EP2741862A1 - Dispositif de production d'un jet pulsé de fluide sous pression - Google Patents

Dispositif de production d'un jet pulsé de fluide sous pression

Info

Publication number
EP2741862A1
EP2741862A1 EP12725005.8A EP12725005A EP2741862A1 EP 2741862 A1 EP2741862 A1 EP 2741862A1 EP 12725005 A EP12725005 A EP 12725005A EP 2741862 A1 EP2741862 A1 EP 2741862A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluid
nozzle
chamber
workpiece
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP12725005.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2741862B1 (fr
Inventor
Hermann-Josef David
Egon KÄSKE
Norbert Klinkhammer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ecoclean GmbH
Original Assignee
Duerr Ecoclean GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Duerr Ecoclean GmbH filed Critical Duerr Ecoclean GmbH
Publication of EP2741862A1 publication Critical patent/EP2741862A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2741862B1 publication Critical patent/EP2741862B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
    • B05B13/06—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00 specially designed for treating the inside of hollow bodies
    • B05B13/0627—Arrangements of nozzles or spray heads specially adapted for treating the inside of hollow bodies
    • B05B13/0636—Arrangements of nozzles or spray heads specially adapted for treating the inside of hollow bodies by means of rotatable spray heads or nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B17/00—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
    • B05B17/04—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
    • B05B17/06—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations
    • B05B17/0607—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers
    • B05B17/0623—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers coupled with a vibrating horn
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F3/00—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F3/004—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor by means of a fluid jet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
    • B05B12/02—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area for controlling time, or sequence, of delivery
    • B05B12/06—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area for controlling time, or sequence, of delivery for effecting pulsating flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B17/00—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
    • B05B17/04—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
    • B05B17/06—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations
    • B05B17/0607—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto 
    • B08B9/02—Cleaning pipes or tubes or systems of pipes or tubes
    • B08B9/021—Cleaning pipe ends or pipe fittings, e.g. before soldering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto 
    • B08B9/08—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks
    • B08B9/0804—Cleaning containers having tubular shape, e.g. casks, barrels, drums
    • B08B9/0813—Cleaning containers having tubular shape, e.g. casks, barrels, drums by the force of jets or sprays
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto 
    • B08B9/08—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks
    • B08B9/093—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks by the force of jets or sprays
    • B08B9/0936—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks by the force of jets or sprays using rotating jets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B24C1/08—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for polishing surfaces, e.g. smoothing a surface by making use of liquid-borne abrasives
    • B24C1/086—Descaling; Removing coating films
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C5/00—Devices or accessories for generating abrasive blasts
    • B24C5/005—Vibratory devices, e.g. for generating abrasive blasts by ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C7/00—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts
    • B24C7/0046—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a gaseous carrier
    • B24C7/0053—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a gaseous carrier with control of feed parameters, e.g. feed rate of abrasive material or carrier
    • B24C7/0061—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a gaseous carrier with control of feed parameters, e.g. feed rate of abrasive material or carrier of feed pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
    • B05B13/06—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00 specially designed for treating the inside of hollow bodies
    • B05B13/0645—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00 specially designed for treating the inside of hollow bodies the hollow bodies being rotated during treatment operation
    • B05B13/0672—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00 specially designed for treating the inside of hollow bodies the hollow bodies being rotated during treatment operation and the inclination or the distance of a treating nozzle being modified relative to the rotation axis, e.g. for treating irregular internal surfaces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/364—By fluid blast and/or suction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for generating a pulsating fluid jet of pressurized fluid with a conduit system containing at least one nozzle having a nozzle mouth from which a fluid jet of pressurized fluid can escape, and which has a chamber in a pressure wave generating device for generating fluid pressure waves is formed, which communicates with the line system through an outlet opening for the generated fluid pressure waves.
  • machining with cutting tools has the disadvantage, for example, of materials with high hardness, that it is relatively expensive because of the wear of the cutting edges.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a device for the efficient machining of the surface of workpieces with fluid jets, which can operate with comparatively low fluid pressures.
  • the device according to the invention is particularly suitable for applying a fluid to a workpiece surface in the form of wash liquor and / or water and / or emulsion, in particular water-oil emulsion and / or oil.
  • the invention is based on the idea that can be generated by coupling of vibration energy in the form of pressure waves in a fluid jet, in particular in a fluid jet, which is subjected to an increased pressure, which may be 20 bar, 30 bar or more, generate fluid pulses, in which the vibration energy is converted into kinetic energy.
  • a fluid jet in particular in a fluid jet, which is subjected to an increased pressure, which may be 20 bar, 30 bar or more, generate fluid pulses, in which the vibration energy is converted into kinetic energy.
  • an increased pressure which may be 20 bar, 30 bar or more
  • the kinetic energy transferable to the fluid by generating pressure waves can be maximized by ensuring that the reflections of pressure waves in a conduit system for supplying pressurized fluid to a nozzle do not cancel the generated pressure waves but intensify due to interference.
  • the ratio of the effective path length which the pressure waves in the conduit system from the outlet opening of the chamber to the nozzle mouth of a nozzle cover and the wavelength of the fluid pressure waves, ie, a fluid pressure waves in the line system characterizing Helmholtz number are set.
  • the line system may include a first line piece and a at least partially received in the first line piece and communicating with this second line piece, which can be displaced relative to the first line piece in the longitudinal direction. It is advantageous in this case, if the second line piece, e.g. is guided linearly movable with a thread on the first line piece. Conveniently, a fixing device is provided, with which the second line piece can be fixed to the first line piece.
  • the device may include frequency adjustment means for adjusting the frequency of the generated fluid pressure waves. In fact, by varying the frequency of the fluid pressure waves, their wavelength in the fluid is also changed.
  • the conduit system advantageously has a first conduit system section with a connection for a pressure pump and has a second conduit system section with a receptacle for the nozzle. It is advantageous if the first section and the second section are connected to a swivel joint.
  • the second conduit system section in the rotary joint is coaxial with the first conduit system section about an axis of fluid passage formed in the second section. le axis can be oscillated and / or rotated, it is possible to produce regular or irregular structures in the surface of a workpiece bore.
  • the device preferably contains a motor drive for moving the second line system section.
  • the line system has a first line system section with a connection for a pressure pump and has a second line system section, in which a plurality of nozzles are each arranged with a nozzle mouth, which are acted upon by separate line branches with fluid.
  • a length-adjustable line for pressurized fluid is arranged in the separate line branches to the nozzles in each case.
  • a vent valve is beneficial.
  • this vent valve is arranged so that even with a displacement of the device, these air bubbles can escape.
  • the vent valve can for example be accommodated in an upper ceiling section of the chamber.
  • the chamber may have an opening separate from the exit opening for supplying high pressure fluid. This allows efficient delivery of fluid into the chamber.
  • the pressure wave generating device is located in a Totwasser which the chamber.
  • the chamber has a cross-section which is funnel-shaped in the direction of the outlet opening. It is advantageous to provide in the chamber a sensor for detecting pressure waves, so that the pressure wave generation can be monitored there.
  • the sensor is conveniently designed as a pressure sensor and arranged in a portion of the chamber, which tapers in a funnel shape in the direction of the outlet opening.
  • the at least one nozzle may have a nozzle chamber whose cross-section is tapered towards the nozzle mouth. Extensive tests have shown that with the nozzle fluid pulses can be generated with a very large kinetic energy when the nozzle chamber in front of the nozzle mouth has a conically tapered portion with an obtuse angle ⁇ , preferably an opening angle ⁇ in the range 105 ° ⁇ ⁇ 180 °.
  • the at least one nozzle has a cylindrical, preferably circular cylindrical nozzle chamber with an opening arranged on the front side in the nozzle mouth.
  • the fluid pulses that can be generated with such a nozzle are particularly suitable for removing material from aluminum materials. Due to cavitation, such a nozzle makes it possible to form fluid droplets which are particularly suitable for removing material and which are then contained in the pulsating fluid jet.
  • a measuring device for detecting material removed from a workpiece with a fluid jet it is possible to monitor the removal of material caused by the pulsating fluid jet.
  • these coatings require that the surface of these assemblies be prepared for coating, ie usually roughened or activated.
  • the surface Such workpieces are also mechanically machined by means of cutting tools in preparation for the coating.
  • An idea of the invention against this background is also that with a pulsating fluid jet in the surface of a workpiece structures can be produced which improve the adhesion of a coating on the surface and in particular allow the coating can be loaded with very large shear forces. It has namely been e.g. It has been shown that in particular the coating of aluminum materials by means of thermal spraying methods, such as flame spraying, plasma spraying, atmospheric plasma spraying or electric arc wire spraying, in particular, can significantly improve the tribological properties of aluminum assemblies.
  • the arc wire spraying for example, makes it possible to coat aluminum assemblies with an iron-based alloy having a carbon content of between 0.8 and 0.9 weight percent and containing dispersive friction reducing fillers in the form of graphite, molybdenum disulfide or tungsten disulfide. Coating materials also reduces the weight of engine components and allows compact designs, such as cylinder crankcases, in which the cylinder bores are at a reduced distance from each other compared to conventional housings.
  • One or more devices according to the invention for generating a fluid jet in a system for applying workpieces with fluid which contains a controllable device for adjusting the pressure of the fluid supplied from the conduit system and the one with the Apparatus for adjusting the pressure and the pressure wave generating means connected to a computer unit
  • Data memory has, in which a parameter map for the application-specific adjustment of the fluid pressure and / or the amplitude and / or the frequency of the pressure wave generating device can be generated with the fluid pressure waves is stored.
  • the parameter map can also be a favorable nozzle rotation speed depending on a material to be machined, in particular substrate and / or a given workpiece geometry and / or a workpiece surface finish, in particular a workpiece surface roughness, and / or a kind of workpiece contamination and / or a machining distance of a workpiece to be processed may be stored by the at least one nozzle mouth of the device.
  • an advantageous angle of a pulsating high-pressure fluid jet generated by a corresponding device to a workpiece surface can also be stored in the parameter map.
  • such a system includes a manipulator to move a fluid-to-be-pressurized workpiece relative to the device or apparatus relative to the workpiece.
  • the manipulator can perform completely free movements, in particular linear movements or free movement of curves.
  • an articulated robot with six axes of movement is provided as a manipulator.
  • One idea of the invention is also that it can be produced with a pulsating fluid jet, eg with an inventive device, to activate a surface of a workpiece for flame spraying or plasma spraying or arc wire spraying or to prepare it for gluing.
  • a pulsating fluid jet eg with an inventive device
  • One finding of the invention is, in particular, that the preparation of the wall of a bore in a workpiece, in particular the adhesive properties of a workpiece surface produced by means of electric arc wire spraying, can be optimized if the nozzle is generated at an angle ⁇ with 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ 60 ° , Preferably ß ⁇ 45 °, is applied to the local surface normal of the wall inclined direction with a pulsating high-pressure fluid jet, and the nozzle is rotatably relative to the workpiece about the axis of the bore and translationally displaced in the direction of the axis of the bore ,
  • the distance of the nozzle opening to the workpiece surface is favorably between 10 mm and 150 mm.
  • a section of a workpiece can be finished by applying a surface coating to the workpiece in a first step and then, in a second step, processing and / or partially removing the coating by means of a pulsating fluid jet.
  • This fluid jet can be generated in particular with a device according to the invention.
  • the inventors have also recognized that the surface of a workpiece can be activated by means of a pulsating fluid jet, in particular by means of a pulsating fluid jet generated by a device according to the invention, in order to achieve the adhesive properties for the coating on the surface and the mechanical or thermal resilience to increase the coating.
  • a pulsating fluid jet which can be produced for example with a device according to the invention, the surface of an existing at least partially made of aluminum or aluminum alloy or magnesium alloys workpiece on this by means of thermal spraying (Arc wire spraying, LDS, plasma spraying, etc.) to apply a surface coating of ferrous material and then with a pulsating fluid jet, eg from a ner device according to the invention to edit.
  • thermal spraying Arc wire spraying, LDS, plasma spraying, etc.
  • a finding of the inventors is also that by means of a pulsating fluid jet, which can be produced, for example, with a device according to the invention, the surface of a at least partially made of steel or gray cast workpiece can be activated to apply thereto by means of laser wire welding a surface coating of nickel-containing material , Moreover, it is an idea of the inventors that a coating applied to a workpiece made of steel or cast iron, aluminum, an aluminum alloy or a magnesium alloy is processed in the form of laser-wire-welded ferrous or nickel-containing material with a pulsating fluid jet can, in particular with a pulsating fluid jet from a device according to the invention. In the context of the invention, it may be provided in particular to first apply a large surface area over a surface coating and then subsequently to remove it again in small areas in edge regions.
  • FIG. 1 shows a system with a device for generating a Pulsie- renden fluid jet with a workpiece.
  • Fig. 2 is a chamber for generating fluid pressure waves in the device
  • Fig. 3 is a length-adjustable line of the device for with
  • Pressurized fluid shows a nozzle which can be used in the device
  • FIG. 5 shows another nozzle which can be used in the device
  • FIG. 6 shows a nozzle which can be used in the device with a jet straightener
  • FIG. 7 shows a section of the nozzle shown in FIG. 6 along the line VII - VII;
  • FIG. 8 shows a device for generating a pulsating high-pressure fluid jet with nozzles arranged in a revolver
  • Fig. 9 shows a portion of a device for generating a in a
  • FIG. 10 shows a section of a further device for generating a pulsating high-pressure pulsating fluid jet in a gas stream with a nozzle
  • Fig. 1 1 shows a device for generating a pulsating high-pressure fluid jet with a nozzle rake
  • FIG. 12 shows a section of the device shown in FIG. 11 along the
  • the system 10 in FIG. 1 is designed to activate the surface 12 of a cylindrical recess 14 in a workpiece 15 by means of pulsating fluid jets 16, 18 of water.
  • the system 10 has a device 20 with a chamber 22 in which a device 24 for generating fluid pressure waves 32 is formed.
  • the device 24 is connected to a controllable frequency generator 31.
  • the device 24 contains a piezoelectric crystal 28, which acts as an electromechanical transducer and is connected to a sonotrode 30.
  • the sonotrode 30 in the water pressure waves 32 can be generated at a frequency v, which is preferably in the range 10 kHz ⁇ v ⁇ 50 kHz.
  • the piezoelectric crystal 28 is subjected to a high-frequency alternating voltage from a frequency generator 31.
  • the frequency generator 31 is designed for generating ultrasonic frequencies, preferably ultrasonic frequencies in the range 10 kHz ⁇ v ⁇ 50 kHz.
  • the wavelength ⁇ of the pressure waves 32 in the line system 36 can be varied.
  • the chamber 22 is preferably tuned to a wavelength range of the fluid pressure waves 32 that can be generated with the sonotrode 30. For fluid pressure waves 32 in this wavelength range, the chamber 22 then acts as a resonance chamber.
  • the chamber 22 has an outlet opening 34 to a conduit system 36 which connects the chamber 22 with nozzles 38, 40.
  • the piping system 36 has a chamber-side section 42 and includes a nozzle-side section 44.
  • the chamber-side section 42 and the nozzle-side section 44 are connected by means of a pivot joint 46.
  • the nozzle-side section 44 can be moved by means of a motorized rotary drive 48 about an axis coaxial to the fluid channel 50 axis oscillating and / or rotationally by means of a drive motor 54 by motor.
  • the nozzles 38, 40 are located in the nozzle-side portion 44 of the conduit system 36 in line branches 56, 58, which are separated from each other.
  • the fluid channel 60 formed in the nozzle-side section 44 is branched into the line branches 56, 58.
  • conduit branch 56 and the conduit branch 58 there is in each case a conduit section with a length-adjustable conduit 62, 64.
  • the adjustable conduit 62, 64 includes a first conduit section 66, 68 and has an at least partially received in the first conduit section 66, 68 and the second conduit 70, 72 communicating therewith.
  • the second conduit 70, 72 can be displaced coaxially relative to the first conduit 66, 68 in the longitudinal direction 74, 76 corresponding to the double arrow 78, 80.
  • the effective path length 26 for pressure waves 32 between the outlet opening 34 and the workpiece side facing away from the nozzle mouth 82, 84 of the nozzles 38, 40 can be adjusted.
  • the movement play for the line piece 70, 72 is tuned to the wavelength of the pressure waves 32.
  • the movement play is favorably at least half a wavelength of the pressure waves 32. It is preferably in a range between 40 mm and 300 mm.
  • the conduit 43 can be displaced coaxially translationally by means of an adjusting device 47 relative to the conduit 45.
  • the adjusting device 47 makes it possible to set the effective path length 26 for the pressure waves 32 in the line system 36.
  • the adjusting device 47 can be adjusted by means of a (electric) motor drive (not shown).
  • a (electric) motor drive not shown.
  • the adjusting device 47 thus acts as an adjusting device for adjusting, ie adjusting the amplitude A P of the fluid pressure waves 22 in the line system 36 in front of the at least one nozzle mouth 125.
  • the adjustable lines 62, 64 also act as adjusting devices for controlling the amplitude A P of fluid pressure waves 32 in front of the corresponding nozzle mouth of the nozzle 38, 40.
  • the chamber-side portion and the nozzle-side portion are made in one piece.
  • the nozzle-side portion is mounted translationally displaceable on the chamber-side portion, without which a rotary joint is provided with a rotary drive.
  • the translational movement of the nozzle-side section is realized manually and / or by means of spring force, by means of an electromagnet and / or by means of an electric linear motor.
  • the adjustable frequency generator 31 is also such a setting device.
  • the frequency v of the alternating voltage generated by means of the frequency generator 31 it is possible to set the wavelength ⁇ of the pressure waves 32 in the line system 36 and thus the amplitude A P of the fluid pressure waves 22 in the line system 36, for example in front of the nozzle mouth 125.
  • the effective line cross-section 86, 88 of the lines in the line system 36 decreases monotonously toward the nozzle mouth 82, 84 of the nozzles 38, 40. This causes the oscillation amplitude for the pressure of a pressure wave 32 in the direction of the guided according to the arrow 90 through the line 36 fluid idstroms to the nozzles 38, 40 increases towards.
  • the device 20 can be formed in a further modified embodiment with only one nozzle or with a plurality of nozzles.
  • the device 20 can be implemented with a frequency generator 31 whose frequency v can be varied without the line system containing length-adjustable lines.
  • the system 10 includes a pressure pump 91 and includes a reservoir 92 having a funnel-shaped outlet 93 for collecting fluid that passes from the nozzles 38, 40 to the workpiece 15.
  • the pressure pump 91 With the pressure pump 91, the fluid for generating pulsating fluid jets in the system 10 is circulated in a circuit.
  • the pressure pump 91 is designed so that in chamber 22, a fluid pressure in the range between 40 bar and 150 bar and preferably a fluid pressure in the order of 100 bar can be generated and adjusted.
  • the frequency v, and the amplitude A P of the pressure waves By adjusting the fluid pressure in the chamber 22, the frequency v, and the amplitude A P of the pressure waves, the size and spacing of liquid droplets in fluid jets 16, 18 exiting the nozzle 38, 40 can be varied.
  • the system 10 may instead of the pressure pump 91, a device with a high pressure pump for the Supplying high-pressure fluid contained in the conduit system 36 of the device, which ensures a fluid pressure which can be up to 3000 bar.
  • a high-pressure pump is suitable, which provides a fluid pressure between 300 bar and 600 bar.
  • Fig. 2 shows the chamber 22 for generating the fluid pressure waves 32 in the device 10.
  • the chamber 22 has an opening 94 for supplying pressurized fluid from the high-pressure pump 91st
  • the opening 94 is arranged separately from the outlet opening 34 in a lateral section of the chamber 22.
  • the chamber 22 may be vented through an opening 96 with a controllable vent valve 98.
  • the sonotrode 30 is located in the chamber 22 in a dead water region 33 at a distance from the flow 35 of the fluid supplied through the opening 94 into the chamber 22 in the direction of the outlet opening 34.
  • the chamber 22 is formed in the section 99 with a funnel-shaped tapered cross-section.
  • the amplitude A P of the pressure waves 32 generated by the sonotrode 30 of the device 24 is amplified.
  • the graph 100 in FIG. 2 shows with the curve 101 the amplitude of the pressure of a pressure wave 32 in the chamber 22 as a function of the distance z from the surface 26 of the sonotrode 28.
  • a pressure sensor 102 In the chamber 22 is conveniently located a pressure sensor 102.
  • the pressure sensor 102 is disposed in the portion 99 of the chamber 22.
  • the pressure sensor 102 is connected to a measuring device 103, which is a display unit 105 has.
  • the pressure sensor 102 can be used to detect the pressure fluctuations which are caused by the pressure waves 32 generated in the chamber 22 in the section 99.
  • the display unit 105 thus allows an operator to monitor the operation of the device 20.
  • the system 10 for monitoring the operation of the device 20 may also include a control computer 134 connected to the measuring device 103, which controls the device 24 for generating fluid pressure waves 32 and the pressure pump 91 as a function of the pressure fluctuation signal detected by the pressure sensor 102 ,
  • the erosion measuring device 20 in the system 10 e.g. the pulsating fluid jet 16, 18 exiting the nozzles 38, 40 is fed to an erosion meter (not shown).
  • This erosion measuring device contains a test membrane to which the fluid jet is directed. In a proper operation of the device 20, a certain amount of material per unit time is removed from this test membrane. In order to detect the removal of material from this test membrane, the erosion measuring device contains a tactile sensor.
  • a measuring device at a bypass to the outlet 93, which detects separated particles (for example a magnetic or optical particle counter), so that the function of the device 20 can be monitored in this way.
  • control computer 134 contains a data memory 135 in which a parameter map 136 for the application-specific adjustment of the fluid pressure P and / or the amplitude A P and / or the frequency v of the fluid pressure waves generated by the pressure wave generating means 32 and / or a nozzle rotation speed due a workpiece-specific application of the device 20 entered via an input unit 137 of the computer unit 136 is stored.
  • the parameter map 136 sets in particular information about, for example, an empirically determined relationship between the abovementioned operating parameters and at least one of the following application parameters:
  • Type of material or substrate to be machined workpiece geometry, target / actual workpiece surface finish, in particular workpiece surface roughness, type of workpiece contamination (eg chemical composition or hardness), machining distance of a workpiece to be machined for a particular nozzle diameter of the Nozzle mouth of the nozzles 38, 40.
  • control computer 134 is connected via a control line 138 to the pressure pump 91 and connected via lines 139, 140 to the measuring device 103 and the frequency generator 31.
  • master computer 134 e.g. the pressure that can be generated with the pressure pump can be regulated so that wear of the nozzles used in the device 20 is compensated by increasing the pump pressure.
  • FIG. 3 shows the section III of FIG. 1 with the length-adjustable line 62 in the device 20 in an enlarged view.
  • the second line piece 70 is screwed into a thread 104 on the first line piece 66.
  • the thread 104 is a fine thread.
  • the second line piece 70 can be displaced coaxially relative to the first line piece 66 corresponding to the double arrow 106.
  • the second line piece 70 can be fixed to the first line piece 66 by means of a lock nut 110 arranged on the thread 108 of the second line piece 70 which is designed as a fine thread.
  • the second line piece 70 passes through one arranged in the first line piece 66 Sealing ring 1 12, which prevents the escape of fluid between the first line piece 66 and the second line piece 70.
  • the nozzle 36 is received.
  • the nozzle 36 has an outside flange 1 14, which is pressed by means of a union nut 1 16 against a arranged on the end face 1 18 of the second line piece 70 sealing ring 1 19.
  • Fig. 4 shows a further nozzle 39 for use in the device.
  • the nozzle 39 has a nozzle body 120 with a nozzle chamber 122 and a nozzle mouth 125.
  • the nozzle mouth 125 has a length L M , which is preferably about 6 mm.
  • the nozzle mouth 125 is conveniently in the form of a hollow cylinder.
  • the hollow cylinder has a diameter D M , which is preferably in the range between 0.5 mm and 3 mm and advantageously 1 mm.
  • the nozzle chamber 122 is formed with a cross-section which tapers conically towards the nozzle mouth 125.
  • the opening angle ⁇ of the cone in the section 126 of conically tapered cross section is obtuse.
  • the pulsating high-pressure fluid jet can be generated with fluid droplets which have a particularly favorable shape for the removal of material.
  • the nozzle 39 high-pressure fluid jet pulses with liquid droplets can then be generated even at a fluid pressure in a range between 300 bar and 600 bar, whose kinetic energy is so great that thus efficient removal of material is possible in particular on metallic materials.
  • FIG. 5 shows a nozzle 150 which has a nozzle body 151 with a nozzle chamber 152 designed as a circular cylinder.
  • the nozzle chamber 152 has an axially disposed end opening 154 in the nozzle mouth 156.
  • the nozzle mouth 156 is designed as a bore.
  • the diameter D B of the bore of the nozzle mouth is about 1/3 of the diameter D z of the nozzle chamber.
  • the nozzle mouth 156 has a length L M which is about 6 mm.
  • nozzles for use in the device 20 are basically also so-called flat jet nozzles, star nozzles, square nozzles, triangular nozzles or nozzles that produce a fluid jet in the form of an omnidirectional.
  • An advantage of the device described above is that little or no cavitation occurs when operating with high-pressure liquid in the nozzles, so that then the wear of nozzles in the device is comparatively low.
  • Fig. 6 shows a further nozzle 170 for use in the device.
  • the nozzle 170 has a nozzle body 171 with a nozzle chamber 172 and a nozzle mouth 173.
  • the nozzle mouth has a length L M which is about 6 mm and a diameter D H s 1 mm.
  • the nozzle chamber 172 is formed with a cross-section which tapers conically towards the nozzle mouth 173.
  • the opening angle ⁇ of the cone in the section 173 of conically tapered cross section is acute.
  • a favorable value for the opening angle ⁇ of the cone is: ⁇ ⁇ 58 °.
  • the nozzle 170 includes a jet director 175.
  • FIG. 7 shows a section of the nozzle 170 along the line VII - VII in FIG. 6.
  • the jet director 175 separates the Nozzle chamber 172 in the section 176 into four separate flow channels 177th
  • the fluid circulated in the system 10 is freed of dirt particles. Particles and coating parts detached from a workpiece 15 are rinsed out of the workpiece in the system 10 with rinsing devices (not shown) and collected together with the fluid in a dirt tank in the device 130.
  • the device 130 includes a filter system. With this filter system, the fluid supplied to the device 130 can remove the particles and contaminants detached from the workpiece, so as not to damage the device 20 for generating a pulsating fluid jet.
  • FIG. 8 shows a system 210 for activating the surface 212 of cylinder head bores 214 in a cylinder crankcase 215 by means of pulsating high-pressure water jets 216.
  • the line system 236 is formed with a tool section 202 with a tool head 204, in which several re nozzles 238, 240 are added.
  • the tool section 202 is arranged in the line system 236 by means of an automatically operable coupling device 206.
  • the coupling device 206 enables the automatic replacement of the tool section 202 with a quick-change device (not shown) having a revolving magazine in which different tool heads are provided, which can be used in a device 220.
  • the nozzles 238, 240 may be e.g. have a geometry described with reference to FIGS. 4, 5, 6 and 7.
  • the tool section 258 with the tool head 204 can be rotated about the axis 229 by means of a drive not further shown.
  • the nozzles 238, 240 are supplied with water, which is supplied to the device 220 with a high-pressure pump 291.
  • the conduit system 236 of the device 220 includes an adjusting device 247.
  • the industrial robot 21 1 is a multi-axis manipulator for moving a workpiece in the form of a cylinder crankcase 215 relative to the device 220.
  • an industrial robot may be provided with the device 220 for generating pulsating high-pressure Fluid jets by means of a handling device, in particular an industrial robot to move relative to the workpiece.
  • the cylinder crankcase 215 With the industrial robot 21 1, the cylinder crankcase 215 to the device 220 according to the double arrow 217 and lowered. With the pulsating high-pressure water jets 216 from the nozzles arranged in the turret 227, the surface of the material in the wall of the cylinder head bores 214 for an arc plasma coating activated by an adhesive structure is introduced into this surface.
  • FIG. 9 shows a portion of a device 320 for generating a pulsating high pressure fluid jet 316 which is enveloped in a gas stream 317.
  • the assemblies in the device 320 which correspond to assemblies in the device 20 described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4, are identified in FIG. 6 by number numbers increased by the number 300.
  • the wrapping of the pulsating high-pressure fluid jet 316 in the gas stream 317 allows workpieces to be machined with the high pressure fluid jet 316 submerged in a liquid bath.
  • the device 320 has a nozzle 336 formed on a line piece 370.
  • the line piece 370 is guided linearly movably in the line piece 366. It can be relocated according to the double arrow 378, so the effective path length of pressure waves between a chamber for generating pressure waves (not shown) and the side of the nozzle mouth 325 facing away from the workpiece can be adjusted.
  • the line piece 370 is arranged in a nozzle 369 with a nozzle chamber 371, which has an opening 373 for supplying pressurized gaseous medium from a line 375 and which has an outlet opening 377, from which the gas stream 317 emerges.
  • the nozzle chamber 369 and the line piece 370 can be displaced relative to each other according to the double arrow 379.
  • FIG. 10 shows a section of a further device 380 for generating a pulsating high-pressure pulsed fluid jet 390 with a nozzle 382.
  • the nozzle 382 has a nozzle chamber 384 with an axially arranged frontal opening 386 in the nozzle mouth 388.
  • the nozzle mouth 388 is designed as a hole.
  • the diameter D B of the bore of the nozzle mouth is about 1 mm.
  • the nozzle mouth 388 has a preferably rounded phase with the radius of curvature r ⁇ 0.1 mm.
  • the workpiece-facing portion 381 of the nozzle 382 is configured as a funnel which widens in the direction of a pulsating fluid jet 390 emerging from the nozzle mouth 388 and has the aperture angle ⁇ ⁇ 60 °.
  • the shape of the workpiece-facing portion 381 of the nozzle 382 causes a gas flow passing along the outer wall 393 of the nozzle 382 to flow when the nozzle is in a liquid bath (not shown) removes liquid bath liquid from region 395 in front of the funnel-shaped section so that a pulsating high-pressure fluid jet can exit the nozzle orifice 388 unhindered and strike a workpiece located near die 382.
  • FIG. 1 1 shows a device 420 for generating a pulsating high-pressure fluid jet 416, 417, 418 and 419.
  • the device 420 has a chamber 422 with a device 424 for generating fluid pressure waves 432.
  • the device 420 has a Line system 436 having a chamber side portion 442 and a nozzle side portion 444.
  • the nozzle side portion 444 may be displaced relative to the chamber side portion 442 with an adjuster 447 corresponding to the double arrow 448.
  • FIG. 12 shows a section of the device 420 along line XII-XII in FIG. 11.
  • nozzle-side portion 444 of the conduit system 436 there is a branched in the form of a rake line 438 with four nozzles, which are integrated into the line 438.
  • the nozzles integrated in the line 438 each have a nozzle body 450, 452, 454 and 456 which can be displaced in accordance with the double arrow 460 and has a nozzle mouth.
  • the devices and systems described are particularly suitable for activating a workpiece surface, so that it can be coated by means of flame spraying or plasma spraying or electric arc wire spraying.
  • the inventors have recognized that the microstructures with undercuts can be produced in the surface of workpieces by means of a corresponding pulsating high-pressure fluid jet. Thermal coatings which are applied to such a surface adhere particularly well here, because the molten particles can easily penetrate into these microstructures during coating due to the kinetic energy and due to capillary action, but then solidify there.
  • a coating applied to a workpiece surface activated by means of a device and installation according to the invention therefore has, in particular, a high adhesive tensile strength, which may well be 30 MPa or more.
  • the surface to be coated of the workpiece is dried after activation in a device or equipment according to the invention, for example by panning, by air drying or by vacuum drying.
  • the inventors have recognized that a particularly good adhesion for a layer applied to the surface of a workpiece by means of flame spraying or plasma spraying or electric arc wire spraying can be achieved by first providing the surface of the workpiece with a pulsating high-pressure fluid jet in a device according to the invention. Layer is roughened to roughen this surface, and then the roughened surface of the workpiece with a defined contact pressure to rollers.
  • the inventors have found that by rolling the mesoscopic projections of a roughened surface can be deformed and compressed so that this microstructures arise with undercuts, which have a high mechanical stability and in which the molten particles can easily penetrate during coating.
  • the devices and systems described are also suitable for the machining of workpiece coatings, such as for the removal of overspray on workpieces that have been subjected to a coating process.
  • the edges of coating sections on a workpiece can be processed in a defined manner. In particular, edges can thus be produced which form a 45 ° angle with the workpiece surface.
  • a finding of the inventors is also that with a pulsating high-pressure fluid jet in the coating of workpieces, such as a means of Lichtbogendrahtspntzen (LDS) generated coating on the cylinder head surfaces of internal combustion engines, a bevel can be introduced without here as in the processing with cutting tools There is a risk that this coating will detach from the workpiece during processing with the pulsating high-pressure fluid jets.
  • a pulsating high-pressure fluid jet in the coating of workpieces such as a means of Lichtbogendrahtspntzen (LDS) generated coating on the cylinder head surfaces of internal combustion engines
  • the devices and systems according to the invention are suitable, in particular, for processing a workpiece surface produced by means of flame spraying or plasma spraying or arc wire spraying and / or for Deburring of a workpiece and / or for the removal of dirt from a workpiece and / or for the removal of layers on a workpiece.
  • the devices and systems according to the invention are also suitable for roughening workpiece surfaces in order to prepare them for a material-fit joining (gluing, welding, soldering).
  • the devices and installations according to the invention may e.g. be operated with fluid in the form of wash liquor and / or water and / or emulsion, in particular water-oil emulsion and / or oil.
  • fluid in the form of wash liquor and / or water and / or emulsion, in particular water-oil emulsion and / or oil.
  • portions of workpieces or workpieces are at least partially made of aluminum or magnesium, wherein the surface coating is applied by laser wire welding iron-containing material or the workpiece consists at least partially of steel or gray cast iron and the surface coating with - Laser-wire welding applied nickel-containing material.
  • the surface of workpieces can also be compacted by applying a pulsating fluid jet to the workpiece.
  • the inventors have recognized in particular that by treating cylinder crankcases made of die-cast aluminum, the voids interfering with a coating in the region of the cylinder running surfaces can be closed off with water using a pulsating high-pressure fluid jet of water.
  • the invention relates to a device 20 for the Generating a pulsating fluid jet 16, 18 from pressurized fluid.
  • the apparatus 20 includes a conduit system 36 having at least one nozzle 38, 40 having a nozzle mouth 125 from which a pulsating fluid jet of pressurized fluid may exit.
  • the device 20 has a chamber 22 in which a pressure wave generating means 24 for generating fluid pressure waves 32 is formed.
  • the chamber 22 communicates with the conduit system 36 through an exit port 34 for the fluid pressure waves 32 generated.
  • the apparatus 20 includes an adjuster 31, 47, 62, 64 for controlling the amplitude A P of the fluid pressure waves 22 in the conduit system 36 The at least one nozzle mouth 125.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif (20) destiné à produire un jet pulsé de fluide (16, 18) sous pression à partir d'un fluide sous pression. Le dispositif (20) comprend un système de conduites (36) qui possède au moins une buse (38, 40) comportant une embouchure (125) de laquelle peut sortir un jet (16) fait d'un fluide sous pression. Le dispositif (20) possède une chambre (22) dans laquelle est configuré un dispositif de production d'ondes de pression (24) destiné à produire des ondes de pression de fluide (32). La chambre (22) communique avec le système de conduites (36) par une ouverture de sortie (34) des ondes de pression de fluide (32). Selon la présente invention, le dispositif (20) comprend un dispositif de réglage (31, 47, 62, 64) destiné à régler l'amplitude AP des ondes de pression de fluide (32) dans le système de conduites (36) en amont de ladite au moins une embouchure (125). Grâce au dispositif de réglage (31, 47, 62, 64), il est possible de régler un nombre de Helmholtz He = L / λ à partir du quotient de la longueur parcourue L par les ondes de pression de fluide (32) entre l'ouverture de sortie (34) de la chambre (22) et ladite au moins une embouchure (125) de ladite au moins une buse (38, 40) dans le système de conduites (36) et la longueur d'onde λ des ondes de pression de fluide (32) dans le système de conduites (36).
EP12725005.8A 2011-08-11 2012-05-31 Dispositif de production d'un jet pulsé de fluide sous pression Active EP2741862B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201110080852 DE102011080852A1 (de) 2011-08-11 2011-08-11 Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen eines pulsierenden mit Druck beaufschlagten Fluidstrahls
PCT/EP2012/060208 WO2013020732A1 (fr) 2011-08-11 2012-05-31 Dispositif de production d'un jet pulsé de fluide sous pression

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EP2741862A1 true EP2741862A1 (fr) 2014-06-18
EP2741862B1 EP2741862B1 (fr) 2018-09-05

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EP (1) EP2741862B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN103857475B (fr)
BR (1) BR112014003105A8 (fr)
DE (1) DE102011080852A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX344279B (fr)
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WO (1) WO2013020732A1 (fr)

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MX344279B (es) 2016-12-08
RU2014108917A (ru) 2015-09-20
US9914238B2 (en) 2018-03-13
RU2608488C2 (ru) 2017-01-18
DE102011080852A1 (de) 2013-02-14
EP2741862B1 (fr) 2018-09-05
BR112014003105A8 (pt) 2018-08-14
BR112014003105A2 (pt) 2017-02-21
WO2013020732A1 (fr) 2013-02-14
CN103857475B (zh) 2016-08-24
US20140165807A1 (en) 2014-06-19
MX2014001620A (es) 2014-05-28
CN103857475A (zh) 2014-06-11

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