EP2739895A1 - Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante - Google Patents
Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolanteInfo
- Publication number
- EP2739895A1 EP2739895A1 EP12744110.3A EP12744110A EP2739895A1 EP 2739895 A1 EP2739895 A1 EP 2739895A1 EP 12744110 A EP12744110 A EP 12744110A EP 2739895 A1 EP2739895 A1 EP 2739895A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- insulating
- layer
- heat
- vessel
- foam
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000013521 mastic Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000018185 Betula X alpestris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000018212 Betula X uliginosa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001374 Invar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011494 foam glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004619 high density foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004620 low density foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
- B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
- B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
- B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
- B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
- F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
- F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
- F17C3/027—Wallpanels for so-called membrane tanks
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
- F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
- F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/05—Size
- F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
- F17C2203/0329—Foam
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
- F17C2203/0329—Foam
- F17C2203/0333—Polyurethane
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
- F17C2203/0354—Wood
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
- F17C2203/0358—Thermal insulations by solid means in form of panels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0352—Pipes
- F17C2205/0355—Insulation thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
- F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
- F17C2209/227—Assembling processes by adhesive means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
- F17C2260/031—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer
- F17C2260/033—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer by enhancing insulation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
- F17C2270/0105—Ships
- F17C2270/0107—Wall panels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
- F17C2270/011—Barges
- F17C2270/0113—Barges floating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
- F17C2270/0118—Offshore
- F17C2270/0123—Terminals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
- F17C2270/0136—Terminals
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of sealed and thermally insulating tanks arranged in a bearing structure for containing a cold fluid, in particular to membrane tanks for containing liquefied gases.
- Sealed and thermally insulating tanks are known arranged in the hull of a ship for the transport of a liquefied natural gas (LNG) with a high methane content.
- LNG liquefied natural gas
- Such a tank is disclosed for example in FR-A-2867831.
- a primary insulating barrier and a secondary insulating barrier are formed in a modular form using juxtaposed wooden parallelepiped boxes.
- the crates are filled with an expanded perlite insulation or aerogels.
- FR-A-2798902 discloses another LNG tank arranged in the hull of a ship in which a primary insulating barrier and a secondary insulating barrier each consist of a single layer of caissons filled with low density foam blocks, order of 33 to 40 kg / m3 glued to wooden plywood spacers.
- the invention provides a sealed and thermally insulating tank arranged in a supporting structure for containing a fluid, in which a wall of the tank comprises at least one sealed barrier and at least one insulating barrier disposed between the sealed barrier. and the supporting structure,
- the insulating barrier comprises a first set of heat insulating elements juxtaposed to form a first layer and a second set of heat insulating elements juxtaposed to form a second layer located between the first layer and the supporting structure
- a heat insulating element of the first layer comprising in each case a box filled with an insulating packing consisting essentially of mineral or organic wool, aerogels or low-density polymer foam, or other non-rigid insulating materials
- a heat insulating element of the second layer comprising in each case a block of high density polymer foam.
- such a tank may comprise one or more of the following provisions.
- the low density polymer foam has a density of less than 50 kg / m3.
- the low density polymer foam may be selected from the group consisting of polyurethane foam and polyvinyl chloride foam.
- the high density polymer foam has a density greater than 100 kg / m3.
- the high density polymer foam may be selected from the group consisting of polyurethane foam and glass fiber reinforced polyurethane foam.
- the insulating lining of the heat insulating element of the first layer further comprises anti-convection strips, for example strips of paper or synthetic film, on which the mineral wool is glued to reduce the convection in the box.
- a heat insulating element of the first layer and a heat insulating element of the second layer each have the same dimensions in a plane of the tank wall and are arranged in an aligned manner, and integral retaining members of the supporting structure are arranged at the corners of the aligned heat-insulating elements and cooperate with edge pieces of the heat-insulating elements of the first layer to retain the aligned heat-insulating elements of the two layers of the insulating barrier against the supporting structure, a heat-insulating element of the second layer each comprising rigid battens extending in the direction of the thickness of the block of high density polymer foam at the corners of the block of high density polymer foam to resume the efforts of the retaining members.
- the heat insulating element of the first layer and the heat insulating element of the second aligned layer are fixed one on the other and form a prefabricated insulating module.
- the heat insulating element of the second layer comprises a plywood cover panel attached to the foam block.
- the cover panel may include an inner fir wood ply and an outer birch ply. Birch wood has better mechanical strength than fir wood, which is better thermal insulator. This combination thus offers a compromise advantageous as regards the properties of mechanical strength and thermal insulation.
- cords of mastic placed on a lower surface of the heat insulating element of the second layer bear against the supporting structure so as to compensate for flatness defects of the carrier structure.
- the heat insulating element of the second layer comprises a rigid bottom panel fixed under the foam block, the cords of mastic being fixed on the bottom panel.
- the casing of the heat insulating element of the first layer comprises a bottom panel, lateral sails fixed to said bottom panel and protruding perpendicularly from one side of the bottom panel to delimit the outline of a internal space of the box, a plurality of mutually parallel internal partitions perpendicular to said bottom panel which extend between the side walls so as to divide said interior space into a plurality of compartments in which the heat-insulating lining is arranged, and a panel of lid supported and fixed on an upper edge of the side walls and internal partitions parallel to the bottom panel and at a distance thereof to close ⁇ interior space of the box.
- an internal wall of the box comprises a hollow structure consisting of two walls fixed to one another spaced apart and parallel by means of spacers arranged between the two walls.
- the wall of the tank comprises successively a primary waterproof membrane intended to be in contact with the fluid, a primary insulating barrier, secondary waterproof membrane and secondary insulating barrier,
- first layer and the second layer of heat insulating elements form the secondary insulating barrier between the secondary waterproof membrane and the supporting structure.
- the first layer is thinner than the second layer, which is advantageous when relatively expensive materials are used in the first layer.
- the primary insulating barrier consists of juxtaposed heat insulating elements, a heat insulating element of the primary insulating barrier comprising in each case a box filled with an insulating packing consisting essentially of mineral wool or perlite.
- the edges of the heat insulating elements of the primary insulating barrier are substantially aligned with the edges of the heat insulating elements of the secondary insulating barrier
- the integral retaining members of the supporting structure are arranged at the corners of the heat-insulating elements and cooperate with edge pieces of the heat-insulating elements of the primary insulating barrier and the secondary insulating barrier to retain the heat-insulating elements of the primary insulating barrier. against the secondary waterproof membrane and the heat insulating elements of the secondary insulating barrier against the supporting structure.
- the or each sealed membrane comprises parallel metal sheet strips whose longitudinal edges are raised projecting inwardly of the tank and parallel welding wings retained on the underlying thermal insulation barrier and projecting inwardly from the vessel each between two strips of sheet metal to form a sealed welded joint with the adjacent raised longitudinal edges.
- Such a tank can be part of an onshore storage facility, for example to store LNG or be installed in a floating structure, coastal or deepwater, including a LNG carrier, a floating unit of Storage and Regasification (FSRU), a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO) and others.
- FSRU floating unit of Storage and Regasification
- FPSO floating production and remote storage unit
- a vessel for the transport of a cold liquid product comprises a double hull and a aforementioned tank disposed in the double hull.
- the invention also provides a method of loading or unloading such a vessel, in which a cold liquid product is conveyed through isolated pipes from or to a floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
- the invention also provides a transfer system for a cold liquid product, the system comprising the abovementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged to connect the vessel installed in the hull of the vessel to a floating storage facility. or terrestrial and a pump for driving a flow of cold liquid product through the insulated pipelines from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
- An idea underlying the invention is to design a tank wall structure with advantageous properties as to thermal insulation, mechanical strength and cost.
- Some aspects of the invention start from the idea of choosing and positioning materials in the vessel wall structure according to temperature ranges where the thermal properties of these materials are the best.
- the invention starts from the observation that a cold fluid tank has relatively cooler wall portions located towards the inside of the tank in the direction of the thickness of the wall and relatively warmer wall portions located towards the outside of the tank.
- Some aspects of the invention start from the idea of designing an insulating barrier structure from selected materials for their compatibility with cryogenic conditions, particularly in the field of LNG, their extended life and relatively low cost.
- Certain aspects of the invention start from the idea of selecting relatively little or very little rigid materials, typically having a rigidity below 0.9 MPa in compression at room temperature, but good thermal insulators for filling caissons carrying an intermediate insulation layer, exploited for example in a temperature range of about -80 ° C to -110 ° C .
- FIG. 1 is a graph representing the thermal conductivity ⁇ as a function of temperature for a selection of materials that can be used in an LNG tank wall.
- Figure 2 is a partial perspective view of a sealed and insulating tank wall.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a foam block of the wall of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a heat insulating element comprising the foam block of FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an insulating box of the wall of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a set of partition walls that can be used in a variant of the box of FIG. 5.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing a temperature profile obtainable in the cell wall of FIG. 2.
- Figure 8 is a schematic cutaway representation of a LNG tank tank and a loading / unloading terminal of the tank.
- FIG. 1 shows the evolution of thermal conductivity as a function of temperature over a temperature range from about -162 ° C (atmospheric pressure LNG) to about 20 ° C for a selection of materials suitable for the construction of LNG tank
- the most appropriate materials from the point in terms of cost and safety of use in a LNG ship are generally mineral wool, including glass wool, polyurethane (PU) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foams with high and low density, possibly with embedded glass fibers, and perlite. Other polymeric foams are also conceivable.
- Table 1 shows the characteristic stiffness values according to the thickness direction of a foam block, for foams of different natures and densities.
- the high density foams 95 and 98 provide structural rigidity for using these materials as structural components, with or without stiffer reinforcing elements.
- Materials such as mineral wools and aerogels offer zero or negligible stiffness but can be used as a liner in a rigid box capable of resuming the pressure forces.
- organic wools for example synthetic or natural fibers, for example cellulose wadding, which have characteristics similar to mineral wools and can be used under the same conditions as these.
- Aerogels are an optimal choice in terms of thermal conductivity when one accepts their generally higher cost. This is particularly acceptable on a relatively thin layer.
- FIG 2 shows a sealed and thermally insulating wall in perspective cut away to show the structure of this wall.
- Such a structure can be implemented on large surfaces having various orientations, for example to cover bottom, ceiling and side walls of a tank.
- the orientation of Figure 1 is not limiting in this regard.
- the tank wall is attached to the wall of a load-bearing structure 1.
- the term “above” a position located closer to the inside of the tank and “below” a position located closer to the structure carrier 1, regardless of the orientation of the vessel wall relative to the earth's gravity field.
- the vessel wall comprises a secondary insulating barrier 2, a secondary impermeable barrier (not shown) retained on the top 3 of the secondary insulating barrier 2, a primary insulating barrier 4 retained on the secondary watertight barrier 2 and a primary impermeable barrier not shown retained on the top 5 of the primary insulating barrier 4.
- the secondary insulating barrier 2 consists of a plurality of parallelepipedal secondary insulating modules 6 which are arranged side by side, so as to substantially cover the inner surface of the carrier structure 1.
- a secondary insulating module consists of two parts: a block of foam 10 in the lower part close to the supporting structure 1 and a wooden box 11 filled with a non-structural seal in the upper part.
- the foam block 10 is shown in Figure 3. It is made of high density polymer foam, especially in the rigid foam 98 which has its most interesting thermal properties between -50 ° C and 20 ° C. It has an overall shape of rectangular parallelepiped with cut edges 12 in the corners to pass fasteners which will be described below.
- the cutting of the insulating block 10 is optimized so as to limit as far as possible the thermal chimneys present between the foam blocks.
- the only games present are the mounting sets and the passages of the fasteners in the corners.
- mastic cords (not shown) are installed between the supporting structure 1 and the lower surface of the blocks 10. These cords of mastic are for example glued on the lower surface of the blocks 10. They do not adhere to the support structure 1 due to the establishment of a kraft paper not shown between the carrier structure 1 and the sealant.
- the foam block 10 is provided with corner pillars 27 to take back part of the compression load in use and thus limit crushing and creep of the foam.
- the foam block 10 may also be provided with a cover panel 13 and / or a bottom panel 14, for example plywood.
- the bottom panel 14 is for example wood plywood 9mm thick. Such a panel allows a better distribution of the compressive stresses, a better hold of the cords of mastic and limits the local deterioration of the foam.
- the compressive stresses applied by the cords of mastic to the insulation are due to the static and dynamic pressure of the LNG of the tank.
- the use of the bottom panel 14 which distributes these stresses makes it possible to position the cords of mastic relatively freely with respect to the edges of the foam blocks 10.
- the cords of mastic may be corrugated cords as described in FIG. FR-A1-2931535.
- the bottom panel 14 may also be made of composite material resistant to bending and shearing.
- the assembly between the bottom panel 14 and the foam block 10 is made by gluing.
- the cover panel 13 adhered to the upper part of the foam block 10 also serves, where appropriate, to distribute the compressive stresses.
- the box 11 located in the upper part of the secondary insulating module 6 is shown in FIG. 5 without its cover panel 18, visible in FIG. 2.
- the box 11 comprises the cover panel 18, for example made of 9mm plywood , a bottom panel 17 also 9mm plywood, external sails 16 plywood and internal partitions anti- 15.
- the internal partitions 15 are plywood sails.
- the internal partitions 115 are hollow structures comprising spacing elements 20 sandwiched between two planar channels 21. Such a hollow structure allows a better mechanical strength.
- the interior space of the box 11 is filled with a not shown insulating lining made of glass wool or low density PVC foam.
- insulating lining made of glass wool or low density PVC foam.
- anti-convective elements are preferably integrated, for example in the form of sheets of paper on which the glass wool is glued.
- the box 11 with its lining can be entirely prefabricated.
- the bottom wall of the caissons 11 protrudes laterally on the two short sides of the caisson 11, so that in each corner of the caisson, on this projecting portion, cleats 9 are fixed which cooperate with the electrodes. fixing the boxes 30.
- the secondary insulating module 6 can be provided in the form of a prefabricated element in which the foam block 10 is bonded to the caisson 11. This bonding must at least hold during the installation. installation of insulating modules. Indeed, once installed, it is not necessary that this bonding is durable because the anchoring of the insulating barrier is achieved by the fasteners 30.
- a fastener 30 comprises a bushing 22 whose base is welded to the carrier structure 1 at a position corresponding to a clearance at the corners of four adjacent foam blocks.
- the bushing 22 carries a first rod 23 screwed to it.
- the rod 23 passes between the adjacent modules 6.
- a metal support plate 24 is mounted on the rod 23 to clamp the cleats 9 of the box 11 against the supporting structure 1 by means of a nut.
- a piece of plywood 25 is mounted on plate 24 of as a spacer between the plate 24 and an upper plate 26 and reduce the thermal bridge to the carrier structure. The height of this arrangement is determined so that the upper plate 26 comes flush with the cover panels 18 of the boxes 11.
- the compression force applied by the fastening member 30 to the insulating module 6 is entirely taken up by the corner pillars 27.
- the cover panels 18 of the insulating boxes 11 further comprise a pair of parallel grooves 31 in substantially inverted T-shape to receive welding wings in the shape of a square.
- the portion of the welding flanges projecting towards the top of the panels 18 allows the anchoring of the secondary sealing barrier not shown.
- the secondary sealing barrier consists of a plurality of Invar strakes with raised edges, having a thickness of the order of 0.7 mm. The raised edges of each strake are welded to the aforementioned welding wings.
- the primary insulating barrier 4 which consists of a plurality of primary insulating boxes 33.
- Each primary insulating box 33 consists of a rectangular parallelepiped box made of plywood, which is filled non-structural insulating material such as perlite or glass wool.
- the primary insulating boxes 33 also comprise internal partitions, a bottom panel and a top panel 5.
- the top panel 5 has two grooves 35 in the general shape of inverted T, to also receive a welding flange (not shown) on which are welded the raised edges of the strakes of the primary sealing barrier.
- the gap between two grooves 31 or 35 of the same box 11 or 33 corresponds to the width of a strake.
- the gap between the grooves and the adjacent edge of the same box corresponds to the half-width of a strake, so that a strake comes to overlap two adjacent boxes.
- the bottom panel of the primary insulating box 33 overflows on its short sides, so that cleats 34 abut the protruding portion of the bottom panel to cooperate with the fasteners 30.
- Thickness of primary insulation 230mm
- Thickness of the secondary insulation 300 mm, of which box 11: 125 mm and block of foam 10: 175 mm
- Line 41 of FIG. 7 represents the secondary sealed barrier and line 42 represents the interface between box 11 and foam block 10.
- box 11 operates in a temperature range [-110 ° C, -80 ° C] in which the thermal properties of the glass wool 94 or the low density PVC foam 97 are optimal.
- the foam block 10 is largely in a temperature range [-50 ° C, 5 ° C] in which the thermal properties of the high-density PU foam 98 are optimal. This results in a very good thermal behavior of the tank which limits the natural evaporation (boil-off) of LNG.
- Example 1 Glass wool Glass wool PU foam
- Airgel is an insulating material that can be packaged in various forms, for example powder, blanquette of synthetic fibers loaded with powder, spherical agglomerates (beads).
- the techniques described above for making a sealed and insulated wall can be used in different types of tanks, for example to form the wall of an LNG tank in a land installation or in a floating structure such as a LNG tank or other.
- a cutaway view of a LNG tank 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship.
- the wall of the tank 71 comprises a primary sealed barrier intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the tank, a secondary sealed barrier arranged between the primary waterproof barrier and the double shell
- 73 placed on the upper deck of the ship may be connected, by means of appropriate connectors, to a marine or port terminal to transfer a cargo of LNG to or from the tank 71.
- FIG. 5 represents an example of a marine terminal including a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipe 76 and a Installation on land 77.
- the loading and unloading station 75 is an off-shore fixed installation comprising a movable arm 74 and a tower 78 which supports the mobile arm 74.
- the movable arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 which can connect to the loading / unloading pipes 73.
- the movable arm 74 can be adapted to all the LNG carriers.
- a connection pipe (not shown) extends inside the tower 78.
- the loading and unloading station 75 enables the loading and unloading of the LNG tank 70 from or to the shore facility 77.
- the underwater line 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the onshore installation 77 over a large distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the tanker vessel 70 at great distance from the coast during the loading and unloading operations.
- pumps on board the ship 70 and / or pumps equipping the shore installation 77 and / or pumps equipping the loading and unloading station 75 are used.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1157024A FR2978748B1 (fr) | 2011-08-01 | 2011-08-01 | Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante |
PCT/FR2012/051768 WO2013017781A1 (fr) | 2011-08-01 | 2012-07-26 | Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2739895A1 true EP2739895A1 (fr) | 2014-06-11 |
EP2739895B1 EP2739895B1 (fr) | 2017-09-27 |
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EP12744110.3A Active EP2739895B1 (fr) | 2011-08-01 | 2012-07-26 | Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP2739895B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP6356602B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR101863989B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN103748401B (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2012291901B2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2647100T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2978748B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2013017781A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2019108344A1 (fr) | 2017-11-28 | 2019-06-06 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Boîtes d'isolation |
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FR3004508B1 (fr) * | 2013-04-11 | 2016-10-21 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Bloc isolant pour la fabrication d'une paroi de cuve etanche et isolante |
FR3017924B1 (fr) * | 2014-02-21 | 2016-08-26 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Procede et systeme d'inertage d'une paroi d'une cuve de stockage d'un gaz combustible liquefie |
FR3022971B1 (fr) * | 2014-06-25 | 2017-03-31 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Cuve etanche et isolante et son procede de fabrication |
CN105523309B (zh) * | 2014-09-29 | 2018-09-25 | 江南造船(集团)有限责任公司 | 一种液化气船上的b型独立液货舱的绝缘结构 |
CN104443282B (zh) * | 2014-10-24 | 2017-10-31 | 上海交通大学 | B型独立lng液货舱绝热层安装固定机构及固定方法 |
FR3030014B1 (fr) * | 2014-12-15 | 2017-10-13 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Bloc isolant convenant pour realiser une paroi isolante dans une cuve etanche |
FR3039248B1 (fr) * | 2015-07-24 | 2017-08-18 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante munie d'une piece de renfort |
FR3039499B1 (fr) * | 2015-07-29 | 2018-12-07 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Procede de pilotage d'un dispositif de pompage raccorde a une barriere thermiquement isolante d'une cuve de stockage d'un gaz liquefie |
CN105156877B (zh) * | 2015-08-17 | 2017-08-11 | 江苏兰宇保温科技有限公司 | 一种罐体保温层的制作方法 |
FR3052227B1 (fr) * | 2016-06-01 | 2018-12-07 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Bloc isolant et cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante integree dans une structure porteuse polyedrique |
KR101894935B1 (ko) * | 2016-06-24 | 2018-09-04 | 삼성중공업(주) | 액화가스 저장탱크, 이의 제조 방법 및 단열부재 제조 장치 |
CN106347575A (zh) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-01-25 | 南京林业大学 | 基于桦木胶合板的lng船用绝缘隔热箱 |
CN106272749A (zh) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-01-04 | 南京林业大学 | Lng船用胶合板的制备方法 |
FR3059653B1 (fr) * | 2016-12-01 | 2019-05-17 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Dispositif de construction d'une structure de bloc isolant |
CN106516017B (zh) * | 2016-12-21 | 2019-03-12 | 上海交通大学 | 液化天然气船b型液货舱的绝热系统及其构造方法 |
FR3069903B1 (fr) * | 2017-08-07 | 2019-08-30 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Cuve etanche et themiquement isolante |
FR3070747B1 (fr) * | 2017-09-04 | 2021-01-08 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante comportant une bande de couverture anti-convective |
FR3070745B1 (fr) * | 2017-09-04 | 2019-09-06 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante a element de remplissage anti-convectif |
WO2019077253A1 (fr) | 2017-10-20 | 2019-04-25 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante a plusieurs zones |
FR3072758B1 (fr) | 2017-10-20 | 2019-11-01 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante a plusieurs zones |
CN107792299B (zh) * | 2017-10-23 | 2019-05-14 | 上海交通大学 | 薄膜型液化天然气船用绝热箱及其构造方法 |
FR3084645B1 (fr) * | 2018-08-06 | 2021-01-15 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Structure d'angle pour une cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante |
KR102158648B1 (ko) * | 2018-12-20 | 2020-09-23 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | 액화천연가스 저장탱크의 단열벽 고정장치 |
FR3090810B1 (fr) * | 2018-12-21 | 2021-01-01 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Système d’ancrage pour cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante |
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NO312715B2 (no) * | 1999-10-27 | 2002-06-24 | Statoil Asa | System for offshore overforing av flytendegjort naturgass |
FR2867831B1 (fr) | 2004-03-17 | 2006-05-19 | Gaz Transport & Technigaz | Caisse autoporteuse en bois convenant pour le soutien et l'isolation thermique d'une membrane de cuve etanche |
JP4616279B2 (ja) * | 2004-12-08 | 2011-01-19 | コリア ガス コーポレイション | 液化天然ガスの保存タンク及びその製造方法 |
FR2931535B1 (fr) * | 2008-05-21 | 2010-08-20 | Gaztransp Et Technigaz | Fixation par collage de blocs isolants pour cuve de stockage de gaz liquefies a l'aide de cordons ondules |
-
2011
- 2011-08-01 FR FR1157024A patent/FR2978748B1/fr active Active
-
2012
- 2012-07-26 KR KR1020147005534A patent/KR101863989B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2012-07-26 WO PCT/FR2012/051768 patent/WO2013017781A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2012-07-26 ES ES12744110.3T patent/ES2647100T3/es active Active
- 2012-07-26 CN CN201280037642.8A patent/CN103748401B/zh active Active
- 2012-07-26 EP EP12744110.3A patent/EP2739895B1/fr active Active
- 2012-07-26 AU AU2012291901A patent/AU2012291901B2/en active Active
- 2012-07-26 JP JP2014523362A patent/JP6356602B2/ja active Active
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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None * |
See also references of WO2013017781A1 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2019108344A1 (fr) | 2017-11-28 | 2019-06-06 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Boîtes d'isolation |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP6356602B2 (ja) | 2018-07-11 |
FR2978748B1 (fr) | 2014-10-24 |
CN103748401B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
ES2647100T3 (es) | 2017-12-19 |
AU2012291901B2 (en) | 2015-10-29 |
KR101863989B1 (ko) | 2018-07-05 |
JP2014524547A (ja) | 2014-09-22 |
WO2013017781A1 (fr) | 2013-02-07 |
AU2012291901A1 (en) | 2014-03-06 |
EP2739895B1 (fr) | 2017-09-27 |
KR20140050705A (ko) | 2014-04-29 |
CN103748401A (zh) | 2014-04-23 |
FR2978748A1 (fr) | 2013-02-08 |
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