EP2721389A1 - Procédé et dispositif de mesure pour l'analyse d'une pièce à usiner magnétique - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de mesure pour l'analyse d'une pièce à usiner magnétique

Info

Publication number
EP2721389A1
EP2721389A1 EP12746054.1A EP12746054A EP2721389A1 EP 2721389 A1 EP2721389 A1 EP 2721389A1 EP 12746054 A EP12746054 A EP 12746054A EP 2721389 A1 EP2721389 A1 EP 2721389A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workpiece
measurement
sensor
calibration function
measuring device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12746054.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hans-Gerd Brummel
Uwe Linnert
Carl Udo Maier
Jochen Ostermaier
Uwe Pfeifer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2721389A1 publication Critical patent/EP2721389A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
    • G01M13/025—Test-benches with rotational drive means and loading means; Load or drive simulation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/12—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in the magnetic properties of materials resulting from the application of stress
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/12—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in the magnetic properties of materials resulting from the application of stress
    • G01L1/125—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in the magnetic properties of materials resulting from the application of stress by using magnetostrictive means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L25/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus for measuring force, torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency
    • G01L25/003—Testing or calibrating of apparatus for measuring force, torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency for measuring torque
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/0047—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes measuring forces due to residual stresses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/0617—Electrical or magnetic indicating, recording or sensing means
    • G01N2203/0635—Electrical or magnetic indicating, recording or sensing means using magnetic properties

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to a method and a measuring device for examining a magnetic workpiece, and more particularly testing for internal mechanical ⁇ specific voltages of the magnetic workpiece.
  • Internal mechanical stresses such as, for example, so-called frozen stresses can arise during the production or further processing of workpieces, for example when the workpiece is subjected to forming treatments or thermal stresses due to hardening processes, surface treatments and / or
  • the accuracy of the measurement results is strongly influenced by the frozen stresses that are permanently present in the material to be measured.
  • magnetoelastic sensors that operate without contact can not be used because of the frozen voltages.
  • Other types of measurements can only be performed to a certain degree of accuracy.
  • the invention relates to a method for examining a magnetic workpiece, comprising the following steps:
  • the knowledge of the frozen voltages and their behavior when applying a load allows a high-precision measurement, for example, the power transmission to shafts in power plants. With this method, measurement accuracies on the order of about +/- 1% can be achieved.
  • the calibration function is created for each measuring point as the internal mechanical stresses or frozen voltages change locally. It is possible to view one or more measurement points or the entire surface of the workpiece, in which case the calibration function may include a map. By knowing the internal mechanical tension on the measurement accuracy of the measurement of the incorporated ⁇ externally applied stress by correcting the calibration point can be increased.
  • the calibration function can contain several parameters, whereby the parameters to be used can be selected.
  • a magnetoelastic sensor can be used for the measurements.
  • a magnetoelastic sensor is based on the measurement of the magnetic permeability change. This sensor can be used, for example, as a torque sensor, which can measure the power transmission of waves, for example. It is also possible to use a magnetostrictive sensor.
  • the calibration function may include a calibration curve. By means of a calibration curve, the frozen voltage can be displayed and processed in a simple manner. Thus, the size of the frozen voltage can be an offset for each measuring point.
  • the pitch can be the same and linear under proper material conditions.
  • the incline is changed. This is to be observed, since the forces have to be transmitted despite the imperfections, which, however, only the intact material can accomplish. As a result, the stresses increase in this area and make themselves felt by changing the slope of the calibration curve.
  • the method is also suitable for material examination.
  • Measurements for creating the calibration function can be performed at different temperatures. Especially with large differences in temperature under different operating conditions, a measurement at different temperatures increases the accuracy of the examination. Thus, the calibration function has a further degree of freedom or a further dimension which allows a more accurate adjustment or adaptation.
  • Measurements for the creation of the calibration function can be carried out with different positions of a sensor for the measurement.
  • a distance dependence of the sensor can be considered and corrected and the accuracy can be increased in another dimension.
  • the calibration function may include a map of internal mechanical stresses. With the map, a calibration function or a calibration value such as an offset can be created for every point on the workpiece or only for a subset. By knowing the frozen or neren stresses of the workpiece or material at each location can be measured at any point of the workpiece from an externally introduced mechanical stress without distortion by internal stresses.
  • the distance to the workpiece and / or the temperature may be specified. All or some of the collected data or parameters can be used to measure externally applied stress.
  • the acquired data can be entered into a controller of a measuring or processing device or in a special measuring computer and used there for correction.
  • the invention relates to a measuring ⁇ device for examining a magnetic workpiece with a sensor for detecting mechanical stresses on the workpiece and a controller for processing measured values suitable for creating a calibration function for the correction of a measurement of an externally introduced mechanical stress.
  • the measuring device can be designed independently, be part of a machining system for the workpiece such as a lathe or a machine for the last surface treatment or part of a simulator.
  • the sensor can detect both internal and external mechanical stresses. From measurements of internal mechanical stresses or frozen voltages, the controller creates a calibration function that corrects the measurement of external mechanical stress.
  • the sensor can be a magnetoelastic sensor.
  • a magnetoelastic sensor is based on the measurement of the magnetic permeability change.
  • This sensor can be used for example as a torque sensor, the For example, can measure the power transmission of waves. It is also possible to use a magnetostrictive sensor.
  • the sensor can be arranged on a multi-axis system, so that the sensor is at a distance to the workpiece, along the
  • the measuring device may comprise a device for applying a torque to the workpiece.
  • a load can be applied to the workpiece and thus a measurement un ⁇ ter load performed.
  • the device may either be part of the measuring device or belong to a processing system, which is coupled to the measuring device, for example.
  • the measuring device can also be part of a processing system such as a lathe or the like.
  • the workpiece can be a shaft.
  • a magnetoelastic sensor as a torque sensor is particularly suitable.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a measuring device for examining a magnetic workpiece according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method of inspecting a magnetic workpiece according to the invention.
  • the drawings are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit it. The drawings and the individual parts are not necessarily to scale.
  • FIG. 1 shows a measuring device 1 for examining a magnetic workpiece 2, here by way of example in the form of a shaft, as can be used, for example, in power stations.
  • the workpiece 2 is clamped in a receiving device 3 in order to fix the workpiece 2.
  • the workpiece 2 may be fixed in place or moved about a rotation axis 2a.
  • the measuring device 1 may be an independent device, be combined with a processing system or be part of the processing system.
  • the processing system may be, for example, a lathe or the like.
  • the workpiece can be examined, such as a power measurement or a material examination.
  • a magnetoelastic sensor is based on the measurement of the magnetic permeability change. This sensor can be used for example as a torque sensor, which can measure, for example, the power transmission of waves.
  • the sensor 4 is attached to a multi-axis system 5, with which the sensor 4 can be moved along the workpiece 2, that is to say parallel to the axis of rotation 2 a, and in the direction of the workpiece 2, that is to say perpendicular to the axis of rotation 2 a so as to be able to reach all areas or at least one or more selected areas of the surface.
  • the orientation of the sensor 4 can be changed so as to allow, for example, a continuous vertical orientation of the sensor 4 on the respective portion of the surface.
  • the sensor 4 is connected to a control 6 for processing measured values, which is suitable for creating a Calibration function 7 for the correction of a measurement of an externally applied to the workpiece 2 mechanical stress.
  • the controller 6 can furthermore control the receiving device 3, the rotation of the workpiece 2 and functions of a processing system or a simulator.
  • the controller 6 may be made extra or part of an existing controller, for example a lathe.
  • a measurement can be carried out under load or it can be a power transmission of the shaft 2 are simulated.
  • the moment can be applied mechanically or for example by means of eddy current.
  • a first step 10 the internal mechanical stresses on the workpiece 2 are measured without load.
  • the sensor 4 is moved along the workpiece 2 so as to produce a map of measurement data covering the entire surface or a certain part thereof.
  • These measurement data are stored in the controller 6.
  • a second step 11 the internal mechanical stresses on the workpiece 2 are measured under load.
  • the device 8 exerts a stationary moment on the workpiece 2.
  • the sensor 4 is in turn moved along the workpiece 2 so as to produce a map of measurement data covering the entire surface or a certain part thereof. Ideally, the identical measuring points are approached in this second measurement.
  • a calibration function 7 is created for at least one measuring point by means of the two measurements.
  • the calibration function 7 may include a map of the Lucasfro ⁇ renen voltages. With the calibration function 7 receives one is aware of the internal mechanical of the frozen tensions of the workpiece 2 at each location or measuring point. The value of the internal stress can be represented as an offset, which is then subtracted from the measurement result then obtained during the following measurement of an externally introduced mechanical stress. It is also possible to enter the individual Cal ⁇ rierparameter in the measuring system and to consider directly in the measurement, that is not to create special Cal ⁇ rierfunktion, but in a sense to use a calibration function indirectly included in the measurement function.
  • a fourth step 13 the measurements for the preparation of the calibration function 7 are carried out at different temperatures.
  • the calibration function 7 can also compensate for different temperatures, for example for different operating states.
  • a fifth step 14 measurements are carried out for the creation of the calibration function 7 at a different position of the sensor 4 for the measurement. In this way, the distance dependence of the sensor 4 to the workpiece 2 can additionally be corrected by the calibration function 7.
  • the two steps 13 and 14 are optional. Both steps can be measured with and / or without load.
  • the measurement results of steps 10 to 14 are stored in the controller 6 and combined to form a calibration function 7.
  • a mechanical stress introduced from outside is measured at the at least one measuring point taking into account the calibration function 7.
  • the mechanical stress may, for example, be applied by the device 8 or another device, for example a simulator.
  • the fifth step either in addition to or instead of the measurement of the externally introduced mechanical stress disturbances in the material of the workpiece 2 can be detected.
  • the Disturbances such as voids can be detected by changes in the slope of the calibration curve.
  • a material investigation takes place.
  • Well suited is the method of measuring on waves for
  • the calibration of the sensor 4 takes place by means of a mapping of the stresses over the circumference in the area in which the sensor 4 is to be positioned.
  • This can be in a special measuring device in which the shaft is clamped, or have already done in the machining ⁇ processing system, with which the lastecknbearbei ⁇ processing of the shaft is performed.
  • the torque sensor 4 is mounted on the shaft and via a multi-axis system 5, the placement along and in the direction of the shaft is made.
  • the measuring device or the processing system is equipped with a device which simulates the power transmission in the power plant, for
  • Example by applying a stationary moment The cartographed measured values are then transferred to an evaluation software or entered.
  • the calibration parameters can be set.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé d'analyse d'une pièce à usiner (2) magnétique comprenant les étapes suivantes : - mesure de contraintes mécaniques internes sur la pièce à usiner (2) sans charge; - mesure de contraintes mécaniques internes sur la pièce à usiner (2) avec charge; - établissement d'une fonction d'étalonnage (7) au moyen des deux mesures pour au moins un point de mesure; - mesure d'une contrainte mécanique, exercée de l'extérieur, en au moins un point de mesure compte tenu de la fonction d'étalonnage (7).
EP12746054.1A 2011-08-02 2012-07-25 Procédé et dispositif de mesure pour l'analyse d'une pièce à usiner magnétique Withdrawn EP2721389A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011080282.7A DE102011080282B4 (de) 2011-08-02 2011-08-02 Verfahren und Messvorrichtung zur Untersuchung eines magnetischen Werkstücks
PCT/EP2012/064572 WO2013017493A1 (fr) 2011-08-02 2012-07-25 Procédé et dispositif de mesure pour l'analyse d'une pièce à usiner magnétique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2721389A1 true EP2721389A1 (fr) 2014-04-23

Family

ID=46650512

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12746054.1A Withdrawn EP2721389A1 (fr) 2011-08-02 2012-07-25 Procédé et dispositif de mesure pour l'analyse d'une pièce à usiner magnétique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20140165737A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2721389A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN103620366A (fr)
DE (1) DE102011080282B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013017493A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107884099B (zh) * 2016-09-30 2020-08-11 通用电气公司 校正装置、校正方法及测量系统
US10473535B2 (en) * 2017-01-27 2019-11-12 General Electric Company Methods and systems for non-contact magnetostrictive sensor runout compensation
DE102020101615A1 (de) 2020-01-23 2021-07-29 Weber-Hydraulik Gmbh Zylinderkolbenaggregat mit integriertem Kraftmesssystem
CN111780920B (zh) * 2020-07-08 2021-12-03 安东仪器仪表检测有限公司 在线原位校准动态扭矩传感器方法
CN113216938B (zh) * 2021-06-23 2022-05-13 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 一种煤矿用钻杆动态综合性能试验装置
CN113216937B (zh) * 2021-06-23 2022-05-20 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 一种煤矿用钻杆动态综合性能试验方法及装置

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US4697459A (en) * 1985-09-04 1987-10-06 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho Torque measuring apparatus
US4760745A (en) * 1986-12-05 1988-08-02 Mag Dev Inc. Magnetoelastic torque transducer
US4939937A (en) * 1988-07-21 1990-07-10 Sensortech, L. P. Magnetostrictive torque sensor
US5351555A (en) * 1991-07-29 1994-10-04 Magnetoelastic Devices, Inc. Circularly magnetized non-contact torque sensor and method for measuring torque using same
US7526964B2 (en) * 2002-01-25 2009-05-05 Jentek Sensors, Inc. Applied and residual stress measurements using magnetic field sensors
US6925892B2 (en) * 2003-12-17 2005-08-09 Sauer-Danfoss, Inc. Method and means for monitoring torque in a hydraulic power unit
DE102006017727A1 (de) * 2006-04-15 2007-10-25 Daimlerchrysler Ag Berührungslose Sensorvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Eigenschaften einer Welle
EP2160582B1 (fr) * 2007-06-12 2016-09-07 Jentek Sensors, Inc. Surveillance de couple et de charge à l'aide de réseaux de capteurs magnétiques
CN201540199U (zh) * 2009-09-23 2010-08-04 电子科技大学 一种伺服减速器性能参数的测试装置

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN103620366A (zh) 2014-03-05
DE102011080282B4 (de) 2016-02-11
US20140165737A1 (en) 2014-06-19
DE102011080282A1 (de) 2013-02-07
WO2013017493A1 (fr) 2013-02-07

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