EP2747053A1 - System for the determination of the level of occupation of a parking zone with parking spaces for vehicles - Google Patents

System for the determination of the level of occupation of a parking zone with parking spaces for vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2747053A1
EP2747053A1 EP13196150.0A EP13196150A EP2747053A1 EP 2747053 A1 EP2747053 A1 EP 2747053A1 EP 13196150 A EP13196150 A EP 13196150A EP 2747053 A1 EP2747053 A1 EP 2747053A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
parking
occupancy
zone
parking spaces
spaces
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13196150.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2747053B1 (en
Inventor
Helge Molthan
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Siemens Mobility GmbH
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Siemens AG
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Publication of EP2747053B1 publication Critical patent/EP2747053B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
    • G08G1/0104—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions
    • G08G1/0108—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions based on the source of data
    • G08G1/0116—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions based on the source of data from roadside infrastructure, e.g. beacons
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
    • G08G1/0104—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions
    • G08G1/0125—Traffic data processing
    • G08G1/0133—Traffic data processing for classifying traffic situation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
    • G08G1/0104—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions
    • G08G1/0137—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions for specific applications
    • G08G1/0141—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions for specific applications for traffic information dissemination
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/14—Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating individual free spaces in parking areas
    • G08G1/141—Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating individual free spaces in parking areas with means giving the indication of available parking spaces
    • G08G1/142—Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating individual free spaces in parking areas with means giving the indication of available parking spaces external to the vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/14—Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating individual free spaces in parking areas
    • G08G1/141—Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating individual free spaces in parking areas with means giving the indication of available parking spaces
    • G08G1/143—Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating individual free spaces in parking areas with means giving the indication of available parking spaces inside the vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/14—Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating individual free spaces in parking areas
    • G08G1/141—Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating individual free spaces in parking areas with means giving the indication of available parking spaces
    • G08G1/144—Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating individual free spaces in parking areas with means giving the indication of available parking spaces on portable or mobile units, e.g. personal digital assistant [PDA]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/14—Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating individual free spaces in parking areas
    • G08G1/145—Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating individual free spaces in parking areas where the indication depends on the parking areas
    • G08G1/146—Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating individual free spaces in parking areas where the indication depends on the parking areas where the parking area is a limited parking space, e.g. parking garage, restricted space
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/14—Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating individual free spaces in parking areas
    • G08G1/145—Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating individual free spaces in parking areas where the indication depends on the parking areas
    • G08G1/147—Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating individual free spaces in parking areas where the indication depends on the parking areas where the parking area is within an open public zone, e.g. city centre

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system for determining a degree of occupancy of a parking spaces for vehicles having parking zone according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the so-called parking search traffic ie vehicles whose drivers are looking for a free parking space for their vehicle, occupies a considerable part of the urban traffic volume.
  • parking guidance systems are known which try to capture the current number of free parking spaces in different parking areas as accurately as possible and spend this parking space information on dynamic signs to road users.
  • a parking zone may have parking spaces in parking garages and in parking lots with entry and exit barriers.
  • the parking spaces of the parking zones or on public roads which are managed by means of parking ticket machines.
  • Such a parking guidance system for example, from the German product document "Sitraffic Guide: The parking guidance system for small cities, large cities - and for entire metropolitan areas", issued in 2011 by Siemens AG under the order no. A19100-V350-B105, known.
  • a parking guidance system is known, as it is used in many cities.
  • the free parking spaces in multi-storey car parks and car parks are determined by subtracting the numbers of vehicles entering and exiting therefrom.
  • the determination of the occupancy status in publicly accessible parking spaces with parking ticket machines is more difficult.
  • the access time of a vehicle by solving a parking ticket is known, but not its exact departure time.
  • the DE 43 20 918 A1 discloses for this purpose in the parking ticket machine integrated detection device for detecting the number of vehicles, with which the current occupancy is determined taking into account a certain "redundancy".
  • a parking ticket machine assigned to the parking zone issues parking tickets with a validity period corresponding to the estimated parking time.
  • the parking zone is integrated into a parking guidance system which comprises a central device connected to the parking ticket machine and display devices connected to the central device, which indicate information about free parking zones for parking-space-seeking drivers.
  • the parking zone time is divided into time intervals, to which a counter is assigned whose predetermined maximum value corresponds to the number of available parking spaces. At a given time, the respective counter reading of all counters is set to zero.
  • the counter reading of those counter is increased by one whose associated time interval is included in the period of validity of the parking ticket.
  • the current number of free parking spaces is determined by calculating the difference between the count of the current time interval and the maximum value of the available parking spaces.
  • this method has the uncertainty as to whether the validity period of the released parking ticket coincides with the actual occupancy time of the parking space by a vehicle. In addition, it is not clear if a parking space occupied by a vehicle whose driver has not solved a parking ticket.
  • the publication DE 10 2006 016 050 A1 shows a system for managing a parking zone with paid parking spaces for vehicles, in particular a parking zone applied to or on a public road.
  • the management system includes an automatic machine assigned to the parking spaces for the payment of a parking fee.
  • At each parking space at least one vehicle detector is arranged, which is designed to determine the occupancy state of the parking space.
  • communication means for wireless data transmission between each of a vehicle detector and the parking meter are provided, by means of which the occupancy status representing data can be transmitted.
  • This parking area management system can indicate the current occupancy state of the parking spaces of the managed parking zone promptly and accurately, but is costly to buy and install and depends on the detection reliability of the vehicle detectors used.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a system of the type mentioned, which is inexpensive and can still provide sufficient occupancy information of a parking zone.
  • the invention solves the problem by a system for determining a degree of occupancy of a parking spaces for vehicles having parking zone, with vehicle detectors for detecting occupancy states of parking spaces and the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1. Accordingly, vehicle detectors are arranged in the area of the parking zone for detecting the occupancy states of only a part of the parking spaces. In addition, calculation means connected to the vehicle detectors are designed to calculate the occupancy rate of the parking zone from the recorded occupancy states. According to the invention, a nationwide equipment of the parking zone with vehicle detectors for individual monitoring omitted all parking space occupancy.
  • the degree of occupancy is rather determined by an intelligent selection and occupancy monitoring a small number, for example, less than 50%, preferably even less than 30%, the parking spaces of the parking zone and by extrapolating the recorded occupancy states of this choice of parking space on the whole parking zone with sufficient accuracy. On a parking space accurate occupancy information, it does not matter in the driver's decision whether a particular parking zone is approached.
  • the extra-budget means comprise electronic data processing and storage means as well as interfaces in which topological and historical information data for occupying the parking spaces are implemented, in particular the occupancy attractiveness of the parking spaces as a function of the course of the day and the week.
  • the extra-budget means are designed to calculate an average value of the occupancy statuses recorded as occupancy level of the parking zone. If there is no preferred occupancy order of the parking spaces of a parking zone, the occupancy status of only a few parking spaces can be representative of the entire parking zone. If the parking spaces of a parking zone are distributed over a few streets, for example, it suffices to detect the occupancy of only a single street or only a few parking spaces in the streets. If a certain percentage of free parking spaces of the monitored parking spaces is recorded, it can be assumed without much error that the entire parking zone also holds free parking spaces at this percentage.
  • the Vehicle detectors arranged such that occupancy states of parking spaces are detected from different parking space areas, and the extra-computing means are adapted to calculate the occupancy level of the parking zone, a weighted sum of range occupancy levels of the parking space areas.
  • the extra-computing means are adapted to calculate the occupancy level of the parking zone, a weighted sum of range occupancy levels of the parking space areas.
  • parking garages one observes an ever repeating order of occupancy, according to which parking decks at the level of the parking garage entrance and within parking decks parking spaces near passenger entrances are occupied first.
  • Such parking space areas with different occupancy attractions are also on large parking lots, but also on public roads, for example in the vicinity of public facilities, such as authorities, train stations, shops, etc., read.
  • the parking spaces can be divided into areas high, medium and low pitch attraction, where it is sufficient to monitor only a few parking spaces in the different parking areas using vehicle detectors.
  • each parking space area can be assigned a previously determinable weighting factor with which the detected occupancy of the parking space areas is multiplied before their sum is formed for the occupancy level de parking zone. Not all parking space areas need to be monitored.
  • A1 vehicle detectors can be used, for example, ultrasonic, radar or magnetic field sensors, which can be arranged above or below the floor.
  • a vehicle detector is designed as a video detector with a video camera for image recording of one or more parking spaces and with an evaluation unit for vehicle identification on the parking space (s). This makes it possible to monitor several parking spaces with only one vehicle detector to occupancy.
  • the extra-computing means are designed to provide Occupancy rate of the parking zone in output by predetermined occupancy thresholds separated occupancy levels.
  • the decision as to whether a driver approaches a specific parking zone for the search for a parking space is made easier by not outputting to the driver an exact, possibly continuously changing value of the occupancy rate, but only a roughly stepped occupancy information.
  • the few occupancy levels are separated by occupancy thresholds. For example, a "low” occupancy level can be output if the occupancy rate is less than 50%, for example.
  • the occupancy level "high” can be output at an occupancy level of over 80%. If the occupancy rate lies between these occupancy thresholds, the occupancy level "medium” is output.
  • the occupancy thresholds may also assume other values, as well as finer subdivision occupancy levels may be provided.
  • an occupancy level "overcrowded" are issued if such shelves when overcrowding the parking zone typically - although not properly - occupied.
  • the superannuation means of a system according to the invention are preferably designed to calculate a change frequency of the occupancy states detected in the parking zone and to determine the occupancy threshold values for the occupancy levels as a function of the calculated change frequency.
  • the occupancy thresholds of the occupancy levels can be reduced all the more, the greater the recorded frequency of occupancy changes in the parking zone. It is assumed that the probability of finding a vacant parking space is greater with the same occupancy rate, the more frequently the parking space is filled again.
  • the system according to the invention comprises connected to the extrapolation means User interfaces, in particular road-side signs and / or mobile or stationary Internet interfaces and / or vehicle-side terminals, such as route guidance systems, for outputting the determined occupancy rate of the parking zone.
  • User interfaces in particular road-side signs and / or mobile or stationary Internet interfaces and / or vehicle-side terminals, such as route guidance systems, for outputting the determined occupancy rate of the parking zone.
  • a user interface of the system according to the invention preferably has a display unit for the graphic representation of the parking zone on an electronic map, the occupancy levels being assigned different colors, and the parking zone being displayed on the map in the color associated with the determined occupancy level. For example, a park zone with occupancy level “high” red, with occupancy level “medium” yellow and occupancy level “low” green can be displayed on LED or liquid crystal displays. Other color assignments are also possible.
  • system according to the invention can also be used at times when no parking tickets are sold at parking ticket machines.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The system comprises vehicle detectors that are provided for acquisition of occupancy states of storage positions. The vehicle detectors are arranged in the region of the park zone for acquisition of the occupancy states in only one portion of the storage positions. A computer forecast unit is connected with the vehicle detectors, for computing the occupancy rate of the park zone from the acquired occupancy states.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein System zur Ermittlung eines Belegungsgrades einer Stellplätze für Fahrzeuge aufweisenden Parkzone nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to a system for determining a degree of occupancy of a parking spaces for vehicles having parking zone according to the preamble of claim 1.

Der so genannte Parksuchverkehr, also Fahrzeuge, deren Fahrer auf der Suche nach einem freien Stellplatz zum Parken ihres Fahrzeugs sind, nimmt einen beträchtlichen Teil des innerstädtischen Verkehrsaufkommens ein. Zur Minimierung des Parksuchverkehrs sind Parkleitsysteme bekannt, welche die aktuelle Anzahl an in verschiedenen Parkzonen freien Stellplätzen möglichst genau zu erfassen versuchen und diese Stellplatzinformation über dynamische Hinweisschilder an Verkehrsteilnehmer ausgeben. Eine Parkzone kann Stellplätze in Parkhäusern und auf Parkplätzen mit Ein- und Ausfahrtsschranken aufweisen. Hinzu kommen die Stellplätze der Parkzonen an oder auf öffentlichen Straßen, die mittels Parkscheinautomaten verwaltet werden. Ein derartiges Parkleitsystem ist beispielsweise aus der DE-Produktschrift "Sitraffic Guide: Das Parkleitsystem für kleine Städte, große Städte - und für ganze Ballungsräume", herausgegeben 2011 von Siemens AG unter der Bestell-Nr. A19100-V350-B105, bekannt.The so-called parking search traffic, ie vehicles whose drivers are looking for a free parking space for their vehicle, occupies a considerable part of the urban traffic volume. To minimize the parking search traffic parking guidance systems are known which try to capture the current number of free parking spaces in different parking areas as accurately as possible and spend this parking space information on dynamic signs to road users. A parking zone may have parking spaces in parking garages and in parking lots with entry and exit barriers. In addition, the parking spaces of the parking zones or on public roads, which are managed by means of parking ticket machines. Such a parking guidance system, for example, from the German product document "Sitraffic Guide: The parking guidance system for small cities, large cities - and for entire metropolitan areas", issued in 2011 by Siemens AG under the order no. A19100-V350-B105, known.

Aus der Offenlegungsschrift DE 43 20 918 A1 ist ein Parkleitsystem bekannt, wie es in vielen Städten eingesetzt wird. Dabei werden die freien Abstellplätze in Parkhäusern und Parkplätzen durch Differenzbildung der Anzahlen von darin ein- und daraus ausfahrenden Fahrzeugen ermittelt. Auf Anzeigetafeln im Zufahrtsbereich zur Innenstadt oder durch Übertragung auf individuelle Navigationssysteme in den Fahrzeugen werden optimale Routen zu Parkzonen mit noch nicht vollständig belegten Stellplätzen angegeben.From the publication DE 43 20 918 A1 a parking guidance system is known, as it is used in many cities. The free parking spaces in multi-storey car parks and car parks are determined by subtracting the numbers of vehicles entering and exiting therefrom. On display boards in the access area to the city center or by transfer to individual navigation systems in the vehicles optimal routes to parking zones are indicated with not yet fully occupied parking spaces.

Schwieriger gestaltet sich die Erfassung des Belegungszustandes bei öffentlich zugänglichen Stellplätzen mit Parkscheinautomaten. Hier ist zwar die Zufahrtszeit eines Fahrzeuges durch das Lösen eines Parkscheines bekannt, nicht jedoch dessen genaue Abfahrtszeit. Die DE 43 20 918 A1 offenbart hierzu ein in den Parkscheinautomaten integriertes Erfassungsgerät zur Erfassung der Zahl der Fahrzeuge, mit welchem die aktuelle Belegung bei Berücksichtigung einer gewissen "Redundanz" ermittelt wird.The determination of the occupancy status in publicly accessible parking spaces with parking ticket machines is more difficult. Here, although the access time of a vehicle by solving a parking ticket is known, but not its exact departure time. The DE 43 20 918 A1 discloses for this purpose in the parking ticket machine integrated detection device for detecting the number of vehicles, with which the current occupancy is determined taking into account a certain "redundancy".

Aus der Patentschrift DE 197 20 415 C1 ist ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung einer Parkraumbelegung in einer öffentlich zugänglichen Parkzone, in der das Parken in einer Parkzonenzeit gebührenpflichtig ist, bekannt. Ein der Parkzone zugeordneter Parkscheinautomat gibt Parkscheine mit einer der voraussichtlichen Parkzeit entsprechenden Gültigkeitsdauer aus. Die Parkzone ist in ein Parkleitsystem eingebunden, welches eine mit dem Parkscheinautomaten verbundene Zentraleinrichtung und mit der Zentraleinrichtung verbundene Anzeigevorrichtungen umfasst, welche Informationen über freie Parkzonen für Parkraum suchende Fahrzeugführer angeben. Die Parkzonenzeit wird in Zeitintervalle aufgeteilt, welchen ein Zähler zugeordnet wird, dessen vorgegebener Maximalwert der Anzahl der verfügbaren Abstellplätze entspricht. Zu einem vorgegebenen Zeitpunkt wird der jeweilige Zählerstand aller Zähler auf Null gesetzt. Beim Ausgeben eines Parkscheins wird der Zählerstand derjenigen Zähler um Eins erhöht, deren zugeordnetes Zeitintervall in der Gültigkeitsdauer des Parkscheins beinhaltet ist. Die aktuelle Anzahl der freien Stellplätze wird durch Differenzbildung aus dem Zählerstand des aktuellen Zeitintervalls und dem Maximalwert der verfügbaren Abstellplätze ermittelt.From the patent DE 197 20 415 C1 A method is known for determining a parking space occupancy in a publicly accessible parking zone in which the parking in a parking zone time is chargeable known. A parking ticket machine assigned to the parking zone issues parking tickets with a validity period corresponding to the estimated parking time. The parking zone is integrated into a parking guidance system which comprises a central device connected to the parking ticket machine and display devices connected to the central device, which indicate information about free parking zones for parking-space-seeking drivers. The parking zone time is divided into time intervals, to which a counter is assigned whose predetermined maximum value corresponds to the number of available parking spaces. At a given time, the respective counter reading of all counters is set to zero. When issuing a parking ticket, the counter reading of those counter is increased by one whose associated time interval is included in the period of validity of the parking ticket. The current number of free parking spaces is determined by calculating the difference between the count of the current time interval and the maximum value of the available parking spaces.

Dieses Verfahren weist jedoch die Unsicherheit auf, ob die Gültigkeitsdauer des gelösten Parkscheines mit der tatsächlichen Belegungsdauer des Stellplatzes durch ein Fahrzeug übereinstimmt. Außerdem ist nicht ersichtlich, ob ein Stellplatz durch ein Fahrzeug belegt ist, dessen Fahrer keinen Parkschein gelöst hat.However, this method has the uncertainty as to whether the validity period of the released parking ticket coincides with the actual occupancy time of the parking space by a vehicle. In addition, it is not clear if a parking space occupied by a vehicle whose driver has not solved a parking ticket.

Die Offenlegungsschrift DE 10 2006 016 050 A1 zeigt ein System zur Verwaltung einer Parkzone mit gebührenpflichtigen Stellplätzen für Fahrzeuge, insbesondere einer an oder auf einer öffentlichen Straße angelegten Parkzone. Das Verwaltungssystem umfasst einen den Stellplätzen zugeordneten Automaten zur Bezahlung einer Parkgebühr. An jedem Stellplatz ist mindestens ein Fahrzeugdetektor angeordnet, der zur Bestimmung des Belegungszustandes des Stellplatzes ausgebildet ist. Ferner sind Kommunikationsmittel zur drahtlosen Datenübertragung zwischen je einem Fahrzeugdetektor und dem Parkgebührenautomaten vorgesehen, mittels welcher den Belegungszustand darstellende Daten übertragbar sind. Dieses Parkzonenverwaltungssystem kann den aktuellen Belegungszustand der Stellplätze der verwalteten Parkzone zeitnah und platzgenau angeben, ist aber kostenaufwändig in der Anschaffung und Installation und hängt von der Detektionssicherheit der verwendeten Fahrzeugdetektoren ab.The publication DE 10 2006 016 050 A1 shows a system for managing a parking zone with paid parking spaces for vehicles, in particular a parking zone applied to or on a public road. The management system includes an automatic machine assigned to the parking spaces for the payment of a parking fee. At each parking space at least one vehicle detector is arranged, which is designed to determine the occupancy state of the parking space. Furthermore, communication means for wireless data transmission between each of a vehicle detector and the parking meter are provided, by means of which the occupancy status representing data can be transmitted. This parking area management system can indicate the current occupancy state of the parking spaces of the managed parking zone promptly and accurately, but is costly to buy and install and depends on the detection reliability of the vehicle detectors used.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein System der eingangs genannten Art bereitzustellen, welches kostengünstig ist und trotzdem hinreichende Belegungsinformationen einer Parkzone liefern kann.The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a system of the type mentioned, which is inexpensive and can still provide sufficient occupancy information of a parking zone.

Die Erfindung löst die Aufgabe durch ein System zur Ermittlung eines Belegungsgrades einer Stellplätze für Fahrzeuge aufweisenden Parkzone, mit Fahrzeugdetektoren zur Erfassung von Belegungszuständen von Stellplätzen und den im kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruches 1 angegebenen Merkmalen. Demnach sind Fahrzeugdetektoren im Bereich der Parkzone zur Erfassung der Belegungszustände nur eines Teils der Stellplätze angeordnet. Ferner sind mit den Fahrzeugdetektoren verbundene Hochrechnungsmittel dazu ausgebildet, aus den erfassten Belegungszuständen den Belegungsgrad der Parkzone zu berechnen. Erfindungsgemäß wird auf eine flächendeckende Ausstattung der Parkzone mit Fahrzeugdetektoren zur Einzelüberwachung sämtlicher Stellplatzbelegungen verzichtet. Der Belegungsgrad wird vielmehr durch eine intelligente Auswahl und Belegungsüberwachung einer geringen Anzahl, beispielsweise von weniger als 50 %, vorzugsweise sogar weniger als 30 %, der Stellplätze der Parkzone und durch eine Hochrechnung der erfassten Belegungszustände dieser Stellplatzauswahl auf die ganze Parkzone hinreichend genau bestimmt. Auf eine stellplatzgenaue Belegungsinformation kommt es bei der Fahrerentscheidung, ob eine bestimmte Parkzone angefahren wird, nicht an. Die Hochrechnungsmittel weisen elektronische Datenverarbeitungs- und -speichermittel sowie Schnittstellen auf, in welchen topologische und historische Informationsdaten zur Belegung der Stellplätze implementiert sind, insbesondere die Belegungsattraktivität der Stellplätze in Abhängigkeit des Tages- und Wochenverlaufes.The invention solves the problem by a system for determining a degree of occupancy of a parking spaces for vehicles having parking zone, with vehicle detectors for detecting occupancy states of parking spaces and the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1. Accordingly, vehicle detectors are arranged in the area of the parking zone for detecting the occupancy states of only a part of the parking spaces. In addition, calculation means connected to the vehicle detectors are designed to calculate the occupancy rate of the parking zone from the recorded occupancy states. According to the invention, a nationwide equipment of the parking zone with vehicle detectors for individual monitoring omitted all parking space occupancy. The degree of occupancy is rather determined by an intelligent selection and occupancy monitoring a small number, for example, less than 50%, preferably even less than 30%, the parking spaces of the parking zone and by extrapolating the recorded occupancy states of this choice of parking space on the whole parking zone with sufficient accuracy. On a parking space accurate occupancy information, it does not matter in the driver's decision whether a particular parking zone is approached. The extra-budget means comprise electronic data processing and storage means as well as interfaces in which topological and historical information data for occupying the parking spaces are implemented, in particular the occupancy attractiveness of the parking spaces as a function of the course of the day and the week.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Systems sind für eine Parkzone mit einer einheitlichen Belegungsattraktivität der Stellplätze, insbesondere für an öffentlichen Straßen angeordnete Stellplätze, die Hochrechnungsmittel dazu ausgebildet, als Belegungsgrad der Parkzone einen Mittelwert der erfassten Belegungszustände zu berechnen. Liegt keine bevorzugte Belegungsreihenfolge der Stellplätze einer Parkzone vor, so kann der Belegungszustand von nur wenigen Stellplätzen repräsentativ für die ganze Parkzone sein. Sind die Stellplätze einer Parkzone beispielsweise auf einige Straßenzüge verteilt, so genügt eine Belegungsdetektion von nur einem einzigen Straßenzug oder von nur jeweils wenigen Stellplätzen in den Straßenzügen. Wird ein bestimmter Prozentsatz an freien Stellplätzen der überwachten Stellplätze erfasst, so kann ohne großen Fehler davon ausgegangen werden, dass auch die gesamt Parkzone freie Stellplätze zu diesem Prozentsatz bereithält.In an advantageous embodiment of the system according to the invention, for a parking zone with a uniform occupancy attractiveness of the parking spaces, in particular for parking spaces arranged on public roads, the extra-budget means are designed to calculate an average value of the occupancy statuses recorded as occupancy level of the parking zone. If there is no preferred occupancy order of the parking spaces of a parking zone, the occupancy status of only a few parking spaces can be representative of the entire parking zone. If the parking spaces of a parking zone are distributed over a few streets, for example, it suffices to detect the occupancy of only a single street or only a few parking spaces in the streets. If a certain percentage of free parking spaces of the monitored parking spaces is recorded, it can be assumed without much error that the entire parking zone also holds free parking spaces at this percentage.

In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Systems sind für Parkzonen mit Stellplatzbereichen unterschiedlicher Belegungsattraktivitäten, insbesondere für in Parkhäusern oder auf Parkplätzen angeordneten Stellplätzen, die Fahrzeugdetektoren derart angeordnet, dass Belegungszustände von Stellplätzen aus unterschiedlichen Stellplatzbereichen erfasst werden, und die Hochrechnungsmittel dazu ausgebildet sind, als Belegungsgrad der Parkzone eine gewichtete Summe von Bereichsbelegungsgraden der Stellplatzbereiche zu berechnen. In Parkhäusern beobachtet man eine sich immer wiederholende Belegungsreihenfolge, nach der Parkdecks auf Höhe der Parkhauseinfahrt und innerhalb von Parkdecks Stellplätze in der Nähe von Personenzugängen zuerst belegt werden. Solche Stellplatzbereiche mit unterschiedlichen Belegungsattraktivitäten sind auch auf großen Parkplätzen, aber auch an öffentlichen Straßen, beispielsweise in der Nähe öffentlicher Einrichtungen, wie Behörden, Bahnhöfen, Einkaufsläden, etc., abzulesen. Hier können die Stellplätze in Bereiche hoher, mittlerer und niedriger Stellplatzattraktivität unterteilt werden, wobei es genügt, nur wenige Stellplätze in den unterschiedlichen Stellplatzbereichen mittels Fahrzeugdetektoren zu überwachen. Je nach Gesamtzahl der Stellplätze in den Bereichen und nach Belegungsattraktivität kann jedem Stellplatzbereich ein vorab bestimmbarer Gewichtungsfaktor zugeordnet werden, mit dem die detektierte Belegung der Stellplatzbereiche multipliziert wird, bevor deren Summe für den Belegungsgrad de Parkzone gebildet wird. Dabei müssen nicht sämtliche Stellplatzbereiche überwacht werden.In a preferred embodiment of the system according to the invention are for parking areas with parking space areas of different occupancy attractions, especially for arranged in parking garages or parking lots, the Vehicle detectors arranged such that occupancy states of parking spaces are detected from different parking space areas, and the extra-computing means are adapted to calculate the occupancy level of the parking zone, a weighted sum of range occupancy levels of the parking space areas. In parking garages one observes an ever repeating order of occupancy, according to which parking decks at the level of the parking garage entrance and within parking decks parking spaces near passenger entrances are occupied first. Such parking space areas with different occupancy attractions are also on large parking lots, but also on public roads, for example in the vicinity of public facilities, such as authorities, train stations, shops, etc., read. Here, the parking spaces can be divided into areas high, medium and low pitch attraction, where it is sufficient to monitor only a few parking spaces in the different parking areas using vehicle detectors. Depending on the total number of parking spaces in the areas and on occupancy attractiveness, each parking space area can be assigned a previously determinable weighting factor with which the detected occupancy of the parking space areas is multiplied before their sum is formed for the occupancy level de parking zone. Not all parking space areas need to be monitored.

A1 Fahrzeugdetektoren können beispielsweise Ultraschall-, Radar- oder Magnetfeldsensoren verwendet werden, die über Kopf oder unter Flur angeordnet sein können. In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Systems ist ein Fahrzeugdetektor als Videodetektor mit Videokamera zur Bildaufnahme eines oder mehrerer Stellplätze und mit einer Auswertungseinheit zur Fahrzeugerkennung auf dem oder den Stellplätzen ausgebildet. Hierdurch ist es möglich, mehrere Stellplätze mit nur einem Fahrzeugdetektor auf Belegung zu überwachen.A1 vehicle detectors can be used, for example, ultrasonic, radar or magnetic field sensors, which can be arranged above or below the floor. In an advantageous embodiment of the system according to the invention, a vehicle detector is designed as a video detector with a video camera for image recording of one or more parking spaces and with an evaluation unit for vehicle identification on the parking space (s). This makes it possible to monitor several parking spaces with only one vehicle detector to occupancy.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Systems sind die Hochrechnungsmittel dazu ausgebildet, den Belegungsgrad der Parkzone in durch vorbestimmte Belegungsschwellwerte voneinander abgegrenzten Belegungsstufen auszugeben. Die Entscheidung, ob ein Fahrer eine bestimmte Parkzone zur Suche eines Stellplatzes anfährt, wird erleichtert, indem an den Fahrer nicht ein exakter, sich gegebenenfalls laufend ändernder Wert des Belegungsgrades ausgegeben wird, sondern nur eine grob gestufte Belegungsinformation. Die wenigen Belegungsstufen sind durch Belegungsschwellwerte voneinander getrennt. So kann eine Belegungsstufe "gering" ausgegeben werden, wenn der Belegungsgrad beispielsweise geringer als 50 % ist. Die Belegungsstufe "hoch" kann bei einem Belegungsgrad von über 80 % ausgegeben werden. Bei einem zwischen diesen Belegungsschwellwerten liegenden Belegungsgrad wird die Belegungsstufe "mittel" ausgegeben. Die Belegungsschwellwerte können auch andere Werte annehmen, ebenso können feiner unterteilte Belegungsstufen vorgesehen werden. Insbesondere kann bei Überwachung von Stellflächen, auf welchen Fahrzeuge gemäß Straßenverkehrsordnung nicht abgestellt werden dürfen, eine Belegungsstufe "überfüllt" ausgegeben werden, wenn solche Stellflächen bei Überfüllung der Parkzone typischerweise - wenn auch nicht ordnungsgemäß - belegt werden.In a preferred embodiment of the system according to the invention, the extra-computing means are designed to provide Occupancy rate of the parking zone in output by predetermined occupancy thresholds separated occupancy levels. The decision as to whether a driver approaches a specific parking zone for the search for a parking space is made easier by not outputting to the driver an exact, possibly continuously changing value of the occupancy rate, but only a roughly stepped occupancy information. The few occupancy levels are separated by occupancy thresholds. For example, a "low" occupancy level can be output if the occupancy rate is less than 50%, for example. The occupancy level "high" can be output at an occupancy level of over 80%. If the occupancy rate lies between these occupancy thresholds, the occupancy level "medium" is output. The occupancy thresholds may also assume other values, as well as finer subdivision occupancy levels may be provided. In particular, in the monitoring of parking spaces on which vehicles may not be parked in accordance with the Highway Code, an occupancy level "overcrowded" are issued if such shelves when overcrowding the parking zone typically - although not properly - occupied.

Vorzugsweise sind die Hochrechnungsmittel eines erfindungsgemäßen Systems dazu ausgebildet, eine Änderungshäufigkeit der in der Parkzone erfassten Belegungszustände zu berechnen und die Belegungsschwellwerte für die Belegungsstufen in Abhängigkeit der berechneten Änderungshäufigkeit zu bestimmen. So können beispielsweise die Belegungsschwellwerte der Belegungsstufen umso mehr herabgesetzt werden, je größer die erfasste Häufigkeit von Belegungsänderungen in der Parkzone ist. Dabei wird davon ausgegangen, dass die Wahrscheinlichkeit, einen freien Stellplatz zu finden, bei gleichem Belegungsgrad umso größer ist, je häufiger der Stellplatz wieder neu besetzt wird.The superannuation means of a system according to the invention are preferably designed to calculate a change frequency of the occupancy states detected in the parking zone and to determine the occupancy threshold values for the occupancy levels as a function of the calculated change frequency. Thus, for example, the occupancy thresholds of the occupancy levels can be reduced all the more, the greater the recorded frequency of occupancy changes in the parking zone. It is assumed that the probability of finding a vacant parking space is greater with the same occupancy rate, the more frequently the parking space is filled again.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform umfasst das erfindungsgemäße System mit den Hochrechnungsmitteln verbundene Nutzerschnittstellen, insbesondere straßenseitige Hinweisschilder und/oder mobile oder stationäre Internetschnittstellen und/oder fahrzeugseitige Endgeräte, wie Zielführungssysteme, zur Ausgabe des ermittelten Belegungsgrades der Parkzone. Diese können das erfindungsgemäße System zu einem Parkleitsystem komplettieren.In a further advantageous embodiment, the system according to the invention comprises connected to the extrapolation means User interfaces, in particular road-side signs and / or mobile or stationary Internet interfaces and / or vehicle-side terminals, such as route guidance systems, for outputting the determined occupancy rate of the parking zone. These can complete the system according to the invention to form a parking guidance system.

Vorzugsweise weist eine Nutzerschnittstelle des erfindungsgemäßen Systems eine Anzeigeeinheit zur grafischen Darstellung der Parkzone auf einer elektronischen Karte auf, wobei den Belegungsstufen unterschiedliche Farben zugeordnet sind, und wobei die Parkzone auf der Karte in der dem ermittelten Belegungsgrad zugeordneten Farbe dargestellt ist. So kann beispielsweise auf Leuchtdioden- oder Flüssigkristallanzeigen eine Parkzone mit Belegungsstufe "hoch" rot, mit Belegungsstufe "mittel" gelb und mit Belegungsstufe "gering" grün dargestellt werden. Andere Farbzuordnungen sind ebenfalls möglich.A user interface of the system according to the invention preferably has a display unit for the graphic representation of the parking zone on an electronic map, the occupancy levels being assigned different colors, and the parking zone being displayed on the map in the color associated with the determined occupancy level. For example, a park zone with occupancy level "high" red, with occupancy level "medium" yellow and occupancy level "low" green can be displayed on LED or liquid crystal displays. Other color assignments are also possible.

Mit Vorteil kann das erfindungsgemäße System auch zu Zeiten genutzt werden, in denen keine Parkscheine an Parkscheinautomaten verkauft werden.Advantageously, the system according to the invention can also be used at times when no parking tickets are sold at parking ticket machines.

Claims (8)

System zur Ermittlung eines Belegungsgrades einer Stellplätze für Fahrzeuge aufweisenden Parkzone, mit Fahrzeugdetektoren zur Erfassung von Belegungszuständen von Stellplätzen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Fahrzeugdetektoren im Bereich der Parkzone zur Erfassung der Belegungszustände nur eines Teils der Stellplätze angeordnet sind, und dass mit den Fahrzeugdetektoren verbundene Hochrechnungsmittel dazu ausgebildet sind, aus den erfassten Belegungszuständen den Belegungsgrad der Parkzone zu berechnen.System for determining a degree of occupancy of a parking spaces for vehicles having parking zone, with vehicle detectors for detecting occupancy states of parking spaces, characterized in that vehicle detectors are arranged in the parking zone for detecting the occupancy states of only a portion of the parking spaces, and that associated with the vehicle detectors Hochrechnungsmittel thereto are designed to calculate the occupancy rate of the parking zone from the recorded occupancy states. System nach Anspruch 1, wobei für eine Parkzone mit einer einheitlichen Belegungsattraktivität der Stellplätze, insbesondere für an öffentlichen Straßen angeordnete Stellplätze, die Hochrechnungsmittel dazu ausgebildet sind, als Belegungsgrad der Parkzone einen Mittelwert der erfassten Belegungszustände zu berechnen.The system according to claim 1, wherein for a parking zone with a uniform occupancy attractiveness of the parking spaces, in particular for parking spaces arranged on public roads, the calculation means are designed to calculate an average value of the occupancy statuses as occupancy level of the parking zone. System nach Anspruch 1, wobei für Parkzonen mit Stellplatzbereichen unterschiedlicher Belegungsattraktivitäten, insbesondere für in Parkhäusern oder auf Parkplätzen angeordneten Stellplätzen, die Fahrzeugdetektoren derart angeordnet sind, dass Belegungszustände von Stellplätzen aus unterschiedlichen Stellplatzbereichen erfasst werden, und die Hochrechnungsmittel dazu ausgebildet sind, als Belegungsgrad der Parkzone eine gewichtete Summe von Bereichsbelegungsgraden der Stellplatzbereiche zu berechnen.The system according to claim 1, wherein for parking zones with parking areas of different occupancy attractions, in particular for car parks or car parks arranged parking spaces, the vehicle detectors are arranged such that occupancy statuses of parking spaces are detected from different parking space areas, and the Hochrechnungsmittel are designed to occupy the parking zone to calculate a weighted sum of range occupancy levels of the parking space areas. System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei ein Fahrzeugdetektor als Videodetektor mit Videokamera zur Bildaufnahme eines oder mehrerer Stellplätze und mit einer Auswertungseinheit zur Fahrzeugerkennung auf dem oder den Stellplätzen ausgebildet ist.System according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a vehicle detector is designed as a video detector with video camera for image recording of one or more parking spaces and with an evaluation unit for vehicle detection on the one or more parking spaces. System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei die Hochrechnungsmittel dazu ausgebildet sind, den Belegungsgrad der Parkzone in durch vorbestimmte Belegungsschwellwerte voneinander abgegrenzten Belegungsstufen auszugeben.System according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the high-computing means are adapted to the occupancy rate of Park zone in by occupancy thresholds separated occupancy levels output. System nach Anspruch 5, wobei die Hochrechnungsmittel dazu ausgebildet sind, eine Änderungshäufigkeit der in der Parkzone erfassten Belegungszustände zu berechnen und die Belegungsschwellwerte für die Belegungsstufen in Abhängigkeit der berechneten Änderungshäufigkeit zu bestimmen.The system according to claim 5, wherein the calculating means are adapted to calculate a change frequency of occupancy states detected in the parking zone and to determine the occupancy threshold values for the occupancy levels depending on the calculated change frequency. System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, umfassend mit den Hochrechnungsmitteln verbundene Nutzerschnittstellen, insbesondere straßenseitige Hinweisschilder und/oder mobile oder stationäre Internetschnittstellen und/oder fahrzeugseitige Endgeräte, zur Ausgabe des ermittelten Belegungsgrades der Parkzone.System according to one of claims 1 to 6, comprising user interfaces connected to the extrapolation means, in particular roadside information signs and / or mobile or stationary Internet interfaces and / or vehicle-side terminals, for outputting the determined occupancy rate of the parking zone. System nach Anspruch 7, wobei eine Nutzerschnittstelle eine Anzeigeeinheit zur grafischen Darstellung der Parkzone auf einer elektronischen Karte aufweist, wobei den Belegungsstufen unterschiedliche Farben zugeordnet sind, und wobei die Parkzone auf der Karte in der dem ermittelten Belegungsgrad zugeordneten Farbe dargestellt ist.The system of claim 7, wherein a user interface comprises a display unit for graphically displaying the parking zone on an electronic map, the occupancy levels being associated with different colors, and wherein the parking zone is displayed on the map in the color associated with the determined occupancy level.
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