EP2728028A1 - Edelstahllegierung ohne Nickel - Google Patents

Abstract

Stainless steel alloy on a base comprises nickel, chromium, a filler metal consisting of copper, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum and gold, copper, gold, carbon, molybdenum, manganese, silicon, nitrogen, tungsten, vanadium, niobium, zirconium, titanium, and remaining amount of iron and unavoidable impurities. The stainless steel alloy is arranged as a cubic austenitic structure with centered surfaces. Stainless steel alloy on a base comprises 0.5 wt.% of nickel, 16-20 wt.% of chromium, 30-40 wt.% of a filler metal consisting of copper, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum and gold, 0-2 wt.% of copper, 0-2 wt.% of gold, 0-0.03 wt.% of carbon, 0-2 wt.% of molybdenum, 0-2 wt.% of manganese, 0-1 wt.% of silicon, 0-0.1 wt.% of nitrogen, 0-0.5 wt.% of tungsten, 0-0.5 wt.% of vanadium, 0-0.5 wt.% of niobium, 0-0.5 wt.% of zirconium, 0-0.5 wt.% of titanium, and remaining amount of iron and unavoidable impurities. The stainless steel alloy is arranged as a cubic austenitic structure with centered surfaces.

Description

Field of the invention

The invention relates to a stainless steel alloy having a base of iron and chromium.

The invention also relates to a watch component made of such an alloy.

The invention relates to the fields of watchmaking, jewelery, and jewelery, in particular for structures: watch cases, squares, turntables, bracelets, rings, earrings and others.

Background of the invention

Stainless steels are commonly used in the fields of watchmaking, jewelery, and jewelery, particularly for structures: watch cases, casebacks, turntables, bracelets, and others.

The components for external use, intended to be in contact with the skin of the user, must obey certain constraints, in particular because of the allergenic effects of certain metals, especially nickel. Despite the protective and polished qualities of nickel once polished, there is an increasing focus on placing on the market alloys with little or no nickel.

Nickel is, however, a basic component of most common stainless steels because it improves mechanical properties and ductility, malleability and resilience. By cons nickel is harmful in the field of friction surfaces. Nickel improves the properties of the passive layer, and integrates with the surface layer of oxide. In particular alloy X2CrNiMo17-12 EN (or 316L AISI) comprises between 10.5 and 13% of nickel. Nickel is a metal whose cost is growing continuously, and which, in 2012, is close to 20'000 USD per ton, which increases the cost of alloys containing it.

Nickel-free stainless steel alloys are known which are ferritic steels with a cubic centered structure. However, these ferritic steels are not hardenable by heat treatment, but only by hardening. Their structure is not very fine, and this family of alloys is not very suitable for polishing.

The document EP 0 964 071 A1 in the name of ASULAB SA describes the application of such a nickel-free ferritic stainless steel to an outer piece of watch covering, this alloy comprising at least 0.4% by weight of nitrogen, and at most 0.5% by weight of nickel, between 10 and 35% by weight for the total chromium and molybdenum, and between 5 and 20% by weight of manganese.

Other nickel-free stainless steel alloys, which are martensitic steels, which are curable by heat treatment, are on the other hand difficult to machine, particularly maraging grades which comprise precipitates of hardening components. and can not be considered for horological applications.

The patent EP 0 629 714 B1 in the name of UGINE-SAVOIE IMPHY describes a martensitic stainless steel with improved machinability, with a non-zero nickel content, but between 2 and 6%, a fairly low chromium content of between 11% and 19%, and a predictive composition many additives, and favorable to the formation of certain inclusions in the matrix, thus improving machinability by localized weakening of the chips. But we see that the nickel rate, although low, remains too high for the application.

Austenitic steels, of face-centered cubic structure, generally have very good forming properties, which is particularly advantageous for watchmaker or jeweler-type components. They have a very high chemical resistance. They are also non-magnetic because of their face-centered cubic structure. They are also the most suitable for welding. But conventional austenitic stainless steels still contain from 3.5 to 32% of nickel, and more commonly from 8.0 to 15.0% of nickel. Indeed, nickel is a gammagene element which makes it possible to obtain the austenitic structure, and in particular to obtain sheets capable of forming deformations. Some documents, such as FR 2,534,931 on behalf of CABOT CORPORATION go so far as to say that nickel must be present to favor an austenitic structure in the alloy.

In theory, the gamma loop of the iron-chromium system specific to stainless steels defines an austenitic domain, even with a low or zero nickel content, but the loop is of very limited magnitude compared to that of alloys containing nickel. in higher proportion. In addition, this austenitic domain exists at temperatures much higher than ambient. The effect of the gammagenic alloy elements is twofold since it also makes it possible to widen the austenitic loop in chemical composition (relative to chromium) and to widen the temperature range on which this structure is stable.

Austeno-ferritic steels, also called duplex, are weak magnetic, and generally comprise between 3.5% and 8% nickel.

In sum, if, in the general sense, the nickel-free stainless steels are mainly ferritic steels, the advantages of the austenitic steels, which are generally cataloged as nickel steels, should be available.

In order to obtain austenitic stainless steel, gammagens such as nickel, manganese or nitrogen are generally used (these are called super-austenitic steels for the last two mentioned), which increase the range of stability of austenite. Theoretically it would therefore be possible to use a super-austenitic steel with manganese or nitrogen in place of nickel.

The patent EP 1 025 273 B1 on behalf of SIMA describes such a nickel-free austenitic stainless steel with 15 to 24% manganese, 15 to 20% chromium, 2.5 to 4% molybdenum, 0.6 to 0.85% d nitrogen, 0.1 to 0.5% vanadium, less than 0.5% copper, less than 0.5% cobalt, less than 0.5% for total niobium and tantalum, less than 0.06% of carbon, other elements each limited to 0.020% by weight, the balance being iron, and the compositions of certain metals being limited to each other by means of a system of equations and inequalities, which regulate the contents of chromium, molybdenum, nitrogen, vanadium, niobium, and manganese.

But, if these super-austenitic alloys have high mechanical properties, their shaping is very difficult, especially the machining is difficult, the stamping is not possible, and their use is therefore inconvenient.

Summary of the invention

For this purpose, the invention relates to a stainless steel alloy comprising a base consisting of iron and chromium, characterized in that it comprises less than 0.5% by weight of nickel, and is arranged according to an austenitic structure. face-centered cubic, and comprises, in addition to said base, at least one filler metal chosen from a first set comprising copper, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, and gold.

According to one characteristic of the invention, said alloy comprises, in addition to said base, at least one filler metal chosen from a subset of the first set comprising ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, rhenium and osmium. , iridium, and platinum.

According to one characteristic of the invention, said at least one filler metal is chosen exclusively from said subset comprising ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, rhenium, osmium, iridium, and platinum.

According to one characteristic of the invention, said alloy comprises, in addition to said base and said at least one filler metal, up to 0.03% carbon.

• total dudit au moins un métal d'apport ou desdits métaux d'apport : valeur mini 30%, valeur maxi 40 %
• chrome : valeur mini 16%, valeur maxi 20 %
• molybdène : valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 2 %
• manganèse : valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 2 %
• cuivre : valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 2 %
• or : valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 2 %
• silicium : valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 1 %
• azote: valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 0,1%
• carbone : valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 0,03 %
• fer : le complément à 100 %.

According to one characteristic of the invention, its bulk composition is:

• total of said at least one filler metal or said filler metals: min. value 30%, max. value 40%
• chrome: minimum value 16%, maximum value 20%
• molybdenum: minimum value 0%, maximum value 2%
• manganese: minimum value 0%, maximum value 2%
• copper: minimum value 0%, maximum value 2%
• gold: minimum value 0%, maximum value 2%
• silicon: minimum value 0%, maximum value 1%
• nitrogen: minimum value 0%, maximum value 0.1%
• carbon: minimum value 0%, maximum value 0.03%
• iron: the 100% supplement.

• palladium : valeur mini 30%, valeur maxi 40 %
• chrome : valeur mini 16%, valeur maxi 20 %
• molybdène : valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 2 %
• manganèse : valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 2 %
• cuivre : valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 2 %
• or : valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 2 %
• silicium : valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 1 %
• azote: valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 0,1%
• carbone : valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 0,03 %
• fer : le complément à 100 %.

According to one characteristic of the invention, its bulk composition is:

• palladium: minimum value 30%, maximum value 40%
• chrome: minimum value 16%, maximum value 20%
• molybdenum: minimum value 0%, maximum value 2%
• manganese: minimum value 0%, maximum value 2%
• copper: minimum value 0%, maximum value 2%
• gold: minimum value 0%, maximum value 2%
• silicon: minimum value 0%, maximum value 1%
• nitrogen: minimum value 0%, maximum value 0.1%
• carbon: minimum value 0%, maximum value 0.03%
• iron: the 100% supplement.

According to one characteristic of the invention, its mass composition is 18% chromium, 35% palladium, 0 to 0.03% carbon, and the iron complement.

According to one characteristic of the invention, said alloy further comprises, within the limit of 0.5% by mass of the total, at least one carburigenic element taken from a second set comprising tungsten, vanadium, niobium, zirconium, and titanium, replacing an equivalent mass of iron in the alloy.

• total de, d'une part le ou les métaux d'apport du premier ensemble ou de son sous-ensemble des PGM, et d'autre part le manganèse et l'azote :
  • valeur mini 30%, valeur maxi 40 %
• chrome : valeur mini 16%, valeur maxi 20 %
• molybdène : valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 2 %
• cuivre : valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 2 %
• or : valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 2 %
• silicium : valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 1 %
• carbone : valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 0,03 %.
• fer : le complément à 100 %.

According to one characteristic of the invention, said alloy comprises both on the one hand at least one said filler metal, and on the other hand manganese and nitrogen, and its mass composition is:

• total of, on the one hand, the filler metal (s) of the first set or its subset of GMPs, and, on the other hand, manganese and nitrogen:
  • minimum value 30%, maximum value 40%
• chrome: minimum value 16%, maximum value 20%
• molybdenum: minimum value 0%, maximum value 2%
• copper: minimum value 0%, maximum value 2%
• gold: minimum value 0%, maximum value 2%
• silicon: minimum value 0%, maximum value 1%
• carbon: minimum value 0%, maximum value 0.03%.
• iron: the 100% supplement.

The invention also relates to a watch or jewelery component made of such an alloy.

Brief description of the drawings

• la figure 1 représente, de façon schématisée, la boucle gamma d'un système fer-chrome, en fonction du taux de nickel dans l'alliage ;
• la figure 2 représente, de façon schématisée, un diagramme de Schaeffler, avec en abscisse un chrome équivalent, et en ordonnée un nickel équivalent. Ce diagramme délimite les domaines ferritique, martensitique et austénitique, ce dernier limité par la courbe correspondant au taux nul de ferrite.

Other features and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

• the figure 1 represents schematically the gamma loop of an iron-chromium system, as a function of the nickel content in the alloy;
• the figure 2 schematically represents a Schaeffler diagram, with an equivalent chromium on the abscissa and an equivalent nickel on the ordinate. This diagram delimits the ferritic, martensitic and austenitic domains, the latter limited by the curve corresponding to the zero ferrite content.

Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments

The invention proposes to produce stainless steels without nickel, which have properties similar to those of austenitic stainless steels with nickel.

The term "nickel-free alloy" will be referred to below as an alloy comprising less than 0.5% by weight of nickel.

It is therefore a question of looking for the production of alloys, which, like the super-austenitics, contain elements of substitution for nickel, but which harden the steel less than the manganese-nitrogen pair.

These substitution elements must be soluble in iron, so as to allow the construction of a cubic austenitic structure with centered faces. According to the invention, the alloy comprises, in addition to a base made of iron and chromium, at least one filler metal selected from a first set comprising copper, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, and gold.

In a preferred application, the alloy comprises, in addition to a base consisting of iron, carbon and chromium, at least one filler metal chosen from a subset of the first set comprising ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, rhenium, osmium, iridium, and platinum. Indeed, these metals are part of PGM (platinum group metals) or platinoids, that is to say that they are characterized by common and unusual properties for metals. These PGM group metals are also more soluble in iron than copper and gold.

The choice of palladium as filler metal allows, more particularly, to achieve the desired properties.

A suitable (mass) composition is 18% chromium, 35% palladium, and 46 to 47% iron. Like all stainless steel, this alloy can contain up to 0.03% carbon.

Preferably, its mass composition is 18% chromium, 35% palladium, 0% to 0.03% carbon, and the iron supplement. More particularly, its mass composition is 18% chromium, 35% palladium, and 46.97 to 47% iron, and 0 to 0.03% carbon.

The figure 2 is a Schaeffler diagram, which has on the abscissa an equivalent chromium, and on the ordinate a nickel equivalent, both in percentage by mass.

The equivalent chromium Créq corresponds here to the following definition: $$\mathrm{CREQ}=\mathrm{Cr}+\mathrm{MB}+1,5\mathrm{Yes}\mathrm{.}$$

ici simplifié pour le cas d'un alliage sans niobium.This model is similar to the Schaeffler or Delong model: $$\mathrm{CREQ}=\mathrm{Cr}+\mathrm{MB}+1,5\mathrm{Yes}+0,5\mathrm{Nb},\mathrm{here\; simplified\; for\; the\; case\; of\; a\; niobium-free\; alloy}\mathrm{.}$$

here simplified for the case of an alloy without niobium.

The important point is the determination of the filler metal content, replacing the nickel that is outlawed. The notion of equivalent nickel qualifies the proportion by weight of the filler metal, or filler metals if there are several.

In the particular case of the use of palladium to replace nickel, nickel equivalent Niéq meets the following definition: $$\mathrm{Nieq}=\mathrm{Or}+\mathrm{30}\left(\mathrm{VS}+\mathrm{NOT}\right)+\mathrm{0},\mathrm{5}\left(\mathrm{Co}+\mathrm{mn}+\mathrm{Cu}\right)+\mathrm{0},\mathrm{3}\mathrm{Pd}\mathrm{.}$$

et plus précisément de Delong (pour un alliage base manganèse et azote): $$\mathrm{Niéq}=\mathrm{Ni}+\mathrm{30}\left(\mathrm{C}+\mathrm{N}\right)+\mathrm{0},\mathrm{5}\mathrm{Mn}\mathrm{.}$$

This model is adapted to the presence of palladium, and derives from known Schaeffler models (for a manganese base alloy): $$\mathrm{Nieq}=\mathrm{Or}+\mathrm{30}\mathrm{VS}+\mathrm{0},\mathrm{5}\mathrm{mn},$$

and more precisely Delong (for a manganese base alloy and nitrogen): $$\mathrm{Nieq}=\mathrm{Or}+\mathrm{30}\left(\mathrm{VS}+\mathrm{NOT}\right)+\mathrm{0},\mathrm{5}\mathrm{mn}\mathrm{.}$$

ou, de préférence dans le cas où le métal d'apport est choisi parmi le premier ensemble : $$\mathrm{Niéq}=\mathrm{Ni}+\mathrm{30}\left(\mathrm{C}+\mathrm{N}\right)+\mathrm{0},\mathrm{5}\left(\mathrm{Co}+\mathrm{Mn}+\mathrm{Cu}\right)+\mathrm{0},\mathrm{3}\left(\mathrm{Pd}+\mathrm{Ru}+\mathrm{Rh}+\mathrm{Re}+\mathrm{Os}+\mathrm{Ir}+\mathrm{Pt}\right)\mathrm{.}$$

In a generalization to the set capable of filler metals, the equivalent nickel formula can still be written: $$\mathrm{Nieq}=\mathrm{Or}+\mathrm{30}\left(\mathrm{VS}+\mathrm{NOT}\right)+\mathrm{0},\mathrm{5}\left(\mathrm{Co}+\mathrm{mn}+\mathrm{Cu}\right)+\mathrm{0},\mathrm{3}\left(\mathrm{Pd}+\mathrm{Ru}+\mathrm{Rh}+\mathrm{Re}+\mathrm{Bone}+\mathrm{Ir}+\mathrm{Pt}+\mathrm{At}\right),$$

or, preferably in the case where the filler metal is selected from the first set: $$\mathrm{Nieq}=\mathrm{Or}+\mathrm{30}\left(\mathrm{VS}+\mathrm{NOT}\right)+\mathrm{0},\mathrm{5}\left(\mathrm{Co}+\mathrm{mn}+\mathrm{Cu}\right)+\mathrm{0},\mathrm{3}\left(\mathrm{Pd}+\mathrm{Ru}+\mathrm{Rh}+\mathrm{Re}+\mathrm{Bone}+\mathrm{Ir}+\mathrm{Pt}\right)\mathrm{.}$$

This Schaeffler diagram delimits the ferritic, martensitic and austenitic domains, the latter limited by the curve corresponding to the zero ferrite content.

So-called stainless steels are, according to current standards, those containing more than 10.5% of chromium.

The curves C1 and C2 delimit the possible presence of austenite A: above C1 and C2 we have austenite A, underneath there is none.

The curve C3 delimits the possible presence of ferrite F: below C3 there is ferrite F, above there is none.

The curve C4 delimits the possible presence of martensite M: below C4 there is martensite M, above there is none.

To best benefit from the properties of austenite, the composition must be such that one is both above the C3 and C4 curves, so as to have only austenite A.

In order to benefit from the properties specific to stainless steels, it is necessary to respect the minimum chromium content represented by curve C5, and the domain is then that located right of curve C5. The field D1 hatched on the figure 2 obeys these two conditions, and ensures the expected properties. The point P corresponding to the example mentioned above is located in this domain D1.

$$\mathrm{Niéq}=-13/16\left(\mathrm{Créq}-8\right)+13$$

$$\mathrm{Niéq}=13/9\left(\mathrm{Créq}-8\right)-2$$

$$\mathrm{Niéq}=7/16\left(\mathrm{Créq}-8\right)-3$$

According to an approximation, curves are straight lines of equations: $$\mathrm{Nieq}=-5/6\left(\mathrm{CREQ}-8\right)+21$$

$$\mathrm{Nieq}=-13/16\left(\mathrm{CREQ}-8\right)+13$$

$$\mathrm{Nieq}=13/9\left(\mathrm{CREQ}-8\right)-2$$

$$\mathrm{Nieq}=7/16\left(\mathrm{CREQ}-8\right)-3$$

$$\mathrm{Niéq}\ge 7/16\left(\mathrm{Créq}-8\right)-3$$

$$\mathrm{Créq}\ge 10,5$$

Domain D1 obeys the following three conditions: $$\mathrm{Nieq}\ge 13/9\left(\mathrm{CREQ}-8\right)-2$$

$$\mathrm{Nieq}\ge 7/16\left(\mathrm{CREQ}-8\right)-3$$

$$\mathrm{CREQ}\ge 10,5$$

Of course, we can tolerate the presence of a little ferrite or martensite with austenite, and the real area of application can be a little wider than the D1 domain, and in particular to lower the level as much as possible. equivalent nickel, because of the often very high cost of metals chosen as substitutes for nickel; remember that in 2012 the cost of palladium is about half that of gold, and between one quarter and one half that of platinum.

• palladium : valeur mini 30%, valeur maxi 40 %
• chrome : valeur mini 16%, valeur maxi 20 %
• molybdène : valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 2 %
• manganèse : valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 2 %
• cuivre : valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 2 %
• or : valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 2 %
• silicium : valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 1 %
• azote: valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 0,1%
• carbone : valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 0,03 %
• fer : le complément à 100 %.

The rectangular domain D2, defined by the following two inequalities:
16 ≤Creq≤23.5
12≤Niéq≤22,
gives a good example of permissible values (in mass) for the use of palladium as the main filler metal:

• palladium: minimum value 30%, maximum value 40%
• chrome: minimum value 16%, maximum value 20%
• molybdenum: minimum value 0%, maximum value 2%
• manganese: minimum value 0%, maximum value 2%
• copper: minimum value 0%, maximum value 2%
• gold: minimum value 0%, maximum value 2%
• silicon: minimum value 0%, maximum value 1%
• nitrogen: minimum value 0%, maximum value 0.1%
• carbon: minimum value 0%, maximum value 0.03%
• iron: the 100% supplement.

• total du ou des métaux d'apport du premier ensemble ou de son sous-ensemble des PGM : valeur mini 30%, valeur maxi 40 %
• chrome : valeur mini 16%, valeur maxi 20 %
• molybdène : valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 2 %
• manganèse : valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 2 %
• cuivre : valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 2 %
• or : valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 2 %
• silicium : valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 1 %
• azote: valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 0,1%
• carbone : valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 0,03 %
• fer : le complément à 100 %.

In the generalization to at least one filler metal taken from the first set or its subset limited to PGM, the bulk composition becomes:

• total filler metal (s) of the first set or its subset of PGMs: minimum value 30%, maximum value 40%
• chrome: minimum value 16%, maximum value 20%
• molybdenum: minimum value 0%, maximum value 2%
• manganese: minimum value 0%, maximum value 2%
• copper: minimum value 0%, maximum value 2%
• gold: minimum value 0%, maximum value 2%
• silicon: minimum value 0%, maximum value 1%
• nitrogen: minimum value 0%, maximum value 0.1%
• carbon: minimum value 0%, maximum value 0.03%
• iron: the 100% supplement.

A first variant of the invention consists in incorporating into the alloy, in the limit of 0.5% by mass of the total, at least one carburigenic element taken from a second set comprising tungsten, vanadium, niobium and zirconium. , and titanium, replacing an equivalent mass of iron in the alloy.

This incorporation of one or more carburigenic elements has the effect of forcing the precipitation of specific carbides less harmful to the corrosion resistance than chromium carbides.

• total de, d'une part le ou les métaux d'apport du premier ensemble ou de son sous-ensemble des PGM, et d'autre part le manganèse et l'azote :
  • valeur mini 30%, valeur maxi 40 %
• chrome : valeur mini 16%, valeur maxi 20 %
• molybdène : valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 2 %
• cuivre : valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 2 %
• or : valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 2 %
• silicium : valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 1 %
• carbone : valeur mini 0%, valeur maxi 0,03 %
• fer : le complément à 100 %.

A second variant of the invention consists in incorporating into the alloy, at the same time on the one hand at least one such filler metal, and on the other hand manganese and nitrogen, to adjust the mechanical properties of the alloy. Preferably, in this second variant, the mass composition becomes:

• total of, on the one hand, the filler metal (s) of the first set or its subset of GMPs, and, on the other hand, manganese and nitrogen:
  • minimum value 30%, maximum value 40%
• chrome: minimum value 16%, maximum value 20%
• molybdenum: minimum value 0%, maximum value 2%
• copper: minimum value 0%, maximum value 2%
• gold: minimum value 0%, maximum value 2%
• silicon: minimum value 0%, maximum value 1%
• carbon: minimum value 0%, maximum value 0.03%
• iron: the 100% supplement.

The invention also relates to a watch or jewelery component made of such an alloy.

Claims (10)

A stainless steel alloy comprising a base made of iron and chromium, characterized in that it comprises less than 0.5% by weight of nickel, and is arranged in a cubic austenitic structure with centered faces, and comprises, in complement of said base, at least one filler metal selected from a first set comprising copper, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, and gold. An alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises, in addition to said base, at least one filler metal chosen from a subset of the first set comprising ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, rhenium, l osmium, iridium, and platinum. An alloy according to claim 2, characterized in that said at least one filler metal is selected exclusively from said subset comprising ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, rhenium, osmium, iridium, and platinum . Alloy according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises, in addition to said base and said at least one filler metal, up to 10.03% of carbon. Alloy according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its mass composition is: - total of said at least one filler metal or said filler metals: min. value 30%, max. value 40% - chrome: minimum value 16%, maximum value 20% - molybdenum: minimum value 0%, maximum value 2% - manganese: minimum value 0%, maximum value 2% - copper: minimum value 0%, maximum value 2% - gold: minimum value 0%, maximum value 2% - silicon: minimum value 0%, maximum value 1% - nitrogen: minimum value 0%, maximum value 0.1% - carbon: minimum value 0%, maximum value 0.03% - iron: the 100% complement. Alloy according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its mass composition is: - palladium: minimum value 30%, maximum value 40% - chrome: minimum value 16%, maximum value 20% - molybdenum: minimum value 0%, maximum value 2% - manganese: minimum value 0%, maximum value 2% - copper: minimum value 0%, maximum value 2% - gold: minimum value 0%, maximum value 2% - silicon: minimum value 0%, maximum value 1% - nitrogen: minimum value 0%, maximum value 0.1% - carbon: minimum value 0%, maximum value 0.03% - iron: the 100% complement. Alloy according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its mass composition is 18% chromium, 35% palladium, 0% to 0.03% carbon, and the iron complement. Alloy according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it also comprises, in the limit of 0.5% by mass of the total, at least one carburigenic element taken from a second set comprising tungsten, vanadium and niobium. , zirconium, and titanium, replacing an equivalent mass of iron in the alloy. Alloy according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises both on the one hand at least one said filler metal, and on the other hand manganese and nitrogen, and that its composition in mass is: - total of, on the one hand, the filler metal (s) of the first set or its subset of PGMs, and, on the other hand, manganese and nitrogen: minimum value 30%, maximum value 40% - chrome: minimum value 16%, maximum value 20% - molybdenum: minimum value 0%, maximum value 2% - copper: minimum value 0%, maximum value 2% - gold: minimum value 0%, maximum value 2% - silicon: minimum value 0%, maximum value 1% - carbon: minimum value 0%, maximum value 0.03%. - iron: the 100% complement. Watchmaking or jewelery component made of an alloy according to one of the preceding claims.

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