EP2721696B1 - Fil pour contacts par frottement et contacts par frottement - Google Patents

Fil pour contacts par frottement et contacts par frottement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2721696B1
EP2721696B1 EP12732967.0A EP12732967A EP2721696B1 EP 2721696 B1 EP2721696 B1 EP 2721696B1 EP 12732967 A EP12732967 A EP 12732967A EP 2721696 B1 EP2721696 B1 EP 2721696B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wire
contact
coating
counter
weight
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP12732967.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2721696A1 (fr
Inventor
Reinhold Weiland
Thomas Hild
Patrick Baake
Harald Manhardt
Bernd Gehlert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Heraeus Deutschland GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Heraeus Deutschland GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2721696A1 publication Critical patent/EP2721696A1/fr
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Publication of EP2721696B1 publication Critical patent/EP2721696B1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
    • H01B1/026—Alloys based on copper
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/02—Contact members
    • H01R13/33—Contact members made of resilient wire
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/18—Contacts for co-operation with commutator or slip-ring, e.g. contact brush
    • H01R39/20—Contacts for co-operation with commutator or slip-ring, e.g. contact brush characterised by the material thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wire for making a sliding contact.
  • the invention also relates to a sliding contact with such a wire.
  • the invention relates to a potentiometric sensor, potentiometer, slider, position sensor, rotary switch, electric motor, generator, wind turbine, slip ring system, actuator or current collector with such a sliding contact.
  • Wires for sliding contacts and sliding contacts themselves have a wide range of applications when electricity is to be transmitted to moving parts.
  • Sheathed wires with an inner core are also made from a first metal. or a first metallic alloy. and a jacket or a coating made of a second metal or a second metallic alloy is used.
  • Such sheathed wires are used, for example, as sliding contacts in slip-ring transmission systems. These are used to transmit signal and power currents in rotating systems, such as wind turbines or robot arms.
  • Sliding contacts are for example from the DE 40 20 700 A1 known.
  • the DE 199 13 246 A1 discloses a grinder for the transmission of electrical signals, which is designed as a multi-wire grinder. The large number of contacts is intended to ensure continuous electrical contact.
  • a brush contact with a slip ring is known as a sliding contact, which consists of a large number of individual wires. The tendency in slip ring systems is towards the transmission of higher currents. At the same time, a reduction in expensive precious metals is increasingly being sought.
  • a sliding contact with a base body made of a wire in which a sliding contact body is arranged at one end of the wire.
  • an inexpensive, resilient material such as stainless steel
  • the part transmitting the energy as a sliding contact body, can consist of another material optimized for energy transmission.
  • the advantage here is that expensive precious metal can be saved, since the entire spring contact does not have to be made from a precious metal or a precious metal alloy.
  • the disadvantage here is the greater effort required to produce such a sliding contact compared to using a simple wire.
  • the JP 2000 243139 A describes a rigid wire-like conductor made of a composite material.
  • An inner core of the conductor consists of a copper alloy, with 0.01 to 0.03% by weight of one or two elements from the group Sn, In, Cr, Zr, Fe and P being alloyed to form pure copper.
  • a copper alloy is used for the inner core, which is produced by alloying 1 to 20 wt.% Ag or Nb or an alloy thereof to form pure copper.
  • An outer layer of the conductor consists of copper with a zirconium content of 0.01 to 0.3% by weight. The conductor produced in this way should have good flexural strength and tensile strength combined with high conductivity.
  • a material that is preferably used for the construction of wires for sliding contacts is copper-beryllium alloys, in particular CuBe 2 , which are popular because of their good elastic properties. It is also known to use sheathed wires which have a core made of a copper-beryllium alloy and a sheath made of a noble metal or a noble metal alloy. These sheathed wires have good spring properties due to the hardened CuBe 2 core. The contact resistance and the corrosion resistance of these sheathed wires are also very good due to a sheath that is typically high in gold.
  • the disadvantage here is that the copper-beryllium alloy has poor electrical conductivity compared to pure copper. As a result, the current-carrying capacity of such a wire or of a coated wire with a core made of a copper-beryllium alloy is comparatively low. To transmit higher currents, either the diameter of the wires or the number of wires must be increased. Both measures are associated with significant additional costs due to the higher use of precious metals in the jacket or the coating. Beryllium and beryllium alloys such as CuBe 2 are also increasingly being avoided because of their environmental pollution.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • a wire and a sliding contact with such a wire should be provided which has a higher conductivity but at the same time still has sufficiently good elastic properties that are necessary for a sliding contact.
  • a wire that does not contain environmentally harmful beryllium would be particularly preferred.
  • At least one inner core of the wire consists of a copper-silver alloy, the wire comprising a coating made of a noble metal alloy.
  • the copper-silver alloy Due to its electrical and mechanical properties, the copper-silver alloy enables a thin, highly conductive spring contact to be built up.
  • the coating ensures that the surface of the wire does not oxidize and thus a low contact resistance of such a wire to a mating contact is guaranteed in the long term.
  • the inner core extends along the entire length of the wire.
  • the wire is an elastic wire with a round or an angular cross section.
  • Wires are easy to obtain. If the wire has a round cross section, it has a symmetrical elasticity, so that a mating contact of a sliding contact that is established with such a wire can also be uneven.
  • the copper-silver alloy has up to 30% by weight of silver, preferably 1 to 25% by weight of silver, particularly preferably 5 to 15% by weight of silver, very particularly preferred 10 wt% silver.
  • the mechanical and electrical properties are particularly well suited for building up wires according to the invention.
  • the wires are then particularly well suited for sliding contacts according to the invention.
  • the proportion of silver is given here in percent by weight (% by weight).
  • the copper-silver alloy contains small admixtures of other elements with a proportion below 4% by weight, in particular Zr and / or Cr, preferably with a proportion of below 1% by weight, particularly preferably with a proportion of less than 0.1% by weight.
  • a small addition of chromium (Cr) but also of zirconium (Zr) can, for example, simplify the application of a gold alloy as a coating, or ensure that a gold alloy adheres better to the surface of the wire.
  • the wire is elongated and has a cross section between 0.1 mm and 4 mm.
  • the wire has a thickness of 0.1 mm to 3 mm, preferably a thickness of 0.15 mm to 2 mm.
  • the wire is a wound endless wire or has a length of 10 mm to 300 mm, preferably a length of 20 mm to 180 mm, particularly preferably a length of 30 mm to 100 mm mm has.
  • Wires with a length between 10 mm and 300 mm are particularly easy to install in sliding contacts according to the invention. By providing wires of suitable length, manual cutting of an endless wire is avoided. Therefore, cut wires for sliding contacts are particularly preferred.
  • the noble metal alloy of the coating comprises a gold alloy, preferably the gold alloy comprises silver, copper and / or palladium, very particularly preferably the coating of an alloy with 70 wt. % Gold, 20% by weight silver and 10% by weight copper and / or palladium.
  • the Cu-Ag core is particularly good and easy to coat with the specified gold alloys.
  • the durability of such a coating on the Cu-Ag alloy is particularly good, especially in the case of silver-containing gold alloys.
  • the coated wire comprises a chromium-containing intermediate layer between the core and the coating.
  • the coating is a galvanic coating, preferably with a layer thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, particularly preferably with a layer thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m.
  • the coating is a mechanically applied jacket coating so that the wire is a jacket wire, preferably with a layer thickness of 5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, particularly preferably with a layer thickness of 10 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m.
  • Coated wires can also be characterized in that the coating is a cylinder jacket that extends around the cylindrical core of the wire.
  • the coating of the wire is applied to the base body by roll cladding, sputtering or electroplating.
  • the object of the invention is also achieved by a sliding contact with at least one such wire, with a mating contact being provided, on whose conductive surface at least one of the wires rests, the spring force of the wire on the conductive surface of the mating contact creating an electrical contact between the wire and causes the mating contact and the mating contact is movable against the wire, so that the surface of the wire slides over the mating contact when the mating contact moves.
  • the mating contact is rotatably mounted and the conductive surface of the mating contact is at least partially rotationally symmetrical.
  • the sliding contact is a multi-wire wiper with a large number of wires that are electrically contacted with one another.
  • Multi-wire grinders are particularly suitable because they can cope with the failure of individual contacts and adapt well to the profile of a mating contact.
  • the sliding contact is designed in such a way that at least one of the wires rests with its coating on the mating contact.
  • the object of the invention is also achieved by a potentiometric sensor, potentiometer, slider, position sensor, rotary switch, electric motor, generator, wind turbine, slip ring system, actuator or current collector with such a sliding contact.
  • the object of the invention is finally also achieved by a potentiometric sensor, a potentiometer, a slide control, a position sensor, a rotary switch, an electric motor, a generator, a wind turbine, a slip ring system, an actuator or a current collector with such a wire as a sliding contact.
  • wires and sliding contacts according to the invention can be used particularly effectively in such components.
  • the invention is based on the surprising finding that the material used, namely the copper-silver alloy, is a highly conductive material that allows the transmission of higher currents with a constant cross-section, or the transmission of constant currents with a smaller cross-section, and the alloy at the same time has suitable mechanical properties, such as elasticity, to form a spring contact.
  • the wire is designed as a sheathed wire or as a coated wire that includes a core made of such a copper-silver alloy
  • the constant cross-section with higher currents or the smaller cross-section with constant currents results in the surprising combinatorial advantage that the jacket or the coating, which is usually made up of expensive precious metals, has a smaller cross-section and therefore less of the expensive jacket material or the coating has to be consumed to produce such a jacket wire or coated wire.
  • Wires according to the invention based on Cu-Ag can be used in sliding contacts according to the invention such as slip ring transmission systems.
  • slip ring transmitters are mainly used for the transmission of electrical signals and electrical power in wind energy systems.
  • slip ring assemblies are used wherever electrical currents are to be transmitted between rotating and static parts, such as in robot arms.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic side view of a sliding contact 1, which is constructed with a wire 2 according to the invention.
  • the wire 2 comprises a core made of a copper-silver alloy and is coated on its outer jacket surface with a gold alloy.
  • the copper-silver alloy conducts the current and ensures sufficient elasticity of the wire 2.
  • the wire 2 is fixed on a device 4 with a fixation 3.
  • the device 4 can be any type of installation, for example the mast of a wind power plant or a part which is permanently connected to the mast of a wind power plant.
  • a suspension 5 is arranged on the device 4 and is firmly connected to the device 4.
  • a roller 6 is rotatably mounted about an axis 7 as a counter contact to the wire 2.
  • the roller 6 has a conductive surface and is cylindrical in shape.
  • the axis 7 is at the same time the axis of symmetry of the cylindrical roller 6.
  • the roller 6 is connected to the device 4 via the suspension 5 in a non-electrically conductive manner.
  • the wire 2 is fixed relative to the roller 6 in such a way that it is pressed onto the roller 6. As a result, the wire 2 is elastically deformed.
  • the roller 6 rotates in the suspension 5, the surface of the wire 2 slides over the conductive cylinder jacket of the roller 6.
  • the continuous contact that the wire 2 creates with the rotating roller 6 allows electricity be transferred from the wire 2 to the roller 6 or vice versa.
  • the contact with the surface of the roller 6 is maintained by the spring force of the wire 2.
  • An electrical line 8 is connected to the wire 2, with which current can be conducted to further components (not shown) or from other components to the wire 2.
  • the wire 2 which has a core made of a copper-silver alloy, can have a smaller diameter than conventional wires for conventional sliding contacts in order to transmit the same current. Such a wire 2 is therefore less expensive to manufacture and uses fewer resources. The wire 2 can be produced easily and does not cause any problems with disposal or recycling. Finally, the wire 2 also manages completely without beryllium, which meets newer environmental requirements.
  • a wire can be used as the wire 2, as shown in FIG Figure 2 and is described below.
  • FIG. 11 shows a schematic perspective view of a wire 12 according to the invention for sliding contacts, as shown for example in FIG Figures 1 and 3 are shown.
  • the wire 12 shown is a sheathed wire 12 with a core 19 made of a copper-silver alloy.
  • the sheathed wire 12 is round in cross section.
  • the round surface of the core 19 is surrounded by a jacket 20 which forms a cylindrical coating of the core 19.
  • the jacket 20 consists of a gold alloy which consists of more than 50% by weight of gold.
  • the jacket 20 is mechanically applied to the core 19.
  • the wire 12 can also be coated with a thin layer of such a gold alloy.
  • the coating 20 can be applied to the copper-silver core 19 of the wire 12 by roll cladding, by sputtering or by electroplating.
  • an intermediate layer (not shown) can be provided between the core 19 and the coating 20.
  • the intermediate layer can be, for example, a chromium alloy which is applied to the core 19 by electroplating or by means of gas phase deposition.
  • FIG 3 shows a schematic view of an alternative sliding contact 21 according to the invention.
  • the sliding contact 21 is constructed with a multiplicity of wires 22 according to the invention and thus forms a multi-wire wiper or a brush contact.
  • the wires 22 are held by a fixation 23.
  • the fixation 23 positions the wires 22 such that they are held at a distance from a metallic rail 26 which is smaller than the part of the length of the wires 22 which protrude from the fixation 23.
  • the wires 22 are pressed onto the metallic rail 26 and are elastically deformed in the process. As a result of the spring force of the wires 22, they are always pressed onto the rail 26, which forms the mating contact with the wires 22.
  • the wires 22 of the sliding contact 21 are electrically contacted via a line 28. A current can be transmitted from the rail 26 via the wires 22. When the wires 22 move over the rail 26, current can thus always be transmitted from the rail 26 to the wires 22.
  • the wires 22 comprise a copper-silver alloy and can therefore be made smaller than wires for conventional sliding contacts. As a result, on the one hand, less material is used and, on the other hand, smaller structures can be realized. This is advantageous with increasing miniaturization of many components.
  • the sliding contact 21 shown can be used, for example, in a model railway, as in FIG Figure 3 shown to be realized.
  • wires 22 in particular wires as shown in FIG Figure 2 and are explained in the description for this purpose.
  • copper-silver alloys with up to 25% by weight silver and the remainder of copper are particularly well suited to construct a wire 2, 12, 22 according to the invention for a sliding contact 1, 21 according to the invention.
  • the alloy may contain small amounts (less than 4% by weight) of other metals. Suitable small admixtures can be, for example, chromium or zirconium.

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  • Contacts (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Fil (2, 12, 22) pour la fabrication d'un contact glissant (1, 21), dans lequel
    au moins une âme interne (19) du fil (2, 12, 22) est constituée d'un alliage de cuivre et d'argent,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le fil (2, 12, 22) comprend un revêtement (20) d'un alliage de métal noble.
  2. Fil (2, 12, 22) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que
    l'âme interne (19) s'étend le long de la longueur entière du fil (2, 12, 22).
  3. Fil (2, 12, 22) selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que
    l'alliage de cuivre et d'argent a jusqu'à 30 % en poids d'argent, de préférence, de 1 à 25 % d'argent, de manière particulièrement préférée, de 5 à 15 % en poids d'argent, idéalement 10 % en poids d'argent.
  4. Fil (2, 12, 22) selon l'une des revendications 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que
    l'alliage de cuivre et d'argent contient des impuretés en petite quantité d'autres éléments avec une proportion en-dessous de 4 % en poids, notamment du Zr et/ou du Cr, de préférence à une proportion en-dessous de 1 % en poids, de manière particulièrement préférée à une proportion en-dessous de 0,1 % en poids.
  5. Fil (2, 12, 22) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que
    le fil (2, 12, 22) a une épaisseur de 0,1 mm à 3 mm, de préférence une épaisseur de 0,15 mm à 2 mm.
  6. Fil (2, 12, 22) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que
    le fil (2, 12, 22) est un fil sans fin enroulé ou a une longueur de 10 mm à 300 mm, a de préférence une longueur de 20 mm à 180 mm, a de manière préférée une longueur de 30 mm à 100 mm.
  7. Fil (2, 12, 22) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que
    l'alliage de métal noble du revêtement (20) comprend un alliage d'or, l'alliage d'or comprend de préférence de l'argent, du cuivre et/ou du palladium, de manière particulièrement préférée, le revêtement est constitué d'un alliage avec 70 % en poids d'or, 20 % en poids d'argent et 10 % en poids de cuivre et/ou de palladium.
  8. Fil (2, 12, 22) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que
    le revêtement (20) est un revêtement galvanique (20), de préférence, avec une épaisseur de couche de 0,1 µm à 20 µm, de manière particulièrement préférée avec une épaisseur de couche de 0,5 %µm à 2 µm.
  9. Fil (2, 12, 22) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que
    le revêtement (20) est un revêtement d'enveloppe (20) rapporté mécaniquement de sorte que le fil (2, 12, 22) est un fil gainé (12), de préférence avec une épaisseur de couche de 5 µm à 50 µm, de manière particulièrement préférée avec une épaisseur de couche de 10 µm à 25 µm.
  10. Fil (2, 12, 22) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que
    le revêtement (20) est une enveloppe en cylindre qui s'étend autour de l'âme (19) cylindrique du fil (2, 12, 22).
  11. Contact glissant (1, 21) avec au moins un fil (2, 12, 22) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce
    qu'un contact complémentaire (6, 26) est prévu, sur la surface conductrice duquel au moins un des fils (2, 12, 22) est appliqué, où la force élastique du fil (2, 12, 22) fait agir un contact électrique entre le fil (2, 12, 22) et le contact complémentaire (6, 26) sur la surface conductrice du contact complémentaire (6, 26), et le contact complémentaire (6, 26) peut se déplacer contre le fil (2, 12, 22), de sorte que la surface du fil (2, 12, 22) glisse par-dessus le contact complémentaire (6, 26) lors d'un déplacement du contact complémentaire (6, 26).
  12. Contact glissant (1, 21) selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que
    le contact complémentaire (6) est logé en pouvant être tourné contre le fil (2, 12, 22) et la surface conductrice du contact complémentaire (6) est symétrique en rotation au moins par endroits.
  13. Contact glissant (1, 21) selon la revendication 11 ou la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que
    le contact glissant (21) est un coulissement multi fils (21) avec un grand nombre de fils (2, 12, 22) en contact électrique les uns avec les autres.
  14. Contact glissant (1, 21) selon l'une des revendications 11, 12 ou 13, avec au moins un fil (2, 12, 22) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le contact glissant (1, 21) est conçu de telle manière qu'au moins un des fils (2, 12, 22) s'applique sur le contact complémentaire (6, 26) avec son revêtement (20).
  15. Capteur potentiométrique, potentiomètre, commande de coulisseau, capteur de position, commutateur rotatif, moteur électrique, générateur, turbine éolienne, système de bague collectrice, servomécanisme ou dispositif de prise de courant, avec un contact glissant (1, 21) selon l'une des revendications 11 à 14.
EP12732967.0A 2011-06-15 2012-06-12 Fil pour contacts par frottement et contacts par frottement Active EP2721696B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011106518.4A DE102011106518B4 (de) 2011-06-15 2011-06-15 Draht für Schleifkontakte und Schleifkontakte
PCT/EP2012/002478 WO2012171632A1 (fr) 2011-06-15 2012-06-12 Fil pour contacts par frottement et contacts par frottement

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2721696A1 EP2721696A1 (fr) 2014-04-23
EP2721696B1 true EP2721696B1 (fr) 2020-09-30

Family

ID=46466405

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12732967.0A Active EP2721696B1 (fr) 2011-06-15 2012-06-12 Fil pour contacts par frottement et contacts par frottement

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20140120743A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2721696B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN103608976B (fr)
DE (1) DE102011106518B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012171632A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2808873A1 (fr) * 2013-05-28 2014-12-03 Nexans Fil conducteur électrique et son procédé de fabrication
CN108233133B (zh) * 2017-12-31 2024-07-09 扬州海通电子科技有限公司 模块化触点组件及基于该组件的大型输电滑环触点装置
KR102358089B1 (ko) * 2021-08-06 2022-02-08 정호균 슬립링용 핀와이어

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4314848A (en) * 1978-11-17 1982-02-09 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Silver alloy for a sliding contact
US20010024735A1 (en) * 1996-04-05 2001-09-27 University Of Virginia Patent Foundation Continuous metal fiber brushes

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DE102011106518B4 (de) 2017-12-28
CN103608976B (zh) 2020-05-15
EP2721696A1 (fr) 2014-04-23
WO2012171632A1 (fr) 2012-12-20
DE102011106518A1 (de) 2012-12-20
CN103608976A (zh) 2014-02-26
US20140120743A1 (en) 2014-05-01

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