.
An example of such a UV glue is given by the following composition:
  • up to 90% by weight of a cycloaliphatic epoxide compound as the base resin;
  • between 0 and 10% by weight of a sulfonium salt as a cationic photoactivator;
  • between 0 and 10% by weight of an aliphatic epoxide compound as a reactive diluent;
  • carbon nanotubes.

Il va de soi que cet exemple de composition est donné à titre purement illustratif et non limitatif seulement et que d'autres compositions d'une colle conductrice UV selon l'invention peuvent être envisagées sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention tel que défini par les revendications annexées.It goes without saying that this example of composition is given purely for illustrative and not limiting purposes only and that other compositions of a UV conductive adhesive according to the invention can be envisaged without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention ressortiront mieux de la description détaillée qui suit d'un exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, cet exemple étant donné à titre purement illustratif et non limitatif seulement en liaison avec le dessin annexé sur lequel:

  • la figure 1A est une vue générale en perspective d'un système oscillant pour mouvement d'horlogerie auquel s'applique la présente invention ;
  • la figure 1B est une vue analogue à celle de la figure 1A, le balancier ayant été omis ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue de détail du système oscillant de la figure 1 sur laquelle sont visibles les goupilles d'entrée et de sortie qui limitent le débattement de la fourchette et qui viennent de matière avec le pont d'ancre ainsi que le grand plateau du double-plateau qui porte la cheville de plateau et la fourchette dont le dard a été omis ;
  • la figure 3 illustre schématiquement un spiral dont une extrémité extérieure est collée sur un piton au moyen d'une colle conductrice photo-polymérisable ;
  • la figure 4 illustre schématiquement un spiral en silicium avec une virole qui vient de matière avec le spiral et qui est collée sur son axe au moyen de la colle conductrice polymérisable aux UV, et
  • les figures 5A et 5B illustrent schématiquement le collage d'un spiral horloger sur un piton au moyen d'une goutte de colle photo-polymérisable non conductrice sur laquelle on pulvérise des particules conductrices de l'électricité après polymérisation.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of an exemplary implementation. embodiment of the invention, this example being given for purely illustrative and nonlimiting purposes only in connection with the appended drawing in which:
  • the Figure 1A is a general perspective view of an oscillating system for a watch movement to which the present invention applies;
  • the Figure 1B is a view similar to that of the Figure 1A the pendulum having been omitted;
  • the figure 2 is a detailed view of the oscillating system of the figure 1 on which are visible the pins of entry and exit which limit the deflection of the fork and which come from material with the anchor bridge as well as the large plateau of the double-plate which carries the peg of the plate and the fork whose dard has been omitted;
  • the figure 3 schematically illustrates a hairspring whose outer end is glued to a peg by means of a photo-polymerizable conductive glue;
  • the figure 4 schematically illustrates a spiral made of silicon with a ferrule which comes from material with the spiral and which is glued on its axis by means of the conductive glue polymerizable with UV, and
  • the Figures 5A and 5B schematically illustrate the gluing of a watch hairspring on a peak by means of a drop of non-conductive photopolymerizable adhesive on which electrically conductive particles are sprayed after polymerization.

La présente invention procède de l'idée générale inventive qui consiste à relier un spiral d'un système oscillant horloger à une masse électrique via un chemin conducteur de l'électricité pour permettre à des charges électrostatiques éventuellement accumulées en surface du spiral de s'écouler. Pour atteindre ce résultat, il est proposé de rendre conductrices de l'électricité au moins les pièces du système oscillant horloger qui se trouvent sur le chemin de fuite des charges électrostatiques. Selon que l'on considère uniquement le balancier ou bien l'ensemble balancier/ancre complété, le cas échéant, par la roue d'échappement, un grand nombre de chemins d'écoulement des charges électrostatiques est envisageable, ce qui permet de s'adapter à tout type de construction horlogère.The present invention proceeds from the general inventive idea of connecting a hairspring of a clock oscillating system to an electric mass via an electrically conductive path to allow electrostatic charges possibly accumulated on the surface of the hairspring to flow. . To achieve this result, it is proposed to make electricity conductive at least the parts of the clock oscillating system that are on the path of leakage of electrostatic charges. According to whether we consider only the pendulum or the whole pendulum / anchor supplemented, if necessary, by the escape wheel, a large number of flow paths electrostatic charges is possible, allowing to adapt to any type of watch construction.

Un exemple de réalisation de l'invention est illustré sur les figures 1A et 1B annexées à la présente demande de brevet. Sur ces figures est représenté un système oscillant pour un mouvement horloger désigné dans son ensemble par la référence numérique générale 1. Ce système oscillant 1, monté sur un pont 2 de la platine d'un mouvement horloger, comprend un spiral horloger 4 formé d'un très fin ressort enroulé en spires concentriques et qui est fixé via une première spire à l'intérieur 6 à un axe de balancier 8 au moyen d'une virole 10. Le spiral 4 est fixé via une dernière spire extérieure 12 en un point d'attache formé par un piton 14 porté par un porte-piton ou un pont 16.An exemplary embodiment of the invention is illustrated on the Figures 1A and 1B annexed to this patent application. In these figures is represented an oscillating system for a watch movement generally designated by the general numerical reference 1. This oscillating system 1, mounted on a bridge 2 of the turntable of a watch movement, comprises a watch winder 4 formed of a very thin spring wound in concentric turns and which is fixed via a first turn inside 6 to a balance shaft 8 by means of a ferrule 10. The spiral 4 is fixed via a last outer turn 12 at a point d fastener formed by a stud 14 carried by a bolt carrier or a bridge 16.

Le système oscillant 1 comprend aussi un balancier 18 dont l'axe 8 est relié à une serge 20 au moyen de bras radiaux 22. L'axe de balancier 8 est pivoté entre un premier et un second paliers 24 dont un seul est visible au dessin et qui sont chassés dans le pont 2 et la platine du mouvement horloger.The oscillating system 1 also comprises a rocker 18 whose axis 8 is connected to a serge 20 by means of radial arms 22. The balance shaft 8 is pivoted between a first and a second bearing 24, only one of which is visible in the drawing. and which are hunted in bridge 2 and platinum of the watch movement.

Par ailleurs, le système oscillant 1 comprend (voir en particulier la figure 2) un double-plateau 26 constitué d'un grand plateau 28 qui porte une cheville de plateau 30 et d'un petit plateau 32 dans lequel est ménagée une encoche 34.Moreover, the oscillating system 1 comprises (see in particular the figure 2 ) a double-plate 26 consisting of a large plate 28 which carries a plate pin 30 and a small plate 32 in which is formed a notch 34.

Le système oscillant comprend enfin une ancre 36 dont un axe 38 est pivoté entre un premier et un second paliers 40 dont un seul est visible au dessin. L'ancre 36 se compose d'une baguette 42 qui relie une fourchette 44 à un bras d'entrée 46 et à un bras de sortie 48. La fourchette 44 est constituée d'une corne d'entrée 50 et d'une corne de sortie 52 entre lesquelles s'étend un dard 54. Le débattement de la fourchette 44 est limité par une goupille de limitation d'entrée 56 et une goupille de limitation de sortie 58 qui peuvent être faites d'une pièce avec un pont d'ancre 60. Le bras d'entrée 46 et le bras de sortie 48 portent respectivement une palette d'entrée 62 et une palette de sortie 64.The oscillating system finally comprises an anchor 36, an axis 38 is pivoted between a first and a second bearing 40, only one of which is visible in the drawing. The anchor 36 consists of a rod 42 which connects a fork 44 to an input arm 46 and an output arm 48. The fork 44 consists of an input horn 50 and a horn of output 52 between which extends a stinger 54. The travel of the fork 44 is limited by an input limiting pin 56 and an output limiting pin 58 which can be made in one piece with an anchor bridge 60. The inlet arm 46 and the output arm 48 respectively carry an inlet pallet 62 and an outlet pallet 64.

Finalement, l'ancre 36 coopère avec une roue d'échappement 66 comprenant un axe 68 de roue d'échappement 66 pivoté entre un premier et un second paliers 70 qui sont en contact avec des ponts 2 de la platine. Si nécessaire, la longueur active du spiral 4 est ajustée grâce à une raquette 72.Finally, the anchor 36 cooperates with an escape wheel 66 comprising an exhaust wheel pin 66 pivoted between a first and a second bearing 70 which are in contact with the bridges 2 of the plate. If necessary, the active length of the hairspring 4 is adjusted by means of a racket 72.

Avec un système oscillant 1 tel que décrit ci-dessus, différents chemins de fuite des charges électrostatiques accumulées dans le spiral 4 sont possibles. On comprendra que le ou les composants du système oscillant 1 présents sur le chemin de fuite des charges électrostatiques doivent être conducteurs de l'électricité.With an oscillating system 1 as described above, various paths of leakage of the electrostatic charges accumulated in the spiral 4 are possible. It will be understood that the oscillating system component (s) 1 present on the leakage path of the electrostatic charges must be electrically conductive.

On peut citer, de manière non limitative :

  • le piton 14 et le porte-piton ou pont 16 ;
  • la virole 10, l'axe de balancier 8 et au moins l'un des premier et second paliers 24 entre lesquels l'axe de balancier 8 est pivoté ;
  • la virole 10, l'axe de balancier 8, la cheville de plateau 30, l'ancre 36, au moins l'une des goupilles de limitation d'entrée 56 ou de sortie 58 de l'ancre 36 et le pont d'ancre 60 ;
  • la virole 10, l'axe de balancier 8, la cheville de plateau 30, l'ancre 36, l'axe 38 de l'ancre 36 et au moins l'un des premier et second paliers 40 entre lesquels est pivoté l'axe 38 de l'ancre 36 ;
  • la virole 10, l'axe de balancier 8, la cheville de plateau 30, l'ancre 36, au moins l'une des palettes d'entrée 62 et de sortie 64, la roue d'échappement 66 ;
  • la virole 10, l'axe de balancier 8, la cheville de plateau 30, l'ancre 36, au moins l'une des palettes d'entrée 62 et de sortie 64, la roue d'échappement 66, l'axe 68 de la roue d'échappement 66 et au moins l'un des premier et second paliers 70 entre lesquels est pivotée la roue d'échappement 66 ;
  • la raquette 72.
We can mention, without limitation:
  • the peak 14 and the bolt carrier or bridge 16;
  • the ferrule 10, the balance shaft 8 and at least one of the first and second bearings 24 between which the balance shaft 8 is pivoted;
  • the ferrule 10, the balance pin 8, the plate pin 30, the anchor 36, at least one of the entry 56 or exit 58 locking pins of the anchor 36 and the anchor bridge 60;
  • the ferrule 10, the balance shaft 8, the plate pin 30, the anchor 36, the axis 38 of the anchor 36 and at least one of the first and second bearings 40 between which is rotated the axis 38 of the anchor 36;
  • the shell 10, the balance shaft 8, the plate pin 30, the anchor 36, at least one of the entry 62 and exit 64 pallets, the escape wheel 66;
  • the ferrule 10, the balance shaft 8, the plateau pin 30, the anchor 36, at least one of the entry and exit pallets 62, the escape wheel 66, the axis 68 of the escape wheel 66 and at least one of the first and second bearings 70 between which is pivoted the escape wheel 66;
  • the racket 72.

Différentes techniques permettant de rendre conducteurs les composants du système oscillant 1 présents sur le chemin de fuite des charges électrostatiques peuvent être envisagées.Various techniques making it possible to turn the components of the oscillating system 1 present on the leakage path of the electrostatic charges can be envisaged.

Dans le cas où le piton 14 et/ou le pont 16 sont métalliques, une connexion électrique entre ces composants et le spiral 4 peut être réalisée par chassage, soudage, brasage ou au moyen d'un fil électrique. Si les éléments du système oscillant 1 tels que l'ancre 36 ou la roue d'échappement 66 qui se trouvent sur le chemin de fuite des charges électrostatiques sont réalisés en un matériau non ou peu conducteur de l'électricité tel que le silicium ou le diamant, il est proposé de doper le silicium ou le diamant au moyen de phosphore ou de bore pour rendre le matériau davantage conducteur. Une autre technique envisageable pour rendre conducteurs les éléments du système oscillant 1 qui ne sont pas naturellement conducteurs et qui se trouvent sur le chemin de fuite des charges électrostatiques consiste à revêtir ces éléments d'une couche d'un matériau conducteur tel que l'aluminium, l'or, le tantale ou bien le titane. Cette couche de matériau conducteur peut être déposée par exemple par dépôt de couche atomique, technique mieux connue sous sa dénomination anglo-saxonne Atomic Layer Deposition ou ALD. Les divers paliers entre lesquels sont pivotés l'axe de balancier 8, l'axe 38 de l'ancre 36 et l'axe 68 de la roue d'échappement 66 comprennent des éléments de contact du type pierre. Une autre technique pour créer le chemin de fuite des charges électrostatiques consiste à utiliser pour ces pierres et pour les paliers une huile de lubrification rendue conductrice de l'électricité en étant par exemple chargée avec des particules de graphite. La même huile de lubrification conductrice peut être utilisée pour les palettes d'entrée et de sortie 62 et 64. Les palettes d'entrée et de sortie 62 et 64 de même que les pierres de paliers sont typiquement réalisées en rubis ou poly-rubis synthétique qui peut être obtenu par frittage. Le rubis et le poly-rubis peuvent donc être rendus conducteurs par dopage au moment du frittage. Quant au spiral, il peut être réalisé en quartz ou en saphir qui peuvent être rendus conducteurs par implantation ionique. Une autre solution envisageable consiste à revêtir ces matériaux (rubis, poly-rubis et quartz) d'une couche conductrice.In the case where the stud 14 and / or the bridge 16 are metallic, an electrical connection between these components and the spiral 4 can be achieved by driving, welding, soldering or by means of an electric wire. If the elements of the oscillating system 1 such as the anchor 36 or the wheel exhaust 66 which are on the leakage path of the electrostatic charges are made of a material with little or no electricity conductor such as silicon or diamond, it is proposed to dope silicon or diamond by means of phosphorus or boron to make the material more conductive. Another technique that can be envisaged for making the elements of the oscillating system 1 that are not naturally conductive and which are on the leakage path of the electrostatic charges conductive consists of coating these elements with a layer of a conductive material such as aluminum. , gold, tantalum or titanium. This layer of conductive material may be deposited for example by atomic layer deposition, a technique better known by its Anglo-Saxon name Atomic Layer Deposition or ALD. The various bearings between which are pivoted the balance shaft 8, the axis 38 of the anchor 36 and the axis 68 of the escape wheel 66 include contact elements of the stone type. Another technique for creating the leakage path of the electrostatic charges consists in using for these stones and for the bearings a lubrication oil rendered electrically conductive by being for example loaded with graphite particles. The same conductive lubricating oil can be used for the entry and exit pallets 62 and 64. The entry and exit pallets 62 and 64 as well as the bearing stones are typically made of ruby or synthetic poly-ruby. which can be obtained by sintering. The ruby and the poly-ruby can therefore be made conductive by doping at the time of sintering. As for the hairspring, it can be made of quartz or sapphire which can be made conductive by ion implantation. Another possible solution is to coat these materials (ruby, poly-ruby and quartz) with a conductive layer.

Conformément à un mode de réalisation de l'invention illustré à la figure 3, la dernière spire extérieure 12 du spiral 4 est collée sur le piton 14 au moyen d'une goutte 74 de colle conductrice photo-polymérisable. Du fait de la conductivité électrique de la colle UV, les particules électrostatiques accumulées en surface des spires du spiral 4 s'écoulent en direction de la masse constituée par le piton 14 et le pont 16 de la platine du mouvement. La goutte 74 de colle conductrice photo-polymérisable est polymérisée par exposition au rayonnement lumineux produit par une source de lumière ultraviolette 76. Suivant la nature des particules conductrices et leur concentration dans la colle photo-polymérisable, l'exposition à la lumière ultraviolette peut être suffisante pour provoquer la polymérisation complète de la colle. Dans le cas contraire, une étape supplémentaire de chauffage dans un four peut être nécessaire pour compléter la polymérisation de la colle conductrice. On notera que la première spire à l'intérieur 6 du spiral 4 peut aussi être collée sur la virole 10 au moyen de la même colle conductrice UV que celle employée pour le collage du spiral 4 sur le piton 14.According to an embodiment of the invention illustrated in figure 3 the last outer turn 12 of the spiral 4 is glued to the stud 14 by means of a drop 74 of photopolymerizable conductive adhesive. Due to the electrical conductivity of the UV adhesive, the electrostatic particles accumulated on the surface of the coils of the spiral 4 flow towards the mass constituted by the peak 14 and the bridge 16 of the movement stage. The drop 74 of photo-polymerizable conductive adhesive is polymerized by exposure to light radiation produced by a light source According to the nature of the conductive particles and their concentration in the photo-polymerizable adhesive, exposure to ultraviolet light may be sufficient to cause complete polymerization of the adhesive. In the opposite case, an additional step of heating in an oven may be necessary to complete the polymerization of the conductive adhesive. It should be noted that the first turn inside the spiral 4 can also be glued to the ferrule 10 by means of the same UV conductive glue as that used for gluing the spiral 4 to the stud 14.

Selon une variante illustrée à la figure 4 annexée à la présente demande de brevet, dans le cas où le spiral 4 est réalisé en silicium et où la virole 10 vient de matière avec le spiral 4, on peut coller la virole 10 sur l'axe 8 du balancier 18 au moyen de la même colle conductrice photo-polymérisable que celle utilisée pour coller le spiral 4 au piton 14.According to a variant illustrated in figure 4 attached to the present patent application, in the case where the spiral 4 is made of silicon and the ferrule 10 is made of material with the spiral 4, the ferrule 10 can be bonded to the axis 8 of the balance 18 by means of the same photo-polymerizable conductive glue as that used to glue the spiral 4 to the stud 14.

Il est également possible de coller le spiral 4 sur son piton 14 au moyen d'une goutte 78 de colle non-conductrice que l'on polymérise sous l'effet d'un rayonnement lumineux produit par une source de lumière ultraviolette 80 (figure 5A), puis de pulvériser sur la goutte 78 de colle une fois polymérisée des particules conductrices de l'électricité par exemple dispersées dans un spray 82 (figure 5B)It is also possible to glue the hairspring 4 to its peg 14 by means of a drop 78 of non-conductive glue which is polymerized under the effect of a light radiation produced by a source of ultraviolet light 80 ( Figure 5A ), then to spray on the drop 78 of glue once polymerized electrically conductive particles for example dispersed in a spray 82 ( Figure 5B )

Il va de soi que la présente invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation qui viennent d'être décrits et que diverses modifications et variantes simples peuvent être envisagées par l'homme du métier sans sortir du cadre de l'invention tel que défini par les revendications annexées. On comprendra en particulier que le piton, la raquette ou bien encore les paliers entre lesquels sont pivotés l'axe du balancier, l'axe de la raquette et l'axe de la roue d'échappement sont en contact avec des ponts/platine conducteurs de l'électricité. De même, l'invention s'applique à un échappement de type coaxial dans lequel la roue d'échappement travaille pour l'une des deux impulsions avec une palette portée par le double-plateau sans passer par l'ancre. Dans ce cas, le chemin conducteur de l'électricité s'étend depuis le spiral jusqu'à la roue d'échappement en passant par la virole, l'axe de balancier, le double-plateau et la palette.It goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments which have just been described and that various modifications and simple variants can be envisaged by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. It will be understood in particular that the piton, the racket or even the bearings between which are pivoted the axis of the balance, the axis of the racket and the axis of the escape wheel are in contact with bridges / platinum conductors electricity. Similarly, the invention applies to a coaxial-type escapement in which the escape wheel works for one of the two pulses with a pallet carried by the double-plate without passing through the anchor. In this case, the conductive path of the electricity extends from the hairspring to the escape wheel through the ferrule, the balance shaft, the double plate and the pallet.

Claims (27)

  1. Oscillating system intended to be mounted between bars of a bottom plate of a timepiece movement, said oscillating system (1) comprising a balance (18), a staff (8) of the balance (18), a collet (10), a balance spring stud (14) and a balance spring (4) attached via a first inner coil (6) to the staff (8) of the balance (18) by means of the collet (10), and attached by a last outer coil (12) to the balance spring stud (14), at least one of the components of the oscillating system (1) being arranged to be connected to an earth via an electrically conductive path, the oscillating system being characterized in that the balance spring (4) is arranged to be connected to the earth by the balance spring stud (14) to which the balance spring (4) is adhesive bonded by means of an adhesive capable of polymerization under the effect of ultraviolet radiation and which is electrically conductive.
  2. Oscillating system intended to be mounted between bars of a bottom plate of a timepiece movement, said oscillating system (1) comprising a balance (18), a staff (8) of the balance (18), a collet (10), a balance spring stud (14) and a balance spring (4) attached via a first inner coil (6) to the staff (8) of the balance (18) by means of the collet (10), and attached by a last outer coil (12) to the balance spring stud (14), at least one of the components of the oscillating system (1) being arranged to be connected to an earth via an electrically conductive path, the oscillating system being characterized in that the balance spring (4) is arranged to be connected to the earth by the balance spring stud (14) to which the balance spring (4) is adhesive bonded by means of an adhesive capable of polymerization under the effect of ultraviolet radiation which is non-electrically conductive and which is coated with electrically conductive particles.
  3. Oscillating system according to claim 1, characterized in that the adhesive is loaded with conductive particles.
  4. Oscillating system according to claim 3, characterized in that the adhesive is loaded with silver particles.
  5. Oscillating system according to claim 3, characterized in that the adhesive is loaded with carbon nanotubes.
  6. Oscillating system according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the adhesive is capable of cationic polymerization under the effect of ultraviolet radiation.
  7. Oscillating system according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the adhesive is capable of radical polymerization under the effect of ultraviolet radiation.
  8. Oscillating system according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the balance spring (4) is made of silicon and the collet (10) is made integrally with the balance spring (4), and the collet (10) is adhesive bonded to the staff (8) of the balance (18) by means of the same photopolymerizable adhesive as that used to bond the balance spring (4) to the stud (14).
  9. Oscillating system according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least the component or components of the oscillating system through which the electrically conductive path passes are electrically conductive.
  10. Oscillating system according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the stud (14) is arranged to be in contact with a bar (16) of the bottom plate.
  11. Oscillating system according to any of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the balance spring (4) is also arranged to be connected to the earth by an index (72) which is in contact with a bar of the bottom plate.
  12. Oscillating system according to any of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the balance spring (4) is also arranged to be connected to the earth by at least the staff (8) of the balance (18).
  13. Oscillating system according to claim 12, characterized in that the balance spring (4) is arranged to be connected to the earth by the collet (10), then by the staff (8) of the balance (18) and finally by at least one of a first and second bearings (24) between which the staff (8) of the balance (18) is pivoted and which are in contact with a bar (2) of the bottom plate.
  14. Oscillating system according to claim 12, characterized in that the balance spring (4) is arranged to be connected to the earth by the collet (10), then by the staff (8) of the balance (18) and finally by a pallet lever (36).
  15. Oscillating system according to claim 14, characterized in that the balance spring (4) is arranged to be connected to the earth by the pallet lever (36), then by a staff (38) of the pallet lever (36) and finally by at least one of a first and second bearings (40) between which the pallet lever (36) is pivoted and which are in contact with a pallet-cock (60).
  16. Oscillating system according to claim 14, characterized in that the balance spring (4) is arranged to be connected to the earth by the pallet lever (36), then by at least one of an entry pallet (62) and an exit pallet (64), by an escape wheel (66), by an arbor (68) of the escape wheel (66), and finally by at least one of a first and second bearings (70) between which the escape wheel (66) is pivoted and which are in contact with a bar (2).
  17. Oscillating system according to any of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that, in the case where the components of the oscillating system which are on the electrically conductive path are metallic, said components are electrically connected by means of driving, welding, soldering or by means of an electrical wire.
  18. Oscillating system according to any of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the components of the oscillating system on the electrically conductive path are made of a non-electrically conductive material and are doped to become electrically conductive.
  19. Oscillating system according to claim 18, characterized in that the components are made of silicon or diamond and are doped with phosphorus or boron.
  20. Oscillating system according to any of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the components of the oscillating system which are on the electrically conductive path are made of a non-electrically conductive material coated with a layer of conductive material.
  21. Oscillating system according to claim 20, characterized in that the layer of conductive material is an aluminium, gold, tantalum or titanium layer.
  22. Oscillating system according to any of claims 20 to 21, characterized in that the layer of conductive material is deposited by atomic layer deposition.
  23. Oscillating system according to any of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that two components of the oscillating system are in contact with each other via a lubricating oil, the lubricating oil being made electrically conductive by being loaded with conductive particles.
  24. Oscillating system according to claim 23, characterized in that the conductive particles are graphite particles.
  25. Oscillating system according to any of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the components of the oscillating system which are on the electrically conductive path are made of ruby or sintered poly-ruby made conductive by doping during sintering.
  26. Oscillating system according to any of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the balance spring (4) is made of quartz or of sapphire and is made conductive by ionic implantation.
  27. Method for the fabrication of an oscillating system intended to be mounted between bars of a bottom plate of a timepiece movement, said oscillating system (1) comprising a balance (18), a staff (8) of the balance (18), a collet (10), a balance spring stud (14) and a balance spring (4) attached via a first inner coil (6) to the staff (8) of the balance (18) by means of the collet (10), and attached by a last outer coil (12) to the stud (14), at least one of the components of the oscillating system (1) being arranged to be connected to an earth via an electrically conductive path, the method being characterized in that the method includes a step consisting in connecting the balance spring (4) to the earth by the stud (14) through the adhesive bonding of the balance spring (4) on the stud using an adhesive capable of polymerization under the effect of ultraviolet radiation, which is non-electrically conductive, said step being followed by another step consisting in coating said adhesive with electrically conductive particles by means of a spray in which electrically conductive particles are dispersed.
EP13740039.6A 2012-08-07 2013-07-25 Oscillating system for clock movements Active EP2748684B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13740039.6A EP2748684B1 (en) 2012-08-07 2013-07-25 Oscillating system for clock movements

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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EP12179555 2012-08-07
PCT/EP2013/065762 WO2014023584A1 (en) 2012-08-07 2013-07-25 Oscillating system for clock movement
EP13740039.6A EP2748684B1 (en) 2012-08-07 2013-07-25 Oscillating system for clock movements

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EP2748684A1 EP2748684A1 (en) 2014-07-02
EP2748684B1 true EP2748684B1 (en) 2016-05-18

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CH711141A2 (en) 2015-05-26 2016-11-30 FEHR et Cie SA A method of manufacturing a black dial watch including carbon nanotubes, and black watch dial obtained by such a method.
EP3432083A1 (en) * 2016-02-25 2019-01-23 ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Hairspring for mechanical clock movement
WO2017191533A1 (en) * 2016-05-02 2017-11-09 Patek Philippe Sa Geneve Timepiece hairspring
US11036184B2 (en) 2016-12-07 2021-06-15 FEHR et Cie SA Method of fabrication of a black watch dial, and said black watch dial
EP3451076B1 (en) * 2017-08-31 2020-07-29 ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Stud-holder for a mechanical clockwork movement
EP3859449A1 (en) * 2020-01-30 2021-08-04 ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Hairspring driving cord
EP3865954A1 (en) 2020-02-12 2021-08-18 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Method for manufacturing a device with flexible single-piece silicon sheets, for timepieces
EP3954802A1 (en) * 2020-08-11 2022-02-16 Omega SA Black component decorated with stones and method for manufacturing same

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CH436134A (en) * 1965-03-19 1967-11-15 Virola Sa Method of fixing a watch balance spring to the balance axis
US3883314A (en) * 1970-06-29 1975-05-13 Omega Brandt & Freres Sa Louis Self-lubrication bearing member
JPS57191583A (en) * 1981-05-21 1982-11-25 Seiko Epson Corp Bonding method for middle of water side and pipe
WO2000063749A1 (en) * 1999-04-21 2000-10-26 Conseils Et Manufactures Vlg Sa Clockwork comprising a microgenerator and a testing method for clockworks
EP1837721A1 (en) * 2006-03-24 2007-09-26 ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Micro-mechanical piece made from insulating material and method of manufacture therefor
US20120141800A1 (en) * 2009-06-09 2012-06-07 The Swatch Group Research And Development Ltd. Method for coating micromechanical components of a micromechanical system, in particular a watch and related micromechanical coated component

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