EP2728104B1 - Procédé de réalisation d'un forage horizontal dans le sol et dispositif de forage horizontal - Google Patents

Procédé de réalisation d'un forage horizontal dans le sol et dispositif de forage horizontal Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2728104B1
EP2728104B1 EP13005268.1A EP13005268A EP2728104B1 EP 2728104 B1 EP2728104 B1 EP 2728104B1 EP 13005268 A EP13005268 A EP 13005268A EP 2728104 B1 EP2728104 B1 EP 2728104B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drill pipe
section
drilling device
horizontal drilling
pipe section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP13005268.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2728104A1 (fr
Inventor
Elmar Koch
Sebastian Fischer
Andreas Joachim Hanses
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tracto Technik GmbH and Co KG
GRTgaz SA
Original Assignee
Tracto Technik GmbH and Co KG
GRTgaz SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Tracto Technik GmbH and Co KG, GRTgaz SA filed Critical Tracto Technik GmbH and Co KG
Priority to PL13005268T priority Critical patent/PL2728104T3/pl
Publication of EP2728104A1 publication Critical patent/EP2728104A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2728104B1 publication Critical patent/EP2728104B1/fr
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/046—Directional drilling horizontal drilling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
    • E21B19/20—Combined feeding from rack and connecting, e.g. automatically
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/02—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells by mechanically taking samples of the soil
    • E21B49/06—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells by mechanically taking samples of the soil using side-wall drilling tools pressing or scrapers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/28—Enlarging drilled holes, e.g. by counterboring
    • E21B7/30—Enlarging drilled holes, e.g. by counterboring without earth removal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for creating a horizontal hole in the ground and a horizontal drilling device for use in such a method.
  • Horizontal drilling devices are used to insert supply and disposal lines into the ground in a trenchless construction or to replace old lines that have already been laid without trenches.
  • Horizontal drilling devices are widely used, in which a drill head is initially driven obliquely into the ground using a drill rod and starting from a drill carriage positioned on the surface of the earth until the drill head reaches the desired drilling depth. The drill head is then switched to the horizontal in order to introduce the desired horizontal hole.
  • the target point of such a horizontal drilling can be, for example, in a target excavation specially excavated for this purpose or in a cellar room or it can also be, i.e. like the starting point, are on the surface of the earth.
  • the drill head is reversed in an obliquely upward direction in order to let the drill head emerge again on the surface of the earth.
  • an expansion device for example a conical expansion body, so that when the drill pipe is pulled back by means of the drill carriage, the previously created one Expand (pilot) hole. It can be provided that a new line to be pulled in is attached to the expanding device in order to pull it into the ground at the same time as the pilot hole is expanded.
  • Horizontal drilling devices are also used to trenchlessly replace old pipes laid in the ground.
  • the drill pipe is pushed from the drill carriage along the old pipe (and in particular through an old pipe) in a first step and, after reaching a target point, which may be in a maintenance shaft of the sewer system, for example, the front end of the drill pipe is connected to an expansion device the old pipe is cut or burst when the drill pipe is pulled back, the sections of the destroyed old pipe being radially displaced into the surrounding earth.
  • a new pipe can be pulled into the old pipe.
  • the new pipe can have an outer diameter which corresponds to or even exceeds the outer diameter of the old pipe.
  • an adapter to the front end of the drill pipe instead of a widening device, which acts on the rear end of the old pipe and pulls it out of the ground when the drill pipe is pulled back. This can prevent fragments of the old pipe from remaining in the ground, which could otherwise damage the new pipe due to the sharp-edged breaking edges in connection with the pressure exerted by the surrounding ground.
  • Horizontal drilling devices regularly have a linear drive, with which the drill pipe is driven into and withdrawn from the ground. Furthermore, a rotary drive is regularly provided, with which the drill pipe (and the associated drilling or expanding head) can be set in rotation. By rotating the drill head or the expanding device, the advance in the ground can be improved.
  • controllable horizontal drilling devices require rotation of the drilling head in order to be able to control it in the desired drilling direction.
  • the boring heads of such horizontal boring devices have an asymmetrically designed (for example beveled) boring head front, which leads to a lateral deflection of the boring head during the movement of the boring head through the earth. If the drill head is driven in rotation while driving in the ground, the asymmetrical design of the drill head has no effect on the straight-line drilling process, because the lateral deflection compensates for one revolution on average.
  • Horizontal drilling devices in which the drilling mount is intended for positioning on the surface of the earth, are often only suitable for use in non-urban areas, since these have to be positioned at a considerable distance from the area in some cases because of the drilling path required to achieve the desired drilling depth , in which the borehole or the new line is to be introduced into the ground or in which an existing line is to be replaced. Corresponding space conditions are often not available in built-up urban areas. Another disadvantage of such horizontal drilling devices is that these horizontal drilling devices, which are regularly designed as self-propelled drill carriages, generate considerable damage to the land, which must be remedied with a corresponding financial outlay.
  • trenchless pipeline construction in built-up areas is still largely limited to the trenchless replacement of old pipes, since the old pipes always extend between existing underground cavities (in particular supply shafts and basements) that can be used for the positioning of the horizontal drilling device.
  • Excavation work and consequent damage to the land can thus be largely avoided.
  • horizontal drilling devices have been developed that are dimensioned so that they can be positioned in a sewer supply shaft. Since new supply lines are often not to be laid along existing supply lines, it is often not possible to use these horizontal drilling devices for the new laying of supply lines.
  • a horizontal drilling device which is designed for use in small construction pits with a rectangular cross section of approximately 70 cm ⁇ 40 cm and a depth of approximately 1 m to 1.5 m.
  • This horizontal drilling device comprises a frame, the dimensions of which correspond approximately to the cross-sectional dimensions of the construction pit and which is lowered into the construction pit. Part of the frame protrudes beyond the top edge of the construction pit.
  • a combined one Linear / rotary drive is provided, via which a drill rod screwed together from individual rod sections is driven into the ground.
  • the rod sections which are gradually screwed onto the rear end of the drill pipe that has already been drilled, are fed to the linear / rotary drive via a rod lift, which pulls them from a rod magazine that is located in the upper section of the frame, which extends over the edge of the excavation pit is arranged, transported to the linear / rotary drive.
  • DE 101 59 712 A1 discloses a method and apparatus for making and expanding earth bores.
  • the object of the invention was to provide an improved horizontal drilling device.
  • An improved method for drilling a hole in the ground should also be specified.
  • a method and a corresponding horizontal boring device should be specified that enable horizontal bores to be flexibly drilled into the ground, starting from a relatively small construction pit.
  • the idea on which the invention is based is to provide a horizontal drilling device which has a circular cross section and this in an excavation pit to use, which also has a circular cross section with preferably approximately the same diameter. Due to the preferably cylindrical shape of the excavation pit and the horizontal drilling device arranged therein, the horizontal drilling device in the excavation pit can be rotated about the vertical axis and can thus be easily and precisely aligned in the desired drilling direction. It is not necessary to lift the horizontal drilling device out of the construction pit. Due to the circular cross-section, there are no special requirements for the alignment of the excavation pit in the ground. Because the construction pit and the section of the horizontal drilling device located within the construction pit each have a circular cross section with largely identical diameters, the excavation volume of the construction pit can be reduced to the required minimum. A cylindrical shape of the horizontal drilling device and the wall of the excavation surrounding it can also provide particularly large-area support for the horizontal drilling device within the excavation pit, regardless of the respective rotational orientation of the horizontal drilling device in the excavation pit.
  • the horizontal bore can be produced in any known manner, i.e. in particular by advancing or withdrawing a drill pipe on which a drill head or an expanding device can be arranged on the front, whereby, for example, either a (pilot) hole is drilled into the ground, an existing pipe is destroyed and / or replaced by a new pipe or one New line is pulled into a hole.
  • a horizontal drilling device in particular for use in a method according to the invention, has at least one linear drive and a drill rod that can be driven into or pulled out of the soil by the linear drive.
  • a housing is additionally provided which largely or completely surrounds the linear drive and which in at least the section with which it is in the operating state of the horizontal drilling device, i.e. when the linear drive drives the drill pipe into the soil or pulls it out of it, is arranged within an excavation pit (pit section), at least partially has a circular section and in particular is cylindrical.
  • the housing of the horizontal drilling device is preferably dimensioned such that it determines the outer dimension of the horizontal drilling device at least in the pit section. According to the invention, this means that the housing surrounds the other components of a horizontal drilling device, such as, in particular, the linear and possibly a rotary drive, and is intended to rest against a wall of an excavation pit in order to support the forces applied by the horizontal drilling device in the ground.
  • a housing can be open or closed.
  • An open housing can consist, for example, of a scaffold or framework.
  • horizontal bores can also be created in a simple manner from excavation pits with very small dimensions and in particular those in which no operators can stay to operate the horizontal drilling device.
  • the method according to the invention is suitable for creating horizontal bores in the ground from construction pits which have a maximum diameter of approximately 85 cm and in particular approximately 60 cm or smaller.
  • a diameter of approx. 60 cm can be a good compromise, because on the one hand the size of the excavation pit is relatively small and the damage to the ground is limited, but at the same time there is still enough space within the housing of the horizontal drilling device for the arrangement of a sufficiently powerful linear - And / or rotary drive remains.
  • diameters of the construction pit of more than 85 cm the effort for producing a construction pit with a circular cross section can become so great that it cannot be compensated for by the advantages of the method according to the invention.
  • an excavation pit with a circular cross-section cannot be created, or only with great effort, using a conventional excavator or manually. This applies in particular to small construction pits with diameters of up to approximately 60 cm, which are according to the invention should preferably be provided.
  • the excavation pit is created by drilling a surface seal (if present), such as a tar or asphalt surface, with a conventional crown bit and suctioning off the soil underneath using a conventional suction bit. In this way, cylindrical bores can be made relatively easily (more or less geometrically precisely) in the ground.
  • the construction pit can be carried out by drilling a surface seal with a crown drill and / or by suctioning off the soil.
  • the housing forms a substantially closed casing in the pit section of the horizontal drilling device according to the invention. This largely prevents soil from falling from the pit walls into the interior of the housing and contaminating the functional elements arranged there, such as, in particular, the linear and rotary drive, etc. In addition, a large support surface can be achieved by a largely closed casing, which can increase the stability of the horizontal drilling device within the excavation pit.
  • a "largely closed casing” is understood to mean a casing which largely covers the corresponding section of the housing and in particular only has cutouts or openings which are required for the drilling device to function. Such a recess or opening is required, for example, for the drill pipe to pass through.
  • the support element can therefore be moved radially outward from a retracted position in which it is arranged within the dimensions defined by the housing in order to securely position the horizontal drilling device in an excavation pit.
  • more than one support element and in particular at least two, three, four or five support elements are provided, which are arranged spaced apart from one another in a defined, preferably uniform division and which can also preferably be extended individually.
  • the horizontal drilling device according to the invention in the The excavation pit is not only to be supported securely, but also to be aligned in its position (alignment of the longitudinal axis of the housing; corresponds to the vertical axis of the horizontal drilling device during operation).
  • the support element has a support plate which forms a cutout of the jacket.
  • the horizontal drilling device forms a largely closed cylindrical casing in the corresponding section when the support element or elements are positioned in a retracted position; on the other hand, the support plate has a curved shape as a section of the casing, the radius of which resembles the radius of the arcuate wall of the construction pit, so that uniform and reliable support can be achieved when the support element is extended radially.
  • the horizontal drilling device according to the invention has a section (surface section) that is located above the excavation pit in the operating state.
  • this section of the horizontal drilling device in particular, there can be the functional elements that an operator should or must be able to reach in order to operate the horizontal drilling device.
  • the surface section of the horizontal drilling device can furthermore have a supporting device, via which the horizontal drilling device is supported on the surface of the earth.
  • the horizontal drilling device can thus be stored in a suspended manner within the excavation pit.
  • This support device can particularly preferably be designed to be adjustable in order to enable the horizontal drilling device to be positioned vertically in the excavation pit. In this way, a simple and flexible (because it can be easily changed) height positioning of the horizontal drilling device according to the invention (or the pit section of the horizontal drilling device) within the construction pit can be achieved. In addition, it is avoided that a suitable for supporting the horizontal drilling device, i.e. level and level floor of the excavation must be provided. This can reduce the effort required for the excavation.
  • both the cylindrical construction pit and the correspondingly dimensioned horizontal drilling device preferably have a small diameter, it may be necessary to gradually supply the linear drive arranged within the pit section of the horizontal drilling device with rod sections which are then connected to one another in order to achieve this Drill pipe to train.
  • the horizontal drilling device according to the invention can preferably be provided with a rod lift, which transports a rod section of the drill rod between the surface section and the pit section. This can be done in both directions, i.e.
  • the drill pipe sections are transported one after the other from the surface section to the linear drive within the pit section of the horizontal drilling device, while pulling the drill pipe out of a drill hole that has already been made, for example when it is expanded and / or a new line is drawn in, the individual boom sections detached from the boom string are transported by the boom lift from the linear drive to the surface section, where they can be removed either by an operator or by an automated boom pick-up.
  • the boom lift has a boom receptacle into which a boom section can be inserted from the side.
  • a boom mount enables easy access from the side by the operator and at the same time ensures a secure hold during transport of the boom section (along a vertically aligned boom lift).
  • the linkage section can be transferred from the linkage lift to the linear drive, preferably by means of a holding mandrel that is arranged in such a way that the linkage section of the linkage lift is attached directly after reaching the target position of the linkage mount becomes.
  • the rod sections preferably have a length that is as little as possible shorter than the diameter of the housing in the pit section of the horizontal drilling device.
  • the Fig. 1 shows an isometric view of a horizontal drilling device 1 according to the invention when a pilot hole is drilled into the ground.
  • the horizontal drilling device comprises a cylindrical housing 2, which is partially closed by a cylindrical jacket 3.
  • the horizontal drilling device 1 or the housing 2 of the horizontal drilling device 1 is divided into two sections, namely a lower section referred to as a "pit section", which is located within an excavation pit 4 which has been excavated especially for receiving the horizontal drilling device 1.
  • the housing 2 is essentially completely closed by the casing 3. This prevents soil detaching from the wall of the construction pit 4 from falling into the cavity formed by the housing 2, where further functional elements of the horizontal drilling device 1 and in particular a combined linear / rotary drive 5 are located. Otherwise, soil falling into the cavity could contaminate these functional elements, as a result of which the function of the horizontal drilling device 1 could be impaired.
  • the housing 2 is partially opened in order to give an operator access to a rod lift 6 extending up to this area.
  • the horizontal drilling device 1 is positioned "hanging" within the excavation pit 4, ie it is not supported on the bottom of the excavation pit 4, but rather by means of a supporting device with a total of three supporting legs 7, which in the area of the surface section of the horizontal drilling device 1 on longitudinal members 8 of the housing 2 are attached.
  • Each of the support legs 7 can be attached to the respective side member 8 at a total of five different positions.
  • a height adjustment of the horizontal drilling device 1 suspended in the construction pit 4 can thereby take place. This height adjustment is important in order, for example, to position the linear / rotary drive 5 located within the pit section at the correct height for drilling the pilot hole into the ground.
  • a fixation of the support legs 7 at the different positions along the side members 8 takes place via a cross bolt 9, which is inserted through a through hole in a cross member 10 of the respective support leg 7 and the respective side member 8 of the housing 2 and then fixed.
  • Each of the support legs 7 furthermore has a spindle support which is connected to the cross member 10 of the respective support leg 7 via a swivel joint.
  • the spindle support comprises a threaded rod 11 which has a support foot 12 at its foot end.
  • a handle 13 is provided, by means of which the threaded rod 11 can be rotated about its longitudinal axis, as a result of which a longitudinal displacement relative to the spindle housing 14 surrounding the threaded rod is achieved.
  • the spindle supports are used to precisely align the horizontal drilling device 1 within the construction pit 4 after a first height positioning has already been achieved by fastening the support legs 7 to the side members 8 of the housing 2.
  • the excavation pit 4 - like the housing 2 of the horizontal drilling device 1 - has a (largely) cylindrical shape, the inside diameter of which essentially corresponds to the outside diameter of the housing 2 of the horizontal drilling device.
  • the jacket 3 of the horizontal drilling device 1 in the region of the pit section thus lies more or less directly on the wall of the building pit 4.
  • the inside diameter of the excavation pit 4 and the outside diameter of the housing 2 not only the size of the excavation pit 4 to be excavated can be limited to a minimum, but at the same time the largest possible and homogeneous support of the horizontal drilling device 1 within the excavation pit 4 can be achieved. Due to the circular cross section of the construction pit 4 and the housing 2, the support is also independent of the respective rotational orientation (about the longitudinal axis of the horizontal drilling device).
  • the excavation pit 4 was excavated by first inserting a ring-shaped groove (not shown) with the required (outside) diameter into the surface seal (asphalt surface) using a crown drill, removing the disc-shaped asphalt cover thus exposed and then removing the soil underneath by means of a Suction dredger (not shown) was suctioned off.
  • the suction excavator used for this comprises a suction nozzle, which also has a circular cross section.
  • the excavation pit 4 is excavated somewhat deeper than necessary in order to enable the height-supported horizontal drilling device 1 to be adjusted within the excavation pit 4 without the lower end of the horizontal drilling device 1 being placed on the pit floor unintentionally.
  • the horizontal drilling device 1 was lowered into the excavation pit 4 by means of a crane (not shown) until the support legs 7 already attached to the longitudinal members 8 of the housing 2 were in contact with the surface of the earth. With the help of the crane, the horizontal drilling device 1 was then rotatably aligned within the excavation pit by moving it so far about its longitudinal axis is rotated until the drilling axis defined by the linear / rotary drive arranged within the pit section of the horizontal drilling device 1 points in the desired starting direction for the pilot drilling. A fine adjustment of the working height of the horizontal drilling device 1 and, within limits, of the inclination of the horizontal drilling device 1 with respect to the vertical could then be achieved via the spindle supports.
  • the horizontal drilling device 1 Since the wall of the construction pit 4 - particularly when it was excavated by means of a suction excavator - is not regularly cylindrical, the horizontal drilling device 1 according to the invention has a total of four support elements 15 distributed uniformly over the circumference in the area of the pit section. These support elements 15 comprise support plates 16, which each form a section of the cylindrical casing 3 of the horizontal drilling device in a retracted position. The support plates 16 can each be deflected outwards in the radial direction by means of a hydraulic cylinder 17 in order to establish direct contact of the horizontal drilling device 1 with the wall of the excavation pit 4 in order to securely support it within the excavation pit 4.
  • Each of the support plates 16 is connected via a first swivel joint 18 to a first end of a deflection lever 19, which in turn is rotatably mounted on the housing 2 of the horizontal drilling device 1 by means of a second swivel joint 21.
  • a second end of the deflection lever 19 is connected to the head of a piston rod 20 of the hydraulic cylinder 17. Extending or retracting the hydraulic cylinder 17 thus causes the deflection lever 19 to rotate partially about the swivel joint 21, as a result of which the respective support plate 16 can be radially deflected or withdrawn again.
  • End stops 22 prevent the support plate 16 from penetrating into the interior defined by the casing of the housing when the hydraulic cylinder 17 is retracted.
  • the Fig. 2 shows one of the Fig. 1 corresponding representation of the entire horizontal drilling device 1, but in which a part of the casing 3 in the pit section is removed in order to make the functional elements arranged therein visible.
  • the 3 to 5 show different views of this section of the horizontal drilling device 1 in enlarged representations. It can be seen that the combined linear / rotary drive 5 is arranged at the lower end of the horizontal drilling device 1 inside the housing 2. This serves to propel a drill rod 24 composed of individual rod sections 23 into the ground in a rotating manner.
  • the Fig. 6 shows a partial section through the linear / rotary drive 5 in a representation isolated from the other elements of the horizontal drilling device 1.
  • the linear drive is formed by two hydraulic cylinders 25.
  • the piston rods 26 of the two hydraulic cylinders 25 completely pass through the respective cylinder tube 27 and are connected at their two ends to the housing 2 of the horizontal drilling device 1.
  • the piston rods 26 each have a centrally arranged piston (not shown) which divides the annular space formed between the cylinder tube 27 and the piston rod 26 into two working chambers, each of which can be supplied with the hydraulic oil via a hydraulic line 66.
  • movement of the respective cylinder tube 27 on the piston rod 26 is achieved in one or the other direction.
  • the movement of the two hydraulic cylinders 25 of the linear drive is synchronized.
  • a rotary drive is arranged between the two cylinder tubes 27 of the hydraulic cylinders 25 forming the linear drive and is attached to them.
  • the rotary drive comprises a motor 29 flange-mounted on a hollow gear 28 (in particular a hydraulic or an electric motor).
  • a drive shaft 30 of the motor 29 is connected to a bevel gear 31, which in turn meshes with a toothed ring 32, which in turn is connected to a drive sleeve 34 via screw connections 33.
  • the drive sleeve 34 is rotatably supported by two roller bearings 35 within a housing 36 of the hollow gear 28. Rotation of the drive shaft 30 of the motor 29 thus causes the drive sleeve 34 to rotate about its longitudinal axis.
  • This longitudinal axis corresponds essentially to the longitudinal axis of the drill string 24 held therein and consequently also to the drilling axis, i.e. the starting direction of a pilot bore to be introduced or the longitudinal axis of a bore or an old pipe running out in the wall of the construction pit 4.
  • a drive ring 37 is used to transmit the rotary movement of the drive sleeve 34 and the longitudinal movement generated by the hydraulic cylinders 25 of the linear drive to the drill rod 24 held in the drive sleeve 34, which - in an operating position of the drill rod 24 within the drive ring 37 - fixes the drill rod 24 in a form-fitting manner.
  • the driver ring 37 is positively mounted within the drive sleeve 34 and can be replaced in a simple manner when worn, by first removing a snap ring 63 from a corresponding groove in the inside of the drive sleeve 34 and then pulling a spacer ring 64 out of the drive sleeve. The driver ring 37 can then be pulled out of the drive sleeve 34 without any problems.
  • FIGS. 10a and 10b each show in two views the two operating positions of the drill string 24 relevant for the operation of the horizontal drilling device 1 within the driving ring 37. These two operating positions differ by a 90 ° relative rotation of the driving ring 37 about its longitudinal axis relative to the drill string 24.
  • the drill string 24 is locked in the driver ring. This locking is achieved by the special jacket shape of the rod sections 23 of the drill rod 24 and a shape of the central opening of the driving ring 37 adapted to this.
  • Each rod section 23 of the drill rod 24 has a cylindrical basic shape with a central section 38 with a relatively small diameter and two end sections 39a, 39b with a relatively large diameter.
  • Two parallel flats 40 are provided in each of the end sections 39a, 39b of a rod section 23, which results in a cross section with two parallel straight sides and two opposing arcuate sides.
  • the driver ring 37 forms a through opening corresponding to this cross section, so that it is possible if the driver ring 37 and the rod section 23 guided therein in the in the 10a and 10b Rotary alignment shown are arranged to each other, to insert the rod section 23 into the through opening of the driving ring 37 and to move it freely (in the longitudinal direction).
  • the middle section 38 of each rod section 23 has a reduced outer diameter in order to have a smaller (defined) diameter than the end sections 39a, 39b. To achieve bending stiffness. This is intended to enable the use of a controllable inclined drilling head. By reversing the drilling head 43 in the ground, an arcuate drilling process is achieved in sections. The drill pipe 24 must adapt to this arcuate drilling course, which leads to a corresponding bending stress.
  • the diameter-reduced middle section 38 of each link section 23, which is relatively flexible compared to the end sections 39a, 39b, serves to keep the link section 23 as flexible as possible, but at the same time to make the end sections 39a, 39b, which are particularly prone to breakage due to the thread, rigid.
  • the individual rod sections 23 can be connected to the linear / Rotary drive 5 can not be fed manually. Rather, an automated boom feed is provided for this, which consists of a boom receptacle 44, which is arranged at the level of the linear / rotary drive 5, and the boom lift 6.
  • the boom receptacle 44 is in the overall representation of the Fig. 4 and 5 as well as isolated in the representations of the 7a, 7b , 8a and 8b shown.
  • the central element of the linkage receptacle 44 is a holding mandrel 45, which is mounted in a bridge 46, which is connected to the cylinder tubes 47 of two further hydraulic cylinders 48.
  • the hydraulic cylinders 48 are also those in which the piston rod 49 protrudes from the cylinder tube 47 on both sides.
  • the two free ends of the two piston rods 49 are connected to the housing 2 of the horizontal drilling device 1, so that the cylinder tubes 47 on the stationary piston rods 49 and consequently the linkage receptacle 44 can be moved in the horizontal direction by appropriately loading the hydraulic cylinders 48 with hydraulic oil.
  • the arbor 45 of the rod receptacle 44 is mounted within the bridge 46 so as to be pivotable about a horizontal axis, with pivoting between the two in the FIGS 7a, 7b on the one hand and 8a, 8b on the other hand, the end positions shown is possible.
  • the pivoting is achieved via a further hydraulic cylinder 50, which is supplied with hydraulic oil via corresponding hydraulic connections 65.
  • a receiving carriage 52 which can receive a linkage section 23, is slidably guided, the receiving carriage 52 being fastened to a run of a drive belt 53 which runs outside the guide rail 51 and parallel to it.
  • An upper drive roller of the drive belt 53 is connected to a motor (not shown) to drive it.
  • a lower deflection roller 54 is mounted on an axis 55, which is guided at its two ends on a threaded rod 56 and in a groove 57. By rotating the threaded rods 56, the vertical position of the lower deflection roller 54 can be changed in order to tension the drive belt 53.
  • the receiving carriage 52 By means of the drive belt 53, the receiving carriage 52 can be moved up and down within the guide rail 51. In this way, a rod section 23, which is inserted by an operator into a feed station 58 in the surface section of the horizontal drilling device 1, can be transported to the rod holder 44 in the pit section - and vice versa.
  • the Fig. 11 shows in an isolated representation the boom mount 44 and the lower part of the boom lift 6 including the mounting carriage 52, in which a boom section 23 is held.
  • the receiving carriage 52 forms a through opening into which the rod section 23 can be inserted from the side by the operator in the region of the loading station 58.
  • the inserted rod section 23 is suspended in the receiving carriage 52, ie two pairs of projections 59 each form a free space which is only slightly wider than the diameter of the central section 38 and narrower than the wider side of the end sections 39a, 39b of the rod section 23 .
  • One of the pairs of projections engages in the locking grooves 41 of the front end section 39a, while the second pair of projections engages in the middle section 38 of the rod section 23.
  • the rod section 23 fixed therein is held in a form-fitting manner (in the vertical and lateral directions) via the two pairs of projections of the receiving slide 52.
  • the rod section 23 held in the receiving carriage 52 is pushed onto the vertically oriented holding mandrel 45 (cf. Fig. 5 [Carriage sled not shown] and 8a, 8b).
  • the mandrel is then 90 ° into the Fig. 4 and 7a, 7b shown horizontal operating position pivoted, whereby the rod section 23 is pivoted out of the receiving carriage 52 in the lateral direction.
  • the receiving carriage 52 can then be moved again to the loading station 58, so that a further rod section 23 can be used.
  • the horizontal drilling device 1 is designed to carry out flushing bores, i.e. to the drill head 43 arranged on the front on the drill pipe 24, a drilling fluid is supplied via the drill pipe 24, which emerge through front and side outlet openings.
  • a drilling fluid is supplied via the drill pipe 24, which emerge through front and side outlet openings.
  • the individual rod sections 23 of the drilling rod 24 are made hollow throughout.
  • the drilling fluid is fed to the drill pipe 24 via the holding mandrel 45, which is also made almost entirely hollow for this purpose. Only at the back end, i.e. the end protruding from an attached rod section 23 is closed by means of a screw cap 60.
  • the drilling fluid is supplied to the interior space formed by the hollow mandrel 45 via a likewise hollow shaft on which the mandrel 45 is rotatably mounted.
  • Two sealing rings on the outside of the holding mandrel 45 prevent leakage of the drilling fluid through the gap between the holding mandrel 45 and the rod section 23. In this way, a safe and structurally simple connection of the pivotable holding mandrel 45 to the drilling fluid source can be achieved. In contrast, achieving a connection to the drilling fluid source while maintaining the pivotability of the holding mandrel via flexible supply hoses is structurally more complex, since the high pressure with which a drilling fluid is supplied to such a drill string 24 requires the use of extremely pressure-stable and thus less elastic supply hoses , which in turn would hinder the pivoting movement of the holding mandrel 45, which would require a larger and more powerful hydraulic cylinder 50 for the pivoting.
  • the use of the horizontal drilling device 1 for creating a pilot bore proceeds as follows: Before the horizontal drilling device 1 is lowered into the construction pit 4, the Fig. 1 shown drilling head 43 inserted through a passage opening 61 for the drill string, which is formed in the housing 2, in the drive sleeve 34 of the rotary drive. This is necessary because the drill head has an integrated transmitter for localization by means of a so-called walk-over receiver and is therefore longer than the rod sections 23.
  • the drill head has a (rear) end section 62 which, with regard to the geometric shape, the end sections 39a, 39b of the rod sections 23 corresponds to:
  • the end section 62 with a cylindrical basic shape, which is provided on two opposite sides with parallel flats, two arc-shaped locking grooves are introduced into which the driving ring 37 can be screwed in by a 90 ° rotation in a clockwise direction, as a result of which the drill head 43 is locked in the rotary drive.
  • the rotary drive is in the rearmost position in which it has been moved as far as possible away from the passage opening 61 by means of the linear drive.
  • the horizontal drilling device 1 is then lowered into the building pit 4, aligned and supported, as has already been described.
  • the drilling head 43 is then drilled into the ground as far as possible. Due to the length of the drill head 43, drilling takes place with two strokes of the linear drive; at the first stroke, the driver ring 37 is located at the front end of the two parallel flats, so that the compressive forces are transmitted via the shoulder formed there and the torque is transmitted via the parallel flats serving as key surfaces. After the first stroke, the linear drive is retracted so that the driving ring 37 can engage in the locking grooves and lock the drilling head 43. The linear drive is then moved forward again by one working stroke, as a result of which the drilling head 43 is completely drilled. The rotary drive is then, for example, in the Fig. 4 and 5 shown foremost position.
  • a locking fork (not shown) provided in the area of the through opening is then lowered.
  • the fork width of the locking fork corresponds to the distance between the two parallel flats of the drill head 43 and the distance between the two locking grooves.
  • the drill head 43 was aligned by means of the rotary drive in such a way that the two flats of the end section are aligned vertically, so that the locking fork can pass over the end section (in a section in front of the locking grooves) of the drill head 43, thereby causing the drill head to rotate by means of a form-fitting fixation 43 is temporarily prevented.
  • the driver ring 37 is then released from the locking grooves of the drill head 43 and the linear / rotary drive 5 retracted so far that it is located in a defined area of the front end section 39a of the first rod section 23.
  • the first rod section 23 is screwed to the drilling head 43 fixed in the direction of rotation by the locking fork, the torque being transmitted via the parallel flats 40.
  • the driver ring 37 is not yet locked in the locking groove 41, the rod section can move relative to the driver ring 37 when screwing in the longitudinal axial direction. As a result, the longitudinal movement of the rod section 23 required for screwing the rod section 23 can be realized without complex length compensation implemented by the linear drive.
  • the position of the rotary drive during the screwing is selected such that the locking grooves 41 of the front end section 39a are located after the screwing of the rod section 23 with the drilling head 43 within the driving ring 43, so that this is directly, i.e. 90 °, rotated by a 90 ° rotation. without a further movement of the linear drive being necessary, into which locking grooves 41 can engage in order to fix the rod section 23 also in the longitudinal direction.
  • the drill string is then drilled until the rotary drive has returned to its front end position.
  • the rotary drive is then unlocked by a 90 ° rotation (in the opposite direction) of the driving ring and retracted by means of the hydraulic cylinders 25 of the linear drive until the driving ring 37 can engage in the locking grooves 41 of the rear end section 39b of the first rod section 23; there the driving ring 37 is locked again by a 90 ° rotation.
  • the drill string consisting of drill head 43 and first rod section 23, is driven further into the ground by the use of the linear / rotary drive 5 by a further working stroke of the linear drive.
  • the linkage receptacle 44 is moved back into the rear position and the holding mandrel 45 is pivoted into the vertical position, where it has a second linkage section 23, which the operator has already moved into the receiving carriage 58 moved into the loading station 58 52 was used, can record.
  • the locking grooves 41 of the front end section 39a of the first rod section 23 are located below the locking fork, which can then be lowered to fix the drill string while the second rod section 23 is screwed onto the existing drill string.
  • the second rod section 23 is by means of the Boom receptacle 44 moved up to the rear end of the first boom section 23.
  • the rotary drive is released from the first rod section 23 and moved to the rear so far that it can engage the parallel flats 40 in the front end section 39a of the second rod section 23.
  • the second rod section 23 is then screwed to the first rod section 23, the driving ring 37 being locked again in the locking grooves 41 of the front end section 39a of the second rod section and the drill string again up to when the screwing has been completed Reaching the front end position (of the linear drive) is drilled.
  • the linear / rotary drive 5 is then released by a 90 ° relative rotation of the driving ring 37 from the second rod section 23 and moved back again in order to lock the second rod section 23 in the rear end section 39b and the drill string again by a further working stroke in to advance the soil.
  • the locking fork In contrast to the drill head 43, the locking fork always engages in the locking grooves 41 of the rod sections 23 in order not only to secure them or the drill string rotationally but also against movement in the longitudinal direction. This can prevent the drill string from unintentionally shifting due to elastic deformations of the compressed soil and the drill pipe being compressed or stretched by the loads.
  • the driving ring 37 of the rotary drive is locked in the locking grooves 41 of the rear end section 39b of the last rod section 23.
  • the rotary drive is moved backwards by moving the hydraulic cylinders 25 of the linear drive.
  • the locking fork is then moved down and fixes the penultimate linkage section 23 by engaging in the locking grooves 41 of the rear end section 39b of this linkage section 23.
  • the linear / rotary drive is then released from the rod section 23 by a 90 ° rotation of the driver ring and moved forward again until the driver ring 37 can engage in the locking grooves of the front end section 39a of the last rod section 23.
  • a further working stroke of the linear drive pulls the drill rod 24 out of the ground to such an extent that the locking fork can lock the penultimate rod section 23 in the front end section 39a. Then the last rod section 23 can be unscrewed from the penultimate rod section 23 by rotating the drive sleeve 34 counterclockwise. Due to the special shape of the rod section in the area of the end sections, a torque for releasing the threaded connection can be transmitted without the driving ring 37 being fixed in the locking groove 41 in the longitudinal axial direction. As a result, the driving ring 37 can slide over the rod section when the rod section 23 is unscrewed, which means that length compensation via the linear drive can be avoided.
  • the linkage receptacle 44 moves forward to receive the last linkage section 23 that has been unscrewed.
  • the boom receptacle 44 then moves back to its rearmost position and the linear / rotary drive 5 simultaneously forwards so that it can engage the rear end section 39b of the last (before last) boom section 23.
  • the unscrewed rod section 23 is then completely moved out of the drive sleeve 34 and can be inserted into the receiving carriage 52 of the rod lift 6 by pivoting the holding mandrel 45 into the vertical position.
  • the receiving carriage 52 can then be moved upwards to the loading station 58, where the rod section can be removed by an operator.
  • the horizontal drilling device shown is particularly suitable for use in inner-city areas and in particular for the establishment of house connections in the supply area (in particular gas, water, electricity, glass fiber, etc.). Holes up to at least 20 m in length can be drilled, which can then be used for pulling in pipes or cables with an outside diameter of up to 63 mm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Procédé de réalisation d'un forage horizontal dans le sol avec des tronçons de tiges (23) pouvant être vissés dont les étapes consistent à :
    a. générer une excavation circulaire (4) en section transversale ;
    b. abaisser un dispositif de forage horizontal (1) dans l'excavation (4), le dispositif de forage horizontal (1) présentant en partie une section transversale circulaire dans la partie dans laquelle celui-ci est disposé après son abaissement dans l'excavation (4) ;
    c. générer le forage horizontal en utilisant le dispositif de forage horizontal (1) ; et
    d. visser un tronçon de tiges (23) au moyen d'une bague d'entraînement (37) exerçant un couple sur le tronçon de tiges (23) à l'intérieur de laquelle le tronçon de tiges (23) est fixé par complémentarité de forme pour un mouvement rotatif, le tronçon de tiges (23) pouvant être déplacé lors du vissage dans la direction axiale longitudinale par rapport à la bague d'entraînement (37) et
    e. le tronçon de tiges (23) étant bloqué dans la bague d'entraînement I une fois le tronçon de tiges (23) entièrement vissé afin qu'un déplacement longitudinal sur le tronçon de tiges (23) soit transmis après le vissage au moyen de la bague d'entraînement (37).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la position de la bague d'entraînement (37) est choisie pendant le vissage de telle sorte que la bague d'entraînement (37) s'engage directement en direction longitudinale dans les rainures de verrouillage (41) du tronçon de tiges (23) une fois le vissage entièrement terminé pour fixer le tronçon de tiges (23).
  3. Procédé de forage horizontal avec un entraînement linéaire et une tige de sondage (24) pouvant être enfoncée dans la terre par l'entraînement linéaire, le procédé de forage horizontal présentant un boîtier (2) entourant l'entraînement linéaire qui est formé au moins en partie de manière cylindrique dans au moins la partie avec laquelle celui-ci est disposé à l'intérieur d'une excavation (4) dans un état de fonctionnement, et la tige de forage (24) présentant des tronçons de tiges (23) individuels pouvant être vissés au moyen d'un entraînement rotatif, caractérisé en ce que l'entraînement rotatif présente une bague d'entraînement (37) qui est adaptée au tronçon de tiges (23) de telle sorte qu'un couple peut être transmis par la bague d'entraînement (37) sur le tronçon de tiges (23) pour visser un tronçon de tiges (23) en adaptant le tronçon de tiges (23) et la bague d'entraînement (37) de telle sorte que le tronçon de tiges (23) puisse être disposé par complémentarité de forme pour un mouvement rotatif à l'intérieur de la bague d'entraînement (37) et le tronçon de tiges puisse être déplacé dans la direction axiale longitudinale par rapport à la bague d'entraînement (37) et le tronçon de tiges (23) puisse être disposé à l'intérieur de la bague d'entraînement (37) de telle sorte que le tronçon de tiges (23) soit bloqué dans la bague d'entraînement (37) une fois le tronçon de tiges (23) entièrement vissé afin qu'une transmission d'un déplacement longitudinal sur le tronçon de tiges (23) soit réalisable au moyen de la bague d'entraînement (37).
  4. Dispositif de forage horizontal selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'une gaine du tronçon de tiges (23), à laquelle est adaptée une forme d'une ouverture de passage de la bague d'entraînement (37), est prévue pour le blocage.
  5. Dispositif de forage horizontal selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce qu'une ouverture de passage est formée dans la bague d'entraînement (37), la bordure de l'ouverture de passage pouvant être mise dans l'installation avec des zones aplaties (40) parallèles du tronçon de tiges (23) pour la transmission du couple.
  6. Dispositif de forage horizontal selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que des rainures de verrouillage (41) cintrées sur le tronçon de tiges (23) sont prévues en une position axiale longitudinale après les zones aplaties (40), la position étant choisie de telle sorte que les rainures de verrouillage (41) soient disposées pour intervenir sur le tronçon de tiges (23) en vue de le fixer dans la direction longitudinale une fois le tronçon de tiges (23) entièrement vissé à l'intérieur de la bague d'entraînement (37).
  7. Dispositif de forage horizontal selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les rainures de verrouillage (41) sont cintrées uniquement dans une section angulaire de 90° puis continuent de manière droite.
  8. Dispositif de forage horizontal selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 7, caractérisé en au moins un élément de support (15) qui peut être déplacé radialement sur la circonférence extérieure du boîtier (2) afin de supporter le dispositif de forage horizontal (1) au mur de l'excavation (4).
  9. Dispositif de forage horizontal selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en au moins deux et de préférence trois, quatre ou cinq éléments de support (15) qui sont disposés répartis sur la circonférence du boîtier (2) et peuvent être déplacés individuellement ou en groupe.
  10. Dispositif de forage horizontal selon les revendications 8 et 9, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de support (15) présentent respectivement une plaque de support (16) qui forme une partie de la gaine (3).
  11. Dispositif de forage horizontal selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 10, caractérisé en une partie (partie superficielle) du boîtier (2) disposée à l'état de fonctionnement en dessus de l'excavation (4).
  12. Dispositif de forage horizontal selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 11, caractérisé en au moins un dispositif de support destiné au support du dispositif de forage horizontal (1) à la surface terrestre.
  13. Dispositif de forage horizontal selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 12, caractérisé en un élévateur de tiges (6) qui transporte un tronçon de tiges (23) du train de tiges entre la partie superficielle et la partie d'excavation.
  14. Dispositif de forage horizontal selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que l'élévateur de tiges (6) présente un logement de tiges dans lequel le tronçon de tiges (23) peut être inséré par le côté.
  15. Dispositif de forage horizontal selon la revendication 13 ou 14, caractérisé en un mandrin de logement (45) disposé dans la zone de l'entraînement linéaire sur lequel le tronçon de tiges (23) peut être inséré par l'élévateur de tiges (6).
EP13005268.1A 2010-03-31 2011-03-31 Procédé de réalisation d'un forage horizontal dans le sol et dispositif de forage horizontal Active EP2728104B1 (fr)

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PL13005268T PL2728104T3 (pl) 2010-03-31 2011-03-31 Sposób wykonania otworu horyzontalnego w gruncie i horyzontalne urządzenie wiertnicze

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DE102010013725A DE102010013725A1 (de) 2010-03-31 2010-03-31 Verfahren zum Erstellen einer Horizontalbohrung im Erdreich und Horizontalbohrvorrichtung
EP11714931.0A EP2553201B1 (fr) 2010-03-31 2011-03-31 Procédé de réalisation d'un forage horizontal dans le sol et dispositif de forage horizontal
PCT/EP2011/001612 WO2011120692A2 (fr) 2010-03-31 2011-03-31 Procédé de réalisation d'un forage horizontal dans le sol et dispositif de forage horizontal

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EP11714931.0A Division-Into EP2553201B1 (fr) 2010-03-31 2011-03-31 Procédé de réalisation d'un forage horizontal dans le sol et dispositif de forage horizontal

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JP (2) JP5931047B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN102985634B (fr)
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Publication number Publication date
ES2533401T3 (es) 2015-04-09
PL2728104T3 (pl) 2020-07-27
DE102010013725A1 (de) 2011-10-06
JP2016075151A (ja) 2016-05-12
WO2011120692A2 (fr) 2011-10-06
CN102985634B (zh) 2015-11-25
EP2553201A2 (fr) 2013-02-06
JP2013524048A (ja) 2013-06-17
PL2553201T3 (pl) 2015-05-29
CN102985634A (zh) 2013-03-20
ES2784298T3 (es) 2020-09-24
EP2553201B1 (fr) 2014-12-17
US20130199851A1 (en) 2013-08-08
US9523240B2 (en) 2016-12-20
WO2011120692A3 (fr) 2013-01-03
EP2728104A1 (fr) 2014-05-07
JP6257663B2 (ja) 2018-01-10
JP5931047B2 (ja) 2016-06-08

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