EP2724108A2 - Systeme de gestion thermique a materiau a volume variable - Google Patents
Systeme de gestion thermique a materiau a volume variableInfo
- Publication number
- EP2724108A2 EP2724108A2 EP12728606.0A EP12728606A EP2724108A2 EP 2724108 A2 EP2724108 A2 EP 2724108A2 EP 12728606 A EP12728606 A EP 12728606A EP 2724108 A2 EP2724108 A2 EP 2724108A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- thermal
- management system
- thermal management
- conductor
- variable volume
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/01—Control of temperature without auxiliary power
- G05D23/02—Control of temperature without auxiliary power with sensing element expanding and contracting in response to changes of temperature
- G05D23/028—Control of temperature without auxiliary power with sensing element expanding and contracting in response to changes of temperature with fusing sensing element
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W40/00—Arrangements for thermal protection or thermal control
- H10W40/70—Fillings or auxiliary members in containers or in encapsulations for thermal protection or control
- H10W40/73—Fillings or auxiliary members in containers or in encapsulations for thermal protection or control for cooling by change of state
- H10W40/735—Fillings or auxiliary members in containers or in encapsulations for thermal protection or control for cooling by change of state by melting or evaporation of solids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F2013/005—Thermal joints
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F2013/005—Thermal joints
- F28F2013/008—Variable conductance materials; Thermal switches
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a thermal management system for controlling the transfer of heat flow from a hot source to a cold source.
- medium-power transistors are also present in electronic systems in SMD (Surface Mounted Components) boxes whose dissipated power for an isolated transistor reaches a watt.
- SMD Surface Mounted Components
- a thyristor can generate a flux of the order of 100 to 200 W / cm 2 .
- Some power electronics for military applications can provide heat fluxes of the order of 300 W / cm 2 and systems employing laser diodes up to 500 W / cm 2 .
- a non-uniform distribution of these Heat flow on an electronic board can result in zones with a heat flux up to five times higher than the average heat flux on the PCB ( ⁇ 30W / cm 2 ).
- passive radiators formed of fins of thermal conductive material that transfer the heat emitted by the active components to the ambient air.
- radiators There are also active radiators, these are radiators fitted with fans, the fan being located above the radiator to facilitate the extraction of heat.
- Phase change materials have also been considered for passive cooling of electrical and electronic components.
- Heat pipes and microcaloducts are also effective.
- Microchannels have also been envisaged to extract heat from electronic components.
- a pump is used which can cause disturbances and noise.
- Thermal management in the field of electronics is therefore particularly critical, especially as the systems embark more and more features in a volume increasingly reduced.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a thermal management system simple and robust operation heat flow, able to guide the flow of heat, for example in view of its evacuation.
- a thermal management system comprising means able to put in thermal communication two thermal conductors or to interrupt this communication, these means comprising a variable volume material under the effect of a temperature variation.
- the heating of the variable volume material can be obtained for example either by one of the conductors or by an additional thermal conductor forming thermal control means. Management of the heat transfer between the two conductors can then be done automatically and very safely.
- the thermal management system can then form a thermal switch based on volume expansion material, this switch ensuring in a closed state the thermal conduction between the two conductors.
- the heat flux transmitted from one conductor to the other may vary gradually.
- the thermal management system can "drive" the thermal conduction between two conductors by a heat flow from a third conductor, in this case, it can be likened to a "thermal transistor".
- the volume expansion material may have other physical properties such as electrical conduction, the management system then has dual function, thermal and electrical.
- the material used is a solid-liquid phase change material.
- the subject of the present invention is therefore a thermal management system intended to be mounted between at least one hot source and at least one cold source, comprising a first and a second thermal conductor, a thermal switch capable of thermally or non-thermally connecting the first and second heat conductors.
- second thermal conductors said thermal switch comprising at least one thermal conductive material whose volume varies according to an input of thermal energy, said material being able to connect the first and second conductors by varying its volume, said thermal switch having control means for supplying thermal energy to the variable volume material to change the connection state.
- the thermal management system may comprise at least three thermal conductors, the switch being able to put in thermal connection the at least three thermal conductors.
- the thermal management system can be distributed in several planes.
- control means are formed by the first conductor, said first conductor being permanently in contact with the variable volume material and being intended to be connected to the at least one hot source.
- control means is formed by an additional thermal conductor, wherein the first and second conductors are not in contact with the variable volume material in an off-line state.
- control means are formed directly by the external environment, the thermal energy being supplied to the material by convection.
- the first and second conductors have ends intended to be in contact with the variable volume material, said end of the first and / or second conductor having a shape ensuring a progressive contact between said end and the variable volume material as the volume of the variable volume material changes.
- the thermal management system comprises means for promoting the return of the variable volume material in a predetermined zone in which the thermal disconnection between the first and the second conductor is provided, called the disconnection zone.
- the thermal management system may comprise a substrate in or on which the thermal conductors are formed and wherein the switch comprises a cavity formed in the substrate and containing the variable volume material, the thermal conductors penetrating into said cavity.
- the cavity comprises at least one inclined side wall favoring the return of the variable volume material in a so-called offline area, said at least one inclined surface forming the means facilitating the return of the variable volume material to the offline area.
- the cavity may have a flared shape, for example in the inverted pyramid form.
- the two thermal conductors are formed on the surface of the substrate, the end of the first conductor penetrating the cavity more deeply than that of the second conductor (and in which the variable volume material is in contact only with the the end of the first driver in an offline state.
- the first conductor is located in the substrate and its end opens into a bottom of the cavity and the second conductor is formed on the substrate.
- the cavity can be sealed by a hood.
- variable volume material is a material having a phase change.
- the material may exhibit a solid-liquid phase change in the temperature range to be managed by the system.
- the material having a phase change comprises particles improving its thermal conductivity.
- variable volume material may be a monophasic material, for example liquid, for example mercury.
- variable volume material is functionalized so that it has a given electrical conductivity, a sensitivity to magnetic fields or is the site of a phenomenon of photoluminescence.
- the substrate may be of a low thermal conductivity material.
- it is a thermal insulating material such as a polymer, glass or a ceramic.
- the substrate is a surface-insulated heat-conducting material such as, for example, a silicon substrate provided with an oxide layer on the face, on which the first and second thermal conductors are formed.
- the thermal conductors are metallic like for example gold, copper or aluminum.
- the present invention also relates to a thermal management assembly comprising at least two systems according to the present invention, wherein the switch of one of the systems is controlled by the first system.
- the control can be provided by the temperature of the variable volume material of the switch of the first system, or that of the hot source or that of the cold source.
- variable volume material of the first system may be different from that of the second system.
- the present invention also relates to an electronic device comprising at least one thermal management system according to the present invention and / or at least one thermal management assembly according to the present invention.
- the hot source is for example formed by at least one electronic component and the at least one cold source is for example formed by a heat exchanger, for example a radiator and / or a circulation of air, and / or at least one microcaloduct and / or or a phase change material and / or microchannels and / or means employing convective boiling and / or thermoelectric materials.
- a heat exchanger for example a radiator and / or a circulation of air, and / or at least one microcaloduct and / or or a phase change material and / or microchannels and / or means employing convective boiling and / or thermoelectric materials.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a thermal management system according to the present in a thermal offline state
- FIG. 1B is a schematic representation of the thermal management system of FIG. 1A in a thermal connection state
- FIG. 2A is a schematic representation of a thermal management system forming a progressive thermal connection
- FIGS. 2B to 2E schematically represent alternative embodiments of systems providing variable heat transfer
- FIG. 3A is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a thermal management system comprising separate control means, in a thermal offline state,
- FIG. 3B is a schematic representation of the thermal management system of FIG. 3A in a thermal connection state
- FIG. 4A is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a thermal management system by the external environment, in a thermal offline state
- FIG. 4B is a schematic representation of the thermal management system of FIG. 4A in a thermal connection state
- FIGS. 5A and 5B are diagrammatic representations of alternative embodiments of the thermal management system according to the invention.
- FIGS. 6A and 6B are schematic representations of a thermal system in several planes in a thermal off-state and in a thermal connection state respectively,
- FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of an architecture comprising several interconnected thermal management systems
- FIG. 8A is a perspective view of an exemplary practical embodiment of a thermal management system according to the invention.
- FIG. 8B is a section of the system of FIG. 8A comprising the thermal conductive fluid
- FIG. 8C is a view similar to that of FIG. 8B provided with encapsulation means
- FIG. 9 is a graphical representation of the variation in height in ym of a phase change material and of the temperature difference in FIG. ° C applied as a function of the volume increase in% of the phase change material in the system of Figure 8A,
- Figure 10 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the system of Figure 8A. DETAILED PRESENTATION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS
- FIGS. 1A and 1B we can see a first embodiment of a thermal management system according to the invention comprising a first thermal conductor 2 and a second thermal conductor 4 capable of being connected by a thermal switch 6.
- the first conductor 2 is connected by a first end 2.1 to a hot source SC and a second end 2.2 to the switch 6, and the second thermal conductor 4 is connected by a first end 4.1 to the switch 6 and by a second end 4.2 to a cold source SF.
- the hot source SC is for example formed by a power transistor, a laser diode, an integrated circuit ..., and a cold source SF is for example formed by a passive radiator, an active radiator ...
- the system is made in a substrate 8.
- the thermal conductors 2, 4 are for example made in the form of metal tracks on the surface of the substrate 8.
- the conductors may be formed by wires and buried.
- the substrate has a low thermal conductivity typically less than 5 W / ° Km, for example glass or polymer.
- the conductors 2, 4 may be generated by surface oxidation to obtain a silicon dioxide layer.
- the switch 6 comprises a chamber 10 containing a material 12 whose volume increases when it is heated.
- the material ensures beyond a given temperature, called the critical temperature T c , the thermal connection between the first and the second conductor.
- the heat transfer material partially fills the chamber 10, at least when it does not thermally connect the two thermal conductors.
- variable volume material will be designated "heat transfer material” in the following description. It may be a monophasic material, for example a liquid material regardless of the operating temperature of the system such as mercury. In this case, its volume increases with the temperature and becomes sufficient, when the temperature reaches T c , to be in contact with the two conductors.
- phase change materials can be materials generally referred to as "phase change materials", but also any materials having a solid / liquid transition may also be used.
- the second end 2.2 of the first conductor 2 enters the chamber 10 and the first end 4.1 of the second conductor 4 also enters the chamber 10 so that the conductors 2, 4 can come into contact with the heat transfer material 12 and are effectively connected thermally between them by this one beyond the critical temperature.
- the switch 6 comprises means for ensuring that the heat transfer material is again only in contact with the second end of the first conductor when the temperature drops below the critical temperature. These means will be described later.
- the heat transfer material 12 is in contact with the first conductor 2 connected to the hot source SC, the heat-transfer material 12 is therefore connected to the hot source SC and see any temperature variation of the hot source SC.
- T c critical temperature
- the volume of the heat transfer material 12 is sufficient to come into contact with the first end 4.1 of the second conductor 4.
- the thermal connection between the two conductors 2, 4 is then established ( Figure 1B), and heat flow is transferred from the hot source SC to the cold source SF.
- the heat is then removed, and the hot source SC is cooled.
- the change in volume may be of the order of 10%.
- the required volume variation depends on the properties of the variable volume material. The size of the chamber and the dimensions of the conductors are chosen accordingly.
- the switch 6 is therefore controlled directly by the heat emitted by the hot source SC.
- Figure 2A we can see a schematic representation of the different stages of the change in volume of the heat transfer material represented by dashed lines 12.1.
- Figure 2A shows the gradual increase in the volume of heat transfer material.
- the recovery of the first end 4.1 of the second conductor 2 by the heat transfer material 12 is progressive. Since the heat transfer is directly proportional to the contact surface, the transmitted heat flux also increases progressively. Therefore switch 6 forms a transfer variation thermal.
- This progressivity of the transfer is a function, in particular, of the dimension of the first end 4.1 of the second conductor 4 penetrating into the chamber 10 and being able to be surrounded by the heat transfer material 12. In fact, the shorter this length, the sooner the first end is completely rapidly covered. Thus, it is possible to adjust the progressivity of the thermal connection. This progressivity may allow a certain level of regulation within the system.
- the geometry and volume of the chamber and the confinement it generates, the amount of variable volume material, the distance between the conductors, the choice of material and the surface states to define the surface wettability and define the dynamics of the progress of the liquid front allow to adjust the responsiveness of the switch. For example, by promoting a small chamber volume, a short distance between the conductors, a wetting surface condition to promote heat transfer, and a fast phase transition of the phase change material, it is possible to obtain a reactive device. .
- the first end 4.1 of the second conductor 4 has an oblique face 14 with respect to the advanced front of the heat-transfer material 12.
- the contact between the heat-transfer material 12 and the first end 4.1 is made gradually, as can be seen in Figure 2C.
- the end 4.1 of the conductor 4 is provided with fingers 16, so that the contact between the heat-transfer material 12 and the first end 4.1 is even more progressive.
- the heat transfer material 12 firstly comes into contact with the longest finger 16.1, then with a second finger 16.2, simultaneously it covers the first finger 16.1 and so on until it covers all the fingers 16 and reaches a surface maximum thermal connection.
- the first end of the second conductor has a larger section than the rest of the driver, but this is in no way limiting.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B another embodiment of a thermal management system in which the switch is controlled by a heat source other than the hot source can be seen.
- the system comprises a third thermal conductor 18, one end of which penetrates into the chamber 10 and another end of which is connected to a source of heat.
- the heat transfer material 12 is, when the temperature is below the critical temperature only in contact with the third conductor 18.
- the third conductor 18 is located between the two ends 2.2, 4.1 of the first 2 and second 4 drivers.
- the volume of the heat transfer material 12 is sufficient to bring the ends 2.2, 4.1 of the first 2 and second 4 conductors into contact, providing the thermal connection between the two conductors 2, 4.
- the volume of the heat transfer material 12 is such that it is no longer in contact with any of the first and second conductors. It resumes its initial position, the thermal connection is interrupted.
- the volume variation of the heat transfer material takes place in this case in two opposite directions.
- the temperature of the third conductor 18 may be imposed by another thermal management system as we will see later.
- the third conductor may be disposed opposite the two thermal conductors.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B another embodiment can be seen in which the thermal connection is controlled by the overall temperature of the device on which the system is installed.
- the chamber 10 is subjected to the external temperature imposed by the entire device that it is desired to cool, the heat exchange is by natural convection through the wall of the chamber 10.
- T c a temperature critical temperature
- the heat transfer material is confined between the ends of the two conductors 2, 4 without contact with them.
- T c the volume of the heat transfer material 12 is sufficient to thermally connect the two conductors 2, 4.
- the material of the wall of the chamber 10 is such that it promotes natural convection.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B alternative embodiments of the thermal switch according to the invention can be seen.
- the switch makes it possible to connect four conductors 2, 4, 4 ', 4' ', in this case the connection is controlled by the hot source as for the system of FIG. 1A.
- the switch makes it possible to connect three thermal conductors 2, 4, 4 ', the connection control being done by an independent conductor 18 of the hot source SC as in the example of FIG. 5B.
- FIGS. 6A and 6B an example of a thermal management system can be seen in several planes.
- the system comprises a first system similar to that of Figure 1A comprising a hot source SC, a first conductor 402 connected to the hot source SC, a second conductor 404 connected to a first cold source SF1 and a switch 406 for connecting the two conductors 402, 404, on which is superimposed a substrate 408 having a thermal conductor 422 through the substrate 408 forming a thermal via, a conductor 424 deposited on the substrate 408 and a second cold source SF2.
- the thermal via 422 opening above the switch 406 in the upper wall has an opening to allow the contacting of the heat transfer material with the thermal via 422.
- the switch 406 is controlled directly by the hot source SC.
- the volume of the heat transfer material provides the thermal connection between the first 402 and the second conductor 404 and thus the hot source SC with the first cold source SFl.
- the heat accumulated in the heat-transfer material increases, its volume increases until it reaches the upper wall of the switch 406 and comes into contact with the thermal via 422.
- the hot source SC is then connected to the first SF1 and to the second heat sink SF2.
- the volume variation is in two orthogonal directions.
- variable volume material 12 is a solid-liquid phase change material
- the thermal connection between the hot source SC and the first cold source SF1 is established while only a part of the material 12 is in the liquid state.
- the connection with the second heat source SC2 is established after an additional portion of the material is passed to the liquid state.
- the switch 406 detects it and provides a connection with a second cold source to increase the heat flux extracted from the hot source.
- one or more hot springs are connected to several cold sources by means of systems according to the present invention.
- the architecture of FIG. 7 comprises a system S1 similar to that of FIG. 1A, a management system S2 similar to that of FIG. 3A and a third management system S3 combining management systems of FIGS. 1A and 3A.
- the first system SI comprises a first conductor 102 connected to a first heat source SCI, a second conductor 104 connected to a first cold source SF1, a switch 106 controlled directly by the temperature of the hot source SCI.
- the second system S2 comprises a first conductor 202 connected to a second heat source SC2, a second conductor 204 connected to a second cold source SF2, and a switch 206.
- a third conductor 218 controls the switching of the second connector 206, the third conductor 218 being at the temperature of the first switch 106 and therefore at the critical temperature of the first system SI.
- the third system S3 comprises a first conductor 302 connected to a third hot source SC3 and a second conductor 304 connected to a third cold source SF3 through the switch 306 ', the first 302 and second 304 conductors being able to be connected by a third switch 306 directly controlled by the temperature of the hot source SC3.
- the third system S3 also comprises a fourth switch 306 'controlled by a conductor 318 connected to the second cold source SF2.
- the third system also comprises a conductor 320 connecting the fourth switch 306 'to the third cold source SF3.
- the heat transfer material of the first switch 206 contacts the first and second conductors 102, 104, the thermal connection between the first hot and cold sources is established.
- the third conductor 218 of the second system S2 is covered by the heat transfer material of the first switch 106 of the first system SI, it is then at the critical temperature T c .
- the volume of the heat transfer material of the second switch 206 increases to establish the thermal connection between the second hot sources SC2 and cold SF2. In the configuration shown, the material of the first switch 106 will reach the third conductor 218 before reaching the second conductor 104.
- the thermal connection between the third heat source SC3 and the third cold source SF3 is controlled by the switch 306 which is controlled directly by the third heat source SC3 and the switch 306 'which is controlled by the second heat sink SF2.
- the third hot source SC3 will initially be in contact with the second cold source SF2 and then in contact with the second and third cold sources SF2 and SF3 if the heat flow is sufficient.
- each of the systems may comprise a heat transfer material different from other systems adapted for example to the critical temperature of each system.
- FIGS. 8A to 8C there can be seen a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a thermal management system according to the present system such as that of FIG. 1A.
- a cavity 26 forming the chamber 10 of the switch 6 is formed in the substrate 8, and first and second 4 conductors are made on the upper face 8.1 of the substrate 8.
- the first conductor 2 has an end 2.2 penetrating the cavity 26 more deeply than the end 4.1 of the second conductor 4, so that the first conductor 2 is in contact with the heat-transfer material when the latter is not expanded.
- the cavity 26 has a shape such that it promotes the return of the heat transfer material to its offline location.
- the cavity 26 has a first portion 26.1 deeper shaped rectangular parallelepiped and a second portion 26.2 opening on the surface of the substrate 8; the second part has two opposite inclined faces 28 opening towards the upper surface.
- the surfaces of the cavity may advantageously undergo a treatment facilitating the "dewetting" of the material during the reduction of the volume of the material, which improves its return to a state of disconnection of the system.
- the parallelepipedal shape of the bottom of the cavity is in no way limiting and it could have an inclined shape, cylindrical or rounded ....
- the first conductor 2 extends the entire length of one side 28 of the second portion 26.2 while the second conductor 4 extends over only a portion of a side 28 opposite to that on which the first conductor 2 is located.
- the heat transfer material fills the first portion 26.1 and the bottom of the second portion 26.2 so as to be in contact with the first conductor 2, as can be seen in Figure 1C.
- the switch is controlled directly by the hot source.
- T c critical temperature
- the volume of the heat transfer material has decreased so that it is no longer in contact with the second conductor 4.
- the flared shape of the second portion 26.1 of the cavity 26 ensures the return to its disconnected position of the heat transfer material.
- the cavity has inclined walls over its entire height.
- the cavity 26 could have a frustoconical shape.
- the shape of Figure 8A presents the advantage of being able to make planar conductors on the edges of the second part of the cavity.
- FIG. 10 we can see another embodiment of a switch in which the second portion of the cavity has an inverted pyramid shape.
- the first conductor 2 is made in the substrate 8 and opens into the bottom of the cavity 26 and the second conductor 4 is similar to that of Figure 8A. However, it extends more deeply than the second conductor 4 of FIG. 8A, since the quantity of heat-transfer material can be reduced, the contact with the first conductor 2 being ensured in the bottom of the cavity 26.
- the cavity 26 has at least one inclined edge.
- the system can also be encapsulated as shown in FIG. 8C.
- the system of FIG. 8C has a cover 30 sealing the cavity 26 thus making the use of the device very convenient and easy.
- the cover 30, for example made of glass or metal, is for example fixed in a sealed manner on the substrate 8 by a bead of glue.
- the surface of the phase change material is in contact with the ambient air with which it exchanges heat only by natural convection.
- the melting of the phase change material begins. This fusion absorbs energy in latent form. Natural convection currents gradually take place in the liquid phase change material.
- a phase change material formed of pure paraffin wax and highly conductive graphite nanoparticles Some compositions carry the thermal conductivity of the phase change material at a value around the unit (SI) [0]. After starting natural convection in the liquid phase change material, the melting process is driven by natural convection.
- phase change material passing into the liquid phase increases in volume and comes into contact with the second conductor 4.
- phase-change material loaded in graphical nanoparticles whose characteristics are:
- T pc Phase change temperature
- the heat transfer material is, for example, a phase change material.
- Phase change materials have the advantage of being available in wide temperature ranges.
- Phase change materials have the particularity of being able to store energy in the form of latent heat. The heat being absorbed or restored during the transition from the solid state to the liquid state and vice versa.
- Phase change materials having a solid-liquid transition in the temperature range of interest are preferably selected. Phase change materials having a solid-liquid transition in the temperature range considered can be envisaged however, the transformation is generally very slow, which can be detrimental to the reactivity of the system.
- phase change materials liquefy by absorbing heat from the ambient atmosphere and return it when the temperature drops.
- paraffins such as eicosane, docosane and tricosane or other inorganic materials such as salts, salt hydrates or metal hydrides may be chosen. Paraffins have the advantage of being thermally stable and inexpensive. On the other hand, they have a relatively low thermal conductivity. Paraffins associated with heat conducting elements capable of efficiently transferring heat into and out of the material can also be used. These elements can be heat sinks, partitions, fins, graphite nanofibers, metal foams, conductive particles in dispersion, micro-encapsulations of phase-change material, carbon nanotubes whose supposed thermal conductivity is very high.
- the substrate 8 preferably has a low thermal conductivity in order to limit the heat leakage from the thermal conductors 2, 4.
- the substrate may be made of a polymer material such as epoxy or in a ceramic. It is also possible to consider silicon which is used for the manufacture of electronic components. Given its relatively high thermal conductivity, a barrier thermal layer such as an oxide layer SiO 2 will be formed on the upper face of the substrate carrying the conductors.
- the epoxy has a thermal conductivity of 0.25 Wm -1 .K -1 .
- Ceramics have a thermal conductivity of the order of 0.49 Wm ⁇ . K ⁇ .
- Silicon has a thermal conductivity of 149 Wm -1 .K _1 and silicon oxide has a thermal conductivity of some Watt .m -1 .K -1.
- the structuring of the substrate is obtained by techniques widely known to those skilled in the art: molding, machining; in the case of silicon, these are microelectronics techniques: wet etching, dry etching, electrochemical etching, etc.
- the conductors it can be made by photolithography.
- the conductors are for example made of aluminum of thermal conductivity equal to 237 Wm _1 .K _1 , gold of thermal conductivity equal to 317 Wm ⁇ .K -1 or copper of thermal conductivity equal to 390 Wm ⁇ .K "1 .
- the system can then form an electrical switch and / or optical and / or magnetic.
- the thermal management system forms a thermal switch controlling the passage or not of a heat flow. Switching can be performed automatically and provide thermal regulation between the hot source and the cold source autonomously. It can also form a thermal regulator, since the gradual variation of the volume of the heat-transfer material makes it possible to regulate heat flow transfers.
- variable volume heat transfer elements store the heat, they therefore form a buffer in the progression of heat flow. They thus form thermal sinks.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Control Of Temperature (AREA)
- Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
- Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1155511A FR2977121B1 (fr) | 2011-06-22 | 2011-06-22 | Systeme de gestion thermique a materiau a volume variable |
| PCT/EP2012/062001 WO2012175627A2 (fr) | 2011-06-22 | 2012-06-21 | Systeme de gestion thermique a materiau a volume variable |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2724108A2 true EP2724108A2 (fr) | 2014-04-30 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12728606.0A Withdrawn EP2724108A2 (fr) | 2011-06-22 | 2012-06-21 | Systeme de gestion thermique a materiau a volume variable |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20140158334A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2724108A2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2977121B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2012175627A2 (fr) |
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| FR2934709B1 (fr) * | 2008-08-01 | 2010-09-10 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Structure d'echange thermique et dispositif de refroidissement comportant une telle structure. |
| FR2961956B1 (fr) | 2010-06-23 | 2012-08-17 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Thermogenerateur a materiaux a changement de phase |
| FR2985249B1 (fr) | 2012-01-02 | 2014-03-07 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de transfert d'objets sur un substrat a l'aide d'un film compact de particules |
| FR2986720B1 (fr) | 2012-02-10 | 2014-03-28 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de depot de particules sur un substrat, comprenant une etape de structuration d'un film de particules sur un convoyeur liquide |
| FR2986722B1 (fr) | 2012-02-10 | 2014-03-28 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de transfert d'objets sur un substrat a l'aide d'un film compact de particules, avec une etape de realisation de connecteurs sur les objets |
| FR2986721B1 (fr) | 2012-02-10 | 2014-06-27 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de depot d'un film de particules sur un substrat via un convoyeur liquide, comprenant une etape de structuration du film sur le substrat |
| FR2986908B1 (fr) | 2012-02-14 | 2014-03-28 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif de recuperation et de conversion d'energie thermique en energie electrique |
| FR2995228B1 (fr) | 2012-09-10 | 2014-09-05 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de formation d'un film de particules sur liquide porteur, avec deplacement d'une rampe inclinee de compression des particules |
| FR3005432B1 (fr) | 2013-05-13 | 2015-06-05 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de depot d'un film compact de particules sur la surface interieure d'une piece presentant un creux delimite par cette surface interieure |
| FR3006111B1 (fr) | 2013-05-24 | 2016-11-25 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif de conversion d'energie thermique en energie electrique a molecules thermo-sensibles |
| FR3008691B1 (fr) | 2013-07-22 | 2016-12-23 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif comportant un canal fluidique muni d'au moins un systeme micro ou nanoelectronique et procede de realisation d'un tel dispositif |
| FR3008690B1 (fr) | 2013-07-22 | 2016-12-23 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif comportant un canal fluidique muni d'au moins un systeme micro ou nanoelectronique et procede de realisation d'un tel dispositif |
| FR3011752B1 (fr) | 2013-10-11 | 2015-12-25 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Installation et procede a rendement ameliore de formation d'un film compact de particules a la surface d'un liquide porteur |
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| FR3027449B1 (fr) | 2014-10-21 | 2017-10-20 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede ameliore de realisation d'interconnexions pour circuit integre 3d |
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| JP6662239B2 (ja) * | 2016-08-08 | 2020-03-11 | 株式会社デンソー | 熱スイッチ装置 |
| FR3059152B1 (fr) * | 2016-11-21 | 2019-01-25 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Dispositif de transfert thermique, de connexion electrique et dispositif electronique |
| KR102701849B1 (ko) * | 2017-01-26 | 2024-09-02 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 적응적 열 저항 및 열 용량을 사용하는 열 관리 장치 및 방법 |
| CN107168415B (zh) * | 2017-06-01 | 2020-03-31 | 西南电子技术研究所(中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所) | 快响应相变温控装置 |
| US10375855B2 (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2019-08-06 | Honeywell International Inc. | Systems and methods for zero power automatic thermal regulation |
| EP3733527B1 (fr) | 2017-12-29 | 2022-08-17 | Airbus Defence and Space SA | Connecteur thermique à conductance élevée |
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| CN109060495B (zh) * | 2018-09-11 | 2024-03-15 | 四川省机械研究设计院(集团)有限公司 | 可调节热阻的装置 |
| US11519643B2 (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2022-12-06 | Kiutra Gmbh | Thermal switch |
| DE102019123908A1 (de) * | 2019-09-05 | 2021-03-11 | Karl Storz Se & Co. Kg | Vorrichtung zur Wärmeableitung und Verwendung einer solchen Vorrichtung |
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| US11267551B2 (en) | 2019-11-15 | 2022-03-08 | General Electric Company | System and method for cooling a leading edge of a high speed vehicle |
| US11260953B2 (en) | 2019-11-15 | 2022-03-01 | General Electric Company | System and method for cooling a leading edge of a high speed vehicle |
| US11427330B2 (en) | 2019-11-15 | 2022-08-30 | General Electric Company | System and method for cooling a leading edge of a high speed vehicle |
| US11260976B2 (en) | 2019-11-15 | 2022-03-01 | General Electric Company | System for reducing thermal stresses in a leading edge of a high speed vehicle |
| US11352120B2 (en) | 2019-11-15 | 2022-06-07 | General Electric Company | System and method for cooling a leading edge of a high speed vehicle |
| US11204206B2 (en) | 2020-05-18 | 2021-12-21 | Envertic Thermal Systems, Llc | Thermal switch |
| US11745847B2 (en) | 2020-12-08 | 2023-09-05 | General Electric Company | System and method for cooling a leading edge of a high speed vehicle |
| US11407488B2 (en) | 2020-12-14 | 2022-08-09 | General Electric Company | System and method for cooling a leading edge of a high speed vehicle |
| US11577817B2 (en) | 2021-02-11 | 2023-02-14 | General Electric Company | System and method for cooling a leading edge of a high speed vehicle |
| US12001228B2 (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2024-06-04 | Alliance For Sustainable Energy, Llc | Thermal diode and thermal switch for bi-directional heat transfer in building envelopes |
| CN113097599B (zh) * | 2021-04-07 | 2022-07-01 | 华北电力大学 | 基于过冷相变材料被动式电池热调节器、方法和管理系统 |
| CN115700333B (zh) * | 2022-10-11 | 2026-02-06 | 内蒙古工业大学 | 自调节式供热装置 |
| CN116056412A (zh) * | 2022-10-31 | 2023-05-02 | 中国航天三江集团有限公司 | 一种高性能可视化蓄能可调均温板及其使用方法 |
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-
2011
- 2011-06-22 FR FR1155511A patent/FR2977121B1/fr active Active
-
2012
- 2012-06-21 WO PCT/EP2012/062001 patent/WO2012175627A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 2012-06-21 EP EP12728606.0A patent/EP2724108A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-06-21 US US14/128,266 patent/US20140158334A1/en not_active Abandoned
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| Title |
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| None * |
| See also references of WO2012175627A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2977121A1 (fr) | 2012-12-28 |
| WO2012175627A3 (fr) | 2013-02-21 |
| WO2012175627A2 (fr) | 2012-12-27 |
| FR2977121B1 (fr) | 2014-04-25 |
| US20140158334A1 (en) | 2014-06-12 |
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