EP2722931A1 - Elément de contact électrique - Google Patents

Elément de contact électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2722931A1
EP2722931A1 EP13166456.7A EP13166456A EP2722931A1 EP 2722931 A1 EP2722931 A1 EP 2722931A1 EP 13166456 A EP13166456 A EP 13166456A EP 2722931 A1 EP2722931 A1 EP 2722931A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
contact element
coating
tin
weight
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13166456.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Markus Gärtner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Delphi Technologies Inc
Original Assignee
Delphi Technologies Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Delphi Technologies Inc filed Critical Delphi Technologies Inc
Priority to EP13166456.7A priority Critical patent/EP2722931A1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2013/071026 priority patent/WO2014060254A1/fr
Publication of EP2722931A1 publication Critical patent/EP2722931A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
    • C25D5/50—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/627—Electroplating characterised by the visual appearance of the layers, e.g. colour, brightness or mat appearance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/02—Contact members
    • H01R13/03—Contact members characterised by the material, e.g. plating, or coating materials
    • H01R13/035—Plated dielectric material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/58—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation characterised by the form or material of the contacting members
    • H01R4/62—Connections between conductors of different materials; Connections between or with aluminium or steel-core aluminium conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/10—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation
    • H01R4/18—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping
    • H01R4/183—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping for cylindrical elongated bodies, e.g. cables having circular cross-section
    • H01R4/184—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping for cylindrical elongated bodies, e.g. cables having circular cross-section comprising a U-shaped wire-receiving portion
    • H01R4/185—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping for cylindrical elongated bodies, e.g. cables having circular cross-section comprising a U-shaped wire-receiving portion combined with a U-shaped insulation-receiving portion

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrical contact element having a coating containing tin and zinc, and to a method for producing such a contact element.
  • a possible, in principle suitable for the replacement of the copper conductors conductor material is aluminum, which has a light density as a low density and thus a low weight.
  • Galvanic corrosion reduces the amount of aluminum compared to that of less noble metal compared to copper, which significantly reduces the electrical conductivity at the contact points between the conductor material and the contact element, and therefore a need for reliable corrosion protection in the use of aluminum-containing conductor material in combination with a made of copper electrical contact element consists.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide an electrical contact element, which can be used in combination with an aluminum-containing conductor material and provides reliable protection against corrosion.
  • the contact element according to the invention comprises a connection section, which is formed from a copper sheet and has a coating which contains tin and zinc.
  • the invention is based on the general idea that the electrochemical potential of the connection section is approximated to the lower potential of aluminum according to the electrochemical voltage series by coating the connecting section of the contact element produced from copper sheet for contacting with an aluminum-containing conductor material.
  • the difference between the potentials of copper and aluminum is at least approximately compensated and thus the driving force of the corrosion is reduced so that it is no longer in a critical range.
  • This corrosion protection is achieved in particular by the fact that the coating with tin and zinc contains two elements in the electrochemical voltage series between copper and aluminum.
  • the contact element according to the invention has excellent protection against corrosion at the contact point between the contact element and an aluminum-containing conductor material while minimizing contact resistance due to optimum electrical conductivity of the coating, whereby an optimal contacting of the conductor material is permanently ensured.
  • the contact element according to the invention is generally suitable for contacting aluminum-containing lines.
  • the contact element can be used in vehicle construction, since in this way instead of copper-containing lines aluminum-containing lines can be used, whereby a reduction in vehicle weight and thus fuel savings and reduced carbon dioxide emissions can be achieved.
  • the terminal portion of the electrical contact element is a region suitable for receiving the conductor material of an electric wire, such as a lead wire. a cable is provided. In this case, the connection with the conductor material, for example by crimping done.
  • connection section of the electrical contact element is formed from a copper sheet.
  • other sections and in particular the complete contact element may be formed from a copper sheet.
  • the contact element may be a stamped / bent part.
  • the coating is applied in each case on the connection portion of the electrical contact element.
  • the coating may also be present in further regions of the contact element, it being conceivable in principle that the coating completely covers the surface of the contact element.
  • the coating is limited only to the terminal portion of the contact element and the remaining portions of the contact element, in particular a provided for contacting a complementary contact element area, e.g. a male or female portion, have no coating to ensure an optimum electrical connection between the contact elements.
  • the coating comprises a second layer containing zinc and a first layer disposed between the second layer and the copper sheet and containing tin.
  • the second layer is preferably formed as an outer layer.
  • the second layer preferably directly adjoins the first layer, i. the second layer is preferably directly above the first layer.
  • the first layer preferably contains at least 80% by weight of tin, more preferably at least 90% by weight of tin, even more preferably at least 95% by weight of tin, and most preferably at least 98% by weight of tin, based on 100% by weight. the first layer.
  • the first layer may also be made of tin.
  • the thickness of the first layer is preferably in a range of 1 to 15 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 to 10 ⁇ m, even more preferably 3 to 7 ⁇ m, most preferably 4 to 6 ⁇ m.
  • the second layer preferably contains at least 80% by weight of zinc, more preferably at least 90% by weight of zinc, even more preferably at least 95% by weight of zinc, and most preferably at least 98% by weight of zinc based on 100% by weight. the second layer.
  • the second layer may also be zinc.
  • the thickness of the second layer is preferably in a range from 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m, more preferably from 0.5 to 3 ⁇ m, even more preferably from 0.7 to 2.5 ⁇ m and most preferably from 0.8 to 2, 2 ⁇ m.
  • the coating may comprise, in addition to the first and second layers, a third layer disposed between the first layer and the copper sheet and containing tin.
  • a third layer is present, for example, when a copper sheet is used as the starting material for the production of the electrical contact element, which is provided with a tin coating applied by hot tinning. If there is a third layer, for example in the case of a hot-dip copper sheet, it is considered to be part of the coating and not part of the copper sheet.
  • a third layer it preferably contains at least 80% by weight of tin, more preferably at least 90% by weight of tin, very preferably at least 95% by weight of tin and most preferably at least 98% by weight of tin 100% by weight of the third layer.
  • the third layer may also be made of tin.
  • the thickness of the third layer may be in a range of 0.01 to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 0.5 to 3.5 ⁇ m, and more preferably 1 to 2 ⁇ m.
  • the third layer directly adjoins the first layer and / or the copper sheet of the contact element. If no third layer is provided, the first layer may alternatively be applied directly to the copper sheet of the contact element and adjoin it.
  • intermetallic phase regions can be present between the layers, which are formed, for example, by diffusion processes during storage of the coating over a relatively long period of time or are formed specifically by a heat treatment.
  • an intermetallic phase region may be present between the first and second layers.
  • the thickness of these intermetallic phase regions may be 0.01 to 3 .mu.m, preferably 0.1 to 2 .mu.m, particularly preferably 0.25 to 1.5 .mu.m and most preferably 0.5 to 1 .mu.m.
  • the total thickness of the coating in particular independently of the above-described thicknesses of the individual first, second and optional third layer, can be 1 to 25 ⁇ m, preferably 2 to 20 ⁇ m, more preferably 3 to 15 ⁇ m and most preferably 4 to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of a possibly existing intermetallic phase region which directly adjoins the copper sheet counts with the total thickness of the coating.
  • the coating described above with a first layer containing tin, a second layer containing zinc, and optionally a third layer containing tin can in principle already serve as corrosion protection on its own. However, it is preferably used as an intermediate for the production of a coating in which, for example by means of a heat treatment, at least partial mixing of the first, second and optionally third layer takes place. In particular, such a mixture can form a tin-containing and zinc-containing alloy.
  • the coating preferably contains 50 to 95% by weight of tin and 5 to 50% by weight of zinc, particularly preferably 60 to 85% by weight of tin and 15 to 40% by weight of zinc, even more preferably 65 to 80% by weight of tin and 20 to 35% by weight of zinc, most preferably 70 to 75% by weight of tin and 25 to 30% by weight of zinc, based in each case on 100% by weight the coating.
  • the sum of tin and zinc is preferably at least 90% by weight, based on 100% by weight of the coating.
  • the remainder to 100% by weight of the coating may form conventional ingredients used in tin and / or zinc alloys and / or unavoidable impurities.
  • the tin and zinc content of the coating can be adjusted by the choice of suitable layer thicknesses, even if at least partial mixing of the layers is provided.
  • the coating preferably contains 50 to 95% by weight of tin and 5 to 50% by weight of zinc, particularly preferably 60 to 85% by weight of tin and 15 to 40% by weight of zinc, even more preferably 65 to 80% by weight of tin and 20 to 35% by weight of zinc, most preferably 70 to 75% by weight of tin and 25 to 30% by weight of zinc, in each case based on 100% by weight of the coating.
  • the sum of tin and zinc is at least 95% by weight, based on 100% by weight of the coating.
  • the remainder to 100% by weight of the coating may form conventional ingredients used in tin and / or zinc alloys and / or unavoidable impurities.
  • the coating preferably contains 50 to 95% by weight of tin and 5 to 50% by weight of zinc, particularly preferably 60 to 85% by weight of tin and 15 to 40% by weight of zinc, more preferably 65 to 80 wt .-% tin and 20 to 35 wt .-% zinc, most preferably 70 to 75 wt .-% tin and 25 to 30 wt .-% zinc in each case based on 100 wt .-% of the coating.
  • the sum of tin and zinc is at least 98% by weight, based on 100% by weight of the coating.
  • the remainder to 100% by weight of the coating may form conventional ingredients used in tin and / or zinc alloys and / or unavoidable impurities.
  • the coating consists of tin and zinc and contains at most unavoidable impurities.
  • the coating preferably contains 50 to 95 wt .-% tin and 5 to 50 wt .-% zinc, more preferably 60 to 85 wt .-% tin and 15 to 40 wt .-% zinc, still more preferably 65 to 80 wt % Of tin and 20 to 35% by weight of zinc, most preferably 70 to 75% by weight of tin and 25 to 30% by weight of zinc, in each case based on 100% by weight of the coating.
  • the zinc concentration within the coating may increase from the outside of the coating towards the copper sheet.
  • an intermetallic phase region may be present at the boundary to the copper sheet, which in particular has a thickness of 0.01 to 3 ⁇ m, preferably 0.1 to 2 ⁇ m, more preferably from 0.25 to 1.5 ⁇ m, and most preferably from 0.5 to 1 ⁇ m.
  • the coating produced by at least partially mixing the original layers may have a total thickness of from 1 to 25 ⁇ m, preferably from 2 to 20 ⁇ m, more preferably from 3 to 15 ⁇ m, and most preferably from 4 to 10 ⁇ m. In this case, the thickness of a possibly existing intermetallic phase region which directly adjoins the copper sheet counts with the total thickness of the coating.
  • the zinc content is in a range of 20 to 35 wt .-% and the tin content in a range of 65 to 80 wt .-%, each based on 100 wt .-% of the coating, the sum of Zinc and tin is at least 95 wt .-% based on 100 wt .-% of the coating and the total thickness of the coating is in a range of 3 to 10 microns.
  • the shape of the main body to which the layers are applied is not particularly limited.
  • the main body may already have the final shape of the contact element.
  • the base body can be brought into the final shape of the contact element only after its coating by forming steps such as punching and / or bending.
  • the coating is preferably applied only to a region of the base body provided as a connection section.
  • the coating it is also conceivable to provide further areas of the main body, in particular the complete main body, with the coating.
  • the first layer can be applied directly to the copper sheet of the base body, so that the first layer immediately adjoins the copper sheet after application.
  • a third layer as described above can also be applied.
  • the first, the second and the optional third layer are preferably applied in such a way that the above-described relative arrangement of the layers results from one another.
  • the layers of the coating preferably directly adjoin one another, and the third layer preferably directly adjoins the copper sheet of the connection section.
  • the first layer and the second layer preferably have the compositions described above, in particular with regard to the respective metals used in the first and second layer and their contents.
  • the optional third layer also preferably has the composition described above, in particular with respect to the tin content.
  • the method of applying the layers is not particularly limited.
  • at least one layer may be deposited by a method selected from the group consisting of electroplating, vapor deposition, sputtering, dip coating, spray coating, and any combination of the foregoing methods.
  • the electroplating process may comprise further process steps customary in electroplating, such as, for example, degreasing, rinsing and / or the removal of surface oxides.
  • the third layer is preferably applied by means of dip coating.
  • the base body as already described above, be hot-dipped, for example, by immersion in a bath of molten tin.
  • the third layer may already be present in that a commercially available body made of hot-dipped copper sheet is used.
  • a heat treatment can be carried out in order to achieve the above-described at least partial mixing between the originally applied first, second and optionally third layer.
  • a mixture can form a tin- and zinc-containing alloy.
  • an intermetallic phase region is formed at the boundary between the coating and the copper sheet of the base body.
  • the heat treatment may be carried out in a temperature range of 50 to 350 ° C, preferably from 80 to 300 ° C, more preferably from 200 to 280 ° C, most preferably from 220 to 270 ° C and most preferably from 230 to 250 ° C.
  • the temperature after heating is preferably maintained for a period of 1 second to 48 hours, more preferably from 3 seconds to 12 hours, even more preferably from 5 seconds to 5 minutes, and most preferably from 5 seconds to 2 minutes.
  • the heat treatment is carried out at a temperature in the range of 200 to 280 ° C, which is held for a period of 5 seconds to 5 minutes.
  • the heat treatment is carried out at a temperature in the range of 220 to 270 ° C, which is held for a period of 5 seconds to 2 minutes.
  • the sequence of the forming steps and the steps for applying the coating is not particularly fixed.
  • the method may comprise the steps of stamping the base body from a copper strip and bending it into a contact element, wherein at least one layer of the coating is applied between the punching and the bending or after the bending. It is also possible to carry out the heat treatment after the application of the layers before or after the bending.
  • the present invention also provides an electrical contact element obtainable by a method as described above.
  • Fig. 1 and 2 show an electrical contact element 1, which has a contact portion 3 for contacting a complementary contact element and a connection portion 5 for connecting an electrical line 15.
  • the connection section 5 is in turn subdivided into a crimp section 7 with crimp wings 9 and a holding section 11 with holding wings 13, which are provided for fastening the electric line 15.
  • the Crimpulatel 9 of the crimping section 7 crimped to stripped conductor material 17 of the electrical line 15, while the retaining wings 13 of the holding portion 11 are crimped to the insulation 19 of the electrical line 15 ( Fig. 2 ).
  • connection section 5 is formed from a copper sheet 21 and provided with a coating 23, which in Fig. 3 is shown schematically.
  • a third layer 29 of tin is first provided by hot tinning.
  • an electrodeposited first layer 25 made of tin is followed by an electrodeposited first layer 25 made of tin.
  • a galvanically applied second layer 27 made of zinc is then provided on the side facing away from the copper sheet 21.
  • Fig. 4 shows the state of in Fig. 3 shown coating 23 after a heat treatment. Due to the heat treatment, the original third layer 29, the original first layer 25 and the original second layer 27 have been mixed to form a modified layer 31 containing tin and zinc. Furthermore, an intermetallic phase region 33 is present in the boundary region between the modified layer 31 and the copper sheet 21.
  • a copper strip comprising preforms stamped from copper sheet 21 with a hot-dip tinning (third layer 29), which can be brought into the shape of the electrical contact element 1 by bending, is first subjected to a pretreatment before electroplating.
  • those areas of the preform that form the connection section 5 are successively hot degreased, rinsed, degreased electrolytically, rinsed, freed from surface oxides and rinsed again.
  • a tin layer is electroplated as the first layer 25 on the thus pretreated terminal portion 5 of the hot-dipped preform, wherein the electroplating is carried out for 15 minutes at room temperature and a current density of 1 A / dm 2 in an aqueous bath having a tin ion concentration of 80 g / L (eg by means of STANNOSTAR TM HMM 2 LF, fluoborate-free matte tin electrolyte from Enthone).
  • the thus obtained first layer 25 of tin has a thickness of 7 microns.
  • a tin layer can be applied, which only has a thickness of 2 ⁇ m. For this purpose, the tinning is carried out under otherwise identical conditions for 5 minutes.
  • the portions of the preform comprising the first layer 25 are rinsed, freed from surface oxides, and rinsed again before electroplating a second layer 27 of zinc onto the first layer 25.
  • this galvanizing takes place for 3 minutes at room temperature and a current density of 1.5 A / dm 2 in an aqueous bath, which has a zinc ion concentration of 160 g / L (eg by means of ENTHOBRITE acid zinc electrolyte from Enthone).
  • the second layer 27 of zinc thus obtained has a thickness of 1 ⁇ m.
  • the preform After galvanizing, the preform is rinsed again and dried for 3 minutes at 40 ° C. To complete the electrical contact element 1, the preform is separated by punching from the copper strip and brought by bending in its final form.
  • the contact element 1 obtained in this way can now be connected by crimping to the electrical line 15.
  • the contact element 1 may previously be subjected to a heat treatment in which the contact element 1 is heated to 240 ° C. within 2 minutes and kept at this temperature for 1 minute, before it is allowed to cool to room temperature again.
  • the original hot-dip tinning (third layer 29), the original first layer 25 and the original second layer 27 are mixed to form a modified layer 31, and the intermetallic phase region 33 in the boundary region between the modified layer 31 and the copper sheet 21 is formed in a targeted manner ( Fig. 4 ).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Non-Insulated Conductors (AREA)
EP13166456.7A 2012-10-16 2013-05-03 Elément de contact électrique Withdrawn EP2722931A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13166456.7A EP2722931A1 (fr) 2012-10-16 2013-05-03 Elément de contact électrique
PCT/EP2013/071026 WO2014060254A1 (fr) 2012-10-16 2013-10-09 Élément de contact électrique

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12188671.7A EP2722930A1 (fr) 2012-10-16 2012-10-16 Élément de contact avec revêtement
EP13166456.7A EP2722931A1 (fr) 2012-10-16 2013-05-03 Elément de contact électrique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2722931A1 true EP2722931A1 (fr) 2014-04-23

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12188671.7A Withdrawn EP2722930A1 (fr) 2012-10-16 2012-10-16 Élément de contact avec revêtement
EP13166456.7A Withdrawn EP2722931A1 (fr) 2012-10-16 2013-05-03 Elément de contact électrique

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12188671.7A Withdrawn EP2722930A1 (fr) 2012-10-16 2012-10-16 Élément de contact avec revêtement

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EP (2) EP2722930A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014060254A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10799643B2 (en) 2015-12-22 2020-10-13 Copernicus Sp. Z O.O. Drive-control system for an injection device
US11052194B2 (en) 2016-07-07 2021-07-06 Copernicus Sp. Z O.O. Injection device for delivering a defined number of equal doses of a fluid substance

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3012919B8 (fr) 2014-10-20 2019-01-09 Aptiv Technologies Limited Élément de contact électrique et méthode associée
MY193755A (en) 2017-01-30 2022-10-27 Mitsubishi Materials Corp Terminal material for connectors, terminal, and electric wire termination structure
JP6686965B2 (ja) 2017-05-16 2020-04-22 三菱マテリアル株式会社 錫めっき付銅端子材及び端子並びに電線端末部構造

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5597656A (en) * 1993-04-05 1997-01-28 The Louis Berkman Company Coated metal strip
US6136460A (en) * 1998-04-03 2000-10-24 Olin Corporation Tin coatings incorporating selected elemental additions to reduce discoloration
US20110014825A1 (en) * 2009-07-16 2011-01-20 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Electrical terminal connection with galvanic sacrificial metal

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1302565B1 (fr) * 2001-10-11 2004-09-22 FRANZ Oberflächentechnik GmbH & Co KG Méthode de recouvrement des surfaces d'alliages de métaux légers
JP5237154B2 (ja) * 2009-03-04 2013-07-17 株式会社オートネットワーク技術研究所 圧着端子および端子付き電線

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5597656A (en) * 1993-04-05 1997-01-28 The Louis Berkman Company Coated metal strip
US6136460A (en) * 1998-04-03 2000-10-24 Olin Corporation Tin coatings incorporating selected elemental additions to reduce discoloration
US20110014825A1 (en) * 2009-07-16 2011-01-20 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Electrical terminal connection with galvanic sacrificial metal

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10799643B2 (en) 2015-12-22 2020-10-13 Copernicus Sp. Z O.O. Drive-control system for an injection device
US11623050B2 (en) 2015-12-22 2023-04-11 Nemera Szczecin Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia Drive-control system for an injection device
US11052194B2 (en) 2016-07-07 2021-07-06 Copernicus Sp. Z O.O. Injection device for delivering a defined number of equal doses of a fluid substance
US11992658B2 (en) 2016-07-07 2024-05-28 Nemera Szczecin Spolka Z Ograniczonaodpowiedzialnoscia Injection device for delivering a defined number of equal doses of a fluid substance

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Publication number Publication date
EP2722930A1 (fr) 2014-04-23
WO2014060254A1 (fr) 2014-04-24

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